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UnschoolingFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Unschooling is an educational method and philosophy that rejects compulsory school as a primary means

for learning. Unschoolers learn through their natural life experiences including play, game play, household

responsibilities, personal interests and curiosity, internships and work experience, travel, books, elective

classes, family, mentors, and social interaction. Unschooling encourages exploration of activities initiated

by the children themselves, believing that the more personal learning is, the more meaningful, well-

understood and therefore useful it is to the child. While courses may occasionally be taken, unschooling

questions the usefulness of standard curricula, conventional grading methods, and other features of

traditional schooling in maximizing the education of each unique child.

The term "unschooling" was coined in the 1970s and used by educator John Holt, widely regarded as the

"father" of unschooling.[1] While often considered a subset of homeschooling, unschoolers may be as

philosophically separate from other homeschoolers as they are from advocates of conventional schooling.

While homeschooling has been subject to widespread public debate, little media attention has been given

to unschooling in particular. Popular critics of unschooling tend to view it as an extreme educational

philosophy, with concerns that unschooled children lack the social skills, structure, and motivation of their

peers, especially in the job market, while proponents of unschooling say exactly the opposite is true: self-

directed education in a natural environment makes a child more equipped to handle the "real world." [2]

Contents

1 Philosophy

1.1 Children are natural learners1.2 Different approaches to learning1.2.1 Developmental differences

1.2.2 Learning styles1.3 Essential body of knowledge1.4 The role of parents1.5 Criticism of traditional school methods and environments

2 History and usage2.1 Complementary philosophies

3 Home education4 Socialization

5 Criticisms6 Other forms of alternative education7 See also

7.1 Persons of interest7.2 Adult unschoolers of note

8 References9 Further reading

9.1 Print: books9.2 Print: articles

10 External links

10.1 Websites10.2 Organizations10.3 Videos10.4 Audio
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Philosophy

Children are natural learners

A fundamental premise of unschooling is that curiosity is innate and that children want to learn. From this

an argument can be made that institutionalizing children in a so-called "one size fits all" or "factory model"

school is an inefficient use of the children's time, because it requires each child to learn a specific subject

matter in a particular manner, at a particular pace, and at a specific time regardless of that individual'spresent or future needs, interests, goals, or any pre-existing knowledge he or she might have about the

topic.

Many unschoolers believe that opportunities for valuable hands-on, community-based, spontaneous, and

real-world experiences are missed when educational opportunities are limited to, or dominated by, those

inside a school building.

Different approaches to learning

Unschoolers note that psychologists have documented many differences between children in the way that

they learn,[3] and assert that unschooling is better equipped to adapt to these differences.[4]

Developmental differences

Developmental psychologists note that just as children reach growth milestones at different ages from each

other, children are also prepared to learn at different ages.[5] Just as some children learn to walk during a

normal range of eight to fifteen months, and begin to talk across an even larger range, unschoolers assert

that they are also ready and able to read, for example, at different ages, girls usually earlier, boys later. In

fact, experts have discovered that natural learning produces far greater changes in behavior than do

traditional learning methods, though not necessarily an increase in the amount of information learned.[6]

Traditional education requires all children to begin reading at the same time and do multiplication at the

same time; unschoolers believe that some children cannot help but be bored because this was something

that they had been ready to learn earlier, and even worse, some children cannot help but fail, because they

are not yet ready for this new information being taught.[7]

Learning styles

People vary in their "learning styles", that is, how they acquire new information. However, research hasdemonstrated that this preference is not related to increased learning or improved performance.[8] Students

have different learning needs. In a traditional school setting, teachers seldom evaluate an individual student

differently than other students, and while teachers often use different methods, this is sometimes haphazard

and not always with regard to an individual student.[9]

Essential body of knowledge

Unschoolers sometimes state that learning any specific subject is less important than learning how to

learn.[10]

They assert, in the words of Holt:

