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www.vlaanderen.be/informatievlaanderen
Unlocking the full potential of location-based services: Linked Data driven Web APIs
Open Standards for Linked Organisations about
Raf Buyle – Ziggy Vanlishout
Informatie Vlaanderen
308 municipalities
2068 private
partners
6.4 M citizens
978 public
partners
Federal & 3
regions
EU
At the crossroads
E-government driven by Semantical and Technical interoperability
Open Standards for Linked Organisations
@rafke
Building upon existing interoperability initiatives
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OSLOPERSON
VOCABULARY
OSLOBUSINESS
VOCABULARY
OSLOROAD
VOCABULARY
OSLOORGANISATIONVOCABULARY
OSLODCAT-AP VL
VOCABULARY
W3CInternationalStandards
EU ISA COREVocabulariesand INSPIRE
Local OSLOExtensions
Public Working Groupswith:
> EU - ISA²
> Federal Government
> Regional Government
> Local Government
> Industry
> Academia
… and more
https://data.vlaanderen.be/ns/
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> Person
> Organisation
> Address
> Building
> Road
> Public Service
> Transactional Services
> Civic issue tracking
> Notification
> Consent (GDPR)
> Contact preferences
> Government Grants
> Public Domain
> Local Decisions
> Political Mandate
> Governance Body empowered by Parliament
> A process and method for developing data standards (ISA²/W3C…)
> Triple Helix approach: Government, Private Sector, Academia
Governance model
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Governance
1 16 130 1000+
Domain models
Contributors Definitions
Collaborative development
Public review of a candidate standard
Build reference implementations
Acknowledge + publishas standard
Technical Interoperability
The Semantic Web as an interoperability facilitator
@rafke
Bridging the gap between models and implementationTwo distinct use cases
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Base registries
• Unique identification of objects
• Exposed via data standards
Business oriented web services
• Querying, editing and transforming data
• From different sources
• To meet business use cases
1. Embed semantics into data formats
2. Validation of data resources based on semantic models
3. Building a generic hypermedia client
How can we lower costs for data and service integration?
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The Web as a Blueprint
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The Web as a Blueprint
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http://bit.ly/joinup_uri
Persistent identifiers: URIs
Links to other information
Dereference-able HTTP URIs
Standardised information (RDF)
http://data.vlaanderen.be/id/adres/3706808
Koningin Maria Hendrikaplein 70, 9000 Gent
The Web as a Blueprint
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Persistent identifiers: URIs
Links to other information
Dereference-able HTTP URIs
Standardised information (RDF)
http://data.vlaanderen.be/id/adres/3706808
Machine friendlyHuman
Readable
The Web as a Blueprint
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Persistent identifiers: URIs
Links to other information
Dereference-able HTTP URIs
Standardised information (RDF)
https://data.vlaanderen.be/ns/adres
https://www.w3.org/ns/locn#adminUnitL2
The Web as a Blueprint
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Persistent identifiers: URIs
Links to other information
Dereference-able HTTP URIs
Standardised information (RDF)
http://data.vlaanderen.be/id/adres/3706808
data.vlaanderen.be/id/organisatie/OVO002949
Koningin Maria Hendrikaplein 709000 Gent
Agentschap Informatie Vlaanderen
There is more to publishing linked data than data dumps and SPARQL endpoints
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Source: http://linkeddatafragments.org
high server efforthigh client effort
JSON Linked Data (JSON-LD)
✓ A developer friendly Linked Data format, based on the successful JSON format
✓ Machine interpretable semantics through “context file”
✓ 100% compatible with JSON and easy to retrofit
× No formal, standardised method for data validation
× Semantics about data are machine readable, service methods and operations are not
Syntactical interoperability and embedding semantics into services.
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Upgrading existing web servicesRetrofitting semantics using JSON-LD
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{
"@context": {
"Picnictable": "http://data.vlaanderen.be/ns/openbaardomein/infrastructuurelement#Picknicktafel",
"identificator": "http://www.w3.org/ns/adms#identifier",
"geometrie": {
"@id": "http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#geometry",
"@type": "http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#wktLiteral>"
},
"Point": "http://www.opengis.net/ont/sf#Point",
"coordinates": "http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#asWKT"
},
"@id": "https://example.org/graphs/picknicktable-1234",
"@type" : "Picnictable",
"geometrie" : {"type":"Point","coordinates":"POINT(3.712,51.0248)"},
}
Shared context for new servicesAutomatically derived from RDF vocabularies
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{
"@context": "http://data.vlaanderen.be/context/infrastructuur.jsonld"
"@id": "https://example.org/graphs/picknicktable-1234",
"@type" : "Picnictable",
"geometrie" : {"type":"Point","coordinates":"POINT(3.712,51.0248)"},
}
✓ Shapes Constraint Language
✓ W3C Recommendation since 20 July 2017
✓ A standard for validating RDF data against a set of constraints
(cardinalities, domain, range, code lists,…)
✓ SHACL files available for all Vocabularies & Application Profiles
Data validation using SHACL
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> As-is: data is semantically annotated using web standards, but the operations and methods for using the data through APIs are not
> Problem: still high integration costs due to the need for bespoke connectors between API’s to exchange information in real time.
> To-be: standardisation of frequently used methods (pagination, querying, CRUD,…) using Hypermedia and API standards/best practices.
Towards generic Hypermedia-driven API clients
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Generic hypermedia clients
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Wrap-up: end-to-end process
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And reusable tooling
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OSLO² UML modelling using Smart Tags containing labels, definitions and pointers to re-used vocabularies (URIs).
Model
UML is transformed to RDF (Turtle) using an EA-to-RDF tool (OSS)Transform
Generation of HTML spec (vocabulary and application profile), JSON-LD context and SHACL using the OSLO Specification Generator
Specs
Validation using Ontology Pitfall Scanner, Turtle syntax validator and JSON-LD validator. Published on Github and data.vlaanderen.be
Publish
www.vlaanderen.be/informatievlaanderen
Come to
TrefdagDigitaalVlaanderen
29/11/2018 ICC Ghent