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department of radiology and Biomedical imaging

University of California San Francisco

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2009 photo gallery

Images is produced by the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF

Design: Lisa Krieshok Copyediting: Diane Fraser Editorial Coordinator: Katie Murphy Printing: UC Printing Services

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about the Cover:

CT Colonography: Current and Future with Dual Energy CT

Image 1 shows a three dimensional virtual air contrast view of the entire colon at conventional CT colonography. Image 2 is an optical colonoscopic image of a polyp. Image 3 is an endoluminal view of a prototype phantom colorectal sleeve used to test the abilities of dual energy digital subtraction to distinguish stool from polyps. Image 4 demonstrates electronic stool subtraction based on dual energy removal of tagged stool in the phantom model. Image 5 exhibits a color sketch endoluminal view from a conventional CT colonography exam. Image 6 demonstrates dual energy color-coding of tagged-stool as blue and soft tissue as tan/brown in a phantom CT model. The images are provided by Gaurav S. Desai, MBBS, Benjamin M. Yeh, MD and Judy Yee, MD.

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t a b l e o f c o n t e n t s

letteR fRoM tHe cHaIRMan 2 IntroductionbyDr.RonaldL.Arenson

clInIcal and ReseaRcH news 4 EffectiveScreeningforColonPolypsbyCTColonography:HaveWeOnlyJustBegun? 8 NewAgentsforHyperpolarized13CMetabolicImaging11 PreoperativeMappingofFunctionallyEloquentRegionswithDiffusionMRIandMSI15 EvaluatingRiskFactorsforNephrogenicSystemicFibrosisinaRatModel18 Neuroimaging-basedApproachestoEstimateHipFractureRisk

new facIlItIes and tecHnology22 ABigYear

depaRtMental Update 24 AslamAssumesChiefofCTPositionatSFVAMC24 NelsontoCo-ChairNewDepartment25 SollittoTakesOnExpandedRoleinClinicalOperations25 YehAppointedAssistantChiefofRadiologyatSFVAMC26 DiagnosticRadiologyResidencyProgram30 NuclearMedicineResidencyProgram31 IncomingDiagnosticRadiologyResidents36 Second,Third,andFourthYearResidents36 NuclearMedicineResidents36 ClinicalFellows/InstructorsinRadiology37 RadiologyResidentGraduates,Classof200938 Blumenkranz,Larson,andParkEarnYoungInvestigators’Awardsfromthe SurbeckLaboratoryofAdvancedImaging40 NewFacultyAppointments42 FacultyontheMove42 FacultyRoster48 HonorsandAwards50 TheMargulisSociety52 TheMargulisSocietyDonorsList53 Retiredin200956 AlumniNews58 InMemoriam59 ImagingResearchSymposiumandFirstAnnualBruceHasegawaAward60 TheLannaLeeAward60 HenryI.GoldbergCenterforAdvancedImagingEducation62 RadiologyPostgraduateEducation64 RadiologyContinuingMedicalEducationCalendar

RadIology ReseaRcH65 ResearchDirectionsandRecentPublications83 Grants

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DearColleaguesandFriendsofRadiologyandBiomedicalImaging,

AsIwritethisyear,theUCSFSchoolofMedicine,ourcampus,andindeedtheentireUniversity,isinthe

midstofanunprecedentedfinancialcrisis.IamsurethoseofyouinCaliforniahavereadwithalarmaboutthe

recentcrisisindevelopingastatebudget.Asthestatelegislatorsgrappledwiththeimpactofanoveralleconomic

downturn,theyturnedtheirattentiontotheUniversityofCalifornia,andslashedtheUCbudgetbymorethan

$800million.Acombinationofveryunpalatablechoicesfacedus,includingtheRegents’decisiontoimplement

anacross-the-boardsalaryreductionandfurloughplan.

Itisanunderstatementtosaythatthechoiceswefaceinimplementingasalaryreductionofthis

magnitudehavebeenunpopular.Weclearlyneedtokeeptheclinicalenterprisegoing,aswellasfulfillour

obligationsunderresearchcontractsandgrants.Weoweourresidentsandothertraineesanexcellentexperience,

andwehavenodesiretomovebackwardinanyrankingofeducationalexcellenceorresearchprowess.Iwantto

shareafewthoughtsandprinciplesweareusinginRadiologytomoveusthroughthisdifficulttime.

Ourclinicalactivityisakeydriverofourabilitytoeducateandtoconductresearch.Therefore,much

ofourfocusinthepastyearhasbeenonourexcitingoutpatientimagingjointventurewiththeUCSFMedical

Center.Lastfall,wedevelopedadetailedmarketingplanforthefirsttime,andhavebeenworkingdiligentlywith

themedicalcentermarketingdepartmenttoincreaseawarenessofourserviceswithinthemedicalcenterandin

theBayAreacommunity.AsyoureadthisissueofImages,youwillseemanyexamplesofhowourleading-edge

researchhasledtoclinicalinnovations.Thesearetheactivitieswehighlightatcommunitydinnersforreferring

colleagues,atconferences,andingrandroundsessionsthroughoutourowninstitution.

IwanttocommendDr.BillDillonandtheNeuroradiologysectioninparticular,fordevelopingan

importantandhigh-qualityPrecisionSpineCenteratChinaBasin.Toreadmoreaboutoureffortsthere,please

visitourChinaBasinWebsiteatwww.radiology.ucsf.edu/imagingcenter.Inaddition,Dr.RandyHawkinsand

hiscolleaguesinNuclearMedicinehavehadimpressivesuccessineducatingreferringcliniciansaboutPET/CT

forcancerandcardiologyapplications,andhavemadesurewehaveanuclearmedicinespecialistateverysingle

tumorboardintheinstitution.

Inadditiontomarketingourclinicalexpertise,wecontinuetoachieveamazingsuccessintheresearch

arena.Earlierthisyear,thecampusgaveofficialdepartmentstatustotheDepartmentofBioengineeringand

TherapeuticSciences,co-chairedbyourownSarahNelson,PhD.WhileSarahundertakesthisroleinvery

challengingtimes,Iamconfidentofhersuccess.Iamlookingforwardtoworkingwiththenewdepartmenton,

amongotherthings,clinicaltranslationalefforts.Inthespring,theDepartmentsubmittedmorethan47grant

applicationsforAmericanRecoveryandReinvestmentAct(ARRA)funds.Bythisfall,wereceivedwordthat11

ofthegrants,or23percent,hadreceivedfunding.Oncampusoverall,thesuccessrateiscloserto15percent.

Teninvestigatorsinthedepartmentreceivednearly$5.5millioninfundingfromtheARRA.Inaddition,Michael

Weiner,MD,attheVeteransAffairsMedicalCenter,continuedhisstellarfundingtrackrecordwitha$24million

GeneralOpportunities(GO)grant.Withnearly$30millioninARRA-relatedfunding,UCSFRadiologyand

l e t t e R f R o M t H e c H a I R M a n

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BiomedicalImagingoutpacedallotheracademic

radiologydepartmentsinthecountry.And,many

oftheseideaswillbedevelopedintolonger-term

researchgrantapplications.Ourresearchfaculty

demonstratedatremendousamountofcreative

energyduringthisprocess.

Educationwillalwaysbeessentialtowho

weareandwhatwedo.Whilethisyearbrought

somerestructuringoffacultytimeintheGoldberg

LearningCenter,Iamsurethatanevenbetter

experiencewaitsformanyUCSFmedicalstudents

whodiscoverthedisciplineofradiologythroughthe

Center.IhaveaskedDr.JudyYeetoleadareviewof

theprogramthisyear,withagoalofincreasingthe

numberofUCSFstudentsweattractintoRadiology.

Iamalsoproudoftheexcellentresidencyreview

experiencewehadthispastyear.Drs.AliyaQayyum

andDavidAvrinworkedveryhardwithourstaff,

theresidents,andsectionleadershiptoassureour

success.Onceagain,Iammostgratefultothe

MargulisSocietyforallitdoestohelpusprovideanoutstandingexperienceforresidents.Yoursupportiseven

moreappreciatedduringthesechallengingtimes.

Finally,weareexploringnewandexcitingmechanismsforstayingintouch.I’msureyouarealreadyvery

familiarwithourexcellentRadiologypostgraduateeducationprograms(seewww.radiology.ucsf.edu/postgrad

forthecurrentcalendar).Adiscussionofpromotingupcomingcoursesandcourseannouncementsdroveusto

generateourfirst“tweets”onTwitter.Ihopeyou’llthinkaboutfollowingusatwww.twitter.com/ucsfradiology.

Takealookandletusknowwhatyouthink!

IagaininviteyoutojoinusinChicagoontheSundayafterThanksgivingforourannualRSNAreception.

Thisyearwewillgatherinatruehistoriclandmark,theFrankLloydWright-designedlobbyoftheRookery

BuildinginChicago’sLoop.Pleasecomebyandenjoythearchitectureandyourfriendsandcolleagues.Weare

alwayshappytoseeyouandhearaboutyouraccomplishments.

Pleaseenjoythis2009issueofImages,andletusknowhowyourowncareersandpracticesaredoingas

wefacethemanychallengesahead.ThankyouforyoursupportoftheDepartmentofRadiologyandBiomedical

Imaging.Pleaseletusknowhowwecanhelpyoufeelevenmoreconnected.

Sincerely,

RonaldL.Arenson,MD

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c l I n I c a l a n d R e s e a R c H n e w s

effectIve scReenIng foR colon polyps by ct colonogRapHy: Have we only JUst begUn? By Gaurav Desai, MBBS; Judy Yee, MD; Rizwan Aslam, MB, ChB; Yanjun Fu, PhD; John A. Shepherd, PhD; Benjamin M. Yeh, MD

Despite the knowledge that effective screeninggreatlyreducestheriskofdevelopinginvasivecolorec-talcancer,itremainsthethirdmostcommoncauseofcancer death in America and worldwide. Each of thecurrentlyavailablecoloncancerscreeningmethodshasdrawbacks.Fecaloccultbloodtestingisquickandnon-invasive,butonlydetects20to70%ofcoloncancers,and is subject to falsepositivesdue todiet andnon-cancerous causes of fecal blood. The double-contrastbariumenemaisacceptedbytheUnitedStatesCentersforMedicareandMedicaidServicesandmostinsurancepolicies,buthasonly45to60%sensitivityforpolypsandisinadequateforstagingtumors.Andconventionalcolonoscopy,whichistoutedbymanyasthegoldstan-dardforcoloncancerscreening,hasa10%failurerateforreachingthefarthestextentofthecolon,a5to10%miss-rateforpolyps,anda0.1%rateofcomplicationssuch as colon perforation. Furthermore, conventionalcolonoscopy requires a colonic cathartic preparation

that many people regard as unpleasant. The risks forinjuryarehigher fordebilitatedpatientsandhave ledto recommendations thatdebilitatedpatientsor thoseolderthan75notundergocoloncancerscreening,eventhoughlifeexpectancycontinuestoincrease.

Computedtomographycolonography,previouslycalled“virtualcolonoscopy,” isemergingasasafeandreliablecoloncancerandcolonicpolypscreeningmodal-ity. The benefits of CT colonography include excellentpatient tolerance, a near-negligible acute complicationrate,theabilitytoimagetheentirecolon,evenbeyondobstructingmasses,andtheabilitytostagetumorsandscreenfor lymphadenopathyorotherintra-abdominalpathology. While several multi-institution trials haveconfirmed the excellent sensitivity of CT colonogra-phyforpolypsinanaverage-riskscreeningpopulation,drawbacksofCTcolonographyincludetheneedtofollowupwithconventionalcolonoscopyinthe5%ofpatients

Figure 1. Demonstration of digital stool subtraction. (A) Three-dimensional CT colonography image appears to show a large polyp in the rectum (arrow). (B) The corresponding axial view shows that what appeared to be a polyp has high attenuation (arrow), which is consistent with “tagged” stool rather than

A B

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whohavepolypsatscreening,andtheneedforacathar-ticpreparationsimilartothatusedinconventionalcolonoscopy. Furthermore, given the cost of healthcareintheUnitedStates,somehaveraisedtheconcernthat CT colongraphy may discover extracolonic find-ingssuchasaorticaneurysms,renalmasses,pulmonarynodules, andother “incidentalomas” thatmay requireexpensivefurtherworkup,thuscontributingtohealthcarecosts.Othershavepointedtotheconcernofexpos-ingpatientstoradiationduringCTcolonography.

Into this mix, several exciting advances in CTpromisetoalterthewaythatCTcoloncancerscreen-ingisperceived.Theseadvancesincludelow-radiationdoseCTscanning,non-catharticCTcolonography,anddual-energyCT.

Low-Radiation Dose CTCT imaging is based upon exposing patients to

ionizingradiationfrommanydifferentanglestodeter-mine the extentofX-ray absorption fromeachangle.Theseimagedataarethenback-projectedtoformtwo-andthree-dimensionalrepresentationsofpatientanat-omy.ForatypicalCTcolonographyexamination,twoseparatepassesoftheCTscannerareobtainedthroughthe abdomen and pelvis, one in the supine (face up)andoneintheprone(facedown)position.Forgeneraldiagnostic imaging,multi-passCT scansof the abdo-menandpelvismaydeliverupto30mSvofradiationdosetothepatientwhendetailedevaluationofanatomyisrequired.Thesestudiesareamongthehighestradia-

tion-doseexaminationsperformedformedicaldiagno-sis.Whileno large-scale epidemiological studieshavebeenperformedtoshowthatsuchCTradiationdosesactuallyharmpatients,modelsoflifetimeriskextrapo-latedfromnuclearbombsurvivordatahavesuggestedthatradiationexposuremayincreasetheriskforcan-cerinlaterlife,particularlyforyoungpatients.Assuch,there is much interest in reducing patients’ exposurefrommedicalimaging,andparticularlyfromscreeningexaminationsperformedonhealthypatients.

Thesimpleapproachtodosereductionistoreducethecurrentdelivered to theCTX-ray tube, thereby li-nearlyreducingradiationdose.Preliminarystudieshaveshownthatareductionofthetubecurrentdownto50mA(asopposedto250mAforatypicaldiagnosticCToftheabdomen)maygiveacceptableimagesforthepur-poseofidentifyingpolyps;ongoingtrialsareevaluatingwhetherevenlower-doseCTmaybeacceptable.

Anotherapproach to radiationdose reduction isto apply a more computationally intensive CT imagereconstruction algorithm than is currently employedfor clinical CT imaging. Iterative image reconstruc-tionmethodshavebeenused fordecades togenerateimproved images for nuclear scintigraphy examina-tionswhere imagesneed tobegenerated froma rela-tivelylowamountofdetectedsignal.WhenadaptedtoCT imaging,excellent imagequalitycanbegeneratedwithafractionoftheradiationdoserequiredfortypi-calCT.However,thesealgorithmsrequiremuchmore

a polyp. Additional tagged stool is seen elsewhere in the sigmoid colon (arrowhead) (C) The same image, processed with digital subtraction of tagged stool, shows removal of the tagged stool from the image. (D) The corresponding 3D image after digital subtraction of tagged stool no longer shows the false polyp.

C D

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time to generate images (hours to days), particularlywhenverylargestacksof thinimages,asrequiredforCTcolonography,arebeingreconstructed.Itishopedthatimprovementsinreconstructionheuristics,aswellasfasterparallel-processingcomputers,willbringthistechnologytoclinicalusageinthenearfuture.

Non-cathartic CT ColonographyPatients who have undergone conventional

colonography or barium enema typically remember thecatharticpreparationasanuncomfortable,andperhapsundignified,portionofthescreeningexamination.Unfor-tunately,awell-cleansedcolon iscritical forvisualizingsmallercolonicpolypsusingthesescreeningmethods,sinceretainedstoolmayobscurethecolonicmucosa.Sim-ilarly,forstandardCTcolonography,adry,well-cleansedcolon provides the best visualization of subtle mucosalabnormalities.However,thispreparationmaydetermanypatientsfrombeingscreenedforcoloncancer.

AttemptstoperformCTcolonographyscreeninginpatients who have not had a colonic cleansing cathar-tic preparation havemet with suboptimalresults, with substan-tially reduced sensitivityandspecificityforpolypsin small populations ofpatients. An alternativetechnique for a “non-cathartic” CT colonog-raphy examination isto give patients oral CTcontrast material withmeals on the days priorto imaging. As the CTcontrast material mixeswith undigested foodin the bowel it “tags”the stool, allowing theinterpreting radiologistto distinguish a suspi-cious polyp or cancerfrom normal entericcontents. This approachcan be made more user-friendly by computer-izeddigitalsubtractionofhigh-attenuation taggedmaterial from the colonlumen (Figure 1). Suchsoftwareisavailablefrommultiple vendors. Whileearly studies have beenpromising, the successofthisapproachdepends

onexcellentstooltagging.Sincepoorlyormoderatelytagged stool may introduce artifacts that simulate orobscure true lesions. Furthermore, some CT contrastmaterialmayalsoadheretothecolonicmucosa,furthercomplicatingimageinterpretation.

Dual-Energy CTAnalternativemethodtodistinguishintraluminal

stoolfromcolonicpolypsistoexploitdifferencesintheX-rayattenuationprofileofstoolcomparedtosofttis-sue.WeknowthattissuecontrastwillchangebasedonthemaximumtubepotentialsettingoftheX-raytube,and that these settings can be adjusted to optimizevisualization of abdominal findings. Dual-energy CTobtains imagesof theobjectof interestusingtwodif-ferentmaximumX-raytubepotentials,typically80or100kVpversus140kVp.TheresultantX-rayspectrainteractwiththemoleculesoftheimagedobjectandareabsorbedwithacharacteristicprofilethatdependsontheatomiccompositionandconfigurationofitscompo-nentmolecules.Inotherwords,basedontheamountofX-raysabsorbedateachofthetwoCTtubepotential


Figure 2. Dual-energy CT electronic stool subtraction. An experimental colon model with an 8 millimeter polyp (arrow) was scanned three times using the dual-energy CT colonography technique and with well-tagged, poorly tagged, or untagged stool (top row). At regular CT colonography, it is difficult to identify the polyp when the stool is poorly or untagged. The bottom row shows dual-energy CT stool maps where soft tissue is color-coded green, and stool is color-coded blue. With the dual-energy CT overlay, the polyp can be more confidently seen with the poorly tagged and untagged scans. Some image noise is present due largely to the use of a low-radiation dose CT imaging technique.

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settings,thematerialswithintheimagedobjectcanbe“decomposed”anddifferentiated.

UCSF was among the first to study the clinicalapplicationofdual-energyimaginginthe1970s.How-ever, only recentlyhaveCT scannersbecomecapableof near-simultaneous dual-energy CT imaging. TheseadvancesinCTnowallowforpracticalmaterialdecom-positionwithroutinescanning,suchthatcontrastmate-rialcanbeelectronicallyandqualitativelydistinguishedfromsofttissuesandbone.

Anaturalextensionofthistechnologyistoutilizedual-energy scanning to electronically subtract stoolaway from CT colonography images, thereby empha-sizingpolypsandcancers.Priortoclinicaltesting,thismethodneedstobevalidated.AtUCSF,weconstructedadurablecolonicsimulation“phantom”thatresemblestheCTX-rayattenuationofthecolonandpolyps.Thisphantomenabledustorigorouslytestdual-energyCTimagingusingarangeoflumenaltagging,fromnon-topoorlytowell-taggedcontentsonidenticalcolonphan-toms(Figure2).Theresultofthisexperimentshowedthatreaderconfidenceandaccuracyfordetectingpol-ypsimprovedforcolonphantomswithnon-taggedandpoorly tagged contents. Since the accuracy was quitehighformoderatelyandwell-taggedcontents,astatisti-callysignificantdifferencewasnotseenfortheselattercategories.Thisphantommodelpavesthewayfordual-energyCTtobeusedinclinicaltrials,andinparticular,showsthatitmaybeofmostbenefitwhenstooltaggingissuboptimal.

Osteoporosis ScreeningA potential benefit of CT colonography is its

ability toevaluatestructuresoutsideof thecolonthatmay affect patienthealth. In fact, new, clinically rele-vant extracolonic diagnoses are found in up to 2.5%of adults undergoing CT colonography screening. AtUCSF, ongoing studies are underway to validate theusefulnessofCTcolonography to screen forosteopo-rosis, a leading preventable cause of morbidity andmortality. Work conducted at the San Francisco Vet-erans Administration Hospital and presented at the2009RadiologicalSocietyofNorthAmerica,confirmedthatCTcolonography imagescanbeusedasacheckforevidenceofosteoporosisandthatthereisexcellent

agreementbetweenDEXAbonemineraldensityscoresandthespinequantificationscores fromtheCTcolo-nographyexams.Bothtestsidentifiedsimilarlevelsofosteoporosis in thestudypopulation.Refinementandfurther validation of the measurement techniques areunderway and may potentially allow early detectionandtreatmentmonitoringofosteoporosis.

ConclusionWhile colorectal carcinoma is a common and

deadly malignancy that can be prevented by effectivepopulationscreening,currentmethodsarenotutilizedby large segments of the population. Potentially, thedevelopmentof improved screeningmethods that areacceptabletobothpatientsandinsurancecarrierswillreducethemortalityofthisdisease.CTcolonography,whichhasalreadyshownproveneffectivenessforcoloncancer screening, continues tobe refinedasCT tech-nologyevolves.Inparticular,theradiationdoseofCTcolonography will decrease as new CT reconstructionalgorithmsimprove,thecolonicpreparationwillbecomelessonerousasstooltagginganddual-energyCTbecomeintegrated,andthebenefitsofnon-colonicCTscreening,suchasforosteoporosis,willprovideaddedvalue.

Gaurav S. Desai, MBBS, was a junior specialist in the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging; Benjamin M. Yeh, MD, is an associate professor and assistant chief of Diagnostic Radiology at the San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Rizwan Aslam, MB, ChB, is an associate professor and chief of CT Imaging at the San Francisco VAMC; Yanjun Fu, PhD, is an assistant research scientist in the UCSF Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Center for Pharmaceutical and Molecular Imaging; John A. Shepherd, PhD, is an assistant adjunct professor in residence in the UCSF Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging; Judy Yee, MD, is professor and vice chair of Diagnostic Radiology at UCSF and chief of Diagnostic Radiology at the San Francisco VAMC.

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new agents foR HypeRpolaRIzed 13c MetabolIc IMagIngBy David M. Wilson, MD, PhD; Kayvan R. Keshari; Peder E. Z. Larson, PhD; Simon Hu; Ilwoo Park; Ralph E. Hurd, PhD; Sarah Nelson, PhD; Daniel Vigneron, PhD; John Kurhanewicz, PhD

IntroductionHyperpolarized magnetic resonance metabolic

imagingusingdynamicnuclearpolarization (DNP) isunprecedented in itsability toprobemetabolicfluxesinrealtimebyproviding~50,000-foldsignalenhance-ment for specific 13C enriched compounds. Studiesemploying the DNP prototype [1-13C] pyruvate havedemonstrated altered metabolism in animal tumors,allowingcancerstobedetectedandgraded in vivo,aswell as monitoring response to therapy. In addition,theagentsusedinhyperpolarized13CMRIhaveotherimportantadvantagesovercontrastagentscurrentlyinclinicaluse.Sinceendogenousmolecules areutilized,these agents are expected tohave little orno toxicityinhumans,evenatrelativelyhighconcentrations.Thisfeatureisparticularlyappealinggivenrecentconcernsabout contrastnephropathyassociatedwith iodinatedCT contrast, as well as nephrogenic systemic fibrosis(NSF) seen in patients receiving gadolinium chelatecontrastagents forMRI.RecentstudiesatUCSFhavefocused on expanding the arsenal of available hyper-polarized13Cagents.Theselatestadvancesincludethehexoseprobe[2-13C]fructose,techniquesforsimulta-neous multi-agent polarization, and the pyruvateprodrug [1-13C]ethylpyruvate formetabolic imagingofthebrain.

Hyperpolarized Fructose: A New DNP Sub-strate for In Vivo Metabolic Imaging

TheshortT1relaxationof13Cglucosecarbons(<1

sec)renderitapoorprobeforhyperpolarized13Cimag-ing.Incontrast,the[2-13C]fructosecarbonwasfoundtohaveasufficientlylongT

1relaxationrate(≈16sec)

allowinghigh signal-to-noise (SNR)metabolic studiesat3T.Theone-stepmetabolismviahexokinasetothephosphorylated fructose-6-phosphate is analogous tothe first step of glycolysis, in which glucose is phos-phorylatedtoglucose-6-phosphate.Themetabolicfluxtofructose-6-phosphateinthecellisrelatedtodown-streamglycolyticmetabolicevents,aswellasactivityofupstreampentosephosphatepathway(PPP).ThePPPisresponsibleforthepredominantamountofnucleotidesynthesis (which is increased at high turnover rates)andhasalsobeenpostulatedasasourceofregenerationofNADPHincancercells,makingthemmoreresistant

tooxidativestressandallowingthemtoreplenishglu-tathione. Furthermore, cellular uptake of fructose isimplicatedinthepathogenesisofspecifictypesofcan-cer.Fructosealsocanbemetabolizedtothefructose-1-phosphateviafructokinase,areactionthattakesplaceprimarilyintheliver.HepaticuptakeisviatheGLUT5transporter, which demonstrates relative specificityfor fructose.Expressionof this transportermaybeanimportantbiomarkerfordiseaseinextrahepatictissues.Forexample,GLUT5ishighlyexpressedinbreastcan-cercelllines,butnotbynormalbreasttissue.

Figure 1. 13C spectroscopic image of a prostate tumor (TRAMP) model, showing differential uptake and metabolism of fructose within the tumor as compared to surrounding benign tissues. Resonances corresponding to the b-fructopyranose and composite b-fructofuranose-6-phosphate and b-fructofuranose are shown. The yellow area demonstrates a region of diffuse tumor, compared to the benign red area (another lobe of the mouse prostate). Fructose is primarily transported into cells by GLUT5 and metabolized to fructofuranose-6-phosphate by hexokinase.

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Foranimal studiesat3T,aconcentrated [2-13C]fructose preparation was polarized to a high level(approximately12%)usingaHypersenseDNPpolar-izer. Figure 1 demonstrates metabolic studies follow-inginjectionof80mMofhyperpolarizedfructoseintoamouseprostatetumor(TRAMP)model.Spectroscopicimagingwasperformed15spost-injectionusingamod-ifiedspin-echosequenceand0.135ccvoxels.TheMRSIdatademonstratedthattheresonancecorrespondingtothecompositeb-fructofuranoseandb-fructofuranose-6-phosphate were higher in the regions of tumor ascomparedtoadjacentbenigntissues.Inturn,theratioofthisresonancetotheb-fructopyranoseresonanceisincreasedrelativetothesurroundingtissues.Thisnewhyperpolarized MR agent is exciting from the stand-pointthatcancercouldbediscriminatedfromnormalprostate and surrounding tissues basedon thedetec-tion of hyperpolarized b-fructofuranose-6-phosphateinthistransgenicprostatecancermodel.Theenzymaticconversionofhyperpolarizedfructoseallowsimportantchangesinglycolyticmetabolismupstreamofpyruvateto be probed, including upregulated hexose uptake,hexokinase activity, and changes in flux through thepentosephosphatepathway.

Multi-Agent Hyperpolarization Allows Simul-taneous Assessment of Multiple Enzymatic Pathways In Vivo

Most hyperpolarized 13C studies to date havefocusedonthelaststepofglycolysisinwhich[1-13C]pyruvate is enzymatically converted to a number ofproducts, including [1-13C] lactate mediated by theactivityoflactatedehydrogenase(LDH).ThispathwayisassociatedwiththeWarburgeffect,whichpostulatesenhancedaerobicglycolysis to lactate in tumorcellsrelative to normal tissue. Additional agents showingpromiseinanimalsorperfusedheartmodelsinclude[2-13C] pyruvate, and [1-13C] lactate itself. As thenumber of useful DNP agents continues to expand,the ability to probe multiple pathways and mecha-nisms simultaneously may provide valuable meta-bolic“signatures”associatedwithspecifictumortypesandothernon-oncogenicpathologies.1HMRSiswellestablishedasameanstoestablishmetabolicprofilesindiseasedtissue in vivo,buthyperpolarizedMRhastheadditionalcapacitytoprovidekineticinformation.Aparticularhyperpolarized13Csignatureindiseasedtissue may aid in targeting regions of pathology forbiopsy or focal therapy. It might also better charac-terize the extentor aggressivenessofdiseasepresentbeforeoraftertreatment.

