university of engineering and technology taxila ref::national taiwanocean university...

REF::NATIONAL TAIWANOCEAN UNIVERSITYREF::NATIONAL TAIWANOCEAN UNIVERSITY國立台灣海洋大學國立台灣海洋大學

University Of Engineering And Technology TaxilaUniversity Of Engineering And Technology Taxila

Chapter 3Chapter 3JUMP, LOOP and CALL JUMP, LOOP and CALL InstructionsInstructions

OutlinesOutlines

Loop instructionsLoop instructions Conditional jump instructionsConditional jump instructions Conditions determining conditional jumpConditions determining conditional jump Unconditional long & short jumpsUnconditional long & short jumps Calculate target addresses for jumpsCalculate target addresses for jumps SubroutinesSubroutines Using stack in subroutinesUsing stack in subroutines Crystal frequency vs. machine cycleCrystal frequency vs. machine cycle Code programs to generate time delayCode programs to generate time delay

LoopingLooping

Loop inside a Loop (Nested Loop)Loop inside a Loop (Nested Loop)

8051 Conditional Jump Instructions8051 Conditional Jump Instructions

Conditional Jump ExampleConditional Jump Example

Unconditional Jump InstructionsUnconditional Jump Instructions

All conditional jumps are short jumpsAll conditional jumps are short jumps– Target address within -128 to +127 of PCTarget address within -128 to +127 of PC

LJMPLJMP (long jump): 3-byte instruction (long jump): 3-byte instruction– 2-byte target address: 0000 to FFFFH2-byte target address: 0000 to FFFFH– Original 8051 has only 4KB on-chip ROMOriginal 8051 has only 4KB on-chip ROM

SJMPSJMP (short jump): 2-byte instruction (short jump): 2-byte instruction– 1-byte relative address: -128 to +1271-byte relative address: -128 to +127

Call InstructionsCall Instructions

LCALLLCALL (long call): 3-byte instruction (long call): 3-byte instruction– 2-byte address2-byte address– Target address within 64K-byte rangeTarget address within 64K-byte range

ACALLACALL (absolute call): 2-byte instruction (absolute call): 2-byte instruction– 11-bit address11-bit address– Target address within 2K-byte rangeTarget address within 2K-byte range

LCALLLCALL

CALL Instruction & Role of StackCALL Instruction & Role of Stack

Calling SubroutinesCalling Subroutines

ACALL (absolute call)ACALL (absolute call)

Programming EfficientlyProgramming Efficiently

Time Delay Generation & CalculationTime Delay Generation & Calculation

1 instruction = 1 instruction = nn machine cycle machine cycle 1 machine cycle = 12 clock cycles1 machine cycle = 12 clock cycles

Delay CalculationDelay Calculation

Delay Calculation ExampleDelay Calculation Example

Increasing Delay Using NOPIncreasing Delay Using NOP

Large Delay Using Nested LoopLarge Delay Using Nested Loop



Chapter 6Chapter 6Arithmetic Instructions and Arithmetic Instructions and ProgramsPrograms

OutlinesOutlines Range of numbers in 8051 unsigned dataRange of numbers in 8051 unsigned data Addition & subtraction instructions for unsigned Addition & subtraction instructions for unsigned

datadata BCD system of data representationBCD system of data representation Packed and unpacked BCD dataPacked and unpacked BCD data Addition & subtraction on BCD dataAddition & subtraction on BCD data Range of numbers in 8051 signed dataRange of numbers in 8051 signed data Signed data arithmetic instructionsSigned data arithmetic instructions Carry & overflow problems & correctionsCarry & overflow problems & corrections

Addition of Unsigned NumbersAddition of Unsigned Numbers

ADDADD A, sourceA, source ; A = A + source; A = A + source

ADDC & Addition of 16-bit NumbersADDC & Addition of 16-bit Numbers 13C E73B 8D78 74

+

BCD Number SystemBCD Number System

Unpacked BCD: 1 byteUnpacked BCD: 1 byte Packed BCD: 4 bitsPacked BCD: 4 bits

Adding BCD Numbers & DA InstructionAdding BCD Numbers & DA Instruction

MOVMOV A,#17HA,#17H

ADDADD A,#28HA,#28H

MOVMOV A,#47HA,#47H ;A=47H first BCD operand;A=47H first BCD operandMOVMOV B,#25HB,#25H ;B=25 second BCD operand;B=25 second BCD operand

ADDADD A,BA,B ;hex (binary) addition (A=6CH);hex (binary) addition (A=6CH)

DADA AA ;adjust for BCD addition (A=72H);adjust for BCD addition (A=72H)

