university of toronto school of continuing studies a...
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University of Toronto School of Continuing Studies
A Conceptual Overview of E-Business Technologies
Day 6 - Conceptual Overview of E-Business Technologies
n Software Solutions for E-Business
l Programming Languages for E-Commerce
l Search Engines
n “Thinking Beyond the Box” Case Study Series:
l Open Text Preferred Listings
Programming Languages for E-Commerce
n Front-end Publishing Languages
l PDF, HTML, DHTML and Style Sheets
n Data Content Driven Language
l XML
n Back-end Process Languages
l Microsoft: Active Server Page, C#, Visual Basic UNIX: CGI, Java Server Pages, JavaScript (discussed on Day 4)
l SOAP and BizTalk
PDF – Portable Document File
n Proprietary format from Adobe
n Best suited for distributing complex documents
n Preservation of original style, format etc.
n Can’t be modified, tampered with if protected
n Standardizing the format layouts
n Adobe Acrobot Reader is freely available under www.adobe.com
l come with UNIX, Mac, Windows and Windows CE versions
l no charge for viewing the documents
HTML – Hypertext Markup Language
n Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is the standard formatting language for Web pages
n Most prevalent form of web pages is HTML.
n Both Microsoft I.E. and Netscape Communicator support it.
n HTML 4.01 is the latest version
n You need a HTML editor such as MS-FrontPage to create HTML documents
n MS-Word, MS-Excel, MS-Access and MS-PowerPoint can export HTML
Demo - A Simple HTML File (DemoHTML.htm)
n <html>
n <head>
n <title>
n <body>
n <IMG SRC = “dog.jpg” border = 0>
n <A HREF=“second.htm”> second page </A>
n background="_background.gif“
n valign="top" width="1%”
n face="Arial, Helvetica“
n border="0"
Other Common HTML Tags
Inserts a form in the document <form> </form>
Inserts a table in the document<table> </table>
Indicates that the text is underlined<u> </u>
Indicates that the text within is italicized<i> </i>
Indicates that the text within is emphasized<b> </b>
Indicates a cut in the flow going to next line<br>
Inserts a horizontal line<hr>
Delimits the beginning and end of unordered list<li> </li>
Delimits a paragraph with a blank line<p> </p>
Specifies the size of heading from 1 (large) to 6<hn> </hn>
Indicates the main part of web page<body> </body>
Indicate the title ; not displayed on web page<title> </title>
Specifies the beginning and end of header<head> </head>
Marks the beginning of the document and end<html> </html>
DHTML – Dynamic Hypertext Markup Language
n Dynamic behavior of a web page can be created using JavaScript, VBScript, Document Object Model (DOM), and Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)
n Features Highlights
l Event-driven animation in response to user input
l CSS providing uniform look and feel
l Support both absolute positioning and relative positioning
n Supported by IE and Netscape 4.x or up
Additional HTML Tags for DHTML
n Tags <div> and <span>
l <div> become a generic container
l <span> is used to specify the portion of a page that required additional formatting
Elements that DHTML can control
n Ability to hide and unhide portions of pages
n Ability to include animation effects upon texts or images
DHTML Events
n OnBlur
n OnFocus
n OnLoad
n OnAbort
n OnChange
n OnClick
n OnError
n OnKeyDown
Demo - A Simple DHTML File (DemoDHTML.htm)
n <script>
n style="position: relative !important"
n ondblclick="dynAnimOut(this)"
n language="Javascript1.2“
n script file
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)
n Designers will create style sheets and apply them to any web pages with a site
n Developers can define their own classes
Advantages of CSS
n Separate the style and layout of HTML files from their informational content
n Provides relative measurement for any size of monitor screen or resolution
n Enable companies to implement a house look and feel on their site, promote branding
n Improve the printing of web documents instead of having unpredictable HTML transfer to paper
n Enable access to the web for people with disabilities (larger fonts, variation of colors)
Demo - Cascading Style Sheets (DemoCSS.htm)
n <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="Demo.css">
n Change H1 to H2
Web Site Design and Optimization
n Before starting any web projects, you should consider:
l Browser support and use of standards
l Style sheets
l Dynamic HTML
l Support for the scripting language
Web Site Design and Optimization (cont.)
n Page Content
l Optimize size of the page, use of client side scripts CSS and images
n Page Generation
l Server response time, hardware based accelerators, web and database server resource allocation
n Page Delivery
l Content delivery network, content caching, local and internet bandwidth
Web Site Design and Optimization (cont.)
n Web site features that annoy users
l Links give error reports – 401 errors
l Pages too slow to load or site time-out.
l Forced users to download plug-ins
l Poorly named links
l Too many clicks
l Crowed or confusing layout
l No skip button at flash introduction
l No search feature
Web Publishing
n Stored all the HTML pages on the web servers
n Publishing methods
l FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
l FrontPage Extension
XML – eXtensible Markup Language (XML)
Querying - XPath node properties can be used to search an XML source while XQuery
provides features for retrieving and interpreting information from an XML source
XPath and XML Query
Programming - Object model for programmatically working with XML documents
in memory
Document Object Model (DOM)
Structure - Defines the required structure of a valid XML document
XML Schema Definition language
(XSD)
Appearance - Transforms the content of a XML document into another document that is
different in format or structure
eXtensible Style Sheet (XSL)
Content - Used for describing and exchanging structured documents and data on the Internet.