Methods for simultaneously polarizing multiple13C-enrichedmetabolitesweredevelopedtoprobeseveralenzymaticpathwaysandotherphysiologicpropertiesin vivo, using a single intravenous bolus. 13C bicarbonate

and[1-13C]pyruvatewerepolarizedtoahighlevel(16%and18%respectively)andinjectedintonormalmiceandaTRAMPmodelat3T,withtheresultsshowninFig-ure2.Integrationof13Cbicarbonateand13CCO

2peaks,

andapplicationoftheHenderson-HasselbalchequationallowedcalculationofpHonavoxel-by-voxelbasisandthecreationofpHimages,aswellasthecorrespondinghyperpolarized lactate images. In TRAMP mice, highlevelsofhyperpolarizedlactate(Lac/Pyr=0.43to0.58)andmoreacidicpHvalues(pH=6.87to7.00,Figure3)wereobserved in the regionof theprostate tumorascomparedtosurroundingbenignabdominaltissues(pH=7.20to7.49).

Figure 2. Injection of co-polarized 13C bicarbonate and [1-13C] pyruvate into a prostate tumor (TRAMP) model at 3T. A T2 weighted anatomic image (A), pH image of the same slice demonstrating the distribution of pH calculated (B), spectra for the corresponding voxels shown in the T2 weighted image (C) and the lactate/pyruvate ratio image (D) are shown. The pH for individual voxels was calculated using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation and pKa of 6.17 at 37o C. The peak ratios of observed 13C lactate to 13C pyruvate are shown beneath the corresponding spectra. Regions of the CO2 resonance have been scaled up to demonstrate the signal-to-noise achieved in each voxel.

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The co-polarization technique was extended to polarize four 13C-labeled agents providing simultaneous information on pH, metabolism, necrosis, and angio-genesis, namely [1-13C] pyruvic acid, 13C sodium bicar-bonate, [1,1-13C] fumaric acid, and [1-13C] urea with high levels of solution-state polarization (10 to 20%)

and spin-lattice relaxation values (30 to 50s) similar to those obtained with polarization of the individual hyperpolarized probes. Hyperpolarized 13C urea has already been employed as an intravascular angiographic agent, and could be used in the described agent com-bination to assess tissue perfusion. [1-13C] fumarate represents a point of entry into the citric acid cycle. It has recently been shown to be a marker of treatment response through increased detection of hyperpolarized malate due to increased cellular necrosis after therapy. Simultaneous evaluation of enzymatic pathways and other physiologic properties is not easily achieved using other imaging methods including PET, optical imaging, or other targeted MR methods. In addition, concerns about toxicity have limited the proliferation of other intravenous imaging agents, while the endogenous 13C agents included in this multi-polarization approach are anticipated to have no adverse effects in humans. As additional new 13C agents are developed, multi-agent polarization will be a powerful method of probing multi-ple metabolic pathways and other physiologic properties simultaneously, in a single MR scan lasting only seconds.

c l i n i c a l a n d r e s e a r c h n e w s

Ethyl Pyruvate: A Lipophilic Pyruvate Precur-sor for Metabolic Imaging of the Brain

MR studies employing hyperpolarized [1-13C] pyruvate in a rat glioma model have revealed striking conversion to [1-13C] lactate, consistent with the 1H MRS spectra seen in aggressive tumors. However, these hyperpolarized studies rely on a leaky blood-brain-bar-rier (BBB) for pyruvate entry into the brain. The brain uptake index (BUI, a measure of metabolite in brain vs. blood), as reported for pyruvate in a normal anesthe-tized rat brain 10s after an arterial injection, suggests that even at the very highest intravascular doses pos-sible, less than 1mM pyruvate would be transported into brain tissue.

An alternative approach is to use ethyl pyruvate (EP), a lipophilic analogue of pyruvate that is expected to transport faster across the blood-brain barrier. Ethyl pyruvate is a food additive and an anti-inflammatory compound with therapeutic potential, which has been shown to attenuate kainic acid-induced neuronal cell death in the mouse hippocampus and to reduce the impact of stroke. Under conditions of slow IV infusion, both animals and humans tolerate large doses of EP.

Figure 3 presents initial animal data at 3T. [1-13C] EP was polarized to approximately 20% and injected at 50mM into a normal rat, with dynamic spectra obtained every 3s through the brain. As anticipated, high SNR spectra EP were observed initially, followed by conver-sion to [1-13C] pyruvate by 9s and subsequent metabo-lism to [1-13C] lactate. These studies are consistent with rapid entry of EP into the brain, followed by hydrolysis to the desired endogenous metabolite. Future studies will focus on improved metabolic characterization of infiltrating glioma, stroke, and inflammatory conditions such as multiple sclerosis, diseases for which the BBB is highly variable and often intact.

David M. Wilson, MD, PhD, is a clinical fellow in the Neuroradiology Section; Kayvan R. Keshari is a staff research associate; Peder Larson, PhD, is a post-doctoral scholar and Simon Hu is a graduate student in the MRI/MRS Specialized Resource Group. Il-Woo Park is a graduate student researcher; Ralph E. Hurd, PhD, is chief scientist, anddirector Biochemical Imaging Laboratory GE Healthcare; Sarah J. Nelson, PhD, is the Margaret Hart Surbeck distinguished professor in Advanced Imaging and director, Surbeck Laboratory; Daniel Vigneron, PhD, is a professor in residence; John Kurhanewicz, PhD, is a professor in residence and co-director, Prostate Cancer Research Interest Group in the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging.

Figure 3. Dynamic data obtained following injection of hyperpolarized [1-13C] ethyl pyruvate (EP) in a normal rat. The resonances corresponding to EP, pyruvate, and lactate are labeled, indicating rapid hydrolysis of the lipophilic probe within the brain, followed by enzymatic conversion to lactate.

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Structuralandfunctionalconnectivityareemergingasimportanttoolsforoncologicalneurologicalimaging.Inparticular,braintumorpatientshavebenefitedfromsurgicaltreatmentguidedbyfunctionalandstructuralneurologicalimaging.Morerecently,diffusionmagneticresonanceimaging(dMRI)hasemergedasavitaltoolforsurgeonsusingintra-operativeelectricalstimulation(IES) to map eloquent white-matter pathways to besparedduringtumorresection.Magneticsourceimaging(MSI)hasbeenusedto informmappingovercorticalareas. New exciting methods to predict which areasmaybe safely removedwithoutpostoperativedeficitsare being developed in the Department of Radiologyand Biomedical Imaging at UCSF. Our goals are toimprove preoperative delineation of cortical regionsand their subserving white-matter pathways vital tofunctionality, and to use functional and structuralconnectivity to predict therelation of these pathwaystopotentialmotordeficits.

Improving and Quantifying the Accuracy and Precision of Preoperative Diffusion Fiber Tracking

AtUCSF,wepioneeredtheuseofdMRIfibertrackingfor preoperative mappingofmotorpathways inbraintumor patients. A UCSFresearch program betweenRadiology(RolandG.Henry,PhD,andJeffreyI.Berman,PhD) and NeurologicalSurgery (Mitchel S. Berger,MD) that started almost adecadeagowassuccessfullytranslated to a clinicalservice. This unique servicebegan offering state-of-the-artpreoperativemappingofmotorpathwayslongbefore

pReopeRatIve MappIng of fUnctIonally eloqUent RegIons wItH dIffUsIon MRI and MsIBy Roland G. Henry, PhD; Bagrat Amirbekian, BS; Jeffrey I. Berman, PhD; Monica Bucci, MD; Anne M. Findlay, MA; Christopher Nguyen, BS; Mitchel S. Berger, MD; Srikantan S. Nagarajan, PhD

such functionality was available commercially. Evennow,thisrapidlyprogressingareacontinuallysurpassesthe commercial products; nonetheless, our programprovides these improved methods for neurosurgeonsatUCSF.Similarly,SriNagarajan,PhD,andcolleaguescontinue to develop novel and powerful algorithmsfor MSI that enable high-fidelity reconstructions ofvideos of brain activity in awake, behaving humans.These algorithms have vastly improved the reliabilityand resolution of brain activity reconstructions andassociated functional connectivity, and the capabilityof preoperative MSI to predict “eloquent cortex,” theregions of the brain that subserve language function.(Functionalconnectivityreferstothecorrelatedactivityacross different brain regions that defines commondistributed brain networks underlying differentbehavioralfunctions.)

Figure 1. Comparison of HARDI/Q-Ball (green) and DTI (blue) fiber tracking of the CST in a brain tumor patient. The tumor is shown in gold. Note that the lateral motor pathways are delineated with the HARDI/Q-Ball but not the DTI fiber tracking. The red to yellow colors of the fiber tracks represent increasing number of streamlines.

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Below,wepresentrecentadvances incombiningpreoperativemappingwithdMRIandMSI.Themapsof at-risk white-matter pathways are provided preop-eratively and used both in planning resections (i.e.,identifyingthemannerofdisplacementofwhite-matterpathways)andasaguide tomapping thesepathwaysduring surgery with intraoperative electrical stimula-tion.WithoutthedMRIfibertrackingdata,IESmotormapping is an extremely laborious activity, whichrequires periodically stimulating the tissue to inves-tigate the presence of white-matter motor pathways.Aftereachbitoftissueisresected,thisproceduremustberepeatedacrossagrid(1cmspacing)toensurethatthe margin of resection does not include vital white-matterpathways.WithdMRIpredictions,theneurosur-geoncanmorequickly,andsafelyfindthewhite-mattermotorpathwayswith IES, thereby improving theeffi-ciencyandaccuracyofintraoperativemapping.Intheend, thepresenceand locationof at-riskmotorpath-waysinthewhitematterisdeterminedbytheIES,notbythepreoperativediffusionMRIfibertracks,andthestimulationisgenerallyusedtodeterminethesafemar-ginofaresection.

Despite tremendousadvances inacquisitionandpost-processing algorithms, there is still substantialneed for improvement in preoperative fiber trackingwith dMRI. Conventional deterministic diffusion ten-sorimaging(DTI)algorithmsarenotusefulindelineat-ingthelateralportionsofthecorticospinaltract(CST)servingmotor function, due to the complexity of thewhite-matter structure leading to these areas.We canreconstruct more complicated diffusion profiles pres-

entwithcrossingfibers,byemployingprobabilisticandhigh-angularresolutiondMRIdata.WehavedevelopedfibertrackingbasedontheHARDIreconstructionandthesenewmethodsdramaticallyimprovethemappingoflateralCSTpathways(Figure1).

Anotherareaofimprovementinpreoperativefibertrackingcomesfromcombiningfunctionalinformationto identify regions thatmaybedifficult to identify inpatients with brain tumor. These regions are used toconstrainthefibertracks,thereforelendinggreatercon-fidencetotheresults.RecentworkfromSriNagarajan’slabindicatesthatutilizingtheuniquetemporalresolu-tionMSIenableshighlysensitiveandspecificlocaliza-tionofthemotorcortex.

An ongoing collaboration between the labora-tories of Drs. Henry and Nagarajan recently showedthat incorporating preoperative motor MSI increasesourabilitytoconfidentlydelineatetheCSTwithdMRIfibertracking.Aretrospectivestudydemonstratedthatby identifying cortical motor regions using MSI, wesignificantly improveddelineationof thecorticospinalmotor tracts (Figure 2). These data also demonstratetheadvantageofusingHARDIfibertrackingmethodsrather than DTI. In this figure, we show the fractionofsuccessfultrackingwithseedregionsinthecerebralpeduncle targeted to the motor cortex, compared toseedingattheMSI-indicatedcorticalregiontargetedtothecerebralpeduncle.Thefigurealsoshowstheresultsfor HARDI compared to DTI fiber tracking, whichdemonstrates the improved accuracyof trackingwithHARDI fiber tracking, especially when MSI-identifiedmotorareasarepresent.

Another aspect of validating preoperative fibertrackingcomesfromretrospectivelycomparingthepre-operativemapswithintraoperativestimulationpoints.These stimulation points provide a gold standard forthepresenceof functionalmotorareas.Wehaveusedthese data to determine the subcortical accuracy andprecision of preoperative fiber tracks by comparisonwithIESpointsinthedeepwhitematter.CorticalIESpointsarealsousedtodeterminethefalsenegativerateofthepreoperativefibertracking(muchasinFigure2withpreoperativeMSI).TheaccuracyoftheIESpointsrelativetopreoperativedMRIisaffectedbythecurrentspreads and tissue shifts.However,we are concernedlesswithabsoluteaccuracy,thanwiththeinformationthat enables more efficient intraoperative stimulationmapping.Ourpreviouslypublisheddatashowedthat,even includingtheeffectsof tissueshiftsandthecur-rentspread,DTIdeterministicfibertrackingpredictedthelocationoftheat-riskwhite-matterfibertrackswithanoffsetof9±3mm.This9mmoffsetindeedpointstocurrentspreadandtissueshiftsasaffectingtheabsoluteaccuracy;however,thereisverylittlevariance(±3mm)


Figure 2. Mean connectivity as a function of algorithm and seed region.

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in the distance between the preoperative dMRI fibertracksandIESstimulationpoints.Thismeasurealreadyincludesthecurrentspreadfromtheelectrodesandthetissueshifts.Therefore, thesurgeonknows thatwhentheresectionapproaches1cmofthefibertracksonthepreoperative MRI, a positive stimulation is predicted.Thisispreciselythemannerinwhichthepreoperativedatacanbeusefulduringresectionofdeepwhitemat-terwherethemarginsareclosetomotorfibers.Clearly,precision isan importantdeterminantofpreoperativefibertracking.

Resting-State MSI Predicts Surgical DeficitsRecentdevelopmentsinstructuralandfunctional

connectivityanalysesnowpromiseevengreaterpoten-

tial fortheiruseindeterminingthefunctional impactoftheseregions.RecentworkintheNagarajanlabindi-catestheabilityofpreoperative,resting-stateMSImea-suresoffunctionalconnectivitytopredictthosecorticalnetworkdisruptionsthatmayleadtopostoperativedef-icit.Basedonthehypothesisthatdamagedbraintissueisdisconnected in thephysiological interactions fromhealthyareas,thisstudyaimedtomapthefunctionalityofbrainareasaccordingtotheirfunctionalconnectiv-itywithotherareas.Magnetoencephalographic(MEG)recordings during resting state were obtained from15 consecutively analyzed patients with focal brainlesions and from 14 healthy controls. Neural activ-ityateachvoxelinthebrainwasestimatedfromtherecordingsofallMEGchannelsusingadaptivespatial

Functional Map L-image P-imageFigure 3. Functional maps obtained with magnetic source imaging or intraoperative cortical mapping as well as two different kinds (L and P) of images of functional connectivity in 4 patients with brain tumors superimposed over their 3D-rendered individual brain. The L, or lesion-specific image, of connectivity (middle column) is normalized to contralateral regions and the P, or patient-specific image, of connectivity (right column) is normalized to like regions in normal controls. (A) Twenty-five-year old woman with a central paresis of the right foot due to an astrocytoma WHO grade III that infiltrated the left medial sensorimotor cortex. Note that the L-image displays a corresponding decrease in functional connectivity in the sensorimotor cortex of the right foot. (B) The L-images of these 3 tumor patients without pre-surgical functional deficits indicate functional disconnection (in blue) of different proportions of the corresponding tumor tissue (graded 0-2, with 0 indicating smallest proportion with disconnection). In agreement with the L-images and the clinical status, functional cortex was mapped outside of disconnected (blue) areas by MSI and cortical mapping in all patients. In addition, L-images predicted the functional status after radical surgery: whereas patient 6 suffered from post-surgical sensible deficits in the left arm and leg, no deficits were observed in patients 1 and 9. P-images show diffuse or scattered areas with significantly lower connectivity estimates than a healthy control population, but these areas are unrelated to tumor location and brain regions with functional deficits.

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Figure 4. Bar plots illustrating the percentage of patients without critical tissue within the tumor area and without functional deficits after tumor resection, in relation with the functional disconnection score derived from L-images.

filtering techniques. The functional connectivity ofeachbrainvoxelwasthenestimatedbycalculatingthemeanimaginarycoherenceofallitsconnections.Themagnitudeofimaginarycoherencewasgreatestinthealpha frequency range corresponding to the humanidlingrhythm.Inhealthysubjects,functionallycriticalbrainareassuchasthesomatosensorycortexandlan-guageareaswereassociatedwiththelargestfunctionalconnectivityestimatesinthealpharange.Patientswithlesion-inducedfunctionaldeficitsdisplayeddecreasedconnectivityestimatesinthecorrespondingbrainarea,as compared to contralateral intact tissue. In tumorpatients without neurological deficits, brain areasshowing decreased functional connectivity estimatescould be surgically resected without the occurrenceof post-surgical deficits. When compared to healthycontrols, all lesion patients had diffuse or scatteredbrainareaswithdecreasedfunctionalconnectivity(seeFigures3and4).Therefore,non-invasivemeasuresoffunctional connectivity during resting state can mapthe functionality of brain tissue and can offer valu-

able information for thepre-surgicalmanagementofpatientswithbrainlesions,aswellasforresearchintostructural-functionalrelationshipsinnormalsubjects.

We are now seeking to extend this remarkableresultbycombiningitwithdMRIfibertrackingtoiden-tifythesubservingpathways,withthegoalofprovid-ingamorecompletecharacterizationofat-riskregionsbasedonpreoperativefunctionalstatus.

Roland Henry, PhD, is an associate professor in residence; Bagrat Amirbekian, BS, was a staff research associate; Jeffrey I. Berman, PhD, is a postdoctoral fellow, Monica Bucci, MD, is a junior specialist, Anne Findlay, MA, is a staff research associate, Christopher Nguyen, BS, is a staff research associate, Mitchel S. Berger, MD, is professor and chairman, Department of Neurological Surgery and director of the Brain Tumor Surgery Program, UCSF. Srikantan S. Nagarajan, PhD, is a professor in residence and co-director of the Brain Behavior Research Interest Group, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging.

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Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) is a debilitat-ing systemic fibrosing disorder that occurs uniquely in patients with renal failure. Although first described in 2000 in an article co-authored by Philip E. LeBoit, MD, it was little known to most clinicians until 2006 when an apparent link between gadolinium-containing con-trast medium administration and the development of

Evaluating Risk FactoRs FoR nEphRogEnic systEmic FibRosis in a Rat modElThomas A. Hope, MD; Philip E. LeBoit, MD; and Robert C. Brasch, MD

NSF was discovered. This led to a change in practice for the use of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imag-ing (CE-MRI) in patients with severe renal failure. Renal function is now calculated in the majority of patients undergoing CE-MRIs; those patients with severe renal failure and/or on dialysis often forgo the CE-MRI exam-ination that might have been performed only four years ago. Though NSF has substantially changed the way radiologists image renal failure patients, little is known about the disease process and risk factors.

In addition to renal failure, other risk factors have been implicated with the development of NSF: stabil-ity of gadolinium chelate used, dose and frequency of gadolinium administration, the presence of venous thrombosis, surgery and other pro-inflammatory states including infection. Our group at UCSF has been par-ticularly interested in erythropoietin (Epo) and intra-venous (IV) iron. Both are used frequently in dialysis patients and their use increased dramatically in 1997, perhaps incidentally the first year a patient is known to have developed NSF, and the year when anemia guide-lines for dialysis patients were revised recommending aggressive use of both Epo and iron. Additionally, there are mechanistic reasons why these two medications may be involved:

• Epo has been associated with an increased fibroblas-tic response to wound healing and also results in the release of bone-marrow-derived fibrocytes that are thought to be involved in NSF development.

• IV iron has been implicated in the fibrotic response seen in the development of ARDS, likely because it promotes the creation of free radicals. It may also result in the release of free gadolinium from its che-late through the process of transmetallation.

There have been reports of lesions similar to NSF in high-dose, Gd-contrast agent rat models. Therefore, we decided to test if Epo or IV iron worsen NSF skin lesions in an NSF rat model.

MethodsTwenty-four wild-type male Hannover-Wistar rats

were randomly separated into four groups of six animals (Groups A, B, C, and D).

Figure 1. Shaved backs of representative rats at time of sacrifice. On the left is a rat from the gadodiamide-only treatment group. On the right is a rat dosed with gadodiamide, Epo, and IV iron showing increased numbers and more severe lesions. The lower two images show a close-up view of each rat’s back.

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•GroupAwasdosedwithgadodiamidealone•GroupBwithgadodiamideandEpo•GroupCwithgadodiamideandIViron•GroupDwithgadodiamide,Epo,andIViron

Allgroupsreceived2.5mmolperkgofgado-diamide(Omniscan)for20consecutiveweekdaysoverfourweeks.GroupBreceived100unitsperkgofEpoetinalfa(ProcritTM)threedaysaweekforfiveweeksstartingoneweekpriortothefirstdoseofgadodiamide.GroupCreceived2mgperkg of iron dextrose (DexferrumTM) five days aweekfortwoweeksstartingthefirstdayofgado-diamideinjections.GroupDreceivedbothIVironandEpo.

All rats were sacrificed seven days after thefinalinjectionofgadodiamide.Thebacksofallani-malswereshavedtobettervisualizeskinchanges,and skin biopsies were taken from each animal’sback.Hematocritsweremeasuredpriortosacrifice.

For histologic analysis, two samples fromeach rat were embedded in paraffin and stainedwithhematoxylin and eosin.Nuclei countswereperformed in both superficial and deep dermalregionswhere thehighest levelof cellularitywasnoted.Inductivelycoupledplasmamassspectrom-etry(ICP-MS)wasusedtomeasuretheamountofdepositedgadolinium(Gd), iron (Fe), aluminum(Al),calcium(Ca)Copper(Cu),andzinc(Zn)intheratskintissue.

ResultsMacroscopic skin findings showed an

increasednumberofskinlesionsinGroupDratsthatwereexposedtogadodiamide,andbothEpoand IV iron compared to the other three groups(Figure1).Histopathologyshowedincreasedder-mal cellularity in rats treated with gadodiamide,Epoand IV iron (Figure2:cell countper regionofinterest:A=42.3±22.7;B=56.1±20.0,p=0.79;C=80.2±41.9,p=0.11;D=106.6±38.5,p = 0.004). Gd levels were lower in rats treatedwithgadodiamideandEpo,whiletheywererela-tivelyelevated in therats receivinggadodiamide,Epo, and IV iron compared to rats treated onlywithgadodiamide(A=1109µgGd /g tissue;B=822,p=0.049;C=1192,p=0.82;D=1466,p=0.012).Ironandcalciumdepositionintissuesmirroredlevelsofgadoliniumdeposition.

DiscussionWe demonstrated that the combination of Epo

and intravenous iron worsens the severity of skinlesionsinratsreceivinghigh,repeateddosesofgadodi-amide.ThemechanismofactionbywhichEpoandIV

ironresultsinincreasedlesionseverityisnotclear(Fig-ure 3 describes possible interactions). Unexpectedly,Epo-andgadolinium-treatedratshadlowerdepositedgadolinium, while IV-iron- and gadolinium-treated

Figure 2. Histology examples from gadodiamide-only treated rats (left) and rats receiving gadodiamide, IV iron, and Epo (right). The top row shows the entire dermis at 10X magnification. The middle row shows the superficial dermis at 40X magnification and the bottom row shows the deep dermis at 40X magnification. Notice the increase in superficial dermal cellularity in the rats receiving gadodiamide, IV iron, and Epo. The increased cellularity is most apparent in the superficial dermis. In humans, the cellularity and fibrosis of NSF has been observed mostly in the deep dermis.


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rats had relatively unaffected gadolinium deposition. These results suggest that iron does not result in trans-metallation, although it may promote a worsening of fibrotic lesions, perhaps through increased oxidative tissue damage.

Of note, calcium deposition appears to mir-ror gadolinium deposition. Prior studies have shown that calcium deposition increases with higher levels of deposited gadolinium in patients with NSF, and that calcium appears to be deposited in the dermis in asso-ciation with detected gadolinium. Possibly, gadolinium activates a cytokine pathway normally mediated by cal-cium through cytokines such as osteopontin.

Our results are potentially limited because the ani-mal model chosen may not accurately model human NSF. There have been extensive discussions on the rela-tionship between the high-dose rat model and NSF as it occurs in humans. Although the pathology seen in rats is slightly different than that seen in humans, we accept the rat model as an adequate surrogate for disease sever-ity in human NSF.

Future DirectionsThese early experimental results suggest many

new questions of mechanism and the NSF disease process, as well as the body’s more general handling

Figure 3. Potential interplay between Epo, IV iron, and NSF development. Chelated gadolinium is administered and deposited in the dermis, either in chelated or ionic form. IV iron may increase the amount of free gadolinium through transmetallation. The gadolinium is likely endocytosed by macrophages, resulting in a profibrotic cytokine response. IV iron may potentiate the macrophage response by creating oxidative stress. At the same time, circulating fibrocytes are released from the bone marrow, a process known to be potentiated by Epo. It is hypothesized that these cells then migrate to the dermis and lead to the fibrosis seen in NSF, in a process mediated by macrophage-released cytokines, as well as Epo.

and response to heavy metal exposure. To date, little is known about why the body apparently responds to deposited gadolinium with fibrosis. Other studies have shown that fibroblasts and macrophages secrete cyto-kines associated with fibrosis when incubated with gadolinium chelates. We hypothesize that the process is related to activation of the same pathway tied to normal wound healing, and that intravenous iron may result in oxidative stress that, in turn may stimulate fibrosis.

In the coming months, we plan a series of cell culture experiments to explore these hypothesized mechanisms of fibrosis induction. The NSF rat model provides an attractive system in which to study what has been regarded as the wound healing/fibrosis path-way. We hope to more fully understand the process of NSF while considering the more general problem of pathologic fibrosis, regardless of specific disease. NSF may provide a useful new window into the broad pro-cess of fibrosis and its regulation.

Thomas A. Hope, MD, is a PGY 3 Diagnostic Radiol-ogy resident. Philip E. LeBoit, MD, is a professor in the Department of Pathology. Robert C. Brasch, MD, is a professor of radiology in residence in the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging.

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AccordingtotheNationalOsteoporosisFounda-tion,approximately1in2womenand1in4menoverage50willhaveanosteoporosis-relatedbonefractureintheirremaininglifetime.Bonefractureriskisconven-tionallyassessedbybonemineraldensity(BMD),whichcanbemeasuredbydual-energyX-rayabsorptiometry(DXA)andquantitativecomputedtomography(QCT).Under currentpublichealthmanagement,pharmaco-logicaltreatmentisadvisedforelderlypeoplediagnosedwithosteoporosis(withBMDT-scores≤-2.5).However,BMDalonedoesnotadequatelypredictfracturerisk.Infact,themajorityofbonefractureshaveoccurredintheosteopeniapopulation(T-scoresbetween-1and-2.5).Treatingeveryoneinthismuchlargergroupisunafford-able. Therefore, more accurate fracture risk predictiontechniquesareinhighdemand.

BMDdoesnotfullycapturebonefragilityfeatures.It is anaveragemeasureofbonemineral in relativelylargevolumesofbonetissuesthatcontainsub-volumeswith fundamentally different biomechanical roles inresisting fracture forces.A study comparinghipQCTimagesofyoungandelderly subjects (Mayhew2005,Lancet) demonstrated spatial variation in patterns ofchangesintheproximalfemur.

Duringaging,bonestructureswithlessmechani-calstimulation,suchasthesuperiorcortexofthefem-oral neck, could undergo much more dramatic boneloss.Whilesuchstructuresexperiencerelativelysmallmechanical loading in daily physical activities, theycould experience much stronger transient forces infalls,whichare thought tobeassociatedwith90%ofhipfractures.

