university of minnesota information technology in healthcare medical industry leadership institute...
TRANSCRIPT
University of MinnesotaInformation Technology in
Healthcare Medical Industry Leadership Institute
Course: MILI/PUBH 6562Fall Semester B, 2013
David L. Edgerton, Jr., BSEE, MBAInstructor
Health IT Hardware Overview
• Computer Components• Virtual Components Tour• Evolution of Health IT Processing • Network Fundamentals• Data Switches for the Health Internet
The Health IT Pyramid
Hardware
Decision Support Software
Life Support Software
Clinical & Financial Data
‘Hands On’ Components of Health Information Technology
Major Components of a Computer System
Input Output1. Arithmetic/Logic2. Control Unit3. Registers
Secondary Storage
Primary Storage
CPU
Information
Control
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
• Arithmetic/Logic Unit– e.g., if diagnosis=‘diabetes’ then count patient
• Control Unit– home of the machine code
• Registers– place-holders within the CPU as it processes data.
Primary Storage
• Core memory:– Read-only memory– Random-access memory– Cache memory
• Started off being very expensive• Extremely cheap today relatively to a few
years ago (32 MB, $1,280 in 1993; 32 MB, <$1 in 2012)
Secondary Storage
• Magnetic disks (e.g., Hard drives)• Magnetic tapes (e.g., Tape drives) • Optical disks– CD (700 MB)– DVD (4,300 or 4.3 GB)– Blu-Ray (25/50 GB)
• Smart cards• Solid state drives (e.g., SSD / USB drives)
Input Devices
• Keyboard• Pointing device– mouse– trackball– pointing stick
• Scanner• Handwriting recognition devices• Voice input
Output Devices
• Printer– Dot matrix– Laser– Inkjet
• Monitor• Speakers
MotionActivatedSecurity
QuadProcessorServers
SatelliteUplink
Welcome to Prof. Parente’s Enterprise Servers
Secondary StorageDual Mainframe Tape Drives
Secondary Storage: Mainframe Tape Drive
One of Eight Server Fans
I/O Peripheral Slots
Dual Processors & Heat Sinks
Basic PC Entrails
CPU
Connecting the Computer to Input & Output Devices
Keyboard
Serial Ports
SCSI Port
Speaker & MIC
Video Port
Network Port
Secondary Storage II
Floppy Drive
Hard Drive
Secondary Storage III
SCSI/SATAHard Drive
DVD
Primary Storage
RAM
PeripheralSlots
Power Supply Backup & Modem
Modem
UninterruptablePower Supply(UPS)
Central Mainframe
1970s - Setting the Stage for Bigger Things
• Hardware innovations opened up new opportunities:– On-line computer systems– Still used batch for big jobs (payroll)
• Minicomputers • Packaged systems
1970s - continued• Packages developed:
– accounts receivable– admissions– bed census– inventory control– medical records
• Turn-key packages: Vendor supplies hardware, software, installation support and training.
• Shared systems– use a ‘hub’– use terminals– forerunner of networks
1980s• Microcomputers make rapid advances• Institutions faced with more managers wanting
systems tailored to their needs.• Led to Balkanization of HMIS. Why?– Technology is cheap– Hospital departments start buying their own stuff– Although stuff was cheap, the new product cycle
rapidly accelerated.
1990s-Realizing integrated IS• Radical market change in health markets has
completed radical in IT change.– mergers– integrated delivery systems – Health reform’s promise, threat and debris– Health data standards– Internet/intranet capability– Privacy & security issues– Consumers enter the health care market informed with
MEDLINE data and clinical data from the web.
Intel processor mainstream purchase timeline: 1981-2000
• 1981: 8 bit XT 8086• 1987: 16 bit AT 80286• 1990: 16 bit 80386• 1993: 32 bit 80486• 1995: Pentium (80586)• 1997: Pentium MMX/Pentium Pro (80686)• 1998: Pentium II (80686 w/MMX)• 1999: Pentium III (80686 Slot 2)• 2000: Pentium IV above 1 Ghz.
Overview of Networks
• Central Mainframe Configuration• Client/Server Computing• File/Server Architecture• Distributed Data Processing
Central Mainframe
Client/Server
HSI Client-Server Platform
Cooling Fans
RAID Disk Array,6 Drive Bays
RAID Defined:
Redundant Array of
Inexpensive Disks
File Server
Distributed Data Processing
Network Topologies
• Bus topology
• Ring Topology
• Star Topology
Software Fundamentals
• Programming Languages• System Management Software– Operating systems– Utility programs
• Application Software– General office suite– Statistical analysis– Custom, visual programming design tools
Programming Language Evolution
Generation Characteristics
1 Machine Language (0,1)
2 Assembly Language
3 Procedural Language
4 Application Language
5 Natural Language
System Management Software
• Operating Systems– UNIX– LINUX–Microsoft (Windows XP, Vista, Server 7)
• Utility programs– File management– Anti-virus– Backup and security
Internet Networking 101
• LAN (local area network)• WAN (wide area network)• EDI (electronic data interchange)• TCP/IP (Internet protocol)• TCP (Transmission control protocol)
Circuit switching
The IS-way: Packet Switching
Multicasting