eXtensible Markup Language (XML)
Demo – eXtensible Markup Language
n XML with XSL and CSS
l Showing how a e-Learning site is built upon XML
n DTD and XSD schema
l Showing XML files that comply to a DTD and an XSD
SOAP and BizTalk
n SOAP – Simple Object Access protocol
l Developed by Microsoft
l Specify how to encode an HTTP header and an XML file so that a program in one computer can call a program in another computer and pass information
n BizTalk
l Also developed by Microsoft, supported by B2B vendors such as SAP and CommerceOne
l A framework of published XML schemas to allow integration between business processes across enterprises
Web Service ProxyWeb Service Proxy
What is XML Web Services?
n XML Web Services allow service calls to be invoked and serviced by simply passing SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) coded XML documents with HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) across the Internet.
COM Client onCOM Client onWindows / IIS PlatformWindows / IIS Platform
SOAP 1.1SOAP 1.1
XML documents over HTTP POST request with SOAPAction HTTP header
HTTP and IPHTTP and IP
Web Service ProxyWeb Service Proxy
JavaBeanJavaBean serving onserving onJ2EE / Apache PlatformJ2EE / Apache Platform
SOAP 1.1SOAP 1.1
HTTP and IPHTTP and IP
SOAP Envelop inan XML document
XML documents over HTTP POST request with SOAPAction HTTP header
XML Web Services Empowered Web Sites
MainframeMainframeUser User
BrowserBrowser
Web Serveracts as
SOAP clients
Web Serveracts as
SOAP clients
COBOL applications
COBOL applications
.NET/ Javaserver-side
components
.NET/ Javaserver-side
components
InternetInternet
n SOAP is the primary technology that implements XML Web Services
n SOAP is the primary technology that implements XML Web Services
SOAP servers acts as COBOL
application proxy
SOAP servers acts as COBOL
application proxy
Web Application ServerWeb Application ServerXML messagesXML messages
Additional Resources
n For XML, CSS, HTML, SOAP and BizTalk
l http://www.xml101.com
l http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS
l http://www.segment7.net/tutorial/HTML4.html
l http:// www.w3schools.com/soap
l http://www.microsoft.com/biztalk/
Day 6 - Conceptual Overview of E-Business Technologies
n Software Solutions for E-Business
l Programming Languages for E-Commerce
l Search Engines
n “Thinking Beyond the Box” Case Study Series:
l Open Text Preferred Listings
Search Engines
n Intra-site search engine
n Inter-site search engine
Intra-site Search Engine
n Index web pages with in a web site
l for example, Microsoft Index Server -Come with Windows NT/ 2000/2003 Servers- Full-text indexing on text, HTML, Word, Excel, PPT files- Query by properties- "Fuzzy" queries- Advanced searches (e.g. <, =, >, AND, OR, NOT)- Customizable query forms-Zero maintenance- Multiple language support
Inter-site Search Engine
n Index web pages across multiple web sites
n Spiders or Crawlers or Web bots (software robots)
l collect and search URLs, titles and web headings
Page 175, E-commerce – Business. Technology. Society. By Kenneth C. Laudon and Carol Guercio Traver
Indexing a Search Engine
n Periodic scanning
n Nature of the site
n Submission
What does the Spider program look for?
n Header
l Title
l Keyword
l Description
n Body
l The linguistic patterns within the page body
Different Types of Search
Ask.comNatural Language Search
“computer virus”Concept Search
* ?Wild card Search
America NEAR warmingProximity Search
“acid rain”Phrase Search
AND ORBoolean Searching
Popular Search Engines
n Listed by Popularity in 2003
l Google – www.google.caAOL – search.aol.com – Google engineNetscape – search.netscape.com – Google engine
l Yahoo – search.yahoo.comOverture – brought by Yahoo in 2004AltaVista – brought by Overture in 2003
l MSN – search.msn.com
l AskJeeves – www.askjeeves.comLycos – www.lycos.com – AskJeeves engine
Search Strategy
1. Try with an explorative phrase first
n so that you get an idea what keywords or phases to search
2. Choose a suitable search engine that relevant
n Excite – very commercialized; Altavista – more comprehensive; Lycos – more focus; Yahoo! – more like a business directory
3. Given you have a list of phrases you know, make a search on the relevant search engine
Day 6 - Conceptual Overview of E-Business Technologies
n Software Solutions for E-Business
l Programming Languages for E-Commerce
l Search Engines
n “Thinking Beyond the Box” Case Study Series:
l Open Text Preferred Listings
“Thinking Beyond the Box” Case Study Series:
n Open Text Preferred Listings
l In general, how can companies make money on the Web?
l What are the common pricing models in the Internet?
l You as a company, how can you measure the effectiveness of a search engine, which you have paid for?
Home Readings
n E-Commerce - Business, Technology, Society:
l Chapter 3.4 - 3.5, 8.1 - 8.3
l Read Case: Metropolitan Life Insurance: E-Commerce
l Review Chapter 12 and 7.3
“Thinking Beyond the Box” Case Study Series:
n Metropolitan Life Insurance: E-Commerce
l How can MetLife’s Interactive Commerce Department build profits from its Internet efforts?
l What are the issues involved in delivering a profitable (and successful) E-Commerce strategy?