Lang’sgrouphasusedQCTtomeasurecompart-mentalandsub-regionalBMDcoupledwithgeometricassessments,combining thesemeasures in statisticallybased prediction models, or into simple biomechani-callybasedstrengthindices.Withmagneticresonanceimaging(MRI),Majumdar,Link,andcollaboratorshavebeeninvestigatingbonemicro-architecture.Withthe7TeslaMRIsysteminstalledattheMissionBaycampus,high-resolutionin vivo imagingoftheproximalfemurandothermusculoskeletalsystemshavebeendemon-strated(Krug2008,Images).Anotherhighlypromising

neURoIMagIng-based appRoacHes to estIMate HIp fRactURe RIskBy Wenjun Li, PhD; John Kornak, PhD; Ying Lu, PhD; and Thomas F. Lang, PhD

approachtoestimatingbonestrengthispatient-specificfiniteelementmodeling(FEM),whichmapsCTimageunits to estimates of material mechanical properties.TheclinicalapplicationofFEMentailschallengessuchasusingCTnumberstorefineandvalidatetherelation-shipsthatdefinemechanicalproperties.

Inourlaboratory,werecentlyadaptedneuroimag-ingtechniquestopredictfractureriskatthehip.Ourapproachesarebasedontheideathatfeaturesofproxi-mal femora at high risk for fracture can be detected.Toidentifythesefeatures,wecomparedthestructuralbonedifferencesbetweenpatientswhodevelopedhipfracturesandage-matchedcontrols.Wealsoidentifiedbone changes in patients under drug treatments andinastronautswhoexperiencedbonelossduetolong-durationspaceflights.

The fundamental technique to achieve three-dimensionalstructuralcomparisonistotransformthehipimagestoacommonreferencespace,sothehomol-ogoustissueelementscanbecompareddirectly.Oneoftheoriginalneuroimagingapplicationsofthisapproachwas a study on the hippocampus brain structure ofLondontaxidrivers(Maguireetal,2000,Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences). It was shownthatthebackpartofthehippocampuswas,onaverage,largerinthetaxidriverscomparedtocontrolsubjects.ThishasbeenattributedtoLondontaxidriversneed-inggoodspatialnavigationalskills.Belowwedescribeourmethodsforstudyingthehipstructureusingtheseneuroimaging-based techniques, and extensions thatwehavedeveloped.

Hip Analysis in a Common Reference Space: Three-Dimensional Comparison of Homolo-gous Structures (Image Registration, Voxel-Based Morphometry)

Three-dimensional comparison of homologousstructures is achieved by image registration. Brieflyspeaking,with image registration, images fromdifferentsubjects, or from the same subject at different timepoints, or from different image modalities, are trans-formedtoacommonreferencespacesothathomolo-gousstructuresareresampledtothesamecoordinates,


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and can be compared. Recently in our laboratory we adapted this technique to the study of bone structures (Figure 1). The image registration algorithm we adapted was originally developed for brain MRI images at the Montreal Neurological Institute.

Once multiple scans are transformed (spatially normalized) to the common hip space, they form an image atlas. The homologous tissue elements can then be compared and statistically analyzed to study spatially localized, cohort-based outcome effects.

In the neuroimaging literature, the voxel-wise comparison of the local concentration of gray matter between two groups of subjects is referred to as voxel-based morphometry (VBM). Below we present our experience in applying the VBM technique to compare the bone mineral distribution in the proximal femur and illustrate how such studies have prompted further exploration of 3D bone-fragility features.

Identifying Regions with Most Accelerated Bone Loss Due to Weightlessness

It is well known that astronauts lose bone during spaceflights. Studies employing quantitative CT have been recently carried out by Lang and collaborators (Lang et al., 2004 and 2006, JBMR). However, how the bone loss is distributed three-dimensionally is less clear. Identifying the most effective countermeasures against such bone loss remains as a major challenge for NASA and other space agencies.

Figure 1. Registration establishes the geometric correspondence between homologous locations in the target (A) and the source (B). The registered image (C) is a resampled image of the source image (B) (figure adapted from Li et al., 2007, Bone).

Based on the VBM technique, we have identified regions inside the proximal femur that experienced the strongest bone loss due to long-duration spaceflight (Li et al., 2007, Bone). QCT scans were acquired from 16 crewmembers of International Space Station missions who experienced spaceflights of approximately half a year. Pre- and post-flight QCT images were acquired using a helical CT scanner at Baylor College of Medi-cine. For the 16 pre- and post-spaceflight scan pairs, in the atlas space, we performed voxel-by-voxel t-tests over the total proximal femur, and identified voxels with statistically significant bone changes. False discovery rate was performed to correct for multiple comparisons. Regional variation of bone loss is shown in Figure 2. It is noticeable that regions marked by I and II showed greater magnitudes in bone loss compared to the rest.

Identifying the Spatial Distribution of Drug Response

We have applied femur atlas analysis to identify drug-induced spatial changes in bone structure. For 121 subjects treated with TPTD (20 μg/d SQ) for 12 months, QCT images of the hip were obtained at base-line and 12 months. As shown in Figure 3, a group of voxels showing negative BMD changes clustered in the inferior cortex, and a group of voxels showing positive changes clustered in dense trabecular bone. This approach to visualizing therapy effects may aid in interpreting the effect of drug therapies on hip fracture risk by better show-ing how the regions of strongest response correlate to the regions where fractures are most likely to occur.

Figure 2. Pre- and post-spaceflight bone changes. Regions I and II experienced greater bone loss (figure adapted from Li et al., 2007, Bone).

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Identifying Fracture-Critical Regions by Comparing Hip QCT Scans of Fractured Patients and Controls

Thirty-seven women aged 65 or older with atraumatic hip fractures were recruited from the emergency room at Beijing’s Ji Shui Tan Hospital. Thirty-eight women over 65 years old in good health were invited from the surrounding community to participate in the study as controls. Figure 4 shows the regional variation of bone mineral differences between the fractured patients and the controls, as represented by the t-statistic map using the VBM technique.

We then randomly divided the subjects into two groups: the Training Group and the Test Group. Using the scans from the Training Group, we compared the images between the patients and the controls and generated a t-statistic map. We applied a t-statistic threshold to select the 10% voxels inside the proximal femur that had the highest t values. Such voxels formed clusters, which were referred to as the fracture-driven region of interest, the F-ROI (Li et al., 2009a, Bone). We used the BMD in the F-ROI to discriminate the scans of fractured patients and controls in the Test Group, and performed ROC analysis to estimate the discrimination efficacy. The AUC (area under curve) for the F-ROI approach, 0.92, was higher than the AUC values using anatomic ROIs, which ranged between 0.78 and 0.87. BMD measurement based on the fracture-driven region of interest showed improved fracture prediction power.

Although we have demonstrated the improve -ment of fracture risk estimation obtained by

identifying fracture-critical regions, taking the average BMD inside such regions still averages out potentially useful 3D feature information. To quantitatively represent such 3D inhomogeneous information, and to use these features to improve fracture risk prediction, we developed approaches to capture the 3D bone-fragility features. Some preliminary studies are described below.

Principal Components Analysis (PCA)

In PCA, a vector in a multi-dimensional space is represented as a linear combination

of eigen vectors. For image analysis, an image can be represented as a combination of eigen images, namely, the principal components (PCs). We have used PCs (instead of individual voxels) to characterize bone fragility features.

For this study, the subjects were the same as those used in the previous fracture discrimination study. The subjects were divided randomly and equally into Group I and Group II, one served as the Training group and the

Figure 3. Blue and yellow bands, respectively, show regions of statistically significant negative and positive changes (figure adapted from Li et al., 2008, ASBMR).

Figure 4. t-statistic map (3D rendering) illustrates regional bone mineral differences between fractured patients and controls, where I, II, and III are regions with the most significant differences (figure adapted from Li et al., 2009a, Bone).


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fragility features. The preliminary evidence of our PCA and image-similarity-based approaches shows promise for improving discrimination of fractured patients from controls.

For future studies, we plan to apply our methods to a larger data cohort involving more fracture patients, and potentially generalize such methods for other imaging modalities for bone structures. We expect that with the more in-depth understanding of the 3D determinants of bone fragility, more cost-effective prophylactic diagnosis and treatment solutions can be reached.

Wenjun Li, PhD, is an associate specialist; John Kornak, PhD, is an assistant professor; Ying Lu, PhD, was a professor in residence and Director of the Biostatistics and Outcomes Research Specialized Resource Group; and Thomas F. Lang, PhD, is a professor in residence in the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging.

Figure 5. Subject classification based on image-similarity measures. The cases falling to the green regions are those that matched the expectations (figure adapted from Li et al., 2009b, Bone).

other as the independent Test group. After constructing the hip atlas, we performed PCA on the training scans to obtain a set of PCs. For each PC, we compared the eigen values between the fractured patients and the controls to determine whether that PC was associated with fracture. We then constructed a linear hip fracture risk model, based on the PCs associated with fracture. This model was then used to estimate the fracture risk based on the PC coefficients of a hip image.

To test our model, we used the estimated fracture risk values to perform hip fracture discrimination for the test scans. When using scans from Group I as the training set and Group II as the test set, the AUC value was 0.880, comparable to (slightly higher than) the AUC values obtained using bone densitometry methods in different ROIs, which ranged between 0.782 and 0.871. By switching the training and test groups, the AUC value for the PCA approach was 0.839, again comparable to those obtained by bone densitometry methods, which had AUC values ranging between 0.767 and 0.807.

Image Similarity MeasuresAnother approach is based on image similarity.

Our main idea is that if the hip image of a given subject is more similar to hip images of fractured patients than to hip images of controls, that subject is likely to have high fracture risk. The image similarity measures used are adapted from image registration.

The 75 scans (as described above) were randomly separated into Group I and Group II. First, Group I served as the Model Group and Group II served as the Test Group, then their roles were switched. We classified the test scans based on whether a test scan was, on average, more similar to the model scans of fractured patients or to the model scans of controls. Figure 5 shows the fracture discrimination results when using mutual information as the image similarity measure. By combining BMD and image similarity measures, fracture discrimination significantly improved compared to using BMD alone (AUC values increasing from 0.84 to 0.92). (Details about this study are described in Li et al., 2009b, Bone).

Summary and Future Directions In conclusion, we have applied inter-subject image

registration to construct femur atlases to compare hip QCT images. Based on atlas analysis, we have been able to identify the regions inside the proximal femur most responsive to weightlessness, drug treatment, and bone differences between fractured patients and controls. Using BMD inside the fracture-driven region of interest, we improved fracture discrimination. We have further developed quantitative measures for characterizing 3D

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TheDepartmentcompletedmanycapitalprojectswithinthepastyear,greatlyincreasingitsMRcapacityandreplacingoldequipment.Indeedasthisiswritten,therearenoactiveconstructionprojectswithinRadiol-ogy,asituationthatisbothrareandshort-term,asweareawaitingstateapprovalonaprojecttoreplacetwobody interventionalroomswithinMoffitt.WealsoareinthebidprocessforconstructionthatwillremodelthemammographicreadingroomatMt.Zion.

MRI ExpansionThiswastheyearinwhichRadiologyexperienced

itsgreatestexpansioninMRcapacityever.Weinstalleda totalof fourmagnets, two inpatientand twooutpa-tient,all3Tunits.Ontheinpatientside,two32-chan-nel, GE HD750 systems were installed in Moffitt 3North,aspacenewtoRadiology.Thespacecomprisesnearly3,700sq.ft.,andthecostofequipmentandcon-structiontopped$12million.Tocompletethisproject,the entire infrastructure in this part of Moffitt Hospi-talhadtobeimproved,includingairhandling,electri-calcapacity,andthedatanetworks.Alargechillerwasinstalledontheroof.Thefloorhadtobestrengthenednotjustunderthemagnetlocations,butalsounderthepath for transporting the magnets to their locations.Thisnecessitatedclosing thecafeteria,which isunderthemagnets,forseveralmonths.Thenewmagnetspace

wasdesigned to supportpatients requiringanesthesiaduring their procedures and was carefully developedto assure safetywithin themagnet area.Themagnetssitsidebyside,requiringsubstantialshieldingtopre-vent interferencebetween them.With theadditionofthese two magnets, the longstanding 1.5T magnet inatrailerlocatedoutsidetheemergencyroomentrancewasfinallyshutdown.

ThethirdmagnetaddedtoRadiologyislocatedintheMedicalOfficeBuildingonPostStreetnearMt.ZionHospital,onthegroundflooradjacenttoa64-sliceCTscanner.PatientreceptionandchangingareasaresharedwithCT,improvingefficiency.ThemagnetisaSiemensVerio3T,thefirstsuchmagnetinstalledinNorthernCal-ifornia.Thissystemfeaturesa70cmboreandatablesupporting 550 pounds. The magnet is a 32-channelsystemconfiguredforalltypesofimaging.Thismagnetwillbeused to furtherdevelopbreast imaging in col-laborationwithSiemens,usingaSentinellebreastcoil.

Thefourthmagnet,alsoa32-channelGEHD750,islocatedinanewbuildingneartheMissionBayCam-pus within the recently opened Orthopedic Institute.This facility is nearly 50,000 sq. ft. and is now wheremostofUCSF’sorthopedicworkisdone.Radiologyhasabone reading roomon-siteandstaffs theequipment,which also includes two GE Definium digital radio-

graphicroomsandaPhilipsEasyDi-agnostR/Froom.Thelatterhasbotha table and a wall-mounted digitaldetector. Other imaging equipmentattheOrthopedicInstituteincludesaportableX-rayunit,aC-armportablefluorounit,andaFujiCR.Allimag-ing systems connect to Radiology’sPACS.

The magnet count at UCSF isnow 10 clinical magnets, six 1.5Tsystems and four 3Ts. In additionthe Department has three researchmagnetsforhumanstudies,two3Tsanda7T.

a bIg yeaRBy Robert G. Gould, ScD

The new 3T magnets located on the third floor of Moffitt Hospital. The space also includes a patient prep and holding area.

n e w f a c I l I t I e s a n d t e c H n o l o g y

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Parnassus CampusWhilethe3NorthMRIadditionwasbeing

workedon,Radiologywasalsobuildinginsev-eral other areas.Equipment replacement in theMoffitt radiographic/fluoroscopic rooms wascompletedwith the installationof twoSiemensLuminos units. We also completed installationof Neurointerventional’s second Siemens, flat-panel, biplane angiographic room. This majorproject took nearly two years to complete andrequiredexpandingtheroomspacebyrelocatingtwoofficesandclosingadarkroom.Theneuroin-terventionalprojectreplacedthesoleremainingpieceofequipmentinstalledwhenLongHospitalwasbuiltin1986.

Some new equipment at Moffitt/Long didnotrequireconstruction.Theultrasoundsectionacquired threenewGELogiqE9USmachines.These couple to a new ultrasound miniPACSimplemented in May 2009, made by Imorgon.Afteryearsoffrustrationwiththeolddisplaysys-tem,theImorgonminiPACSwaseagerlyawaited.

The Department acquired new portable X-rayequipment that enables digital acquisition of imagesat the bedside. Two GE Definium X-ray units with adigital detector tethered to the unit are now in use.Because theseunits communicatewirelessly, apatientworklistisavailabletothetechnologistandimagesaresenttoPACSwithoutconnectingtoanetworkport.TheDepartment soon will receive three portable systemsfromFujicalledCRGounits.TheseportablesuseCR,buttheCRreaderispartoftheportableunit.Theywillalsofunctionwirelessly.

Mt. Zion CampusInadditiontothenewmagnet,mostoftheactivi-

ties at Mt. Zion involved mammography. With theclosureof themammographic roomswithin theACCbuildingonParnassus,allmammographyisnowdoneintheWomen’sPavilionorwithintheCancerCenteratMt.Zion.AllremaininganalogunitshavebeenreplacedwithHologicSeleniasystems,bringingthetotalnum-berofthesesystemsatUCSFtosix.Allfilmprocessorswithin mammography are now gone. The mammo-graphicreadingroomwillbeginaremodelinSeptem-berandadedicatedminiPACSformammographymadebySectraisonorder.Mammographyhasalsoacquiredanewmammographicreportingsystemmadebyalocalcompany,JambeyangResearch.

China BasinWith the expansion of imaging equipment, the

Department’s Agfa Impax PACS system has had toexpand. PACS core components have been installedin a computer room at China Basin, including data

storage devices and, importantly, a redundant data-baseserver.Thelattercomponenteliminatesasinglepointoffailurethatpreviouslyexisted.Inthecomingyear,wehavebeengivenresourcestofullyimplementabackupsystematthissitefordisasterrecoveryandbusinesscontinuity.

ChinaBasinhasbecomethesiteformostout-patient nuclear medicine studies. A nuclear cardiacstress lab is fullyoperational.Weareexploring thepossibility of adding more nuclear cameras in thislocation.

The FutureTheDepartmentwillcontinuetoreplaceoldequip-

mentintheupcomingyear.Wehavebeenapprovedtoreplace the body interventional angiographic room atMt.Zion.AlsoatMt.Zion,wehaveapprovaltoaddaradiographicroom.Thisisgreatlyneeded,asMt.Zionnowhasonlyasingle,non-digitalradiographicroom,requiringuseofCRandcausingproblemsintheeventofanydowntime.WithinMoffitt/Longconstructionwilloccurasweinstallthenewinterventionalrooms,aCTscanner, andat leastonenuclearcamera.Allof theseprojectswereapprovedinpreviousyearsandarefinallyreadyforworktobegin.

Robert G. Gould, ScD, is a professor of radiology in residence and vice-chair for Technology and Capital Projects. He oversees the purchase of the department’s capital equipment.

The new Siemens Verio 3T magnet installed on first floor of the Post Street Medical Office Building. The MR facility is adjacent to a 64-slice CT scanner and includes the magnet room, a patient prep area, a patient consult room, and a reading room.

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d e p a R t M e n t a l U p d a t e

RizwanAslam,MD,associateclinicalprofessorofRadiologyandBiomedicalImaging,acceptedthenewlycreatedpositionofchiefofcomputedtomographyattheSanFranciscoVeteransAffairsMedicalCenteronJanuary1,2009.

Aslam received his medi-cal degree from the Universityof Aberdeen, Scotland, UK. Hecompletedhismedical residencyattheUniversityofSheffield,UK,followedbyaradiologyresidencyat the University of Manchester,Manchester, UK, completed in2002.Aslamfinishedhisabdomi-nalimagingclinicalfellowshipin

the UCSF Department of Radiologyin 2003. That July, Aslam joined theDepartment of Radiology and Bio-medicalImaging’sAbdominalImagingSection. He received the Excellencein Teaching Award in 2008 from theHaileDebasAcademyofMedicalEdu-cators. His research interests are intheareasofCTcolonographyand3Dimaging.

“Dr. Aslam has providedexcellent CT services to both theVAMC and UCSF Medical Center,”said Ron Arenson, MD, chairman.“PleasejoinmeincongratulatingDr.Aslamonhisnewleadershiproleinthedepartment.”

Rizwan Aslam, MD

Sarah J. Nelson, PhD

©majedphoto.com

In February 2009, Sarah J. Nel-son, PhD, professor of radiology anddirectorof theMargaretHartSurbeckLaboratory of Advanced Imaging,becameco-chairofanewUCSFdepart-ment,BioengineeringandTherapeuticSciences (BTS). Led by Nelson andCo-Chair Kathy M. Giacomini, PhD,BTSmarksthefirstUCSFdepartmentacrosstwoschools,asitcomprisestheformerDepartmentofBiopharmaceuti-calSciencesintheSchoolofPharmacyand theProgramofBioengineering inthe School of Medicine. According toGiacomini,“It’samarriageofscientistswho are expert in building biologicaltools,withthosewholookforwaysto understand and interrupt themechanismsofdisease.”

“Today’sapproachtodevelopingand evaluating medical devices andpotentialmedicinesthroughthepoint

whentheyareapprovedforusebypatients is painfully slow, ineffi-cient,andexpensive,”Nelsonsaid.“We aim to change this by com-bining new biological discoverieswithcutting-edgetechnology.”

According to Nelson, thisisthefirstdepartmentofitskindin the country. “We’re acting onour belief that in order to excel,we have to approach science inwholly new ways, through newand unexpected relationships,including thosewith governmentandindustry.TheBTSstructureiscriticalforrecruitingfacultymem-bers who think outside the con-finesoftraditionaldisciplines,andfor promoting our PhD graduateprograms,”sheconcluded.

ASLAM ASSUMES CHIEF OF CT POSITION AT SF VAMC

NELSON TO CO-CHAIR NEW DEPARTMENT

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In January 2009, BenjaminM.Yeh,MD,associateprofessorofRadiology in residence, acceptedthe position of assistant chief ofradiology at the San FranciscoVeteransAffairsMedicalCenter.

Yeh attended Duke Univer-sity in Durham, North Carolina,receiving his medical degree in1996. He completed a residencyin diagnostic radiology at UCSFin 2001, followed by a one-yearclinical fellowship in abdominalimaging. Yeh joined the UCSFfaculty in 2002, as a member ofthe Abdominal Imaging Section.

From 2006-09, Yeh served as radiol-ogy fellowship advisor. His researchinterestsfocusonnovelapplicationsofabdominopelvicCTimaging.

“Overtheyears,Dr.Yehhasbeenveryactive in teachingandresearch,”saidChairmanRonArenson,MD.“HisexperienceinourAbdominalImagingSection, coupled with his leadershipskillsand teachingabilitieswillbringhimsuccessinhisnewposition.”

In July 2009, Richard A. Sol-litto, MD, professor of RadiologyandDiagnostic Imaging, assumedanexpanded role in clinical operationsfortheDepartmentofRadiologyandBiomedicalImaging.

Sollitto received his medicaldegreefromtheUniversityofPennsyl-vania, Philadelphia, Penn., and com-pleted a year of residency in internalmedicineatThomasJeffersonUniver-sity Hospital in Philadelphia beforecomingtoUCSF,wherehecompletedhis residency in diagnostic radiologyin 1982. He followed that residencywith an additional year as chief resi-dentintheNuclearMedicineSection.In1983,SollittojoinedtheUCSFfac-ulty,andin2003wasnamedRadiol-

ogyChiefatMt.Zion.Since2007,hehasservedasassociatechairforMt. Zion and Ambulatory Care,wherehe oversees clinical opera-tionsatMt.ZionHospitalandtheAmbulatoryCareCenter(ACC).

“Because Dr. Sollitto is astrongadvocateforqualitypatientcare,Ihaveaskedhimtotakeonnew responsibilities involvingour clinical practices, includingserving as a consultant to othersections,” said Chairman RonArenson,MD.“Iknowwewillallbenefitfromhisfocusonpatientsand referring physicians. PleasejoinmeincongratulatingRichardon his added responsibilities intheareaofpracticedevelopment.”

SOLLITTO TAKES ON EXPANDED ROLE IN CLINICAL OPERATIONS

YEH APPOINTED ASSISTANT CHIEF OF RADIOLOGY AT SF VAMC

Benjamin M. Yeh, MD

Richard A. Sollitto, MD

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Thiswasayearoffine-tuningaspectsofourresidencyprogram,including:

•Refiningthecoreandphysicscurriculum•Revampinghands-onjuniorresidenttraining

inultrasoundandfluoroscopy•DevelopingaWeb-basedconference

evaluationsystem•Transitioningtothenewnight-floatcallsystem•Launchingtheneweducationtrack,

coordinatedbyChiefResidentDavidNaeger,MD

•Refiningtheprocessforresearchtime,projectdefinition,andmentorsupervision

We also completed a site inspection bythe national Radiology Residency Commit-tee oftheACGMEinMarch.Thesitevisitwasthe culmination of months spent preparing the Pro-gramInformationFormdocument.Thislargetaskwasaccomplished with the knowledgeable assistance ofTerry(Rodden)BrosnanandSandriaWong.

Group team-building events included footballand soccer games against the Stanford residency. (Theonlythingthatdidn’tgotoowellthisyearforus!)Theresidentsenjoyeda“lycheemartinievening”hostedbyProgram Director Aliya Qayyam, MBBS, at her home(fortunately it is still standing). The Margulis SocietycareereveninghostedbyDonnaHoghooghi,MD,(UCSFRadiology alumnus and past president of the MargulisSociety)atherhomeprovidedanopportunitytosocialize,network,andlearnaboutcareeropportunities.

One Class Moves On, Another Moves InGraduation was a truly joyful and lively event

heldattheSt.RegisHotelindowntownSanFrancisco.Weareproud tograduate another stellar classof resi-dents and superb outgoing chief residents, NatashaBrasic,MD,JeremyCollins,MD,Yee-LiSun,MD.Theout-goingandnewin-comingchiefresidentsPeterJun,MD,ReemaMunir,MD,DavidNaeger,MD,haveestab-lishedexcellentworkingrelationshipswiththeprogramdirector and associate program directors David Avrin,MD,PhD,andBrettElicker,MD.Afterthesitevisit,Dr.Elickersteppeddownfromassociateprogramdirectortofocusonhisacademicandeducationalpursuits.

All of the senior residents passed their final oralboard examination, and most of the senior class willremainatUCSFforfellowshipsinavarietyofsections.

AkhileshSista,MD,hasauniqueone-yearopportunitytoparticipateintheBiodesignProgramatStanford.Wewishthemallcontinuedsuccessandhappiness.

Wewereonceagainfortunatetohavealargeandimpressivegroupofapplicantsfor2010,alongwithverygratifyingmatchresults.Asyoureadthis,theincoming2009classhasalreadycompleteda significantportionof itsfirst-year rotations, andwewillbehardatworkreviewingapplicationsfortheclasstobeginin2011.

Resident Publications, Presentations, and AwardsOnceagain,our residentshadan incrediblypro-

ductive year, including publication of their researchexperiencesandotherhonors.

•Ingrid Burger, MD, serves as a PGY3 residentrepresentative on the Margulis Society board ofdirectors.Shepublished:Burger,I, KassN,Sun-shine J, Siegelman S. The Use of CT for Screen-ing: A National Survey of Radiologists’ Activitiesand Attitudes.Radiology. 2008 Jul;248(1):160-8;andBurgerI, KassN.ScreeningintheDark:Ethi-calConsiderationsofProvidingScreeningTeststoIndividualsWhenEvidenceisInsufficienttoSup-port Screening Populations. Am J Bioeth. 2009Apr;9(4):3-14.

•Jeremy Collins, MD, participated in the Radio-logical Society of North America (RSNA) TrialsWorkshopinJanuary.HewasawardedtheElmerNgMemorialOutstandingResidentAwardbytheUCSF Department of Radiology and Biomedical

dIagnostIc RadIology ResIdency pRogRaM 2009

Chief Residents 2009-10: David Naeger, MD, Reema Munir, MD, Peter Jun, MD

27

Imaging. He helped organize the AUR meeting,wherehewasaBrogdonpanelspeakeronthetopic“Universal Healthcare and Healthcare DeliveryReform:ChallengesandOpportunitiesforRadiol-ogy.”HeisaResident’sandFellowsSection(RFS)ExecutiveBoardmemberoftheCaliforniaRadio-logical Society, and he organized and assisted inrunningtheRFSmeetinginOctober2008.

•AdamFarkas,MD,receivedaSIRresidentintrain-ingscholarshipfortheSIRannualmeetinginMarch.

•Thomas Hope, MD, published: Hope TA, Her-fkens RJ. Imaging of the Thoracic Aorta withTime-ResolvedThree-DimensionalPhase-ContrastMRI:AReview.Semin ThoracCardiovasc Surg.2008Winter;20(4):358-64; Hope TA, Zarins CK, Her-fkensRJ.InitialExperienceCharacterizingaTypeI Endoleak From Velocity Profiles Using TimeResolvedThreeDimensionalPhaseContrastMRI. J Vasc Surg.2009Jun;49(6):1580-4;HopeTA,Her-fkensRJ,DeniankeKS,LeboitPE,HungYY,WeilE.NephrogenicSystemicFibrosisinPatientsWithChronic Kidney Disease Who Received Gado-pentetate Dimeglumine. Invest Radiol. 2009 Jan15.[Epubaheadofprint];HopeMD,PurcellDD,HopeTA,vonMorzeC,VigneronDB,AlleyMT,Dil-lonWP.CompleteIntracranialArterialandVenousBlood FlowEvaluation With 4D Flow MR Imag-ing.AJNR Am J Neuroradiol.2009Feb;30(2):362-6andHopeMD,MeadowsAK,HopeTA,OrdovasKG,ReddyGP,AlleyMT,HigginsCB.ImagesIn

CardiovascularMedicine.EvaluationofBicuspid-AorticValveandAorticCoarctationWith4DFlowMagnetic Resonance Imaging. Circulation. 2008May27;117(21):2818-9.