Since we can't know what knowledge will be most needed in the future, it is senseless to try

to teach it in advance. Instead, we should try to turn out people who love learning so much

and learn so well that they will be able to learn whatever must be learned.[10]
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It is asserted that this ability to learn on their own makes it more likely that later, when these children are

adults, they can continue to learn what they need to know to meet newly emerging needs, interests, and

goals;[10] and that they can return to any subject that they feel was not sufficiently covered or learn a

completely new subject.[10]

Many unschoolers disagree that there is a particular body of knowledge that every person, regardless of the

life they lead, needs to possess.[11] Unschoolers argue that, in the words of John Holt, "[I]f [children] are

given access to enough of the world, they will see clearly enough what things are truly important tothemselves and to others, and they will make for themselves a better path into that world than anyone else

could make for them."[12]

The role of parents

Parents of unschoolers provide resources, support, guidance, information, and advice to facilitate

experiences that aid their children in accessing, navigating, and making sense of the world.[4] Common

parental activities include sharing interesting books, articles, and activities with their children, helping them

find knowledgeable people to explore an interest with (anyone from physics professors to automotive

mechanics), and helping them set goals and figure out what they need to do to meet their goals.

Unschooling's interest-based nature does not mean that it is a "hands off" approach to education. Parents

tend to involve themselves, especially with younger children (older children, unless new to unschooling,

often need less help finding resources and making and carrying out plans). [4]

Criticism of traditional school methods and environments

Unschoolers question schools for lessening the parent/child bond and reducing family time and creating

atmospheres of fear, or atmospheres that are not conducive for learning and may not even correspond with

later success.

Often those in school have a community consisting mainly of a peer group, of which the parent has little

influence and even knowledge. Unschoolers may have time to share a role in their greater community,

therefore relating more to older and younger individuals and finding their place within more diverse groups

of people. Parents of school children also have little say regarding who their instructors and teachers are,

where as parents of unschoolers may be more involved in the selection of the coaches mentors their

children work with and with whom they build lasting and ongoing relationships.

According to unschooling pioneer John Holt, "...the anxiety children feel at constantly being tested, their

fear of failure, punishment, and disgrace, severely reduces their ability both to perceive and to remember,and drives them away from the material being studied into strategies for fooling teachers into thinking they

know what they really don't know." Proponents of unschooling assert that individualized, child-led

learning is more efficient and respectful of children's time, takes advantage of their interests, and allows

deeper exploration of subjects than what is possible in conventional education.

Unschoolers may question the school environment as one that is optimal for daily learning. According to

Brain Rules by John J. Medina, "If you wanted to create an education environment that was directly

opposed to what the brain was good at doing, you probably would create something like a classroom..."

According to the Victorian Institute of Teaching here: [15]

"Studies about student academic achievement and building condition conclude that the quality of thephysical environment significantly affects student achievement. 'There is sufficient research to statewithout equivocation that the building in which students spends a good deal of their time learning

does in fact influence how well they learn' (Earthman, G 2004:18)...research has acknowledged that
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'student achievement lags in shabby school buildings...":

Others point out that some schools can be non-coercive and cooperative, in a manner consistent with the

philosophies behind unschooling.[13] Sudbury model schools are non-coercive, non-indoctrinative,

cooperative, democratically run partnerships between children and adults, including full parents'

partnership, where learning is individualized and child-led, and complements home education.[13]

Success and schooling also show little correlation according to some studies, and this is a subject for

debate. In the United States, school often takes a well-rounded approach that may attempt to compensate

for students' weaknesses rather than building upon individual strengths and skills that they will eventually

utilize professionally. Further, many highly successful people, including US presidents, scientists, actors,

writers, inventors, and educators were home-schooled or dropped out of school, suggesting that education

is a matter of curiosity and desire rather than academic achievement.