HEXHEX BCDBCD

2929 0010 10010010 1001

++ 1818 + + 0001 10000001 1000

4141 0100 00010100 0001 AC=1AC=1

++ 6 6 + + 0110 0110

4747 0100 01110100 0111

Subtraction of Unsigned NumbersSubtraction of Unsigned Numbers

SUBBSUBB A, sourceA, source ; A = A – source – C; A = A – source – CYY

SUBB when CY = 0SUBB when CY = 0– Take 2’s complement of subtraend (source)Take 2’s complement of subtraend (source)– Add it to minuendAdd it to minuend– Invert carryInvert carry

Example (Positive Result)Example (Positive Result)

Example (Negative Result)Example (Negative Result)

SUBB When CY = 1SUBB When CY = 1 For multibyte numbersFor multibyte numbers

Multiplication of Unsigned NumbersMultiplication of Unsigned Numbers

MULMUL ABAB ; A ; A B, place 16-bit result in B and A B, place 16-bit result in B and A

MOVMOV A,#25HA,#25H ;load 25H to reg. A;load 25H to reg. A

MOVMOV B,#65HB,#65H ;load 65H in reg. B;load 65H in reg. B

MULMUL ABAB ;25H * 65H = E99 where;25H * 65H = E99 where

;B = 0EH and A = 99H;B = 0EH and A = 99H

Table 6-1:Unsigned Multiplication Summary (MUL AB)Table 6-1:Unsigned Multiplication Summary (MUL AB)

MultiplicationMultiplication Operand 1Operand 1 Operand 2Operand 2 ResultResult

byte byte bytebyte AA BB A=low byte,A=low byte,

B=high byteB=high byte

Division of Unsigned NumbersDivision of Unsigned Numbers

DIVDIV ABAB ; divide A by B; divide A by B

MOVMOV A,#95HA,#95H ;load 95 into A;load 95 into A

MOVMOV B,#10HB,#10H ;load 10 into B;load 10 into B

DIVDIV ABAB ;now A = 09 (quotient) and ;now A = 09 (quotient) and

;B = 05 (remainder);B = 05 (remainder)

Table 6-2:Unsigned Division Summary (DIV AB)Table 6-2:Unsigned Division Summary (DIV AB)

DivisionDivision NumeratorNumerator DenominatorDenominator QuotientQuotient RemainderRemainder

byte / bytebyte / byte AA BB AA BB

Example ( 1 of 2 )Example ( 1 of 2 )

Example ( 2 of 2 )Example ( 2 of 2 )

Signed 8-bit OperandsSigned 8-bit Operands

Covert to 2’s complementCovert to 2’s complement– Write magnitude of number in 8-bit binary (no Write magnitude of number in 8-bit binary (no

sign)sign)– Invert each bitInvert each bit– Add 1 to itAdd 1 to it

ExampleExample

Byte-sized Signed Numbers RangesByte-sized Signed Numbers RangesDecimalDecimal BinaryBinary HexHex

-128-128 1000 00001000 0000 8080

-127-127 1000 00011000 0001 8181

-126-126 1000 00101000 0010 8282

…….. …………………… ....

-2-2 1111 11101111 1110 FEFE

-1-1 1111 11111111 1111 FFFF

00 0000 00000000 0000 0000

+1+1 0000 00010000 0001 0101

+2+2 0000 00100000 0010 0202

…… …………………… ......

+127+127 0111 11110111 1111 7F7F

Overflow in Signed Number OperationsOverflow in Signed Number Operations

When Is the OV Flag Set?When Is the OV Flag Set?

Either: there is a carry from D6 to D7 but Either: there is a carry from D6 to D7 but no carry out of D7 (CY = 0)no carry out of D7 (CY = 0)

Or: there is a carry from D7 out (CY = 1) Or: there is a carry from D7 out (CY = 1) but no carry from D6 to D7but no carry from D6 to D7

ExampleExample



Chapter 7Chapter 7LOGIC INSTRUCTIONS LOGIC INSTRUCTIONS AND PROGRAMSAND PROGRAMS

OutlinesOutlines

Define the truth tables for logic functions AND, OR, Define the truth tables for logic functions AND, OR, XORXOR

Code 8051 Assembly language logic function instructionsCode 8051 Assembly language logic function instructions Use 8051 logic instructions for bit manipulationUse 8051 logic instructions for bit manipulation Use compare and jump instructions for program controlUse compare and jump instructions for program control Code 8051 rotate and swap instructionsCode 8051 rotate and swap instructions Code 8051 programs for ASCII and BCD data conversionCode 8051 programs for ASCII and BCD data conversion

ANDAND

XX YY X AND YX AND Y

00 00 00

00 11 00

11 00 00

11 11 11

ANL destination, source ;dest = dest AND sourceANL destination, source ;dest = dest AND source

ORORORL destination, source ;dest = dest OR sourceORL destination, source ;dest = dest OR source


00 00 00

00 11 11

11 00 11

11 11 11

XORXORXRL destination, source ;dest = dest XOR sourceXRL destination, source ;dest = dest XOR source