Healsopresentedatseveralconferences:HopeTA,ChaopathomkulB,LeBoitPE,HighWA,RogutVS,HerfkensRJ,BraschRC.EffectofIntravenousIrononNephrogenicSystemicFibrosisinRats.ISMRM,April2009.[acceptedabstract];HopeTA,HerfkensRJ, Weil E. The Incidence of Nephrogenic Sys-temicFibrosis inPatientswithRenalFailureWhoHave ReceivedGadopentetate Dimeglumine. JointAnnual Meeting ISMRM-ESMRMB, May 2008;and Hope TA, Hope MD, Bammer R, Alley MT.CombinationOfParallelImagingAndCut-CornerAcquisitionForNeurovascular4D-Flow.JointAn-nualMeetingISMRM-ESMRMB,May2008.HopealsoreviewedabstractsfortheContrastsectionofISMRMandreviewedhisfirstpaperforMagnetic Resonance Imaging.

• Nazia Jafri, MD, published: Jafri NF, Ayyala RS,OzonoffA,Jordan-GrayJ,andSlanetzPJ.Screen-ing Mammography: Does Ethnicity InfluencePatientPreferences forHigherRecallRatesGiventhePotential forEarlierDetectionofBreastCan-cer?Radiology.2008Dec;249(3):785-91.;andJafriNF,WuP,StanfieldL,SlanetzPJ.UseofRadiologicImagingtoEnhancePhysicalDiagnosisInstructionin the Preclinical Curriculum. Acad Radiol. 2008Jul;15(7):942-7.

• Peter Jun, MD is a chief resident of the UCSFDepartmentofRadiologyandBiomedicalImaging.

• Maureen Kohi, MD, received the T32 Traininggrant and the Seed Grant from the DepartmentofRadiologyandBiomedicalImagingtofundherresearch. Her research was accepted at the 12thannualscientificsessionoftheSocietyofCardio-vascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) in January2009,whereshemadeanoralpresentation.Kohi’sposter, “Complications of Abdominopelvic Lapa-roscopicSurgery:ImagingFeatures”wasacceptedat the2009SocietyofGastrointestinalRadiologymeeting.Herpresentation“TheEndsDoNotJus-tifytheMeans:AberrantCoursesofTheCoronaryArteries” won a Certificate of Merit at the 2008RSNA meeting. She also presented at AmericanRoentgenRaySociety(ARRS).Herfellowresidentsselected Kohi to attend the RSNA/Association ofUniversityRadiologistsandtheARRSIntroductiontoResearchProgram.

Collins (right) accepts Elmer Ng Award

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•SharonKwan,MD,presentedatthe34thAnnualSoci-ety of Interventional Radiology Meeting: Kwan SW,FidelmanN,DurackJC,LaBergeJM,GordonRL,Ker-lanRK.“EvaluationofthePortalVenousSystemwithTransarterialCTPortography:Indications,Technique,and Examples”, San Diego, CA, March 7-12, 2009.KwanreceivedtheACRHealthServicesResearchFel-lowship.SheservesasaPGY5residentrepresentativeontheMargulisSocietyboardofdirectors.

•MichaelLu,MD,wasamemberofthe2009ARRSScientific Program Subcommittee (cardiopulmo-nary section). He served as a consultant to theNew England Journal of Medicine Horizons Con-ference, “to help NEJM push the boundaries oftraditional medical publishing.” Lu made severaloralpresentationsatRSNA2008:LuMT,LevitNA,DemehriS,WhitmoreA,ErsoyH,CaiT,RybickiFJ.“Predictionof30-dayMortalityafterAcutePul-monaryEmbolism(PE)UsingIntervalIncreaseinRV/LV Diameter Ratio Obtained from any PriorContrast-enhanced Chest CT.”Proceedings of the94th Scientific Assembly and Annual Meeting oftheRSNA,Chicago,USA,Nov30–Dec05,2008,whichwasbrieflyfeaturedintheRSNA Daily Bul-letin; RSNADailyBulletin,December4,2008:6A.http://rsna2008.rsna.org/upload/35650_RSNA_Daily_Bulletin_Thurs.pdf; and“PulmonaryEmbo-lismaFocusofChest,”SeriesPresentations,RSNANews 2009; March;19(3):11. http://www.rsna.org/Publications/rsnanews/March-2009/upload/RSNA_News_March2009.pdf(seepage11).

Hepublished: LuMT,LevitNA,DemehriS,Whit-more A, Ersoy H, Cai T, Rybicki FJ.Prediction of30-daymortalityafteracutepulmonaryembolism(PE)usingintervalincreaseinRV/LVdiameterratioobtained from any prior contrast-enhanced chestCT. Proceedings of the 94th Scientific Assemblyand Annual Meeting of the RSNA,Chicago, USA,Nov 30 – Dec 05, 2008, International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging

•GingerMerry,MD,receivedaSIRresidentintrainingscholarshipfortheSIRannualmeetinginMarch.

•ReemaMunir,MD,isachiefresidentoftheUCSFDepartmentofRadiologyandBiomedicalImagingprogram.

•David Naeger, MD, is a chief resident of theUCSFDepartmentofRadiologyandBiomedicalImagingprogram;chairofAmericanAllianceofAcademic Chiefs Residents in Radiology (A3R2);and is a limited member on the Academic Uni-versityRadiologistsBoard.HeservesastheUCSF

Radiology Residency coordinator on the ClinicalEducator Track Committee. Naeger was named aT32ResearchFellow,beginningJuly2009.

•Judong Pan, MD, published two articles: MeniscalT1rhoObtainedwith3.0TMRIisIncreasedDirectlyAfterand3MonthsAfterRunningAMarathon.Chris-tophStehling,AnthonyLuke,RobertStahl,ThomasBaum, Judong Pan, Thomas M. Link, 95th RSNAScientificAssemblyandAnnualMeeting,November29-December 4, 2009, Chicago, Illinois; and Iden-tification Of A Novel Common Proviral IntegrationSite,Flit-1,inFelineLeukemiaVirusInducedThymicLymphoma.FujinoY,LiaoCP,ZhaoYS,PanJ,MathesLE,HayesKA,OhnoK,TsujimotoH,Roy-BurmanP.Virology.2009Mar30;386(1):16-22.

•RainerPoley,MD,receivedtheUCSFDepartmentofRadiology andBiomedical ImagingSeedGrantfor his project “Detection Of Early Hepatocellu-lar Carcinoma: Incremental Benefit of Diffusion-Weighted And Hepatocyte-Selective GadoliniumContrast-Enhanced MR Imaging,” Poley RN andQayyumA.HepresentedPoleyRN,SteinbachLS,Riley GM, “Labral Tear or Normal Vessel? BloodVessels Mimicking Pathology in Musculoskele-tal MRI” at the Education Exhibit RSNA 2008,ECR2009.HepublishedPoleyRN,HoJ,Good-ingGA.SonographicFindingsOfSystemicAndHepaticVenousGasAssociatedWithHemodialy-sis.J Ultrasound Med 2009 Apr;28:533-536.Outsideofthelab,Poley’steamplaced22outof200intheCampPendleton10KMudRun.

•VictorSai,MD,servesasaPGY2residentrepresen-tativeontheMargulisSocietyboardofdirectors.

•John (Gabe)Schneider,MD, conducted researchwithBenjaminYeh,MD,usingintravenouscontrasttiming bolus to optimize scan quality and lesionconspicuity in the late arterial and portal venousphasesonliverCT.Hispresentationofthesedatainanabstracttitled,SchneiderJG,WangZJ,Coak-ley FV, Joe BN, Yang Z, Yeh BM. “Hyper- AndHypovascularLiverLesionConspicuity:Compari-son of Fixed Scan Delays Versus Patient-SpecificScanDelaysDeterminedbyaNovelTimingBolusMethod”attheSocietyofComputedBodyTomog-raphyandMagneticResonance31stAnnualCourseinCharleston,SCwona“CumLaude”award.

Schneideralsopresenteddataregardinglatearterialphasescanqualityatthe108thAnnualMeetingoftheARRSinWashington:DC:SchneiderJG,WangZJ,CoakleyFV,JoeBN,YangZ,YehBM.“QualityofLateArterialPhaseHepaticCT:ComparisonOf

29

Patient-SpecificScanDelaysDeterminedbyaTim-ingBoluswithFixedScanDelays.”

•FabioSettecase,MD,wasthepresentingauthorattheAmericanSocietyofNeuroradiology,47thAnnualMeeting:RSDesikan,HJCabral,FSettecase(pre-sentingauthor),CPHess,WPDillon,CMGlaston-bury,MWWeiner,NJSchmansky,DNGreve,DHSalat, RL Buckner, B Fischl, and Alzheimer’s Dis-ease Neuroimaging Initiative, “Automated MRIMeasuresOfRegionalCorticalThicknessAndGrayMatterVolumePredictProgressionFromMildCog-nitiveImpairmentToAlzheimer’sDisease”,Vancou-ver, Canada, May 17-21st, 2009. He also receivedastipend/scholarship toattendthe Introduction toAcademic Radiology Program at the RSNA’s 91stScientificMeeting,Chicago,ILin2008andwasthe2008-09 radiology resident representative to theUCSFGraduateMedicalEducationCommittee.

•VinilShah,MD,servesasaPGY4residentrepresen-tativeontheMargulisSocietyboardofdirectors.

•TimothyShepherd,MD,PhD, receivedthe2009MargulisSocietyResearchGrantandthe2009-10T32Fellowship,andwasfirstauthoron:TMShep-herd,JJFlint,PEThelwall,GJStanisz,THMareci,AT Yachnis, SJ Blackband. Postmortem IntervalAlters theWaterRelaxationandDiffusionProper-tiesofRatNervousTissue–ImplicationsforMRIStudies Of Human Autopsy Samples. Neuroim-age 2009;44(3):820-826; and TM Shepherd, PEThelwall,GJStanisz,SJBlackband.AldehydeFixa-tiveSolutionsAltertheWaterRelaxationandDiffu-sionPropertiesofNervousTissue.Magn.Res.Med.(inpress,2009).

•DavidWilsonMD,PhD,published:WilsonDM,Hurd RE, Keshari K, Van Criekinge M, Chen AP,Nelson SJ, Vigneron DB, Kurhanewicz J. Gen-erationofhyperpolarizedsubstratesbysecondarylabelingwith[1,1-13C]aceticanhydride.Proc Natl Acad Sci.2009Apr7;106(14):5503-7.

In press are: Keshari, KR, Wilson DM, Chen,AP,Bok,R,Larson,PEZ,Hu,S,Macdonald, JM,Vigneron,DBandKurhanewiczJ“Hyperpolarized[2-13C]-Fructose:ANewDNPSubstrateforIn VivoMetabolicImaging”andKeshariK,KurhanewiczJ,WilsonDM,JeffriesRE,DewarBJ,VanCrienkingeM,VigneronDB,MacdonaldJM.“Hyperpolarized13CSpectroscopyandaNovelNMR-CompatibleBioreactorSystemForInvestigationOfReal-TimeCellularMetabolism”.

Hisabstractsinclude:WilsonDM,KeshariK,Chen

A,HuS,LarsonP,VigneronD,KurhanewiczJ.“Co-PolarizationOf(1-13C)PyruvateAnd13CSodiumBicarbonate by Dynamic Nuclear PolarizationAllowsSimultaneousAssessmentofIn VivoPhandTumor Metabolism.” (ISMRM 2009, accepted forposterpresentation);WilsonDM,HurdRE,KeshariK,VanCriekingeM,ChenAP,NelsonSJ,VigneronDB, Kurhanewicz J. “Generation Of Hyperpolar-ized Substrates by Secondary Labeling with [1,1-13C]AceticAnhydride.” (ISMRM2009, acceptedfororalpresentation);WilsonDM,KeshariK,ChenA, Hu S, Van Crienkinge M, Larson P, VigneronD, Kurhanewicz K. “Hyperpolarized [2-13C]Fructose:ANewProbeforDynamicNuclearPre-sentation.” (ENC 2009, accepted for poster pre-sentation); Wilson DM, Chen A, Hurd RE, BokR, Park I, Kurhanewicz J, Nelson S, Vigneron D.“Hyperpolarized 1-[13C]- Ethyl Pyruvate: A NewProbeForMetabolicImagingoftheBrain.”(ASNR2009, accepted for oral presentation); Keshari K,Wilson DM, Chen A, Vigneron D, KurhanewiczJ. “Multimetabolite Spectroscopy using DynamicNuclearPolarization.”(ISMRM2009,acceptedforposter presentation); and Chen A, CunninghamCH,WilsonDM,KohlerSJ,VigneronDB,HurdRE.“Secondary Substrate Assisted Dynamic NuclearPolarization.” (ISMRM 2009, accepted for posterpresentation); and Chen A, Hurd RE, Wilson D,GuY,WrightG,Cunningham.“13CMRIReporterProbeSystemWithDynamicNuclearPolarization.”(ISMRM2009,acceptedforposterpresentation).

WilsonwasawardedboththedepartmentalseedgrantandtheNIHtraininggrant(NIBIBT32)for2008andtheMargulisSocietyResidentResearchAward.

• Dorota Wisner, MD, PhD, was the 2009 recipi-entoftheAAWRLucyFrankSquireDistinguishedResidentAwardinDiagnosticRadiology.Shepartici-pated in several presentations: Jakubowski WisnerD,ChangB,FlowersC,LessingJ,HwangS,JoeB,HyltonN,“PreoperativeBreastMRIAccuracyfortheEstimationOfDCISGrade,Extent,andOccultInva-siveDisease,”Fifth Annual UCSF Imaging Research Symposium,SanFrancisco,CA,9/2008;JakubowksiWisner D, Chang B, Flowers C, Joe B, Lessing J,GibbsJ,ItakuraK,HwangS,HyltonN,“PreoperativeBreastMRIForPredictionOfOccult InvasiveDis-ease,”American Roentgen Ray Society Annual Meet-ing,Boston,Mass.,4/2009;andJakubowskiWisnerD,ChangB,TsoH,JoeB,LessingJ,GibbsJ,ItakuraK,HwangS,HyltonN, “KineticsandMorphologyof Biopsy-Proven DCIS on Preoperative MRI: CanWePredictOccultInvasiveDisease?,”InternationalSocietyofMagneticResonanceinMedicineAnnualMeeting,Honolulu,Hawaii,April,2009.

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In 2010, UCSF will graduate its first group ofnuclear residents trained under the new, three-yearrequirementsof theAccreditationCouncil forGradu-ate Medical Education. THE UCSF Nuclear Medi-cine Residency Program trains residents as experts ininterpretingnuclearmedicineimagingstudiesandthetherapeuticapplicationofradioisotopes.The2009-10nuclear medicine residents, David Carlson, MD, andNhanNguyen,MD,both in theirfinalyearasPGY4swillgraduatewithafull12monthsofcomputertomog-raphy (CT),aswell aswideexposure to futuredirec-tions in molecular imaging, bio-medical physics, andcross-sectionalimaging.

While many nuclear medicine residencies countPET/CT toward meeting the newer requirements,UCSF sets itself apart by having nuclear residentsrotatethroughChestandAbdominalImagingfordedi-catedtrainingindiagnosticCT,separatefromPET/CT.NuclearmedicineresidentscompletetheirUCSFtrain-ing competent in interpreting PET, PET/CT, SPECT,SPECT/CT,andallgammacamerastudies.

A Daily Presence at China BasinNguyenandCarlsonarethefirstnuclearmedi-

cineresidentstohaveadailypresenceatChinaBasin.They work with an attending physician using thestate-of-the-artequipmentavailablethere.Forexam-ple,theChinaBasincyclotronenablesproductionofradioisotopesnototh-erwiseavailableduetotheir short half-lives.“Our nuclear medi-cine residents may bethe only ones in thecountry able to learnhow todo stressmyo-cardialperfusionimag-ingusingradio-labeledN-13ammonia,thanksto our cyclotron,” saidRandall A. Hawkins,MD, PhD, who directsthe residency pro-gram. “They also areable to use the China

BasinSPECT/CTcamera.ExamplesofthetechniquesnuclearresidentsareabletoperformusingSPECT/CTincludeparathyroidsestamibi.Thisisnotbeingdoneinverymanyplaces.”

Theresidentshavealsolearnedhowto:•UseSPECT/CTlymphoscintigraphyformelanoma

and breast cancer patients, providing surgeonswiththeexactanatomiclocationofsentinelnodes

•Perform lymph injections for breast surgeons;lymphoscintigraphy continues to be the onlyimagingmodalityabletoconfidentlyidentifysen-tinellymphnodespreoperatively

•PerformwholebodySPECT/CTwithI-123MIBGforpatientswithneuroendocrinetumors,enablingclinicianstoidentifyrecurrenceatanearlierstage,and todetermine thebest response to treatmentwithanincreasedconfidence

Resident Presents at Professional MeetingsNuclear Medicine Resident Dr. David Carlson

presentedaneducationexhibitatRSNA2008titled,“Making SUVs Work for You: Proper Use of SUVsin PET/CT Image Interpretation and Reporting.”Healsowasinvitedtospeakatthe2009NorthernCali-fornia Society of Nuclear MedicineChapter Meetingon“ThyrogenandTherapy.”ThisdiscussionfocusedontheuseofrecombinanthumanTSHinpreparingthyroid cancerpatients for I-131 ablative treatment

followingatotalthy-roidectomy. He co-presented a scientificposteratthe2009Soci-ety of Nuclear Medi-cineAnnualMeetingtitled,“16sliceSPECT/CT May Decrease theNumber of In-111Labeled Antibod-ies anti-PSMAScansConsidered Inconclu-siveforDefinitiveDis-easeandProvideMoreConfidence on Posi-tiveFindings.”

Nuclear Medicine Residents: David M. Carlson, MD, (left) and Nhan T. T. Nguyen, MD (right)

nUcleaR MedIcIne ResIdency expands knowledge base

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IncoMIng dIagnostIc RadIology ResIdents 2009

fIRst yeaR

Marjan s. bolouri, MdMD2008 BaylorCollegeofMedicine,Houston,Texas2008-2009 BaylorCollegeofMedicine,Houston,TexasInternalMedicineInternship

Research:2002-2003MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,Cambridge,Mass.

publications: DonnellyR,BolouriMS,PrashadSJ,CoverdaleJH,HaysJR,KahnDA.ComorbidCapgrasandDiogenessyndromes.J Psychiatr Pract.2008Sep;14(5):312-7.

MoothaVK,BunkenborgJ,OlsenJV,HjerrildM,WisniewskiJR,StahlE,BolouriMS,RaHN,SihagS,KamalM,PattersonN,LanderES,MannM.Integratedanalysisofproteincomposition,tissuediversity,andgeneregulationinmousemitochondria.Cell.2003Nov26;115(5):629-40.

Matthew bucknor, MdMD2008 StanfordUniversity,SchoolofMedicine,PaloAlto,Calif.2008-2009 KaiserPermanente,SanFrancisco,Calif.InternalMedicineInternship

Research:2008-2009 KaiserPermanente,SanFrancisco,Calif.

2006-2007 UniversityofCaliforniaSanFrancisco,CardiacImagingand InterventionalMRISections

2004-2005 StanfordUniversity,SchoolofMedicine;PaloAlto,Calif.

2002 HarvardMedicalSchool,DepartmentofSocialMedicine,Boston,Mass.

publications: HepworthEJ,BucknorM,PatelA,andVaughanWC.Nationwidesurveyontheuseofimage-guidedfunctionalendoscopicsinussurgery.OtolaryngolHeadNeckSurg.2006;135:68-73.

JacquierA,BucknorM,DoL,RobertP,CorotC,HigginsCB,SaeedM.P846,anewgadoliniumbasedlowdiffusionmagneticresonancecontrastagent,incharacterizingocclusiveinfarcts,reperfusedischemicmyocardiumandreperfusedinfarctsinrats.MAGMA.2008May;21(3):207-18.

SaeedM,MartinA,JacquierA,BucknorM,SalonerD,DoL,UrsellP,SuH,KanYW,HigginsCB.Permanentcoronaryarteryocclusion:cardiovascularMRimagingisplatformforpercutaneoustransendocardialdeliveryandassessmentofgenetherapyincaninemodel.Radiology.2008Nov;249(2):560-71.

SaeedM,MartinA,UrsellP,DoL,BucknorM,HigginsCB,SalonerD.MRassessmentofmyocardialperfusion,viability,andfunctionafterintramyocardialtransferofVM202,anewplasmidhumanhepatocytegrowthfactorinischemicswinemyocardium.Radiology.2008Oct;249(1):107-18.

abby e. deans, MdMD2008 NewYorkUniversitySchoolofMedicine,NewYorkPhD2008 NewYorkUniversitySchoolofMedicine,NewYork2008-2009 St.Mary’sMedicalCenter,SanFrancisco,Calif.PreliminaryMedicineIntern

Research: 8/2002-5/2008 NewYorkUniversitySchoolofMedicine,NewYork

publications: DeansAE,WadghiriYZ,BernasLM,YuX,RuttBK,TurnbullDH.CellularMRI

contrastviacoexpressionoftransferrinreceptorandferritin.Magn Reson Med.2006Jul;56(1):51-9.

MoyL,PonzoF,NozME,MaguireGQJr,Murphy-WalcottAD,DeansAE,KitazonoMT,TravascioL,KramerEL.ImprovingspecificityofbreastMRIusingpronePETandfusedMRIandPET3Dvolumedatasets.J Nucl Med.2007Apr;48(4):528-37.

YangX,LiuH,LiD,ZhouX,JungWC,DeansAE,CuiY,ChengL.Digitalopticalimagingofgreenfluorescentproteinsfortrackingvasculargeneexpression:feasibilitystudyinrabbitandhumancellmodels. Radiology.2001Apr;219(1):171-5.


thor Johnson, Md, phdMD2008 IndianaUniversitySchoolofMedicine,Indianapolis,Ind.PhD2007 IndianaUniversity,Bloomington,Ind.2008-2009 St.VincentHospital,Indianapolis,Ind.MedicineInternship

Research: 2004-2006 NationalHeart,Lung,andBloodInstitute,NationalInstitutesofHealth,LaboratoryofCardiacEnergetics,Bethesda,Maryland

2004-2006 IndianaUniversity,SchoolofMedicine,DepartmentofBiochemistryandCellBiology,Indianapolis,Ind.

publications:AponteAM,PhillipsD,HarrisRA,BlinovaK,FrenchS,JohnsonDT,BalabanRS.32Plabelingofproteinphosphorylationandmetaboliteassociationinthemitochondriamatrix.Methods Enzymol.2009;457:63-80.

AponteAM,PhillipsD,HopperRK,JohnsonDT,HarrisRA,BlinovaK,BojaES,FrenchS,BalabanRS.Useof(32)Ptostudydynamicsofthemitochondrialphosphoproteome.J Proteome Res.2009Jun;8(6):2679-95.

HopperRK,CarrollS,AponteAM,JohnsonDT,FrenchS,ShenRF,WitzmannFA,HarrisRA,BalabanRS.Mitochondrialmatrixphosphoproteome:effectofextramitochondrialcalcium. Biochemistry.2006Feb28;45(8):2524-36.

JohnsonDT,HarrisRA,BlairPV,BalabanRS.Functionalconsequencesofmitochondrialproteomeheterogeneity.Am J Physiol Cell Physiol.2007Feb;292(2):C698-707.

JohnsonDT,HarrisRA,FrenchS,AponteA,BalabanRS.ProteomicchangesassociatedwithdiabetesintheBB-DPrat.Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab.2009Mar;296(3):E422-32.

JohnsonDT,HarrisRA,FrenchS,BlairPV,YouJS,BemisKG,WangM,andBalabanRS.Tissueheterogeneityofthemammalianmitochondrialproteome.Am J Physiol Cell Physiol.2007Feb;292(2):C689-97.

lauren a. kahn, MdMD2008 DukeUniversity,Durham,N.C.2008-2009 LenoxHillHospital,NewYork,N.Y.InternalMedicineInternship

Research:2006-2007 DukeUniversityMedicalCenter,DouglasTylerSurgicalOncologyLaboratory,Durham,N.C.

2003-2004 DukeUniversityMedicalCenter,BruceKlitzmanPlasticSurgeryLaboratory,Durham,N.C.

alexander w. keedy, MdMD2008 UniversityofCaliforniaIrvineSchoolofMedicine,Irvine2008-2009 KaiserPermanente,Oakland,Calif.InternalMedicineInternship

Research:2006-2009 UniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco,DepartmentofRadiologyandBiomedicalImaging2002-2003 SantaClaraUniversity,SantaClara,Calif.2001-2003 GalileoLaboratories,SantaClara,Calif.

publications:KeedyA.Anoverviewofintracranialaneurysms.Mcgill J Med.2006Jul;9(2):141-6.

KeedyA,WestphalenAC,QayyumA,AslamR,RybkinAV,ChenMH,CoakleyFV.Diagnosisofcirrhosisbyspiralcomputedtomography:acase-controlstudywithfeatureanalysisandassessmentofinterobserveragreement.J Comput Assist Tomogr.2008Mar-Apr;32(2):198-203.

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kevin koo, Md MD2008 UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,DavidGeffenSchoolofMedicine, LosAngeles2008-2009 SantaClaraValleyMedicalCenter,SanJose,Calif.InternalMedicineInternship

Research: 2007-2008UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,DepartmentofRadiologicalSciences

2007 UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,DepartmentsofPediatricsandRadiology

2006 UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,DepartmentofPediatricsandSurgery

2005 UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,DepartmentofCardiothoracicSurgery

John Mongan, Md MD2008 UniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,SanDiegoPhD2008 UniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,SanDiego2008-2009 KaiserPermanente,Oakland,Calif.InternalMedicineInternship

publications:HamelbergD,MonganJ,McCammonJA.Acceleratedmoleculardynamics:apromisingandefficientsimulationmethodforbiomolecules.J Chem Phys. 2004Jun22;120(24):11919-29.

LewisJA,MonganJ,McCammonJA,CohenSM.Evaluationandbinding-modepredictionofthiopyrone-basedinhibitorsofanthraxlethalfactor.ChemMedChem.2006Jul;1(7):694-7.

MonganJ,CaseDA.BiomolecularsimulationsatconstantpH.Curr Opin Struct Biol.2005Apr;15(2):157-63.

MonganJ,Svrcek-SeilerWA,OnufrievA.AnalysisofintegralexpressionsforeffectiveBornradii.J Chem Phys.2007Nov14;127(18):185101.

SwansonJM,MonganJ,McCammonJA.Limitationsofatom-centereddielectricfunctionsinimplicitsolventmodels.J Phys Chem B.2005Aug11;109(31):14769-72.

victor f. sai, MdMD2008 UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,DavidGeffenSchoolofMedicine,LosAngeles2008-2009 UniversityofHawai’i,ManoaInternship2007 AlphaOmegaAlpha

Research:2005-2008 UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,DavidGeffenSchoolofMedicine,DepartmentofRadiology,LosAngeles

2004 MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology/Harvard,DivisionofHealthSciencesandTechnology,Cambridge,Mass.

publications:PopeWB,KimHJ,HuoJ,AlgerJ,BrownMS,GjertsonD,SaiV,YoungJR,TekchandaniL,CloughesyT,MischelPS,LaiA,NghiemphuP,RahmanuddinS,GoldinJ.Recurrentglioblastomamultiforme:ADChistogramanalysispredictsresponsetobevacizumabtreatment.Radiology.2009Jul;252(1):182-9.