History and usage

The term "unschooling" probably derives from Ivan Illich's term "deschooling", and was popularized

through John Holt's newsletter Growing Without Schooling. In an early essay, Holt contrasted the two

terms:

GWS will say 'unschooling' when we mean taking children out of school, and 'deschooling'

when we mean changing the laws to make schools non-compulsory...[14]

At this point the term was equivalent with "home schooling" (itself a neologism). Subsequently, home

schoolers began to differentiate between various educational philosophies within home schooling. The

term "unschooling" became used as a contrast to versions of home schooling that were perceived as

politically and pedagogically "school-like," using textbooks and exercises at home, the same way they

would be used at school. In 2003, in Holt's book Teach Your Own (originally published in 1981) Pat

Farenga, co-author of the new edition, provided a definition:

When pressed, I define unschooling as allowing children as much freedom to learn in the

world as their parents can comfortably bear.[15]

In the same passage Holt stated that he was not entirely comfortable with this term, and that he would have

preferred the term "living". Holt's use of the term emphasizes learning as a natural process, integrated into

the spaces and activities of everyday life, and not benefiting from adult manipulation. It follows closely on

the themes of educational philosophies proposed by Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Paul Goodman, and A.S.

Neill.

At Holt's death the newsletter GWS ceased. Thereafter a range of unschooling practitioners and observers

defined the term in various ways. For instance, the Freechild Project defines unschooling as:

the process of learning through life, without formalized or institutionalized classrooms or

schoolwork.[16]

New Mexico homeschooling parent Sandra Dodd proposed the term "Radical Unschooling" to emphasize

the complete rejection of any distinction between educational and non-educational activities.[17] Radical

Unschooling emphasizes that unschooling is a non-coercive, cooperative practice, and seeks to promote

those values in all areas of life. Catherine Baker and Grace Llewellyn emphasize unschooling as a process

initiated and controlled by the learners (as opposed to their parents).[18][19] These usages share an

opposition to traditional schooling techniques and the social construction of schools. Most emphasize the
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integration of learning into the everyday life of the family and wider community. Points of disagreement

include whether unschooling is primarily defined by the initiative of the learner and their control over the

curriculum, or by the techniques, methods, and spaces being used.

Complementary philosophies

Radical unschooling families may incorporate the following philosophies into their lifestyles.

Unconditional Parenting and Punished by Rewards, parenting and education books by Alfie Kohn.The Continuum Concept, Attachment Parenting, and Attachment Theory, theories and practicesattempting to encourage the child's development.Voluntaryism: the idea that all forms of human association should be voluntary, as far as possible.

Consequently, voluntaryism opposes the initiation of aggressive force or coercion.

Home education

Unschooling is a form of home education, which is the education of children at home rather than in a

school. Home education is often considered synonymous with homeschooling.

Unschooling contrasts with other forms of home education in that the student's education is not directed by

a teacher and curriculum. Unschooling is a real-world implementation of "The Open Classroom" methods

promoted in the late 1960s and early 1970s, without the school, classrooms or grades. Parents who

unschool their children act as "facilitators," providing a range of resources, helping their children access,

navigate, and make sense of the world, and aiding them in making and implementing goals and plans for

both the distant and immediate future. Unschooling expands from children's natural curiosity as an

extension of their interests, concerns, needs, goals, and plans.

Socialization

Concerns about socialization are often a factor in the decision to unschool. Many unschoolers believe that

the conditions common in conventional schools, like age segregation, a low ratio of adults to children, a

lack of contact with the community, a lack of people in professions other than teachers or school

administration, an emphasis on the smarter children, shaming of the failing children, and an emphasis on

sitting, create an unhealthy social environment.[20] They feel that their children benefit from coming in

contact with people of diverse ages and backgrounds in a variety of contexts, benefitting from having some

ability to influence and be influenced by people they encounter, and the contexts they encounter them in.