00 00 00

00 11 11

11 00 11

11 11 00

XRL A,#04H ;EX-OR A with 0000 0100

XORXOR

CPL (complement accumulator)CPL (complement accumulator)MOVMOV A,#55HA,#55H

CPLCPL AA ;now A=AAH;now A=AAH

;0101 0101(55H) becomes ;0101 0101(55H) becomes ;1010 1010 (AAH);1010 1010 (AAH)

Compare instructionCompare instructionCJNE destination, source ,relative addressCJNE destination, source ,relative address

Table 7-1:Carry Flag Setting For CJNE InstructionTable 7-1:Carry Flag Setting For CJNE Instruction

CompareCompare Carry FlagCarry Flag

destination > sourcedestination > source CY = 0CY = 0

destination < sourcedestination < source CY = 1CY = 1

CJNE R5,#80,NOT_EQUAL ;check R5 for 80

….;R5=80NOT_EQUAL: JNC NEXT ;jump if R5>80

….;R5<80NEXT: ….

Rotating the bits of A right and leftRotating the bits of A right and leftRRRR AA ;rotate right A;rotate right A

MOV A,#36H ;A=0011 0110RR A ;A=0001 1011RR A ;A=1000 1101RR A ;A=1100 0110RR A ;A=0110 0011

RL A ;rotate left A

MOV A,#72H ;A=0111 0010RL A ;A=1110 0100RL A ;A=1100 1001

Rotating through the carryRotating through the carryRRCRRC A A ;rotate right through carry;rotate right through carry

CLR C ;make CY=0MOV A,#26H ;A=0010 0110RRC A ;A=0001 0011 CY=0RRC A ;A=0000 1001 CY=1RRC A ;A=1000 0100 CY=1

RLC A ;rotate left through carry

SETB C ;make CY=1MOV A,#15H ;A=0001 0101RLC A ;A=0010 1010 CY=0RLC A ;A=0101 0110 CY=0RLC A ;A=1010 1100 CY=0RLC A ;A=0101 1000 CY=1

SWAPSWAP AA

RRC A ;first bit to carryMOV P1.3,C ;output carry as data bitRRC A ;second bit to carryMOV P1.3,C ;output carry as data bitRRC A ;third bit to carryMOV P1.3,C ;output carry as data bit…..

BCD AND ASCII APPLICATION BCD AND ASCII APPLICATION PROGRAMPROGRAM

Packed BCD to ASCII conversionPacked BCD to ASCII conversion

Packed BCDPacked BCD Unpacked BCDUnpacked BCD ASCIIASCII

29H29H 02H & 09H02H & 09H 32H & 39H32H & 39H

0010 10010010 1001 0000 0010 &0000 0010 & 0011 0010 &0011 0010 &

0000 10010000 1001 0011 10010011 1001

ASCII to packed BCD conversionASCII to packed BCD conversion

Key ASCII Unpacked BCDKey ASCII Unpacked BCD Packed BCDPacked BCD

44 34 00000100 34 00000100

77 37 00000111 01000111 or 47H 37 00000111 01000111 or 47H

MOV A,#’4’ ;A=34H, hex for ASCII char 4MOV R1,#’7’ ;R1=37H, hex for ASCII char 7ANL A,#0FH ;mask upper nibble (A=04)ANL R1,#0FH ;mask upper nibble (R1=07)SWAP A ;A=40HORL A,R1 ;A=47H, packed BCD



Chapter 8Chapter 8SINGLE-BIT INSTRUCTIONS SINGLE-BIT INSTRUCTIONS AND PROGRAMMINGAND PROGRAMMING

OutlinesOutlines List the 8051 Assembly language instructions for bit List the 8051 Assembly language instructions for bit

manipulationmanipulation Code 8051 instructions for bit manipulation of portsCode 8051 instructions for bit manipulation of ports Explain which 8051 registers are bit-addressableExplain which 8051 registers are bit-addressable Describe which portions of the 8051 RAM are bit-addressableDescribe which portions of the 8051 RAM are bit-addressable Discuss bit manipulation of the carry flagDiscuss bit manipulation of the carry flag Describe the carry flag bit-related instructions of the 8051Describe the carry flag bit-related instructions of the 8051

Single-bit instructionsSingle-bit instructions

I/O ports and bit-addressabilityI/O ports and bit-addressability

The 8051 has four I/O ports, each of which is 8 bits

Checking an input bitChecking an input bitJNB (jump if no bit) ; JB (jump if bit = 1)

Registers and bit-addressabilityRegisters and bit-addressability

Figure 8-2. Bits of the PSW Register

Bit-addressable RAMBit-addressable RAM

Single-bit operations with CYSingle-bit operations with CY

Instructions for reading input portInstructions for reading input port

READING INPUT PINS VS. PORT LATCHREADING INPUT PINS VS. PORT LATCH

In Reading a port:1.Read the status of the input pin2.Read the internal latch of the output port

Reading latch for output portReading latch for output port

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