Ronnie a. sebro, Md, phdMD2008 UniversityofCaliforniaSanFrancisco,SchoolofMedicine,SanFranciscoPhD2007 HarvardUniversity,GraduateSchoolofArtsandSciences,Cambridge,Mass.

Research:2003-05 StanfordUniversity,DepartmentofGenetics,PaloAlto,Calif.

1999-2001 HarvardMedicalSchool/McLeanHospital,Boston,Mass.

publications:BerrettaS,LangeN,BhattacharyyaS,SebroR,GarcesJ,BenesFM.Long-termeffects

ofamygdalaGABAreceptorblockadeonspecificsubpopulationsofhippocampalinterneurons.Hippocampus.2004;14(7):876-94.

StoneDJ,WalshJP,SebroR,StevensR,PantazopolousH,BenesFM.EffectsofPre-andPost-natalCorticosteroneExposureontheRatHippocampalGABASystemHippocampus. 2001;11(5):492-507.

UrbanTJ,SebroR,HurowitzEH,LeabmanMK,BadagnaniI,LagpacanLL,RischN,GiacominiKM.Functionalgenomicsofmembranetransportersinhumanpopulations.Genome Res.2006Feb;16(2):223-30.


leo p. sugrue. Md, phdMD2007 JohnsHopkinsUniversity,SchoolofMedicine,Baltimore,MarylandPhD2008 StanfordUniversity,SchoolofMedicine,PaloAlto,Calif.2007-2008 StanfordUniversityHospitalandClinics,PaloAlto,Calif.InternalMedicineInternship

Research:2008-2009 StanfordUniversity,HowardHughesMedicalInstitute,PaloAlto,Calif.

2004-2007 MaxPlanckInstituteforBiologicalCybernetics,LaboratoryofNikosLogothetis,Tübingen,Germany

publications: CorradoGS,SugrueLP,SeungHS,NewsomeWT.Linear-Nonlinear-Poissonmodelsofprimatechoicedynamics.J Exp Anal Behav. 2005Nov;84(3):581-617

SugrueLP,CorradoGS,NewsomeWT.Choosingthegreateroftwogoods:neuralcurrenciesforvaluationanddecisionmaking.Nat Rev Neurosci.2005May;6(5):363-75.

SugrueLP,CorradoGS,NewsomeWT.Matchingbehaviorandtherepresentationofvalueintheparietalcortex.Science.2004Jun18;304(5678):1782-7.

s. Jarrett wrenn, Md, phdMD2008 StanfordUniversitySchoolofMedicine,MedicalScientistTrainingProgram,PaloAlto,Calif.

PhD2008 StanfordUniversitySchoolofMedicine,MedicalScientistTrainingProgram,PaloAlto,Calif.

2008–2009 KaiserPermanente–SanFrancisco,SanFrancisco,Calif.InternalMedicinePreliminaryInternship

Research:2000-2008 StanfordUniversitySchoolofMedicine,DepartmentofBiochemistry,PaloAlto,Calif.

publications:WrennSJ,HarburyPB.Chemicalevolutionasatoolformoleculardiscovery.Annu Rev Biochem.2007;76:331-49.Review.

WrennSJ,WeisingerRM,HalpinDR,HarburyPB.Syntheticligandsdiscoveredbyinvitroselection. J Am Chem Soc.2007Oct31;129(43):13137-43.

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etay ziv, MdMD2008 ColumbiaUniversity,CollegeofPhysicians&Surgeons,NewYork,N.Y.PhD2006 ColumbiaUniversityDepartmentofBiomedicalEngineering,NewYork,N.Y.2008-2009 Mt.SinaiHospital,NewYork,N.Y.InternalMedicineInternship

Research:2006 LawrenceBerkeleyNationalLaboratory,Berkeley,Calif.

2002-2006 ColumbiaUniversityDepartmentsofBiomedicalEngineeringandAppliedMathematics,NewYork,N.Y.

publications:DotanI,ZivE,DafniN,BeckmanJS,McCannRO,GloverCV,CanaaniD.Functionalconservationbetweenthehuman,nematode,andyeastCK2cellcyclegenes.BiochemBiophysResCommun.2001Nov2;288(3):603-9.

MiddendorfM,ZivE,WigginsCH.Inferringnetworkmechanisms:theDrosophilamelanogasterproteininteractionnetwork.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005Mar1;102(9):3173-4.

MuglerA,ZivE,NemenmanI,WigginsCH.Seriallyregulatedbiologicalnetworksfullyrealiseaconstrainedsetoffunctions.IET Syst Biol.2008Sep;2(5):313-22.

ZivE,KoytcheffR,MiddendorfM,WigginsC.Systematicidentificationofstatisticallysignificantnetworkmeasures.Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys.2005Jan;71(1Pt2):016110.

ZivE,MiddendorfM,WigginsCH.Information-theoreticapproachtonetworkmodularity.Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys.2005Apr;71(4Pt2):046117.

ZivE,NemenmanI,WigginsCH.Optimalsignalprocessinginsmallstochasticbiochemicalnetworks.PLoS One. 2007Oct24;2(10):e1077.

vishal k. agarwal, MdMD2009 UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,DavidGeffenSchoolofMedicine,LosAngeles2007-2008 OliveView-UCLAMedicalCenter,Sylmar,Calif.InternalMedicineInternship

Research: 9/2005-2009 UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,DepartmentofRadiology,LosAngeles

6/2004-2009 Cedars-SinaiMedicalCenter,DepartmentofPediatricsandMedicalGenetics,LosAngeles,Calif.

2001-2004 UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,DepartmentofRadiology,DepartmentofMicrobiologyandImmunology,LosAngeles,Calif.

publications:AgarwalVK,LachmanRS,RimoinDL,WilcoxWR.Spondylo-mega-epiphysealdysplasiawithprominentupperlimbmesomelia,punctatecalcifications,anddeafness.Am J Med Genet A.2005Jul30;136(3):233-41.

RonniT,AgarwalV,HaykinsonM,HaberlandME,ChengG,SmaleST.Commoninteractionsurfacesofthetoll-likereceptor4cytoplasmicdomainstimulatemultiplenucleartargets.Mol Cell Biol. 2003Apr;23(7):2543-55.

second yeaR


second, tHIRd and foURtH yeaRdIagnostIc RadIology ResIdents 2009-2010second year ResidentsVishalAgarwal,MDIngridBurger,MD,PhDRenuChundru,MDThomasHope,MDNaziaF.Jafri,MDMarcA.Laberge,MDMichaelT.Lu,MDGingerMerry,MD,MPHMichaelA.Ohliger,MD,PhDJ.GabeSchneider,MDAniaJ.Szary,MDJasonF.Talbott,MD,PhDKiarashVahidi,MD

third year ResidentsGloriaChia-YiChiang,MDJoseJuanDiaz-Hernandez,MDAdamFarkas,MDJeffreyJ.Hom,MDK.PallavKolli,MDMoiraA.O’Riordan,MDJudongPan,MD,PhDMariaParayno,MDAndrewPhelps,MDFabioSettecase,MDVinilN.Shah,MDTimothyM.Shepherd,MD,PhDDivyaSridhar,MDAndrewG.Taylor,MD,PhDMaxChangWu,MD,PhD

fourth year Residents

PeterJun,MD,ChiefNayelaN.Keen,MDMaureenP.Kohi,MDShilpaR.Kumbhani,MDSharonW.Kwan,MDHeatherG.Moreno,MDReemaM.Munir,MD,ChiefDavidM.Naeger,MD,ChiefRainerN.Poley,MDLaurenB.Raher,MDKatherineJ.To’o,MD

nUcleaR MedIcIne ResIdents 2009-2010DavidM.Carlson,MD NhanT.T.Nguyen,MD

clInIcal fellows/InstRUctoRs In RadIology 2009-2010LetiziaAntonietti,MDNeurointerventional

CourtnayBloomer,MDNeuroradiology

NatashaBrasic,MDUltrasound/Women’sImaging

PeterChuang,MDSFGH

JesseCourtier,MDPediatrics

HamedFared,MDNeurointerventional

CormacFarrelly,MDInterventional

ZacharyFisher,MDMusculoskeletal

EugeneHagiwara,MDInterventional

HeidiHenslee,MDSFGH

RichardHong,MDMusculoskeletal

MichaelHope,MDCardiacandPulmonaryImaging

SapnaJain,MDNeuroradiology

AdamJung,MD,PhDAbdominalImaging

ZinaKellow,MDUltrasound/Women’sImaging

JamesKim,MDAbdominalImaging

JosephKim,MDSFGH

WarrenKim,MDNeuroradiology

StephenKralik,MDNeuroradiology

PamelaMallari,MDInterventional

AnnaMeyerson,MDWomen’sImaging

ThomasNguyen,MDAbdominalImaging

RobinOlander,MDVAMC

EleanorOrmsby,MDAbdominalImaging

JosephPark,MDInterventional

NandiniPatel,MDNeuroradiology

RaminSaket,MDNeuroradiology

RobertShih,MDNeuroradiology

RaviSingh,MDMusculoskeletal

Yee-LiSun,MDAbdominalImaging

JamesTatum,MDNeurointerventional

ThomasUrbania,MDCardiacandPulmonaryImaging

AlinaUzelac,DONeuroradiology

JessicaWalls,MDAbdominalImaging

DavidWilson,MD,PhDNeuroradiology

DorotaWisner,MD,PhDWomen’sImaging

SunYoung,MDNeuroradiology

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Natasha Brasic, MD FellowshipinUltrasoundandWomen’sImaging,UCSF

Jeremy D. Collins, MD ClinicalCardiovascularFellowship,NorthwesternMemorialHospital,Chicago,Ill.

Michael D. Hope, MD FellowshipinCardiacandPulmonaryImaging,UCSF

Sapna K. Jain, MD FellowshipinNeuroradiology,UCSF

Amita Kamath, MD FellowshipinBodyMR/CardiovascularImaging,NewYorkUniversity,NewYork,N.Y.

Jafi A. Lipson, MD FellowshipinBreastImaging,StanfordUniversity,PaloAlto,Calif.

Anna F. Meyerson, MD FellowshipinWomen’sImaging,UCSF

Michael D. Ringler, MD FellowshipinMusculoskeletalImaging&Intervention,MayoClinic,Rochester,Minn.

Akhilesh K. Sista, MD StanfordBiodesignFellowship,PaloAlto,Calif.

Yee-Li Sun, MD FellowshipinAbdominalImaging,UCSF

Thomas H. Urbania, MD FellowshipinCardiacandPulmonaryImaging,UCSF

David M. Wilson, MD, PhD FellowshipinNeuroradiology,UCSF

Dorota Jakubowski Wisner, MD, PhD FellowshipinWomen’sImaging,UCSF

RadIology ResIdent gRadUatesclass of 2009Congratulations to our 2009 graduates. We wish them success in their new positions.

2009 Diagnostic Radiology Resident Graduates: (l-r) Yee-Li Sun, MD, Akhilesh K. Sista, MD, Michael D. Ringler, MD, David M. Wilson, MD, PhD, Thomas H. Urbania, MD, Michael D. Hope, MD, Jafi A. Lipson, MD, Natasha Brasic, MD, Amita Kamath, MD, Dorota Jakubowski Wisner, MD, PhD, Anna F. Meyerson, MD, Jeremy D. Collins, MD (Sapna K. Jain, MD, not pictured).

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d e p a r t m e n t a l u p d a t e

On May 1, Gabby Blumenkrantz, Peder Larson, PhD, and Ilwoo Park presented the research papers that earned them Young Investigator awards from the INDNJC Foundation. The director of the Surbeck Laboratory of Advanced Imaging, Professor Sarah J.

Blumenkranz, larson, and park earn Young InvestIgators’ awards from the surBeck laBoratorY of advanced ImagIng By Hillie Cousart, PhD

Nelson, PhD, moderated the mini-symposium along with Richard Gowen, PhD, president of the Board of the INDNJC Foundation, The audience in Byers Auditorium in Genentech Hall included members of the UCSF research community, representatives of the INDNJC Board, and friends of Margaret Hart Surbeck.

The Margaret Hart Surbeck Laboratory of Advanced Imaging is dedicated to improving high-field imaging to advance our understanding of a wide range of diseases and to assess emerging treatments. The primary focus is on maximizing the potential to use imaging in evaluating and treating cancer, neurologic, and musculoskeletal diseases. Each year, approximately 30 postdoctoral fellows and graduate students receive training under the guidance of the lab’s principal investigators. This year, these young scholars submitted 22 articles in the competition for awards established through the INDNJC Foundation in honor of Margaret Hart Surbeck. The awards provide small grants for career development.

First Place Study of Clinical Symptoms of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration

Top honors went to Gabby Blumenkrantz for “In Vivo 3 Tesla Magnetic Resonance T1r and T2

Relaxation Mapping in subjects with Intervertebral Disc Degeneration and Clinical Symptoms,” Blumenkrantz G, Zuo J, Li X, Kornak J, Link TM, Majumdar S. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 2009, submitted.

Despite the high prevalence of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) worldwide, diagnosis in the early stages of symptomatic disease is elusive in clinical practice. Recent studies have proposed that MRI T1r and T2 relaxation times are associated with early degenerative changes in the extracellular matrix of the disc. This study evaluated the relationship between T1r and T2 relaxation time and degenerative grade in intervertebral discs using in vivo MR imaging at 3 Tesla, and investigated the relationship between T1r and T2 relaxation time and clinical findings as quantified by the SF-36 questionnaire

Figure 1: A representative T1r color map of a healthy subject (1A) and a subject with disc degeneration (1B). The T1r values in the healthy discs are greater than those in the degenerative discs

Figure 2: Comparison between hyperpolarized carbon-13 spectra and the corresponding anatomical images between a rat with intracranial tumor (A) and a control rat (B). Carbon-13 spectra in the contrast-enhancing lesion of the rat with tumor show highly elevated lactate and pyruvate peak. Metabolic maps of carbon-13 imaging parameters (C) also show significant differences between a rat with tumor and a control rat.

39

(physicalhealth)andOswestryDisabilityIndex(ODI).The16participantsinthestudycompletedSF-36andODI questionnaires. In vivo 3.0 Tesla MRI T1r andT2 mapping was performed to quantify T1r and T2relaxationtimesinthenucleusoftheintervertebraldiscandT2-weighted imageswereacquired forPfirrmanngrading(degenerativegrade).Thestudydemonstrateda negative relationship between Pfirrmann gradeand relaxation time. In addition, T1r relaxation timewas significantly associated with clinical symptoms,quantifiedusingtheSF-36andODIquestionnaires.ThisstudysuggeststhatT1rrelaxationtimemaybesensitivetoearlydegenerativechangesandclinicalsymptomsinintervertebraldiscdegeneration.(SeeFigure1)

Blumenkrantz is a PhD candidate in the UCSF/UCB Joint Graduate Group in Bioengineering. SheworksintheMusculoskeletalandQuantitativeImagingResearchGroupdirectedbySharmilaMajumdar,PhD,and Thomas Link, MD, PhD. Blumenkrantz receivedherBSinMechanicalEngineeringfromUCBerkeley.

Tumor Hyperpolarized Pyruvate DynamicsPeder Larson’s paper “Investigation of Tumor

Hyperpolarized [1-13C]-Pyruvate Dynamics usingTime-Resolved Multiband RF Excitation Echo-planarMRSI” Larson PEZ, Bok R, Kerr AB, Lustig M, Hu S,ChenAP,NelsonSJ,PaulyJM,KurhanewiczJ,VigneronDB. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging 2009,submitted,tooksecondplace.

Hyperpolarized 13C-labeled pyruvate allows forrapidin vivoimagingofcellularmetabolism,whichhasa great potential for improved assessment of prostatetumors by monitoring conversion to lactate. Thisstudy applied a new, time-resolved MR spectroscopicimagingmethod toaprostate tumormousemodel to

improve characterization of tumor tissue. This newmethod,alsodevelopedbytheauthors,usesanovelRFexcitationpulse toacquiredynamicdata,anda rapidsampling scheme. The method provided informationon tissue uptake, perfusion, and vascularization, aswell as metabolism, enabling a more complete tissuecharacterization. The prostate tumors were found tohave distinct lactate dynamic parameters as well asvaryingdegreesofvascularization.

Larson is a postdoctoral scholar with workingwithDanielVigneron,PhD,ontechnicaldevelopmentsforhyperpolarizedCarbon-13.LarsonreceivedhisPhDinElectricalEngineeringfromStanfordUniversity.

Applying Hyperpolarized 13C MR Metabolic Imaging to Brain Tumors

The third award was given to Ilwoo Park for“Hyperpolarized 13C MR Metabolic Imaging:Application to Brain Tumors,” Park I, Larson PEZ,Zierhut ML, Hu S, Bok R, Ozawa T, Kurhanewicz J,Vigneron DB, VandenBerg SR, James CD, Nelson SJ.Neuro-Oncology2009,InPress.

Dynamic nuclear polarization and the recentdevelopmentof adissolutionprocess enable the real-time investigation of in vivo metabolism with a morethan 10,000-fold signal increase over conventional13C spectroscopic methods. This study aimed toexplore, for thefirst time, the feasibilityofusing13CMRspectroscopicimaging(MRSI)withhyperpolarized[1-3C]-pyruvateasasubstrateforbraintumorandtocompare 13C imaging parameters with results frompathological analysis between U-251 MG and U-87MG tumormodels.Statistical tests showedsignificantdifferences in all 13C imaging parameters betweenthe malignant glioma tissue and normal brain. The

amountoflactate,pyruvate,andtotalcarbondifferedbetween two tumor types, consistent with inherentdifferencesinthemolecularcharacteristicsfoundinthepathologyofthesetumors.Theseresultssuggestthat hyperpolarized MR metabolic imaging may bevaluable for assessing prognosis and monitoringresponse to therapy forpatientswithbrain tumors.(SeeFigure2)

Park is a PhD candidate in the UCSF/UCBJoint Graduate Group in Bioengineering. He worksin Nelson’s group developing MR biomarkers forevaluatingprognosisandresponsetotherapyinbraintumorpatients.ParkreceivedhisBSinBioengineeringfromUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley.

Left to right: Ilwoo Park, Gabby Blumenkrantz, Peder Larson

40


Joseph c. giaconi, Md

AssistantClinicalProfessorMusculoskeletalImaging

Joseph C. Giaconi receivedhis medical degree in2003 from the Universityof Southern California,Los Angeles. In 2004 hecompleted a one-yearinternshipattheUniversityof Hawai’i, Honolulu.Giaconi finished a four-year diagnostic radiologyresidency in 2008 atthe University of SouthernCalifornia.Thiswasfollowedbyaone-yearfellowshipinthemusculoskeletalsectionatUCSF.Giaconi’sinterestsinclude musculoskeletal MRI, specifically ACL graftintegrity.He is also interested in radiologyeducation.Giaconi accepted an assistant clinical professor ofradiology position in the Musculoskeletal section inJuly2009.

galateia J. kazakia, phd

AssistantProfessorinResidenceMusculoskeletalandQuantitativeImagingResearchGroupChinaBasin

In2004,GalateiaJ.Kazakiareceived her PhD inmechanical engineering,with her major fieldsbeing bioengineeringand materials. Kazakiajoined UCSF Radiologyand Biomedical Imaging’sMusculoskeletal and Quantitative Imaging ResearchGroup(MQIR)in2004asapostdoctoralscholar.ShewasawardedtheYoungInvestigatorAwardatthe36thInternationalSunValleyWorkshoponSkeletalBiologyin2006,andreceivedanExcellenceinResearchAwardfromMQIRthesameyear.ShewasawardedaNationalInstitutes of Health (NIH) National Research ServiceAward for 2006-08. In April 2009, Kazakia acceptedthe position of assistant professor in residence in theMQIRgroup.

Kazakia’smainresearchinterestisthecharacterization

new facUlty appoIntMents

of bone structure and composition in osteoporosisandotherdiseasesusingbothex vivoandin vivohigh-resolution imaging techniques. Her work focuses ondevelopingtechniquesinmicro-computedtomography(microCT), high-resolution peripheral quantitative CT(HR-pQCT),Fouriertransforminfrared(FTIR)imaging,and3Dhistologyfortheassessmentofbonequality.

Jane kim, Md

AssistantProfessorofClinicalRadiologyNeuroradiologySanFranciscoGeneralHospital

Jane J. Kim received hermedicaldegreein2003fromtheUniversityofCalifornia,San Francisco, followed bya one-year internship ininternal medicine at MountSinaiHospital inNewYork,N.Y.ReturningtoUCSF,Kimcompletedherdiagnosticradiology residency in 2008 and a neuroradiologyfellowship in 2009. Kim’s research interests includeCT angiography (CTA) and CT perfusion (CTP) forpatients with acute cerebrovascular events (stroke ortransient ischemicattack). In July2009,sheacceptedthepositionofassistantprofessorofclinicalradiology.

alexander p. nguyen, Md

AssistantClinicalProfessorAbdominalImagingSanFranciscoVeteransAffairsMedicalCenter

Alexander P. Nguyenreceived his MD from theUniversity of New Mexico,School of Medicine in2002, followed by a one-year internship in internalmedicineattheUniversityofNewMexicoHealthSciencesCenter in Albuquerque. In2008, he completed a four-year diagnostic radiologyresidencyatDrexelCollegeofMedicineinPittsburgh,Penn.Hecompletedaone-yearfellowshipinabdominalimaging at UCSF in June 2009. Kim accepted thepositionofassistantclinicalprofessorintheDepartmentofRadiologyandBiomedicalImaginginJuly2009.

Joseph C. Giaconi, MD

Jane Kim, MD

Alexander P. Nguyen, MD

Galateia J. Kazakia, PhD

41

Miguel Hernandez pampaloni, Md, phd

AssistantProfessorinResidenceNuclearMedicine

In1990,MiguelHernandezPampaloni received hismedical degree fromComplutense Universityof Madrid, in Madrid,Spain. He completed histraininginnuclearmedicineat San Carlos Hospital,Complutense University ofMadridin1996,followedbyaPhDinradiologicalsciencesin 1998. From 1998-2002,Hernandez Pampaloni wasapostdoctoralfellowinPETImaging in the DepartmentofMolecularandMedicalPharmacology,at theDavidGeffen School of Medicine, University of California,LosAngeles.In2002-03HernandezPampaloniservedas a clinical research fellow in PET Cardiology atImperialCollegeofMedicine,London,U.K.HernandezPampalonicompletedanuclearmedicineresidencyatthe University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia in 2008.He finished a postdoctoral fellowship at the sameinstitutionin2008,followedbyaclinicalinstructorship.In February 2009, Hernandez Pampaloni acceptedthe position of assistant professor in residence in theNuclearMedicineSection.

John van Uden, Md, phd

AssistantClinicalProfessorThoracicImagingSanFranciscoGeneralHospital

John Van Uden completedtheMedicalScientistTrainingProgram at the Universityof California, San Diego,where he earned a PhD inBiomedicalSciencesin2001,followedbyanMDin2003.In 2004, he completed aninternalmedicineinternshipatUCSD,followedbyadiagnosticradiologyresidencyat UCSF from 2004-08. Van Uden completed a one-year clinical fellowship in the sections of AbdominalImagingandCardiacandPulmonaryImagingatUCSFin 2009. Van Uden accepted the position of assistantclinicalprofessoratSFGHinJuly2009.

stefanie weinstein, Md

AssistantClinicalProfessorAbdominalImagingSanFranciscoVeteransAffairsMedicalCenter

Stefanie Weinstein receivedher MD in 2000 fromCornell University, WeillMedical College in NewYork, New York. Shecompleted an internshipin Internal Medicine atLenox Hill Hospital, NewYork, in 2001. In 2005,Weinstein finished afour-year diagnostic radiology residency at StanfordUniversityMedicalCenter,PaloAlto,Calif.,servingaschiefresidentin2003-04.Thiswasfollowedbyaone-year body imaging fellowship at Stanford UniversityMedicalCenter.From2006-09sheworkedattheSantaClaraValleyMedicalCenter,DepartmentofRadiologywheresheservedassectionchiefoftheMusculoskeletalImaging division. In September 2009, Weinsteinaccepted thepositionof assistant clinicalprofessor intheVAMC’sAbdominalImagingsection.

esther l. yuh, Md, phd

AssistantProfessorinResidenceNeuroradiology

In 1995, Esther L. YuhreceivedherPhDinPhysicsfrom the University ofCalifornia, Santa Barbara.At Stanford University, PaloAlto, Calif., she completedapostdoctoral fellowship inphysics(1996), followedbya postdoctoral fellowshipin Radiology (1998). YuhreceivedhermedicaldegreefromStanfordUniversityin2002,followedbyaninternshipininternalmedicine,alsoatStanford.Yuhcompletedadiagnosticradiologyresidency in 2007. She completed a neuroradiologyfellowship in 2008 and was appointed a clinicalinstructor in 2008-09. Her areas of interest includehead trauma, stroke, and computer-aided detection.In July 2009, Yuh accepted an assistant professor inresidencepositioninNeuroradiologyatUCSF.

John Van Uden, MD, PhD

Esther L. Yuh, MD, PhD

Stefanie Weinstein, MD

Miguel Hernandez Pampaloni, MD, PhD

42


facUlty on tHe Move

Ashley Aiken, MD, former assistant professorin the Neuroradiology section, departed in June toacceptapositionatEmoryUniversity,NeuroradiologyDepartment,inAtlanta,Ga.

Ying Lu, PhD, former professor in residenceanddirector of theBiostatistics/OutcomesSpecializedResourcesGroup,departedinJunetoacceptapositionas professor of Biostatistics, Department of HealthResearch and Policy, and Director, Veterans AffairsCooperative Studies Program at Stanford University,PaloAlto,Calif.

facUlty RosteR

chairmanRonald L. Arenson, MDAlexanderR.MargulisDistinguishedProfessor

executive vice-chair

William P. Dillon, MDProfessorofRadiologyElizabethA.GuillauminChairinNeuroradiology

vice-chairs

David E. Avrin, MD,\ PhDProfessorofClinicalRadiologyVice-Chair,Informatics

Fergus V. Coakley, MDProfessorinResidenceVice-Chair,ClinicalAffairs

Robert G. Gould, ScDProfessorinResidenceVice-Chair,TechnologyandCapitalProjects

Sharmila Majumdar, PhDProfessorinResidenceVice-Chair,Research

Susan D. Wall, MDProfessorEmeritusVice-Chair,AcademicAffairs

Mark W. Wilson, MDProfessorinResidenceVice-Chair,SanFranciscoGeneralHospital

Judy Yee, MDProfessorinResidenceVice-Chair,VeteransAffairsMedicalCenter

abdominal Imaging

Rizwan Aslam, MDAssociateClinicalProfessor

David E. Avrin, MD, PhDProfessorofClinicalRadiology

Seerat Aziz, MDAssistantClinicalProfessor

Fergus V. Coakley, MDProfessorinResidenceandChief

Bonnie N. Joe, MD, PhDAssociateProfessorinResidence

Liina Poder, MDAssistantProfessorofClinicalRadiology

Aliya Qayyum, MBBSAssociateProfessorinResidenceDirector,ResidencyProgram

Richard Sollitto, MDClinicalProfessor

Ruedi F.-L. Thoeni, MDProfessorinResidence

Z. Jane Wang, MDAssistantProfessorinResidence

Emily (Emma) M. Webb, MDAssistantProfessorofClinicalRadiology

Stefanie Weinstein, MDAssistantClinicalProfessor

Antonio C. Westphalen, MDAssistantProfessorinResidence

Benjamin M. Yeh, MDAssociateProfessorinResidence

Sven Prevrhal, PhD, former assistant adjunctprofessor in the Musculoskeletal and QuantitativeImaging Research Interest Group departed in Juneto accept a position as a research scientist at PhilipsMedicalSystemsintheSanFranciscoBayArea.

Hilda Tso, MD, formerassistantclinicalprofessorintheWomen’sImagingsectionwilldepartinNovembertoacceptapositionasdirectorofwomen’simagingatJohnPeterSmithHospitalinFortWorth,Tex.