Unschoolers cite studies that report that home educated students tend to be more mature than their schooledpeers,[20][21][22] and some believe this is a result of the wide range of people they have the opportunity to

interact with.[23] Critics of unschooling, on the other hand, argue that unschooling inhibits social

development by removing children from a ready-made peer group of diverse individuals.[2][24]

Criticisms

See also: Homeschooling controversy and criticism

Children won't learn what they need to know in their adult lives. [24][25]

A child may not learn the same things a regular-schooling peer does, unless an educational

professional controls what material is covered.[26] Unschooling children ages 510 scoredsignificantly below traditionally educated children and academically oriented home schooled
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children.[27] Most unschooling parents are unfazed by this criticism, believing that their childrenneed not know or study for the things on standardized tests. Their long-term goal is to make theirchildren productive caring citizens of the community, not perform well on tests. Moore argued thatmany subjects have been taught too early to students and this has helped cause burnout in school

children.[28]

Because schools provide a ready-made group of peers, unschooled children need other ways to

make friends in their age group.[2][24]

A child might not encounter people of other cultures, worldviews and socioeconomic groups if theyare not enrolled in a school.[24]

A child could be completely unmotivated and never learn anything on their own.[29] This can beespecially true when one encounters a teenager recently removed from traditional school. Someunschooling blogs are fond of repeating the saying, "It takes one month of recovery for every one

year of school, before a child is ready to lead their own learning."[30][31]

Some parents may not have the skills required to guide and advise their children in life skills or help

them pursue their own interests.[25][26]

Other forms of alternative educationMany other forms of alternative education also place a great deal of importance on student control of

learning, albeit not necessarily of the individual learner. This includes free democratic schools, like the

Sudbury Valley School, Stonesoup School and "open learning" virtual universities.

See also

Alternative school

Anarchistic free schoolAutodidacticismDemocratic educationDeschooling Society

Gifted educationHomeschoolingMontessori methodNot Back to School Campan annual gathering of over 100 unschoolers ages 13 to 18

School-at-homeSpecial educationSudbury Valley School

Taking Children SeriouslyThe Teenage Liberation Handbook: How to Quit School and Get a Real Life and Education

UnCollegeWaldorf Education

Persons of interest

Catherine BakerAlbert Cullumelementary school teacher from 1960sSandra Doddadvocate/author/speaker

John Taylor GattoNew York City's 1989 Teacher of the Year, New York State Teacher of theYear 1991John Holt (educator)Grace Llewellynauthor/advocate/speaker/camp director

Dayna Martinunschooling advocate, author, and conference speaker
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Wendy PriesnitzKen Robinson (educationalist)

Adult unschoolers of note

Peter KowalkeJedediah Purdy, author and Professor of Law at Duke UniversityAstra Taylor, filmmaker

Sunny Taylor, painter and disability activist (also younger sister of Astra Taylor)

References

1. ^ Billy Greer. "Unschooling or homeschooling?" (http://www.unschooling.org/fun12_unschooling.htm).

Retrieved 2008-09-04.

2. ^ abc "Readers share heated opinions on "unschooling"" (http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/15148804/). 2006-

10-31. Retrieved 2008-09-04.

3. ^ Vosniadou, S:How Children Learn? The International Academy of Education, 2001. [1]

(http://www.iaoed.org/files/prac07e.pdf)

4. ^ abc Hunt, Jan. "Evaluation" (http://www.naturalchild.org/jan_hunt/evaluation.html). Natural Child.

Retrieved 6 January 2013.

5. ^ Vosniadou, S:How Children Learn?, The International Academy of Education, 2001. [2]

(http://www.iaoed.org/files/prac07e.pdf)

6. ^ J. Scott Armstrong. "Teacher vs. Learner Responsibility in Management Education"

(http://marketing.wharton.upenn.edu/documents/research/Teacher-vs-Learner-Responsibility.pdf).

7. ^ Holt, John C. (1964 (revised 1982)). How Children Fail (http://www.amazon.com/Children-Fail-Classics-

Child-Development/dp/0201484021). Classics in Child Development. ISBN 10: 0201484021 Check |isbn=

value (help).

8. ^ Pashler, H.; McDaniel, M.; Rohrer, D.; Bjork, R. (2009). "Learning styles: Concepts and evidence".Psychological Science in the Public Interest 9: 105119. doi:10.1111/j.1539-6053.2009.01038.x

(http://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1539-6053.2009.01038.x)

9. ^ Learning through home education Retrieved 2011-02-20 (http://parentconcept.com/learning-through-home-

education)

10. ^ abcd http://web.archive.org/web/20110708144224/http://childledhomeschool.com/2010/08/14/planning-for-

child-led-learning/

11. ^ Noll, James Wm. (2008). Taking Sides: Clashing Views on Educational Issues 15th ed.

(http://www.amazon.com/Educational-Issues-Taking-Sides-Clashing/dp/0073515205). McGraw-Hill. pp. 25

26. ISBN 10: 0073515205 Check |isbn= value (help).

12. ^ http://www.gurteen.com/gurteen/gurteen.nsf/id/X00046822/

13. ^a

b

J. Scott Armstrong (1979). "The Natural Learning Project"(http://marketing.wharton.upenn.edu/documents/research/Warmaudit31%205.pdf). Journal of Experiential

Learning and Simulation (Elseiver North-Holland, Inc. 1979) 1: 512.

14. ^ Holt, J (1977). Growing Without Schooling.

15. ^ Holt, J (2003 originally published in 1981). Teach Your Own.

16. ^ "Unschooling & Self-Education" (http://www.freechild.org/unschooling.htm). Retrieved 2008-07-15.

17. ^ "Is there a difference between a radical unschooler and just an unschooler?"

(http://sandradodd.com/unschool/radical). Retrieved 2008-07-15.

18. ^ Catherine, Baker (1985). Insoumission l'cole obligatoire. Barrault.

19. ^ Llewellyn, Grace (1991). The Teenage Liberation Handbook. Lowry House.

20. ^ ab Bunday, Karl. "Socialization: A Great Reason Not to Go to School"

(http://learninfreedom.org/socialization.html). Learn in Freedom!. Retrieved 2008-09-04. Unknown parameter|middle= ignored (help)

21. ^ Shyers, Larry. Comparison of Social Adjustment Between Home and Traditionally Schooled Students.

Unknown parameter |middle= ignored (help)

22. ^ Liman, Isabel. "Home Schooling: Back to the Future?" (http://www.educationatlas.com/home-schooling-

- -
http://www.educationatlas.com/home-schooling-information.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unschooling#cite_ref-22http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignoredhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unschooling#cite_ref-21http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignoredhttp://learninfreedom.org/socialization.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unschooling#cite_ref-autogenerated1_20-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unschooling#cite_ref-autogenerated1_20-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unschooling#cite_ref-handbook_19-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unschooling#cite_ref-18http://sandradodd.com/unschool/radicalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unschooling#cite_ref-17http://www.freechild.org/unschooling.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unschooling#cite_ref-16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unschooling#cite_ref-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unschooling#cite_ref-14http://marketing.wharton.upenn.edu/documents/research/Warmaudit31%205.pdfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unschooling#cite_ref-J._Scott_Armstrong_1979_5.E2.80.9312_13-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unschooling#cite_ref-J._Scott_Armstrong_1979_5.E2.80.9312_13-0http://www.gurteen.com/gurteen/gurteen.nsf/id/X00046822/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unschooling#cite_ref-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#bad_isbnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/10:_0073515205http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://www.amazon.com/Educational-Issues-Taking-Sides-Clashing/dp/0073515205http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unschooling#cite_ref-Curriculum_11-0http://web.archive.org/web/20110708144224/http://childledhomeschool.com/2010/08/14/planning-for-child-led-learning/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unschooling#cite_ref-childledhomeschool.com_10-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unschooling#cite_ref-childledhomeschool.com_10-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unschooling#cite_ref-childledhomeschool.com_10-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unschooling#cite_ref-childledhomeschool.com_10-0http://parentconcept.com/learning-through-home-educationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unschooling#cite_ref-9http://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1539-6053.2009.01038.xhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unschooling#cite_ref-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#bad_isbnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/10:_0201484021http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://www.amazon.com/Children-Fail-Classics-Child-Development/dp/0201484021http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unschooling#cite_ref-Fail_7-0http://marketing.wharton.upenn.edu/documents/research/Teacher-vs-Learner-Responsibility.pdfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unschooling#cite_ref-6http://www.iaoed.org/files/prac07e.pdfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unschooling#cite_ref-5http://www.naturalchild.org/jan_hunt/evaluation.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unschooling#cite_ref-Evaluation_4-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unschooling#cite_ref-Evaluation_4-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unschooling#cite_ref-Evaluation_4-0http://www.iaoed.org/files/prac07e.pdfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unschooling#cite_ref-3http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/15148804/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unschooling#cite_ref-autogenerated2_2-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unschooling#cite_ref-autogenerated2_2-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unschooling#cite_ref-autogenerated2_2-0http://www.unschooling.org/fun12_unschooling.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unschooling#cite_ref-fun12_1-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astra_Taylorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunny_Taylorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astra_Taylorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jedediah_Purdyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Kowalkehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken_Robinson_(educationalist)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wendy_Priesnitz