Max Wintermark, MD,formerassistantprofessorinresidenceintheNeuroradiologysection,departedinOctobertoacceptapositionaschiefofneuroradiologyattheUniversityofVirginia,inCharlottesville,Va.

43

ambulatory care center

Helen B. Galvin, MDClinicalProfessor

Steven H. Ominsky, MDClinicalProfessorEmeritus

Richard A. Sollitto, MDClinicalProfessorandChief

biomagnetic Imaging laboratory

Srikantan S. Nagarajan, PhDProfessorinResidenceandDirector

biostatisics/outcomes specialized Resources group

Valerie Cardenas-Nicholson, PhDAssistantAdjunctProfessor

John Kornak, PhDAssistantProfessorInResidence

Rebecca Smith-Bindman, MDProfessorinResidence

Karl Young, PhDAssistantAdjunctProfessor

brain behavior Research Interest group

Linda Chao, PhDAssociateAdjunctProfessor

Roland G. Henry, PhDAssociateProfessorinResidence

Christopher P. Hess, MD, PhDAssistantProfessorinResidence

Tracy Luks, PhDAssistantAdjunctProfessor

Pratik Mukherjee, MD, PhDAssociateProfessorinResidenceandCo-Director

Srikantan S. Nagarajan, PhDProfessorinResidenceandCo-Director

brain cancer Research Interest group

Soonmee Cha, MDAssociateProfessorInResidenceandCo-Director


Tracy R. McKnight, PhDAssociateProfessorInResidence

Sarah J. Nelson, PhDProfessorofRadiologyandCo-DirectorMargaretHartSurbeckDistinguishedProfessorinAdvancedImaging

Sabrina M. Ronen, PhDAssociateProfessorinResidence

breast cancer Research Interest group

Belinda Chang, MDAssistantProfessorofClinicalRadiology

Chris I. Flowers, MBBSAssociateClinicalProfessor

Nola M. Hylton, PhDProfessorinResidenceandCo-Director

Bonnie N. Joe, MD, PhDAssociateProfessorinResidenceandCo-Director

John A. Shepherd, PhDAssistantProfessorinResidence

cardiac and pulmonary Imaging

Brett M. Elicker, MDAssistantProfessorofClinicalRadiology

Charles B. Higgins, MDProfessorofRadiologyandInterimChief

Alison Meadows, MD, PhDAssistantProfessorofClinicalRadiologyandPediatrics

Karen Ordovás, MDAssistantProfessorinResidence

center for Imaging of neurodegenerative disease—vaMc

Linda L. Chao, PhDAssociateAdjunctProfessor

Dieter J. Meyerhoff, PhDProfessorinResidence

Susanne G. Mueller, MDAssistantAdjunctProfessor

Norbert Schuff, PhDAdjunctProfessor

Colin Studholme, PhDAssociateProfessorinResidence

Michael W. Weiner, MDProfessorinResidenceandDirector


44


center for pharmaceutical and Molecular Imaging

Robert C. Brasch, MDProfessorinResidenceandDirector

contrast agent Research group

Heike E. Daldrup-Link, MD, PhDAssociateProfessorinResidenceandDirector

Michael F. Wendland, PhDAdjunctProfessor

earl Miller Radiologic Imaging laboratory

Michael F. Wendland, PhDAdjunctProfessorandDirector

goldberg center for advanced Imaging education

Richard S. Breiman, MDClinicalProfessorandDirector

Marcia J. McCowin, MDClinicalProfessorandAssociateDirector

Informatics and Image processing/ display specialized Resource group

Ronald L. Arenson, MDAlexanderR.MargulisDistinguishedProfessor

David E. Avrin, MD, PhDProfessorofClinicalRadiologyandDirector

Jeremy Durack, MDAssistantProfessorofClinicalRadiology

Robert G. Gould, ScDProfessorinResidence


Judy Yee, MDProfessorinResidence


Interventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Charles B. Higgins, MDProfessorofRadiology

Alastair J. Martin, PhDAssociateAdjunctProfessor

Maythem Saeed, PhDAdjunctProfessor

David A. Saloner, PhDProfessorinResidenceandDirector

Mark W. Wilson, MDProfessorinResidence

Interventional Radiology

David E. Avrin, MD, PhDProfessorofClinicalRadiology

Miles Conrad, MDAssistantClinicalProfessor

Jeremy Durack, MDAssistantProfessorofClinicalRadiology

Nicholas Fidelman, MDAssistantProfessorofClinicalRadiology

Roy L. Gordon, MDProfessorinResidenceAssociateChair,QualityCareandPatientSafety

Robert K. Kerlan, Jr., MDProfessorofClinicalRadiologyandChief

Jeanne M. LaBerge, MDProfessorinResidence

Ernest Ring, MDProfessorEmeritus

Rajiv Sawhney, MDClinicalProfessor

Mark W. Wilson, MDProfessorinResidence

Mount zion Medical center

Philip A. Brodey, MDClinicalProfessor

Belinda Chang, MDAssistantProfessorofClinicalRadiology


Bonnie N. Joe, MD, PhDAssociateProfessorinResidence

Robert K. Kerlan, Jr., MDProfessorofClinicalRadiology

Steven H. Ominsky, MDClinicalProfessorEmeritus

Edward A. Sickles, MDProfessorEmeritus

Richard A. Sollitto, MDClinicalProfessorandChiefAssociateChair,Radiology,Mt.ZionMedicalCenter

45

MR/ct contrast agent development specialized Resource group

Robert C. Brasch, MDProfessorinResidence

Heike E. Daldrup-Link, MD, PhDAssociateProfessorinResidence

Michael F. Wendland, PhDAdjunctProfessorandCo-Director

Benjamin M. Yeh, MDAssociateProfessorinResidenceandCo-Director

MRI/MRs specialized Resource group

Nola M. Hylton, PhDProfessorinResidence

John Kurhanewicz, PhDProfessorInResidence

Sharmila Majumdar, PhDProfessorinResidence


Sarah J. Nelson, PhDMargaretHartSurbeckDistinguishedProfessorinAdvancedImaging

Sabrina Ronen, PhDAssociateProfessorinResidence

David A. Saloner, PhDProfessorinResidence

Daniel B. Vigneron, PhDProfessorinResidenceandDirector

Michael F. Wendland, PhDAdjunctProfessor

Duan Xu, PhDAssistantProfessorinResidence

Xiaoliang Zhang, PhDAssociateProfessorinResidence

Musculoskeletal and quantitative Imaging

Joseph C. Giaconi, MDAssistantClinicalProfessor

Thomas F. Lang, PhDProfessorinResidence

Xiaojuan Li, PhDAssistantAdjunctProfessor

Thomas M. Link, MD, PhDProfessorinResidenceandCo-Director

Sharmila Majumdar, PhDProfessorinResidenceandCo-Director

Musculoskeletal Imaging

Joseph C. Giaconi, MDAssistantClinicalProfessor

Thomas M. Link, MD, PhDProfessorinResidenceandChief

Lynne S. Steinbach, MDProfessorofClinicalRadiology

neurointerventional Radiology

Christopher F. Dowd, MDClinicalProfessor

Van V. Halbach, MDClinicalProfessor

Steven W. Hetts, MDAssistantProfessorinResidence

Randall T. Higashida, MDClinicalProfessorandChief

neurodegenerative diseases Research Interest group

Valerie Cardenas-Nicholson, PhDAssociateAdjunctProfessor

Linda Chao, PhDAssociateAdjunctProfessor

Timothy Durazzo, PhDAssistantAdjunctProfessor



Susanne G. Mueller, MDAssistantAdjunctProfessor

Norbert Schuff, PhDAdjunctProfessorandCo-Director

Michael W. Weiner, MDProfessorinResidenceandCo-Director


Wang Zhan, PhDAssistantAdjunctProfessor

neuroradiology

A. James Barkovich, MDProfessorInResidence

Soonmee Cha, MDAssociateProfessorInResidence

Cynthia T. Chin, MDAssociateProfessorofClinicalRadiology

46


William P. Dillon, MDProfessorandChief

Alisa D. Gean, MDClinicalProfessor

Christine Glastonbury, MDAssociateProfessorofClinicalRadiology

Orit A. Glenn, MDAssociateProfessorinResidence


Jane Kim, MDAssistantProfessorofClinicalRadiology

Pratik Mukherjee, MD, PhDAssociateProfessorinResidence

David Norman, MDClinicalProfessorEmeritus

Esther L. Yuh, MD, PhDAssistantProfessorinResidence

neurovascular/neurointerventional Research Interest group

William P. Dillon, MDProfessor

Christopher F. Dowd, MDClinicalProfessor

Van V. Halbach, MDClinicalProfessor


Randall T. Higashida, MDClinicalProfessor


David A. Saloner, PhDProfessorinResidenceandCo-Director

nuclear Medicine

Elias H. Botvinick, MDProfessorinResidence

Michael W. Dae, MDProfessorinResidence

Randall A. Hawkins, MD, PhDProfessorandChief

Carina Mari Aparici, MDAssistantProfessorinResidence

Eugene T. Morita, MDClinicalProfessorEmeritus

Miguel Hernandez Pampaloni, MD, PhDAssistantProfessorinResidence

nuclear-optical specialized Resource group

Stephen Bacharach, PhDAdjunctProfessor

Elias H. Botvinick, MDProfessorinResidence

Michael W. Dae, MDProfessorinResidence

Robert G. Gould, ScDProfessorinResidence

Randall A. Hawkins, MD, PhDProfessor

Jiang He, PhDAssistantAdjunctProfessor

Ella Fung Jones, PhDAssistantAdjunctProfessor


Miguel Hernandez Pampaloni, MD, PhDAssistantProfessorinResidence

Henry F. VanBrocklin, PhDProfessorinResidenceandDirector

Youngho Seo, PhDAssistantAdjunctProfessor

pediatric Radiology

Robert C. Brasch, MDProfessorInResidence

Pierre-Alain Cohen, MDClinicalProfessor

Heike E. Daldrup-Link, MD, PhDAssociateProfessorinResidenceandInterimChief

pediatric/fetal Research Interest group

A. James Barkovich, MDProfessorinResidenceandDirector

Heike E. Daldrup-Link, MD, PhDAssociateProfessorinResidence

Vickie A. Feldstein, MDProfessorofClinicalRadiology

Orit A. Glenn, MDAssociateProfessorinResidence

Ruth B. Goldstein, MDProfessorandChief


Pratik Mukherjee, MD, PhDAssociateProfessorinResidence

47


Daniel B. Vigneron, PhDProfessorinResidence


prostate cancer Research Interest groupFergus V. Coakley, MDProfessorinResidenceandCo-Director

John Kurhanewicz, PhDProfessorInResidenceandCo-Director

Susan Noworolski, PhDAssistantAdjunctProfessor

Aliya Qayyum, MBBSAssociateProfessorinResidence

Sabrina Ronen, PhDAssociateProfessorinResidence


Antonio C. Westphalen, MDAssistantProfessorinResidence

san francisco general HospitalRichard S. Breiman, MDClinicalProfessor

Miles Conrad, MDAssistantClinicalProfessor

Pierre-Alain Cohen, MDClinicalProfessor

Alisa D. Gean, MDClinicalProfessor


Jane Kim, MDAssistantProfessorofClinicalRadiology

Terry C.P. Lynch, MDClinicalProfessor

Hideyo Minagi, MDClinicalProfessorEmeritus

Sujal M. Nanavati, MDAssistantClinicalProfessor

Ernest Ring, MDProfessorEmeritus

Alexander V. Rybkin, MDAssistantClinicalProfessor

Mathem Saeed, PhDAdjunctProfessor

Lori M. Strachowski, MDAssociateClinicalProfessor

Ruedi F.-L. Thoeni, MDProfessorinResidence

John Van Uden, MD, PhDAssistantClinicalProfessor

Thienkhai Vu, MD, PhDAssistantClinicalProfessor

W. Richard Webb, MDProfessorEmeritus

Mark W. Wilson, MDProfessorinResidenceandChief

Esther L. Yuh, MD, PhDAssistantProfessorinResidence

surbeck laboratory for advanced Imaging

Robert Bok, MD, PhDAssistantAdjunctProfessor


Douglas Kelley, PhDAssociateAdjunctProfessor

John Kurhanewicz, PhDProfessorinResidence

Sharmila Majumdar, PhDProfessorinResidence

Sarah J. Nelson, PhDMargaretHartSurbeckDistinguishedProfessorinAdvancedImagingandDirector

Sabrina M. Ronen, PhDAssociateProfessorinResidence



Xiaoliang Zhang, PhDAssociateProfessorinResidence

Ultrasound

Seerat Aziz, MDAssistantClinicalProfessor

Peter W. Callen, MDProfessorinResidence

48


Vickie A. Feldstein, MDProfessorofClinicalRadiology

Roy A. Filly, MDProfessorEmeritus

Ruth B. Goldstein, MDProfessorandChief

Liina Poder, MDAssistantProfessorofClinicalRadiology

Rebecca Smith-Bindman, MDProfessorinResidence

Lori M. Strachowski, MDAssociateClinicalProfessor

vascular Imaging Research center—vaMcDavid A. Saloner, PhDProfessorinResidenceandDirector

veterans affairs Medical centerRizwan Aslam, MDAssociateClinicalProfessorandChiefofCT

Linda L. Chao, PhDAssociateAdjunctProfessor

Timothy Durazzo, PhDAssistantAdjunctProfessor

Christine M. Glastonbury, MBBSAssociateProfessorandChiefofNeuroradiology

Virginia J. Griswold, MDAssociateClinicalProfessor


Marcia J. McCowin, MDClinicalProfessor


Susanne Mueller, MDAssistantAdjunctProfessor

Alexander P. Nguyen, MDAssistantClinicalProfessor

David A. Saloner, PhDProfessorinResidence

Rajiv Sawhney, MDClinicalProfessor

Norbert Schuff, PhDAdjunctProfessor


Michael W. Weiner, MDProfessorinResidence

Stefanie Weinstein, MDAssistantClinicalProfessor

Judy Yee, MDProfessorinResidenceandChief

Benjamin M. Yeh, MDAssociateProfessorinResidenceandAssistantChief


Wang Zhan, PhDAssistantAdjunctProfessor

women’s Imaging at Mt. zionBelinda Chang, MDAssistantProfessorofClinicalRadiology

Bonnie N. Joe, MD, PhDAssociateProfessorinResidenceandChief

Chris I. Flowers, MBBSAssociateClinicalProfessor

Edward A. Sickles, MDProfessorEmeritus


HonoRs and awaRdsRizwan aslam, MdPromotedtoAssociateClinicalProfessor

Richard s. breiman, MdElectedsecretaryoftheAllianceofMedicalStudentEducatorsinRadiology

christopher f. dowd, MdPresident,WesternNeuroradiologicalSociety,2009-10

Heike e. daldrup-link, Md, phdSeniorauthoronapublicationthatreceivedtheBerdonAwardfromtheSocietyforPediatricRadiology,recognizingthebestbasicsciencepaperpublishedinPediatric Radiologyin2008ElectedtoBoardofDirectors,SocietyofPediatricRadiologyResearchandEducationFoundationMember,SocietyforPediatricRadiologyPublicationCommittee

49

brett M. elicker, MdRecipient,HideyoMinagiOutstandingTeacherAward,2009

christine glastonbury, MbbsRecipient,ExcellenceinTeachingAward,theHaileT.DebasAcademyofMedicalEducators,UCSF

charles a. gooding, MdAwardedtheSocietyofPediatricRadiologyGoldMedal,2009

bonnie n. Joe, Md, phdPromotedtoAssociateProfessorinResidence

Robert k. kerlan, Jr., MdJournal of Vascular and Interventional RadiologyDistinguishedReviewerAward,2008DotterLecturer,WesternAngiographicandInterventionalSociety,September2009

Jeanne M. laberge, MdElectedastrusteetotheAmericanBoardofRadiology

thomas f. lang, phdSelectedasamemberoftheSkeletalBiologyStructureandRegenerationStudySection,CenterforScientificReview,NationalInstitutesofHealth

thomas M. link, Md, phd The2009Founder’sLectureroftheInternationalSkeletalSociety,Washington,D.C.RadiologyEditor’sRecognitionAwardwithDistinctionAppointedtotheEditorialBoard,European RadiologyTopCitedAward2006-2008,Osteoarthritis and Cartilage(co-authorofoneoftheTop10citedpapers)

carina Mari aparici, MdRecipient,ExcellenceinTeachingAward,theHaileT.DebasAcademyofMedicalEducators,UCSF

pratik Mukherjee, Md, phdRecipient,GEHealthcare’sMRThoughtLeaderAwardatthe17thAnnualMeetingoftheInternationalSocietyforMagneticResonanceinMedicine

sujal nanavati, MdRecipient,ExcellenceinTeachingAward,theHaileT.DebasAcademyofMedicalEducators,UCSF

Rebecca smith-bindman, Md PromotedtoProfessorInResidence

lynne s. steinbach, MdRadiology Editor’sRecognitionAwardwithDistinctionAppointedDeputyEditor,Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging

lori M. strachowski, MdRecipient,ExcellenceinTeachingAward,theHaileT.DebasAcademyofMedicalEducators,UCSF

daniel b. vigneron, phd2009InternationalSocietyofMagneticResonanceFellowshipAward

emily (emma) M. webb, Md Recipient,ExcellenceinTeachingAward,theHaileT.DebasAcademyofMedicalEducators,UCSF

Mark w. wilson, MdPromotedtoProfessorInResidence

benjamin M. yeh, MdCo-recipient,HounsfieldAward,SocietyofComputedBodyTomography/MagneticResonance,2009

esther l. yuh, Md, phdRecipient,OutstandingFellow/ClinicalInstructorTeachingAward,2009

Jeanne M. LaBerge, MD

Chairman Ronald L. Arenson, MD presents the Outstanding Fellow/Clinical Instructor Teaching Award to Esther L. Yuh, MD, PhD


tHe MaRgUlIs socIety“As the new

president of theMargulisSociety,IlookforwardtoleadingtheSociety in its missionto provide currentandfuturegenerationsof UCSF radiologytrainees the supportand opportunitiesthey need to becomesuperior radiologistsand to expandingour network of activemembers to promotecareer opportunitiesand advancementamong alumni,” said Christopher J. Schultz, MD, a2000 graduate of UCSF’s radiology residency. “ThisyearourfocusisonincreasingSocietymembershipandcontributions, while strengthening the bond amongUCSFgraduates,faculty,andtrainees.Iwelcomeyourcounselandsupportinachievingthesegoals.”

Schultz’s two-year term follows that of Dr.DonnaHoghooghiwhoservedaspresident fromJuly2007 to June 2009. After receiving his MD in 1995from the University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas,Schultz completed a four-year radiology residency atUCSF, followed by a one-year fellowship in MagneticResonanceImagingandUltrasoundattheMayoClinicin Scottsdale, Ariz. Schultz works as a radiologist atQueenoftheValleyMedicalCenterinNapa,Calif.

Support for Resident ResearchEachyear,theMargulisSocietyselectsaradiology

resident who has accomplished noteworthy researchtoreceivetheMargulisSocietyResearchAward.DavidM. Wilson, MD, PhD received the 2009 award atcommencementinJune.

During his residency, Wilson completedoutstanding research in probe development utilizinghyperpolarized carbon 13. He was one of fourresidents to receive a T32 training grant in 2007-08from the National Institute of Biomedical Imagingand Bioengineering. T32 grants are designed to giveradiologists-in-training the skills required to becomeindependentclinicalscientificinvestigatorsandleadersinacademicbiomedicalimaging.A2009graduateoftheresidencyprogram,WilsonbeganaclinicalfellowshipinNeuroradiologyintheDepartmentofRadiologyand

BiomedicalImaginginJuly2009.

Inaddition,TimothyShepherd,MD,PhD(PGY4)receivedthe2009MargulisSocietyresearchgrantforhisproject entitled “Diffusion Anisotropy Changes in theHumanHippocampusas an ImprovedMRISurrogateMarkerofAlzheimer’sDisease.”

Career Conference 2009TheMargulisSocietyhosteditstenthannualcareer

conferenceinJuly2009atthehomeofboardmemberDr. Donna Hoghooghi. Panelists included JeffreyDieden,MD,DonnaHoghooghi,MD, andCamillaE.Lindan, MD, from private practice and UCSF facultymembers Aliya Qayyum, MBBS, and David E. Avrin,MD,PhD. Dr.ErikGaenslerdirectedtheconference,whichprovidedinformationaboutthecareerneedsofresidents and fellows. A question-and-answer sessionfollowing the panelists’ presentation gave attendeesthe opportunity to learn about private practice andacademic career options, as well as insights into thecurrentradiologyjobmarket.

AFIP supportThanks to underwriting from the Margulis

Society,11diagnosticradiologyresidentsattendedthe6-week Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP)trainingcourseinWashington,DCduringthe2008-09academicyear.

Residents who have attended the course overtheyearshavebeenuniformlyenthusiastic.One2009

Christopher J. Schultz, MD

The Margulis Society Outstanding Resident Research Award is presented: (l-r) Ronald L. Arenson, MD, David M. Wilson, MD, PhD (recipient), Donna Hoghooghi, MD

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attendee, David Naeger, MD (PGY5) called AFIP, “anintense eight-hour-per-day, solid month of Radiology/Pathology correlation.” Naeger described the lecturesas “topnotch, covering evenminute (but important!)topicsinRadiology.

“AFIP reinforces and adds to the lectures wereceiveatUCSFandisanirreplaceableexperience.WeareimmenselygratefultotheMargulisSocietyandtheDepartmentfortheirsupportofourattendancehere,”Naegerconcluded.

Thank You to Our Alumni Inthistimeofeconomicdownturn,theMargulis

SocietygreatlyappreciatestheenergyandinvolvementofalumniinsupportofradiologyresidencyandfellowtrainingatUCSFinavarietyofways.

“Many alumni contributedby teaching,whetherbygivingasingleresidentlectureoraseriesofboardreview case conferences. The material presented byour alumni is always a huge asset to our residencyteachingprogramandweareextremelygrateful,”saidDr.AliyaQayyum,MargulisSocietyBoardMemberandResidency Program Director. “And the alumni seemtogetasmuchoutofitasthestudents.”AlumniwhocontributedbyteachingresidentsincludeDrs.MiriamBredella,ErikH.L.Gaensler,ChristopherK.Hoffman,Joseph Hoxworth, Jessica Leung, Camilla Lindan,HowardNelson,GregorySabo,andmanyothers.

“We also extend our heartfelt gratitude to themanydonorswhofundtheMargulisSocietyyearafteryear,”saidSchultz.“Yourfinancialsupportisthebaseofourefforts.Weareparticularlypleasedatthenumberofnewlygraduatedresidentsandfellowswhocontrib-utedtotheSociety.TheirdonationsrepresentthefutureandwillenabletheprogramsthattheMargulisSocietyfundstocontinue.”

The Margulis Society Board of Directors

Christopher J. Schultz, MD, President

Diego E. Ruiz, MD, President-Elect

Donna Hoghooghi, MD, Immediate Past-President

Ronald L. Arenson, MD

Jeffrey D. Dieden, MD

Erik H.L. Gaensler, MD

Christine M. Glastonbury, MBBS

Christopher K. Hoffman, MD

Camilla E. Lindan, MD

Vincent D. McCormick, MD

Peter S. Moskowitz, MD

Aliya Qayyum, MBBS

Gautham P. Reddy, MD, MPH

Volney F. Van Dalsem, III, MD

Mark W. Wilson, MD

Benjamin M. Yeh, MD

Remember to set aside the evening of

Wednesday, March 17, 2010for the first

Margulis Society Alumnus Lecture. President of the Salk Institute, William R. Brody, MD, PhD,

(Diagnostic Radiology Residency graduate, 1977),

will be the featured speaker. The lecture will be held at UCSF.

The Margulis Society Career Evening 2009: Speakers included (l-r): Erik H.L. Gaensler, MD, David E. Avrin, MD, PhD, Aliya Qayyum, MBBS, Donna Hoghooghi, MD, Jeffrey D. Dieden, MD, and Ronald L. Arenson, MD


AvantiAmbekar,MDRonaldL.Arenson,MD*DavidE.Avrin,MD,PhDJohnJ.BaehrIII,MDGaryH.Baker,MD*IreneBalcar,MDA.JamesBarkovich,MDRobertM.Barr,MDSusanBarrows,MDMiriamA.Bredella,MDBenMauriceBrown,MDThomasJ.Bryce,MDVincentD.Burke,MDElizabethS.Burnside,MDMariannaCaponigro,MDMichaelA.Carducci,MDMargaretH.Chaffey,MDKrammieM.Chan,MDFrankS.H.Chang,MDMarkZ.K.Chen,MDDarylM.Chen,MDJamesS.Chen,MD,PhDChloeChhor,MDDarylH.Chinn,MDIrisB.S.Choo,MDNathanielA.H.Chuang,MD*GranvilleC.Coggs,MD,FACRCirreldaCooper,MDGeoffreyI.Criqui,MDLawrenceE.CrooksPhD*RolandD.DeMarco,MDWm.JamesDeMartini,MDJeffreyD.Dieden,MDWilliamP.Dillon,MDChristopherF.Dowd,MDTerrilA.Efird,MDNazihFarah,MDThomasH.Farquhar,MDVickieA.Feldstein,MDCharlesE.Fiske,MDMalcolmB.Friedman,MDRussellC.Fritz,MDErikH.L.Gaensler,MD*HelenB.Galvin,MD

ChristineGlastonbury,MBBSJohnS.Gletne,MDRuthB.Goldstein,MDJamesL.Gorder,MDRoyL.Gordon,MDMichaelB.Gotway,MD*ChrisG.Goumas,MDVirginiaJ.Griswold,MDElizabethA.Guillaumin,MD*LawrenceP.Harter,MDRandallA.Hawkins,MD,PhDChristopherP.Hess,MD,PhDStevenW.Hetts,MDDanielR.Hightower,MDChristopherK.Hoffman,MD*DonnaHoghooghi,MDJulianB.Holt,MDJosephM.Hoxworth,MDHedvigHricak,MD,PhDPamelaS.Jensen,MDBonnieN.Joe,MD,PhDJamesO.Johnston,MDPeterJ.Julien,MDCarlKalbhen,MDLeonG.Kaseff,MDDonaldR.Kirks,MDHerbertY.Kressel,MDAnnieP.W.Lai,MDFayeC.Laing,MDTheodoreC.LarsonIII,MDEdwardA.Lebowitz,MDF.ChaneyLi,MDCamillaLindan,MDJayC.Mall,MDVincentD.McCormick,MDMarciaJ.McCowin,MDEdwardM.Miller,MDHideyoMinagi,MD*JamesM.Moorefield,MDPeterS.Moskowitz,MDJamesA.Nelson,MDJohnDNoonan,MDStevenH.Ominsky,MDKarenOrdovas,MD

KentD.Pearson,MDKathrynL.PearsonPeyton,MDDonaldJ.Ponec,MDMarkJ.Popovich,MDDerkD.Purcell,MDAliyaQayyum,MBBSStanleyB.Reich,MDErnestJ.Ring,MDGregoryRogalski,MDDiegoE.Ruiz,MDGregorySabo,MD*CharlesSavoca,MDJohnD.Schrumpf,MDChristopherJ.Schultz,MDClarkL.Searle,MDRobertSevick,MDGaryT.Shaw,MDEdwardA.Sickles,MD*RichardA.Sollitto,MDD.ChristianSonne,MDLynneS.Steinbach,MDSusanK.Stevens,MDRobertC.Taylor,DDSRonaldR.Townsend,MDVolneyF.VanDalsem,MDJohnVanUden,MD,PhDSusanD.Wall,MDZ.JaneWang,MDNikunjP.Wasudev,MDAntonioWestphalen,MDMichaelWilliams,MDMarkW.Wilson,MDBenjaminM.Yeh,MDKyleK.Yu,MDGregoryG.Zaharchuk,MD* Donation of $1,000 or more

tHe MaRgUlIs socIety donoRs lIst

The Margulis Society gratefully acknowledges the following individuals for their generous contributions. This list reflects gifts made between July 1, 2008 and June 30, 2009.