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. . .

23. ^ Bunday, Karl. "Isn't it Natural for Children to be Divided by Age in School?"

(http://learninfreedom.org/age_grading_bad.html). Learn in Freedom!. Retrieved 2008-09-04. Unknown

parameter |middle= ignored (help)

24. ^ abcd Common Objections to Homeschooling (http://www.naturalchild.org/common_objections/), by John

Holt, originally published as Chapter 2 ofTeach Your Own: A Hopeful Path for Education. New York:

Delacorte Press, 1981.

25. ^ abUnspooling Unschooling, by Bonnie Erbe, in "To the Contrary" blog on US News and World Report

website, November 27, 2006

26. ^ ab A new chapter in education: unschooling (http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/15029646/), by VictoriaClayton MSNBC, October 6, 2006

27. ^ Martin-Chang, Sandra; Gould, O.N., & Meuse, R.E. (2011). "The impact of schooling on academic

achievement: Evidence from home-schooled and traditionally-schooled students"

(http://crdh.concordia.ca/researchers/Sandra_Martin-Chang.html). Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science

/Revue Canadienne Des Sciences Du Comportement43: 195202. doi:10.1037/a0022697

(http://dx.doi.org/10.1037%2Fa0022697). Retrieved 7 January 2013.

28. ^ Moore, Raymond and Dorothy Moore (1975). Better Late Than Early: A New Approach to Your Child's

Education (http://www.amazon.com/Better-Late-Than-Early-Education/dp/0883490498).

29. ^Unschooling Leads to Self-Motivated Learning,

http://www.homeschoolnewslink.com/homeschool/columnists/mckee/vol7iss2_UnschoolingLeads.shtml

30. ^ McGrail, Jennifer. "FAQ" (http://www.jennifermcgrail.com/faq/). Unschooling support website. Retrieved 7

January 2013.

31. ^ Bell, Amy. "Amy Bell's Natural Learning Page" (http://lds-ohea.org/natural/page11.htm). Latter Day Saints

Oregon Home Education Association. Retrieved 7 January 2013.

Further reading

Print: books

Mary Griffith (2010). The Unschooling Handbook: How to Use the Whole World As Your Child'sClassroom (http://books.google.com/books?id=7RBGsl3esmgC). Random House, Inc. ISBN 978-0-307-48970-8.Grace Llewelyn (1998). The Teenage Liberation Handbook: How to Quit School and Get a Real

Life and Education (http://www.amazon.com/The-Teenage-Liberation-Handbook-

Education/dp/0962959170). Lowry House Pub.Grace Llewelyn and Amy Silver (2001). Guerrilla Learning: How to Give Your Kids a RealEducation With or Without School (http://www.amazon.com/Guerrilla-Learning-Education-Without-

School/dp/0471349607). Wiley.John Taylor Gatto (2000). The Underground History of American Education: A School Teacher's

Intimate Investigation Into the Problem of Modern Schooling(http://www.amazon.com/Underground-History-American-Education-

Investigation/dp/0945700040/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1368308370&sr=8-1&keywords=the+underground+history+of+american+education). Odysseus Group.The Underground History of American Education by John Taylor Gatto (complete download)(http://www.johntaylorgatto.com/chapters/index.htm)

Print: articles

"Why Schools Don't Educate - Teacher of the Year acceptance speech"

(http://www.naturalchild.org/guest/john_gatto.html)Everything We Think About Schooling Is Wrong!(http://www.ttfuture.org/files/2/pdf/gotto_interview.pdf) Interview with Gatto (PDF file download)"Institutional Schooling Must Be Destroyed" (http://www.school-survival.net/articles/school/history/Institutional_schooling_must_be_destroyed.php)
http://www.educationatlas.com/home-schooling-information.htmlhttp://www.school-survival.net/articles/school/history/Institutional_schooling_must_be_destroyed.phphttp://www.ttfuture.org/files/2/pdf/gotto_interview.pdfhttp://www.naturalchild.org/guest/john_gatto.htmlhttp://www.johntaylorgatto.com/chapters/index.htmhttp://www.amazon.com/Underground-History-American-Education-Investigation/dp/0945700040/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1368308370&sr=8-1&keywords=the+underground+history+of+american+educationhttp://www.amazon.com/Guerrilla-Learning-Education-Without-School/dp/0471349607http://www.amazon.com/The-Teenage-Liberation-Handbook-Education/dp/0962959170http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-307-48970-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://books.google.com/books?id=7RBGsl3esmgChttp://lds-ohea.org/natural/page11.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unschooling#cite_ref-Bell_31-0http://www.jennifermcgrail.com/faq/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unschooling#cite_ref-McGrail_30-0http://www.homeschoolnewslink.com/homeschool/columnists/mckee/vol7iss2_UnschoolingLeads.shtmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unschooling#cite_ref-29http://www.amazon.com/Better-Late-Than-Early-Education/dp/0883490498http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unschooling#cite_ref-28http://dx.doi.org/10.1037%2Fa0022697http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifierhttp://crdh.concordia.ca/researchers/Sandra_Martin-Chang.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unschooling#cite_ref-Martin-Chang_27-0http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/15029646/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unschooling#cite_ref-Clayton_26-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unschooling#cite_ref-Clayton_26-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_News_and_World_Reporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonnie_Erbehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unschooling#cite_ref-Unspooling_25-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unschooling#cite_ref-Unspooling_25-0http://www.naturalchild.org/common_objections/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unschooling#cite_ref-Objections_24-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unschooling#cite_ref-Objections_24-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unschooling#cite_ref-Objections_24-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unschooling#cite_ref-Objections_24-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignoredhttp://learninfreedom.org/age_grading_bad.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unschooling#cite_ref-23http://www.educationatlas.com/home-schooling-information.html


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"The Tyranny Of Compulsory Schooling" (http://www.school-survival.net/articles/school/history/The_tyranny_of_compulsory_schooling.php)

Kinza Academy (http://www.kinzaacademy.com), Homeschooling with the Classics. Gatto is on theAdvisory Board.Collection of essays (http://www.homeschoolnewslink.com/homeschool/columnists/gatto.shtml)Gatto is a regular columnist for The Link Homeschool Newspaper

Transcript of radio interview with Jerry Brown(http://www.wtp.org/archive/transcripts/john_taylor_gatto.html)

"Against School" (http://www.wesjones.com/gatto1.htm) originally published inHarper'sMagazine, September 2003

"The Six-Lesson Schoolteacher" (http://www.cantrip.org/gatto.html) originally published in WholeEarth Review, Fall 1991A set of quotes from Gatto and links to original essays

(http://www.noogenesis.com/game_theory/Gatto/Gatto.html)"The Public School Nightmare: Why fix a system designed to destroy individual thought?"(http://www.diablovalleyschool.org/nightmare.shtml), article published by Diablo Valley School"A Short Angry History of American Forced Schooling"

(http://www.4Brevard.com/choice/Public_Education.htm)