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53

RetIRed In 2009

charles a. gooding, MdHis retirement in June 2009 capped a stellar

career in pediatric radiology for Charles A. Gooding,MD, including40years as chiefof theUCSFPediatricRadiologySection.GoodingreceivedhisMDfromOhioState University School of Medicine, completed hisRadiologyresidencyatHarvard’sBrighamandWomen’sHospital and fellowship training inEurope.Duringhisservice in the US Army Medical Corps, Gooding wasactingchiefofRadiologyatLettermanGeneralHospital.He joined UCSF in 1967, serving as chief of PediatricRadiologyfrom1968to2008.From1979to1998,hewasexecutivevice-chairmanofRadiologyatUCSF.

“I will rememberCharlesasanadvisor,mentor,colleague, and friend,” saidHeike Daldrup-Link, MD,PhD. “He set high standardsof moral probity for all whoworkedwithhimand foughtrelentlesslyforthecausesandthe people he believed in.Hewillalwaysbeasourceofenergyandinspirationforus.”

Gooding served theprofession as president andchairmanoftheboardoftheSociety forPediatricRadiology.HealsowaseditorofPediatric Radiologyformorethan20yearsandhehasauthoredorco-authoredmorethan200publications.

Dr. Gooding was instrumental in advancingthe care of children globally. He was the founder andpresidentoftheRadiologyOutreachFoundation,whichdistributes equipment and educational material todevelopingcountries.Hisinternationalimpactgarneredhim numerous awards and honors from radiologicalsocietiesacrosstheglobe.In1993,hereceivedtheUCSFChancellor’s Award for Public Service. Most recently,he received theGoldMedalof theSocietyofPediatricRadiologyforhiscontributionstopediatricradiology.

Gooding and his wife, Gretchen Gooding,MD, (see accompanying article) have three children:Gunnar, an attorney, Justin a radiologist, and Britta,a radiologist, and three grandchildren. Dr. Gooding’sathleticpursuitsarelegendary:hehascompetedintheIronmanTriathlonWorldChampionshipinHawaii,theUnitedStatesTriathlonSeries,andEscapefromAlcatrazTriathlon,amongothers.HehasbeenamemberoftheBoardofDirectorsoftheMarinRowingAssociationandholds numerous medals in national and internationalrowingchampionships.

Charles A. Gooding, MD

gretchen a.w. gooding, MdGretchen A.W. Gooding, MD, professor of

Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, has retired aftermorethan37yearsinRadiologyattheVeteransAffairsMedicalCenterandUCSF.

A graduate of the OhioState University College ofMedicine,Goodingcompletedher residency at UCSF. Shejoined the faculty in 1975,achievingtherankofprofessorin 1986. From 1987-2003,Gooding served as vice-chairofthedepartmentandchiefofradiologyattheSanFranciscoVAMC.

“WhenDr.Goodingchoseradiologyasherspecialty,shemaynothaverealizedthatshewouldbecomearolemodelandmentorfortheincreasingnumberofwomenwho have joined the field in more recent years,” saidChairmanRonArenson,MD.“Wearefortunatetohavebenefited from her tremendous leadership, years ofservice,andinspiration.”

Gooding was a recognized expert in all aspectsof ultrasound, with major academic contributions invascular ultrasound, intraoperative ultrasound, andabdominalimaging.SheservedaspresidentoftheBayArea Ultrasound Society, the San Francisco RadiologicSociety, and the American Association of Women inRadiology.Goodingalsoholdshonorarymembershipsinnumerousinternationalradiologicalsocieties, includingthoseinPakistan,Hungary,andCuba.

In 2003, the American Association for WomenRadiologists honored her with the Alice EttingerDistinguished Achievement Award in recognition ofher outstanding, long-term contributions to radiologyasaleader,mentor,andteacher.SheservedasacareeradvisorfortheSchoolofMedicine,andrecentlychairedtheVAMCRadiologyQualityManagementProgram

Anactiveresearcher,Goodingpublishedextensively,withmorethan170peer-reviewedpaperstohercredit.Radiologists and students around the world benefitedfrom her lectures, refresher courses, and scientificpresentationsonultrasoundandabdominalimaging.Sheauthored many Practice Guidelines in Ultrasound fortheAmericanCollegeofRadiologyand servedon theeditorialadvisoryboardsofnumerousjournals.

“In addition to her many other contributions,Gretchenhasbeenanactiveandwell-respectedteacherand mentor for our residents, fellows, and medicalstudents,” said JudyYee,MD,chiefof radiologyat theVAMC. “Her warmth, approachability and mentorshiptouchedsomanyofourtrainees.”

Gretchen A.W. Gooding, MD

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w. Richard webb, Md

W.RichardWebb,MD,professorofradiologyandtheHideyo Minagi professor at San Francisco GeneralHospital retired after more than 37 years in theDepartmentofRadiologyandBiomedicalImaging.

Webbhadanillustriouscareerinchestradiologyandenormoussuccessasaclinician,teacher,researcher,

and mentor.He cameto UCSF as a residentin 1972 and served aschief resident in 1975-76.Hejoinedthefacultyas an assistant professorin 1977, becoming aprofessorin1987.Webbwaschiefof theCardio-ThoracicImagingSectionfrom1995to2006,andin 2006 was named theHideyoMinagiProfessorofRadiology.

Students, residents,and fellows regularly

foundWebbtobeknowledgeable,approachable,and efficient in highlighting key concepts and inter-esting teaching points. He also is a popular lecturerin many CME programs around the world, and haschairedmanycourses,mostrecentlyanewbodyimag-ingcourseheldinWashington,D.C.

Dr. Webb’s textbook, High Resolution CT ofthe Lung, now in its third edition, is considered thedefinitive textbook on the subject. During his career,Webb authored many other books, manuscripts,and chapters, and conducted well-regarded clinicalresearchinavarietyofareas,includinghigh-resolutioncomputedtomography(CT)inthediagnosisofAIDS-relateddisease,complicationsof lung transplantation,and the CT diagnosis of chest trauma. In 2004, hereceivedtheFleischnerMedalandgavetheFleischnerLecturetotheFleischnerSocietyforThoracicImagingandDiagnosis,arecognitionofhiscontributionstothefieldofchestradiology.

“Givenhisstrongclinical,research,andparticularlyhis teachingaccomplishments, Iamverypleased thatDr. Webb has agreed to remain involved with theclinical work of the section he helped to build,” saidRonArenson,MD,departmentchairman.“RickWebbleavesastronglegacyofaccomplishmentinradiologyatUCSFandbeyond,andalargeanddevotedfollowingofformertraineeswhoareproudoftheiraffiliationwithhimandwiththeChestsection.”

W. Richard Webb, MD

Robert c. taylor, dds, Mds

RobertC.Taylor,DDS,MDS,professoremeritusofradi-ology,retiredinJune2009aftermanyyearsofservicetotheDepartmentofRadiologyandBiomedical ImagingandtheUCSFSchoolofDentistry.

“I want to thank Bob for his many years ofdedicated service to UCSF and Radiology,” said RonArenson,MD,chairman,DepartmentofRadiologyandBiomedicalImaging.

Taylor obtainedhis dental degree fromSt. Louis University inMissouri in 1957. HecametoUCSFasanoralandmaxillofacialsurgeryresident and joinedthe School of Dentistryfaculty in 1960. As apracticing oral surgeon,TaylorandWilliamWare,DDS, MDS (later tobecomethechairmanoftheDivisionofOralandMaxillofacialSurgery)setuptheTemporomandibularJointClinicatUCSF.Throughthe clinic, Taylor developed an interest in imaging.He developed cephalometric tomography for thetemporomandibular joint and was among the first toobtainamagneticresonanceimage(MRI)ofthatjoint.

HiscollaborationwithEarlMiller,MDonstudiesof temporomandibular joint function marked thestart of Taylor’s involvement with the Departmentof Radiology and Biomedical Imaging. He formallyjoinedthefacultyin1986,whileretainingasecondary,unpaid appointment to the Department of Oral andMaxillofacialSurgery.“BobTaylorwasadentistfirstandanimagingaficionadosecond,”saidM.AnthonyPogrel,DDS,MD,professorandchair,DepartmentofOralandMaxillofacialSurgery.

Over the years, Taylor developed a talent forputting together research projects and raising fundsfor them among his network of technology industryleaders. The list of projects he supported include thecreationof theMagneticResonanceScienceCenter in1986, thedevelopmentofLazerPantographyand3Dprocessing, and the development of an MRI-guidedcatheter prototype with the Lawrence LivermoreNationalLaboratory.

Overthelast20years,Taylorhaschampionedtheuseofthermographyindiagnosingtemporomandibularjoint problems and the use of magnetic resonanceimagingfornerveinjuriesindentistry.

Robert C. Taylor, DDS, MDS

55

denice nakano

Denice Nakano, site administrator at the ParnassusCampus, has retired after more than 33 years ofcommittedservicetotheDepartmentofRadiologyandBiomedicalImaging.Nakano’slongassociationwiththedepartmentstartedin1968asapart-timetranscriptionistatSanFranciscoGeneralHospitalRadiology.

In1976,shebecameoneofthetranscriptionistsemployed by UCSF Radiology. Using what was thenstate-of-the-art technology, she transcribed fromDictaphonesand thenmagnetic tapes,making “aboutsixcarboncopiesofeachreport,becausetheywenttosomanydifferentpeople,”Nakanorecalled.

In 1984 Nakano became an administrativeassistant at the Parnassus campus, working in theDivision of Musculoskeletal Radiology for then-chiefDr.HarryGenant.In1995,asanadministrativeanalystshemanagedresearchgrants,coordinatedfellowsandtrainees,andhelpedmanageclinicaltrials.

In 2000, Nakano took on a new role as amanagement services officer at the Parnassus site.In this capacity, Nakano provided administrativeoversightfortheentireParnassusoperation,includingrenovations, inventory control, contracts and grants,and administrative management. Throughout hercareer,Nakanohasconsistentlyreceivedpraiseforherskills,alongwithnumerousperformanceawards.

“Radiology is very fortunate to have benefitedfrom Denice’s skill and dedication for more than 30years,”saidCathyGarzio,administrativedirector“ShehasbeenarolemodelformanyemployeesinRadiology,andshehadgreatrapportwithdepartmentfacultyandresidents over the years. We will miss, not just herknowledgeandworkethic,butalsohergreatattitudeandcan-doapproachtoeverythingshedoes.”

AccordingtoNakano,“there was never a dullmoment in the RadiologyDepartment. There werealways opportunities forproblem-solving. I likedthechangesandchallengesto make things betteradministratively.Ienjoyedbeing around motivatedpeoplewithambitionanddrive.”Nakanocontinued,“I am very thankful andproud to have workedfor the Department ofRadiology.Imadesomanywonderfulfriendshereandallovertheworld.”

NakanolooksforwardtospendingtimewithherhusbandSteven,andsonsGrantandBrad,aswell asherextendedfamilyintheBayArea.

Denice Nakano

Nakano celebrates her retirement: (l-r) Richard Sollitto, MD, Denice Nakano, and David Avrin, MD, PhD.

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alUMnI news

1958Granville Coggs, MD,wasprofiledinTheWonder Years: Portraits of Athletes Who Never Slow Down, by Rick Rickmanand Donna Wares(Chronicle Books2009), a bookshowcasing seniorathletes in wordsandphotographs.

1971Jesse L. Kahn, MD, of Carmel, Calif., and his wifeCarol, recommend Glacier National Park as a greatplacetovisit,basedontheirrecentvacationthere.Kahn

continues to workoccasionally for theMonterey PeninsulaRadiologyGroup.Hisnewgrandson,MasonLucas,borninAugust2009, livesnearby inPacific Grove. KahnandhiswifeCarolwillvolunteer at the U.S.Open in June 2010,and also volunteer attheAT&Tand1stTeegolf tournaments. Hesendshisregardstoall.

1973James Branscom, MD,ofAlamo,Calif.,issemi-retiredandworksparttimeforBayImagingConsultantsandtheMartinezVAMC.HeandhiswifeLouise,marriedfor42years,haveagrandson,Miles,bornin2007.Hesharesmemories:“AfterleavingUCSF’sresidencyin1973,Iendedupinastart-uppracticewithasmallhospital and clinic in Vallejo, with offices in nearWalnutCreekandinConcord.Eventually,thepracticeopened an imaging center in San Ramon. Later, wemerged, first with what was called Diablo ValleyRadiology,laterBayImagingConsultants.Thewholetriphas ingeneralbeenagoodand rewardingone,with a few bumps. Thanks to those who motivatedme,Alex,Dr.Greenspan,andothers.Wouldn’treally

have chosen any other line of work...” He may bereachedbyemailat:[email protected].

1977William R. Brody, MD, PhD,ofLaJolla,Calif.,becamepresidentof theSalkInstitute forBiologicalStudiesinLa Jolla inMarch2009.Heoverseesa staffof870scientificpersonnel,includingseveralNobellaureatesand members of the National Academy of Sciences.Earlyin2009,BrodyretiredaspresidentofTheJohnsHopkinsUniversity,apositionhehadheldsince1996,He was named to the National Institutes of HealthScientificManagementReviewBoard(SMRB)in2008.

1979Michael P. Federle, MD, of Palo Alto, Calif., writesthat the second edition of his textbook, Diagnostic Imaging: Abdomen, will be published in time for thisyear’sRSNA.“ThepublisherisAmirsys,acompanythatIhelpedtofound.Ithasbecometheleadingpublisherofradiologybooksanddecision-supporttoolssuchasSTATdx.This online program is used in 80% of allresidency training programs and in many radiologyprivatepractices,”hewrites.

1980Richard A. Barth, MD,ofPaloAlto,Calif.,radiologist-in-chief at LucilePackardChildren’sHospitalatStanfordand professor andassociatechairofRadiology atStanfordUniversitySchoolofMedicine,was awarded the2009outstandingalumni award by the UCSF Department of RadiologyandBiomedicalImaging,attheannualcommencementceremony.

R. James Brenner, MD, JD, FACR, FCLM, of SanFrancisco, Calif., joined Bay Imaging Consultants in2008,whereheservesasthedirectorofBreastImaging.HeremainsaprofessorofClinicalRadiologyatUCSF.

Richard A. Barth receives outstand-ing alumni award from Ron Arenson and Susan D. Wall.

Granville Coggs (right) at the 2008 San Antonio Senior Games track meet with wife Maud Currie Coggs (center) and running coach Michael Davis (left).

Jesse and Carol Kahn in Glacier National Park.

57

2003Donna Hoghooghi, MD,ofSanFrancisco,Calif.,ispresident-electof theUCSF Medical SchoolAlumniAssociation.Shewill serve as presidentin 2010-2011. She andhusband Ted Bartletthave a five-year-olddaughter, Jasmine, andatwo-year-olddaughter,Millie.

Gerald K. Lee, MD,ofSanMateo,Calif.,wasawardedthe 2009 Outstanding Clinical Faculty award atcommencementbytheUCSFDepartmentofRadiologyand Biomedical Imaging. Since graduating from the

UCSF AbdominalImaging fellowshipin 2003, Lee hasserved as a clinicalfacultyinAbdominalImaging, returningseveral times eachyear to teachresidents and sharehis experiences. Heworks in the newlyformed VeteransAffairsTeleradiologyGroup in MenloPark.

Bachir Taouli, MD,ofNewYork,NY,writesthataftersix years at New York University, he has accepted apositionasdirectorofbodyMRIandassociateprofessorof radiology and medicine at Mount Sinai School ofMedicineinNewYorkCity.Hehastwoboys,ZacharyandElias.

2004Diego E. Ruiz, MD,ofSanFranciscoispresident-electofTheMargulisSociety.Hewill serveaspresident in2011-2013.

1986Jeffrey D. Dieden, MD, ofLafayette,Calif.,vacationedinRavello, on theAmalfiCoastof ItalywithhiswifeMelinda.

1989Debra L. Monticciolo, MD, FACR,ofTemple,Tex.,waselectedvice-presidentoftheSocietyofBreastImagingin2009.Sheservesaschair,MammographyAccreditation,fortheAmericanCollegeofRadiology.Sheisvice-chairfor research and section chief for the Department ofRadiologyatTexasA&MCollegeofMedicine.

1996Gautham Reddy, MD, MPH, of Seattle, Wash., isthe new deputy editor of The Journal of Thoracic Imaging. Reddy is a professor of radiology and vice-chair for education in the Department of Radiologyat the University of Washington School of Medicineand director of thoracic imaging at the University ofWashington Medical Center, Harborview MedicalCenter,andtheSeattleCancerCareAlliance.

1999Allen B. Nalbandian, MD,of San Diego, Calif., wasnominatedpresidentofhisgroup, Valley RadiologyConsultants. He alsowillserveaspresidentoftheSanDiegoRadiologySociety in 2010. Hehas launched a nicheteleradiology company,Women’s ImagingSpecialists of America,dedicated to women’simaging. He writes that“between career and family I manage to squeeze injustenoughtimetogetafewsurfsessions.”

Melinda and Jeffrey Dieden, Ravello, Italy Millie and Jasmine Bartlett

Ron Arenson presents outstanding clinical faculty award for teaching excellence to Gerald K. Lee.

Wendy and Allen Nalbandian with sons Dylan (9) and Ross (7)

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Gordon Gamsu, MDDr. Gordon Gamsu, a world-renowned thoracic

radiologist,colleague,mentor,andfriend,diedJanuary13,2009,inNewYorkCity,attheageof69years,afteranextendedillness.

Dr.GamsuwasborninJohannesburg,SouthAfricain 1940 and received his medicaltraining at the University of theWitwatersrand in Johannesburg.He trained indiagnostic radiologyat Beth Israel Hospital in Boston,Mass., and the Albert EinsteinCollegeofMedicine in theBronx,N.Y. He was a research fellow inthoracic radiology at the RoyalVictoria Hospital in Montreal,Quebec, Canada, and theCardiovascular Research Instituteof the UCSF, Medical Center.In 1972, he joined the UCSFfaculty. From 1973 to 1995, hedirected the Division of ThoracicImaging at UCSF, which, underhis leadership, became one ofthe best in the world, conductinggroundbreaking research incomputed tomography (CT) andmagnetic resonance evaluation ofthe normal lung and assessmentofchestdisease.HehadparticularinterestintheCTdiagnosisofasbestosisandwroteanumberofarticlesonthesubject.

Dr. Gamsu was the author or coauthor of 150original articles and 60 book chapters. He editedthreemajortextbooks,includingthefirstandsecondeditionsofComputed Tomography of the Body,whichwas the authoritative work on CT of the chest fornearly 15 years. From 1977 to 1993, he served asdirectoroftheradiologyresidencyprogramatUCSF.In1996,heleftUCSFtobecomeprofessorandvice-chairman of the Department of Radiology at WeillCornell Medical Center, New York, N.Y. From 1999untilhisretirementin2007,heservedasdirectorofoutpatientradiologyattheNewYorkHospital.

Duringhiscareer,Dr.Gamsuservedinnumerousleadership positions in academic radiology andpulmonary medicine and received numerous honorsandawards.HereceivedtheAssociationofUniversityRadiologists gold medal in 1974 and was awarded

a fellowship in the AmericanCollege of Radiology in 1991.From 1990 to 1992, he waseditor-in-chief of Investigative Radiology. In successive years(1999–2001), he was electedpresident of the two primaryacademic thoracic radiologyorganizations, the FleischnerSociety and the Society ofThoracicRadiology.Mostrecently,he was chosen to receive theSociety of Thoracic Radiology’sgold medal in recognition of hislifetime achievements in thoracicradiologyandcontributionstothesociety.

Dr. Gamsu taught andlectured internationally duringhis career and served onnumerous editorial boards andsocietal committees. Despitehis considerable personal

accomplishments inthe fieldof thoracicradiology,Dr.Gamsuisperhapsbestrecognizedforhistrainingofagenerationofacademicthoracicradiologists.Inhis25-yeartenureatUCSFandsubsequentyearsatWeillCornell Medical Center, he was responsible for thetrainingofnearly40thoracicradiologyfellows,manyofwhomhavebecomeleadersinthefield.ItisdifficulttothinkofanindividualwithagreaterimpactonthefieldofthoracicradiologyoverthepastquartercenturythanDr.GordonGamsu.

Heissurvivedbyhiswife,Dr.GayMorris,andhisdaughter,Jessica.

– Reprinted with permission of the RSNA. Klein J,Webb,W.Richard.InMemoram:GordonGamsu,MD,Radiology2009;251:951

Gordon Gamsu, MD

In MeMoRIaM

59

Thedepartment’sSixthAnnualImagingResearchSymposium,onSeptember15,2009,wastheoccasionforpresentingthefirstannualBruceHasegawaAwardforExcellenceinBiomedicalImagingtoDavidPham,PhD.

TheHasegawaaward recognizesa radiologyandbiomedical imaging graduate student or postdoctoralscholar.ItisfundedbyGordonHonda,MD,inmemoryofhisfriendBruceHasegawa,PhD,abrilliantscientist,teacher, and mentor in the Department of RadiologyandBiomedicalImaging,whodiedin2008.

The Distinction of Hasegawa’s NamePham is a postdoctoral scholar working in the

Nuclear-Optical Specialized Resource Group. “Dr.Hasegawaboughtmemyfirst lunchhereatUCSF,anunforgettable introduction to jerk chicken,” Phamrecalledinhisremarks.

“Although I was not privileged to study underhim, my few brief encounters with him left lastingimpressions. His warmth, good nature, generosity,and approachability often made me forget how hugea scientificgianthewas. I amgrateful for thisaward,butevenmoreforthedistinctionthatcomeswithDr.Hasegawa’snameandtheexcellencethatitembodies.”

Specialguestsattheceremony,heldinMillberryUnion, included Dr. Gordon and Mrs. Ruri Honda,Hasegawa’s brother and his wife, Ted and MarilynHasegawa,andtheirdaughterRebecca.

Symposium Grows in ScopeThe symposium highlighted the innovative

research being done in the department and at UCSF.ModeratedbyfacultyChristopherHessMD,PhD,andXiaojuanLi,PhD,theaudienceof200peopleinColeHall auditorium gained insights into diverse researchareas. Presentations and posters addressed cancer,neurodegenerative diseases, musculoskeletal diseases,and cardiovascular diseases. Information on medicalinformatics and image processing, MR/CT contrastagentdevelopment,andtheimagingmodalitiesofCT,MR, PET, SPECT, MEG, EEG, optical imaging, andultrasoundwerecovered.

Executive Vice-Chair of Radiology William P.Dillon,MD,gaveanoverviewofthemanyclinicalstudiesunderway in the department. Vice-Chair of ResearchSharmilaMajumdar,PhD,reviewedbasicsciencestudies.

The symposium planning committee headed byDavidSaloner,PhD,andLiencouragedfaculty,researchstaff, residents, fellows, post-docs, and students tosubmit abstractsof theirwork in all areasof imagingresearch. A committee reviewed these and selectedtopicsforpresentation.

MichaelHope,MD,andSophieBoddingtoneachreceivedasymposiumawardcertificateforOutstandingSpeaker Presentation. Both Hannes Kroll, MD, andPeder Larson, PhD, received an Outstanding Poster certificate.

IMagIng ReseaRcH syMposIUM sHowcases InnovatIon and fIRst annUal bRUce Hasegawa awaRd

Bruce Hasegawa Award: (l-r) David Pham, recipient, with Ron Arenson, Ted Hasegawa, Marilyn Hasegawa, Rebecca Hasegawa, and Gordon Honda.

Speaker and Poster Awards: (l-r) David Saloner, of the symposium planning committee with Sophie Boddington, Hannes Kroll, and symposium planner Xiaojuan Li.

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Patients and employees on the second shift inRadiologyareinthe“verycapablehands”ofAbdellaSaleh,RT,therecipientofthe2008LannaLeeAward.DirectorofMedicalOperationsKathyKnoerlwentontodescribeSalehas“aperfectexampleofthespiritoftheLannaLeeaward,” givenannually to theoutstanding technologistintheDepartmentofRadiologyandBiomedicalImaging.

SalehjoinedtheDepartmentofRadiologyandBio-medicalImagingin1989asahospitalassistant.Ahardworker,hismanagerencouragedhimtobecomeatech-

nologist because ofhis work ethic andthe personal care hegave patients. Salehcontinued to workin the departmenton weekends andevenings while hecompleted the Radio-logicTechnologistpro-gramatCityCollege.

Aftergraduation,Abdella applied for apositionintheDiag-nostic Department inRadiology. Given his

previousexperienceinthedepartment,hecouldworkinallareasofthedepartment,buthesoonbecametheexpertinfluoroscopyprocedures.Salehisknownforhisexcellentcustomerserviceandhisabilitytoantici-

pate the radiologist’srequests.

Saleh’s climb upthe career ladder inRadiology led to hisbecoming the after-noon supervisor in2003. “Abdella hasexcellent leadershipqualities; he knowswhat needs to bedone and works inthat direction. He iswell respected by theemployeeson the sec-ond shift, as well as the leadership in Radiology andradiologists. His calm demeanor and constant profes-sionalismarewell-suitedforabusydepartment.Abdellaleadsbyexampleandisverywillingtosharehisexten-siveknowledgewithstaff,”Knoerlconcluded.

The Lanna Lee Award was established in memory of Lanna Lee, a senior radiology technologist who died on her way home from work in 1989 during the Loma Prieta earthquake. Lee was a role model for others, always working with a smile and delivering excellent care to her patients. Since her death, this award is given annually in her honor at the department’s Holiday Party. Her family regularly attends the award celebration to share in the knowledge that her spirit lives on.

tHe lanna lee awaRd 2009

Svetlana Lee, daughter of Lanna Lee, with Kathy Knoerl.

Abdella Saleh with Nemia Ah, Lanna Lee’s sister.

WritingintheBritish Medical Journal,UmarTariqdescribedhisexperienceinthemonth-longRadiologyelective course for fourth-year medical students as a“learning treat…it does not feel like learning; by theendoftheelective,youwouldrealizethatyouhadgreatfunandyoualsolearnedalot.”

Tariq, a visiting medical student from Pakistan,was one of 110 students during the 2008-2009academic year to benefit from the popular GoldbergCenterclerkship.Inrecentyears,thecenter’sdirector,Richard Breiman, MD, and associate director, MarciaMcCowin,MD,haveintegratedmorecomputer-based,self-guided learningmodules and interactive teachinginto the traditional lecture-basedcurriculum. “WearelessdependentonRadiology faculty andare teachingstudents on the very technology they will be usingwhentheygointopractice,”saidBreiman.

Historically the clerkship has been the mostpopularseniorelectiveintheUCSFSchoolofMedicinecurriculum, with enrollment determined by lottery.However, recent budget cuts reduced the likelihoodofbeingselected.Thisyear,thefourth-yearRadiologyelectiveisbeingofferedonlythreeoutofninemonths.This, and other budget-related restrictions haveintensifiedtheneedtoexpandtheuseofindependent,self-guided learning tools (now being used at SanFrancisco General Hospital and the San FranciscoVeterans Affairs Medical Center) to teach medicalstudentsRadiology

The Evolving Role of the Radiology Curriculum The computer-based Radiology 100 syllabus,

designedbyHenryI.Goldberg,MD,inthemid-1990sto augment didactic teaching and the Margulis/RossTeachingFileareinthemidstofamajorupgrade.The

HenRy I. goldbeRg centeR foR advanced IMagIng edUcatIon

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June 2009, 140.03 Medical Student Radiology Elective in the Henry I. Goldberg Center.

original,film-based teachingfile,developed atUCSF inthe1960s,becamethebasisfortheAmericanCollegeofRadiology’steachingfile.Nowdigitizedandenhancedbyanimproveduserinterface,itcanbesearchedbykeyword,makingiteasiertofindteachingcases.TheRAD100syllabusisavailableonlinetoUCSFSchoolofMedicinestudentsandbysubscriptiontoothermedicalschools,includingStanfordand UCLA, a revenue source for the Goldberg Center.Breiman,aidedbytwostudent“curricularambassadors,”isalsodevelopinganew“roadmap”forRadiologyteachingthroughoutthefouryearsofmedicalschool.