Book reviews (http://layla.miltsov.org/reviews/#gatto) by Layla ARA set of quotes from Gatto and links to original essays(http://www.noogenesis.com/game_theory/Gatto/Gatto.html)

External links

Websites

Unschooling

(http://www.dmoz.org/Reference/Education/K_through_12/Home_Schooling/Unschooling//) at theOpen Directory ProjectJoyce Fetteroll's unschooling site (http://joyfullyrejoycing.com/)

John Holt - Growing Without Schooling Archive (http://www.johnholtgws.com/growing-without-schooling-issue-archive/)The Lew Rockwell Show, Aug 25, 2010 (http://www.lewrockwell.com/lewrockwell-show/2010/08/24/157-we-dont-need-no-education-we-dont-need-no-thought-control-no-dark-

sarcasm-in-the-classroom-teachers-leave-them-kids-alone/)John Taylor Gatto (http://www.johntaylorgatto.com)

Organizations

Unschool Adventures (http://www.unschooladventures.com/)

Camp With Wings, Australia (http://www.campwithwings.org/)Homeschool Resource Centers (http://www.educationrevolution.org/homrescen1.html)

Videos

The Board of Education (2012) (http://www.imdb.com/title/tt2302859/)

Video of Gatto interview, broken into topic sections (http://www.edflix.org/gatto.htm)Do Schools Kill Creativity TED Talk by Sir Ken Robinson (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iG9CE55wbtY)PBSIndependent Lens: A Touch of Greatness

(http://www.pbs.org/independentlens/touchofgreatness/teacher.html)Surfwise (2007) (http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0479547/)
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0479547/http://www.pbs.org/independentlens/touchofgreatness/teacher.htmlhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iG9CE55wbtYhttp://www.edflix.org/gatto.htmhttp://www.imdb.com/title/tt2302859/http://www.educationrevolution.org/homrescen1.htmlhttp://www.campwithwings.org/http://www.unschooladventures.com/http://www.johntaylorgatto.com/http://www.lewrockwell.com/lewrockwell-show/2010/08/24/157-we-dont-need-no-education-we-dont-need-no-thought-control-no-dark-sarcasm-in-the-classroom-teachers-leave-them-kids-alone/http://www.johnholtgws.com/growing-without-schooling-issue-archive/http://joyfullyrejoycing.com/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Directory_Projecthttp://www.dmoz.org/Reference/Education/K_through_12/Home_Schooling/Unschooling//http://www.noogenesis.com/game_theory/Gatto/Gatto.htmlhttp://layla.miltsov.org/reviews/#gattohttp://www.4brevard.com/choice/Public_Education.htmhttp://www.diablovalleyschool.org/nightmare.shtmlhttp://www.noogenesis.com/game_theory/Gatto/Gatto.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whole_Earth_Reviewhttp://www.cantrip.org/gatto.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harper%27s_Magazinehttp://www.wesjones.com/gatto1.htmhttp://www.wtp.org/archive/transcripts/john_taylor_gatto.htmlhttp://www.homeschoolnewslink.com/homeschool/columnists/gatto.shtmlhttp://www.kinzaacademy.com/http://www.school-survival.net/articles/school/history/The_tyranny_of_compulsory_schooling.php


10/10


4th Purpose Promo (http://www.nicolefilms.com/vidpg_4thpurpose.html) Trailer for The FourthPurpose

Collection of John Taylor Gatto quotes and videos(http://www.awakenedamerican.com/thinkers/john-taylor-gatto-quotes)

Audio

Unschooler Experiment Podcast (http://www.unschooler.com/category/the-unschooler-

experiment/podcasts/)School Sucks Project (http://schoolsucksproject.com/)Speech at a home schooling Conference by Radio for Peace (http://www.radio4all.net/index.php?op=program-info&program_id=8005&nav=&) (MP3)

Bartleby Project 2010 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ev7Y-XbapLc) on YouTube

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Unschooling&oldid=568869645"

Categories: Homeschooling Pedagogy Philosophy of education Alternative education

Deschooling and criticism of the school system

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