UCSF continues to share its radiology teachingexpertise. Attendees at the 2009 meeting of theAssociation of University Radiologists gained insightsintotheUCSFRadiologycurriculumduringfoursessionsfeaturingBreiman.Hespokeontheroleofradiologyinteachinganatomy,ontheGoldbergCenter’sexperienceinvolvingresidentsinteachingmedicalstudents,andontherelativemeritsofaradiologyelectivevs.arequiredcourse.Healsoledasessionontheuseoftechnologyinteachingmedicalstudents,including3Dandinteractivelearningmodules.Breiman’sstereoscopic3Dworkwasthe topic of a presentation at the 2009 SIGGRAPHInternational Conference on Computer Graphics andInteractiveTechniques.

Goldberg Center Advanced 3D Imaging Research Drawing on Breiman’s expertise in three-

dimensionalimageprocessingtechniques,theGoldbergCenterisexploringnavigationanddisplaydevices.TheCenter has produced high-resolution 3D renderingsfor both 2D and stereoscopic 3D display viewable onpersonalcomputers,3Dworkstations,handhelddevicessuchasaniPhone,andinclassroomswith3Dviewinghardware.“Makingtheseimagesavailableonarangeofdevicesgreatlyexpandsaccessforstudentsandteachers,”Breimansaid.

UCSF,visitingmedicalstudents,andpostgraduatetrainees participate in projects in the lab, includingseveralRadiologyresidentsandstudentscommittedtoresidenciesatUCSF,UCLA,UCSD,USC,MassachusettsGeneralHospital/Harvard,theUniversityofIowa,andthe University of Kentucky. Students from Germany,France, India, Pakistan, Israel, and Lebanon haveworkedonprojectsforextendedperiods.

Thisyear,theirworkresultedin:

•Two presentations at UCSF’s summer studentresearchsymposium

•Apresentationatthe2009MedicineMeetsVirtualRealitymeeting

•Two projects nominated for the 2009 RSNAResearchTraineeAward

For more information on the Goldberg Center pleasevisitwww.radiology.ucsf.edu/medstudents.

Student Kudos for the Goldberg Center“The teaching reflects the excellent reputation

this department and institution have worldwide.Havingattendedseveralrotationsofthistypeinseveralinstitutions,Imustsaythishasbeenmybestandmostlearnedoneyet.Ilearnedmoreinthefewweeksherethan Ihad in thefirst threeyearsofmedical school.”David Mobley, Columbia University medical student

“The Radiology 140.03 elective, which drawstogethertheamazingfacultyandresourcesoftheUCSFRadiologyDepartment,exposesstudentstothecutting-edge medical imaging research being done at UCSF,whilepreparingthemforpracticeinahealthcaresys-teminwhichimagingcontinuestobecomeevermoreimportant.”Allison Tillack, UCSF medical student

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Inthe 51yearsthattheDepartmentofRadiologyandBiomedicalImaginghasofferedCMEcourses,thestockmarkethaspeakedandplummeted,butthevalueofthecoursesandcaliberofthespeakerspresentedbyRadiologyPostgraduateEducation(PGE)hasremainedconstant. We will continue this tradition into 2010,beingever-mindfuloftheneedtomaximizelearningineachCMEactivity.

Personnel ChangesAfter threesuccessfulyearsandcountlesshours,

Jeanne LaBerge, MD, stepped down as course chairforourRadiologyResidentReviewcoursetoassumealeadershippositionintheAmericanBoardofRadiology.LaBergeinstitutedmanyimprovementstothisflagshippostgraduateeducationcourse,makingitoneof(ifnot)thebestreviewcoursesinthenation.Wethankherforherdedicationandcontributions.

ThenewCourseChair,VickieFeldstein,MD, isalreadyatworktomakeitevenmorebeneficialforthesenior residents from programs throughout the U.S.andCanada,aswellaspracticinggeneralradiologists,whoattend.

TheResidentReviewcourseisalsobeingevaluatedto determine how it could and should be modifiedin light of the changes that the American Board ofRadiology will be making to the core and certifyingexaminationsstarting in2013.Go towwwtheabr.org/present/overview_changes_2.pdf for an overview ofthesechanges.

InFebruary,TymPeters,whohadservedasdirectorof Radiology Postgraduate Education since 2001,becamethedirectoroftheUCSFOfficeofContinuingMedicalEducationfortheSchoolofMedicine.Inthiscapacity,hemanagesallcontinuingmedicaleducationactivities for theentireSchoolofMedicine.RadiologyPostgraduate Education is now managed by MarySheridan,whoisworkingcloselywithLynneSteinbach,MD,chairofthePostgraduateEducationCommittee.

2009 Highlights Our first course-at-sea touring Alaska’s Inside

Passage onboard the Regent Seven Seas Mariner wasthe perfect combination of outstanding educationalpresentations,spectacularsceneryandwildlifeviewingopportunities, andunparalleled service and amenitiesonboardthesix-star,all-suiteship.Wealsoenjoyedavisit from an onboard celebrity, Robin Cook, doctorandauthorofnumerousbest-sellingmedical thrillers,including Coma. He joined us to hear Alisa Gean,MD, deliver a moving presentation on Lessons from Iraq: A Pictorial Tutorial on the Medical Care Given to Our Troops. We are evaluating the feasibility of afuturecruisecoursein2011.Visitourwebsite,www.radiology.ucsf.edu/postgrad, for details. If you haveafavoritecruisedestinationorcruiselineyouwouldlikeus to consider,please email your suggestions [email protected].

We continue to add extra value to our coursesby offering ABR-approved self-assessment modules

RadIology postgRadUate edUcatIon

Alaska CME Cruise 2009: (l-r) Judy Yee, Lynne Steinbach, Robin Cook, Ron Arenson, Alisa Gean.

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(SAM) at no additional charge to attendees.Faculty have developed 10 modules sincethe inceptionof thisprogramin2007.NewSAMs are being developed and included inour 2010 courses to help you fulfill your20 required SAMs. The need for SAMs willcontinue to grow, as more radiologists arebeing(re)certifiedforthefirsttimesincetheSAMsrequirementwasinstitutedin2002.

New for 2010Alongwithlong-standingannualcourses,

weareofferingnewdestinationsandhotelsandrefocusingsomeofourregularofferings.

In February, we will hold back-to-backMusculoskeletal and Abdomen & PelviscoursesattheWestinMissionHillsResortandSpainRanchoMirage,Calif.ThisnewvenuewaschosenforitscentrallocationintheGreaterPalmSpringsarea.Theresort issituatedon360acresandofferstwoworld-classgolfcoursesandextensiverec-reationalfacilities.

Our annual Diagnostic Imaging Course heldin May in Yosemite will move to the ocean in alter-nateyears.May24-28,2010wewillmeetforthefirsttime at the Intercontinental, The Clement Monterey.TheMontereyPeninsulaoffersscenicbeauty,historicMonterey, quaint Carmel-by-the-Sea, Cannery Row,PebbleBeach,andtheworld-renownedMontereyBay

Aquarium.ChristineGlastonbury,MBBS,willchairthiscourse,focusingonneuro/musculoskeletalimaging.

Wewillmakeourfirst journey tobeautifulBer-mudaforourinternationaldestinationcourseinJune.WewillmeetatTheFairmontSouthamptonfromJune20-25,2010withcoursechairLoriStrachowski,MD. Withitsromanticheritagedatingbacktotheprivateersof the 16th century, Bermuda provides colorful archi-tecture,tropicalbeauty,captivatingcrystalwaters,andpink-huedbeaches.YoucanalsoexperienceBritishtra-ditionssuchasafternoonteaandcricketwithouthav-

ingtoflyacrosstheAtlanticOcean.

Please take advantage of one of theseelectronic media to stay in touch with us andkeep abreast of our latest developments. Welookforwardtoseeingyouatoneofourfuturecourses.

• Find the most current course schedule atwww.radiology.ucsf.edu/postgrad

• Receive information about our courses viaemail;[email protected]

• Receivebreakingnews aboutPostgraduateEducationbyfollowingusonTwitteratwww.twitter.com/ucsfradiology

International CME destination 2010, Bermuda

Sea otters and the Monterey Bay Aquarium will delight attendees of the 2010 Neuro/Musculoskeletal Imaging Course.

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January 4-8, 2010ImagingandInterventionontheMayanRivieraTheFairmontMayakobaResort-PlayadelCarmen,Mexico

January 10-15, 2010BreastImaging&DigitalMammographyTheFairmontOrchid-Kona,Hawaii

January 17-22, 2010ImagingUpdateinKona:TopTeachersinRadiologyTheFairmontOrchid-Kona,Hawaii

January 31-February 2, 2010MusculoskeletalMRITheWestinMissionHillsResort&Spa-RanchoMirage,California

February 3-5, 2010Abdomen&PelvisCT/MRITheWestinMissionHillsResort&Spa-RanchoMirage,California

February 14-19, 2010BodyandMusculoskeletalImaginginParadiseTheFairmontOrchid-Kona,Hawaii

February 28-March 5, 2010RadiologyResidentReviewTheFairmontSanFrancisco–SanFrancisco,California

March 7-12, 2010SpringTrainingforRadiologistsDisney’sContemporaryResort–LakeBuenaVista,Florida

March 19-21, 2010BreastImagingUpdateTheWestinSanFranciscoMarketStreet-SanFrancisco,California

March 25-27, 2010VirtualColonoscopyWorkshopUCSFChinaBasinResearchCenter–SanFrancisco,California

April 18-22, 2010ImagingUpdateintheCapitalTheFairmontWashington,DC–Washington,DC

May 24-28, 2010Neuro/MusculoskeletalImaginginMontereyIntercontinental,TheClementMonterey–Monterey,California

June 20-25, 2010Brain,BodyandBreastImaginginBermudaTheFairmontSouthampton–Southampton,Bermuda

June 24-26, 2010VirtualColonoscopyWorkshopUCSFChinaBasinResearchCenter–SanFrancisco,California

September 9-11, 2010VirtualColonoscopyWorkshopUCSFChinaBasinResearchCenter–SanFrancisco,California

September 20-24, 2010InterventionalRadiologyReviewUCSFParnassusCampus–SanFrancisco,California

September 26-October 1, 2010Women’sImaginginWineCountryTheFairmontSonomaMissionInn&Spa-Sonoma,California

October 18-22, 2010UCSFRadiologyHighlightsJWMarriott,SanFrancisco,California

October 31-November 5, 2010DiagnosticRadiologySeminarsTheFairmontKeaLani–Maui,Hawaii

November 8-12, 2010BreastImagingandDigitalMammographyTBD,PalmSprings,California

December 5-10, 2010ImagingWarm-UpintheCaribbeanTheWestinSt.John,USVirginIslands

December 16-18, 2010VirtualColonoscopyWorkshopUCSF China Basin Research Center – San Francisco,California

2010 RadIology cMe calendaR

2 0 1 0 - 1 1 c a l e n d a R s n o w av a I l a b l e o n l I n e !For further information please contact:

RadiologyPostgraduateEducation,UCSFSchoolofMedicine3333CaliforniaStreet,Suite375,SanFrancisco,CA94143-0629

Tel:415/476-5731Fax:415/476-9213E-mail:[email protected]:www.radiology.ucsf/postgradCourse dates and locations are subject to change without notice before publication of a final brochure.

Please visit our website for the most current information.

R a d I o l o g y R e s e a R c H

abdominal ImagingFergus V. Coakley, MD, Chief

Research Directions:• Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and CT for

assessment of solid organs and tumors in theabdomenandpelvis

• AdvancedmodificationsofMRIandCTtechniquestooptimizeassessmentofhepatic,biliary,andrenaldisease

• Combined MRI and MR spectroscopic imaging(MRSI)inlocalizingandstagingprostatecancer

• Advancedhepaticimaging,includingmulti-detectorCT, CT cholangiography, new hepatobiliary MRcontrastagents,andMRcholangiopancreatography

• Radiological evaluation of diffuse liver disease,including cirrhosis, pseudocirrhosis, and non-alcoholichepatosis

• 3D rendering of CT and MR images, includingprojectional and volumetric applications, and CTcolonography

• Role of prenatalMRI andMRSI in fetal anomalies,fetallungmaturity,andobstetricdisease

• Evaluation of prostate cancer with MRSI in aprospective, multi-institutional, clinico-pathologicstudy

• Thepromotionofevidence-basedabdominalimaging,including systematic validation or debunking ofcommonlyheldopinionsandassumptions

Recent Key References:BahlM,QayyumA,WestphalenAC,NoworolskiSM,ChuPW,FerrellL,TienPC,BassNM,MerrimanRB.Liversteatosis:investigationofopposed-phaseT1-weightedliverMRsignalintensitylossandvisceralfatmeasurementasbiomarkers.Radiology.2008Oct;249(1):160-6.BarajasRFJr,YehBM,WebbEM,WestphalenAC,PoderL,CoakleyFV. Spectrum of CT findings in patients with atrial fibrillationand nontraumatic acute abdomen. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2009Aug;193(2):485-92.

ReseaRcH dIRectIons and Recent pUblIcatIons

Baxter S,WangZJ, JoeBN,QayyumA,TaouliB,YehBM.Timingbolus dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI assessment ofhepatic perfusion: Initial experience. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2009Jun;29(6):1317-22.PoffJA,CoakleyFV,QayyumA,YehBM,BrowneLW,MerrimanRB,Ferrell LD, Feldstein VA. Frequency and histopathologic basis ofhepaticsurfacenodularityinpatientswithfulminanthepaticfailure.Radiology. 2008Nov;249(2):518-23.WangZJ,JoeBN,CoakleyFV,ZaharchukG,BusseR,YehBM.Urinaryoxygen tensionmeasurement inhumansusingmagnetic resonanceimaging.Acad Radiol.2008Nov;15(11):1467-73.

biostatistics and outcomes Research specialized Resource group

Research Directions:ThemultidisciplinaryMDandPhDfacultyandresearchstaff of the Biostatistics and Outcomes Research SRGshareacommoninterestinstatisticalandepidemiologicalevaluation of radiology techniques. Our mission is to(1)provide stable, efficient, andcutting-edgestatisticaland research methodological support to departmentalresearchers in study design, data collection, clinicalresearch, data analysis, publication, and grantapplications; (2) develop innovative, customizedstatisticalandepidemiologicalmethods for radiologicalresearch; (3) use advancements in statistical andepidemiologicalmethodstoimprovethescientificqualityof,andhelpbridgeresearchprojectsinthedepartment;and(4)provideappropriatelevelsoftrainingtoresearchfellows,residents,andfaculty.Currentresearchincludes:

• Determining efficient designs to integrate newmarkersindrugdevelopment/clinicaltrials

• Outcomes• Bayesian reconstruction of low-resolution MRI

modalities• Voxel-basedstatisticalmethods

• Bayesiandecisionanalysisfordiagnosticmethods

• Locationerror

• Optimizing statistical design and methodology tovalidatenewtechniquesinpatientcare

• Unifyingstatisticalmodelsforimagingmeta-analysiswithaggregatedandindividualpatientdata

• AssessingtheriskofcancerassociatedwithincidentalfindingsidentifiedonultrasoundandCTimaging

• Developingstandardizedguidelines for interpretingultrasoundimaging

• Assessing patterns of imaging over time usingcomputer tomography and quantifying associatedexposuretoionizingradiation

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• Determining patient, physician, and technologistfactorsassociatedwithhighCTradiationexposure

• Determiningtheriskofcancerassociatedwithhighmedicalradiationexposure

• Describing patterns of prenatal screening for birthdefects and identifying multi-level factors thatinfluencetheadoptionofnewerscreeningtests

• Texture analysis and data mining of multimodalmedicalimages

• ImproveddiagnosticimagingusingMRspectroscopy

Key Recent Publications: FanSK,VenookAP,LuY.Designissuesindose-findingPhaseItrialsforcombinationsoftwoagents.J Biopharm Stat.2009;19(3):509-23.JinH,LuY.Anon-inferioritytestofareasundertwoparametricROCcurves.Contemp Clin Trials.2009Jul;30(4):375-9.KornakJ,DunhamB,HallDA,HaggardMP.237-253Nonlinearvoxel-basedmodellingofthehaemodynamicresponseinfMRI.J Appl Stat.200936(3):237-253.Kornak J,YoungK,SchuffN,DuA,MaudsleyAA,WeinerMW.K-Bayes Reconstruction for Perfusion MRI I: Concepts andApplication.J Digit Imaging. 2009Feb10.[Epub ahead of print]Smith-Bindman R, Miglioretti DL, Larson EB. Rising use ofdiagnostic medical imaging in a large integrated health system.Health Aff (Millwood).2008Nov-Dec;27(6):1491-502.SchuelerKM,ChuPW,Smith-BindmanR.Factorsassociatedwithmammographyutilization:asystematicquantitativereviewoftheliterature.Womens Health (Larchmt).2008Nov;17(9):1477-98.

brain behavior Research Interest groupSrikantan Nagarajan, PhD, Co-Director Pratik Mukherjee, MD, PhD, Co-Director

Research Directions:Thevisionof theBrain-BehaviorRIGisto:•Understand the

relationshipbetweenbrainandbehavior inhealthanddisease

• Integrateinformationfrommoleculestomind• Translateneuroimagingadvancestotheclinic

Ourspecificmissionisto:

• Mapandanalyzefunctionalactivationinthebrain• Mapandanalyzestructuralandfunctionalnetwork

connectivityinthebrain• Identify neurophysiological and neuroanatomical

correlatesofbehaviorinhealthanddisease

Specific projects involve:• Understanding the neural bases of sensory and

motorfunction,speech,language,learning,memory,

attention, executive function, and social cognitionas measured by brain structure, function, andconnectivityinthehealthyandinavarietyofdiseases

• Developing biological, brain-based markers fordiagnosis, monitoring disease progression, andresponsetotherapies

• Developing and disseminating powerful, state-of-the-art computational tools and resources formultimodalstructuralandfunctionalbrainimaging

• Developingnovelbrain-basedtherapies

The RIG’s activities are currently involved with thesespecificpopulations:

• Healthyyoungadults,normallydevelopingchildren,andnormalagingadults

• Patients with epilepsy, traumatic brain injury;neuroENT(tinnitus,spasmodicdysphonia);andneuropsychiatricillnesses(schizophrenia,depression,PTSD,lupus,GulfWarSyndrome);multiplesclerosis,movementdisorders(Parkinson’sdisease,focalhanddystonia),priondiseases(CJD);neurodevelopmentaldisorders (autism,agenesisof thecorpuscallosum,cerebral palsy); neurodegenerative diseases(Alzheimer’s/MCI,FTD,ALS,semanticdementia,PPA);braintumors;cerebrovasculardisease(stroke,AVM,sicklecelldisease)

Recent Key References:HenryRG,ShiehM,AmirbekianB,ChungS,OkudaDT,PelletierD. Connecting white matter injury and thalamic atrophy inclinicallyisolatedsyndromes.J Neurol Sci2009;282:61-6.Hinkley LB, Webster RL, Byl NN, Nagarajan SS. Neuroimagingcharacteristicsofpatientswithfocalhanddystonia.J Hand Ther.2009Apr-Jun;22(2):125-34.NiogiSN,MukherjeeP,GhajarJ,JohnsonC,KolsterR,LeeH,SuhM,ManleyGT,CandlissBD.Structuraldissociationofattentionalcontrol andmemory in adults with andwithoutmild traumaticbraininjury.Brain.2008Dec;131(Pt12):3209-21.NiogiSN,MukherjeeP,GhajarJ,JohnsonC,KolsterRA,SarkarR,LeeH,MeekerM,ZimmermanRD,ManleyGT,McCandlissBD.Extent of microstructural white matter injury in postconcussivesyndromecorrelateswith impairedcognitive reaction time:a3Tdiffusion tensor imaging study of mild traumatic brain injury.AJNR Am J Neuroradiol.2008May;29(5):967-73.Ventura MI, Nagarajan SS, Houde JF. Speech target modulatesspeakinginducedsuppressioninauditorycortex.BMC Neurosci.2009Jun13;10:58.

brain cancer Research Interest groupSoonmee Cha, MD, Co-Director Sarah J. Nelson, PhD, Co-Director

Research Directions:Evaluatingpatientswithbraintumorsisamajorfocusfor imaging research at UCSF and is an importantapplicationfor thedevelopmentofnovelMRimagingandspectroscopytechniques.Thisresearchisperformedin close collaboration with the Brain Tumor Research

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Center,whichincludesabroadarrayofbasicscientistsand clinical researchers engaged inmulti-disciplinary,translational research studies with a common diseasefocus. The researchers in the brain tumor RIG havesubstantial NIH and other agency grant funding tosupport their work. Key methodologies being appliedtounderstand theunderlyingmechanismsof responsetotherapyandtovalidate in vivo parametersincludetheex vivo analysisofimage-guidedtissuesamplesandtheapplicationsofNMRspectroscopyincellandpre-clinicalmodel systems. In vivo imaging methodologies underconsideration include the following mechanisms forprobing anatomic, vascular, structural, and metabolicpropertiesofbraintumors.

• Applying T2*-weighted magnitude and phaseimages acquired with 3T and 7T whole bodyscanners forvisualizingheterogeneity in the regionof T2 hyperintensity caused by local changes insusceptibilityduetohemorrhageandothertreatmenteffects

• Measuring changes in vascular properties usingarterial spin labeling, dynamic-contrast enhanced,(DCE) and perfusion-weighted (PW) imaging forpatientsreceivinganti-angiogenictherapies

• Assessing the changes in diffusion tensor imagingfor mapping connectivity by applying tractographytovisualizethedisruptioninnormaltissuestructurecausedbythetumor,andinthepre-operativeanalysisofthepatientforsurgicalplanningpurposes

• Evaluating metabolically abnormal, non-enhancingtumor to quantify disease burden, plan treatment,and assess treatment response using 1H MRSI andhyperpolarizedC-13metabolicimaging

• Identifying parameters that contribute to thecharacterizationoflesionswhicharenon-enhancingon post-Gadolinium T1-weighted images to assesstumor burden and select the most appropriatetreatments

• Correlating non-invasive imaging parameters withthe genetic and molecular properties of tumors toidentifylesionsthatarelikelytohaveapooroutcomeandtotailortherapytoindividualpatients

• Investigating the metabolic profile of primary/recurrenttumorwithex vivoHRMASofimage-guidedbiopsiestoidentifydiseasepathwaysthatareaffectedandcouldbetargetedfortherapeuticintervention

• Developing new surrogate metabolic markers ofdisease progression based on association of ex vivo andin vivometabolicprofilesandimagingdata

Recent Key References:CrawfordFW,KhayalIS,McGueC,SaraswathyS,PirzkallA,ChaS,LambornKR,ChangSM,BergerMS,NelsonSJ.Relationshipofpre-surgerymetabolicandphysiologicalMR imagingparameterstosurvival forpatientswithuntreatedGBM. J Neurooncol.2009Feb;91(3):337-51.

KhayalIS,McKnightTR,McGueC,VandenbergS,LambornKR,ChangSM,ChaS,NelsonSJ.ApparentdiffusioncoefficientandfractionalanisotropyofnewlydiagnosedgradeIIgliomas.NMR Biomed.2009May;22(4):449-55.Saraswathy S, Crawford FW, Lamborn KR, Pirzkall A, Chang S,ChaS,NelsonSJ.EvaluationofMRmarkersthatpredictsurvivalinpatientswithnewlydiagnosedGBMpriortoadjuvanttherapy.J Neurooncol.2009Jan;91(1):69-81.Pirzkall A, McGue C, Saraswathy S, Cha S, Liu R, Vandenberg S,Lamborn KR, Berger MS, Chang SM, Nelson SJ. Tumor regrowthbetweensurgeryandinitiationofadjuvanttherapyinpatientswithnewly diagnosed glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol. 2009 Feb 19. [Epubaheadofprint]RossJ,NajjarAM,SankaranarayanapillaiM,TongWP,KaluarachchiK,RonenSM.Fattyacidsynthaseinhibitionresultsinamagneticresonance-detectable drop in phosphocholine. Mol Cancer Ther. 2008Aug;7(8):2556-65.

breast cancer Research Interest groupNola Hylton, PhD, Co-Director Bonnie N. Joe, MD, Co-Director

Research Directions:TheBreastRIG’sresearchaimsaretoadvanceimaging-basedapproachesforbreastcancerdiagnosis,leadingtoearlierdetection,reductionofdiseaserecurrence,and improved survival. Our major research areasinclude:

• MRI and spectroscopy to assess breast tumorresponsetoneoadjuvantchemotherapy.UCSFistheleadinstitutionforthenationalACRIN6657/I-SPYbreastcancerclinicaltrialtestingMRIandmolecularbiomarkersforthepredictionoftreatmentresponseand survival for women receiving neoadjuvantchemotherapyforlocallyadvancedbreastcancer.

• Computer-aidedtoolsforreal-timemeasurementofMRIbiomarkersforbreastcancer

• MRIofductalcarcinoma in-situ(DCIS)forstagingandassessingresponsetohormonaltreatment

• Quantitative mammographic breast densitymeasurementforbreastcancerriskassessment

• MRI-directedtissuebiopsyforradiologic-pathologiccorrelationofimagingandmolecularbiomarkers

• MRI measurement of breast density and tissuecomposition

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Recent Key References:AliuSO,WilmesLJ,MoasserMM,HannBC,LiKL,WangD,HyltonNM. MRI methods for evaluating the effects of tyrosine kinaseinhibitoradministrationusedtoenhancechemotherapyefficiencyinabreasttumorxenograftmodel.J Magn Reson Imaging. 2009May;29(5):1071-9.Barker AD, Sigman CC, Kelloff GJ, Hylton NM, Berry DA,EssermanLJ.I-SPY2:anadaptivebreastcancertrialdesigninthesettingofneoadjuvantchemotherapy.Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2009Jul;86(1):97-100.Cummings SR, Tice JA, Bauer S, Browner WS, Cuzick J, Ziv E,VogelV,ShepherdJ,VachonC,Smith-BindmanR,KerlikowskeK.Preventionofbreastcancerinpostmenopausalwomen:approachesto estimating and reducing risk.. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2009 Mar18;101(6):384-98KlifaC,Carballido-GamioJ,WilmesL,LaprieA,ShepherdJ,GibbsJ,FanB,NoworolskiS,HyltonN.Magneticresonanceimagingforsecondaryassessmentofbreastdensityinahigh-riskcohort.Magn Reson Imaging2009.[Epub]KuererHM,AlbarracinCT,YangWT,CardiffRD,BrewsterAM,Symmans WF, Hylton NM, Middleton LP, Krishnamurthy S,Perkins GH, Babiera G, Edgerton ME, Czerniecki BJ, Arun BK,Hortobagyi GN. Ductal carcinoma in situ: state of the science androadmaptoadvancethefield. J Clin Oncol.2009Jan10;27(2):279-88.

cardiac and pulmonary ImagingCharles B. Higgins, MD, Interim Chief

Research Directions:Cardiac CT angiography (CTA)• CTAassessmentofcoronaryallograftvasculopathy

afterhearttransplantation• UseofcardiacCTAforpre-surgicalclearance• UseofcardiacCTAfordefinitiveemergencyroom

evaluationofatypicalchestpain• Evaluation of coronary atherosclerosis in patients

withHIVinfection

Cardiac CT• Evaluationofpulmonaryvenousanatomyinatrial

fibrillation• Characterizationof myocardial ischemic injury by

contrast-enhancedMRIandCT

High-resolution CT• High-resolutionCTdiagnosisoflungdisease

• Clinical outcomes following negative CTforacutepulmonaryembolism

• Predictors of poor outcome in patientswithacutePEdiagnosedbyhelicalCT

Cardiac MRI• Use of novel cardiac MRI techniques

and computational modeling for thequantitative assessment of ventricularperformanceincongenitalheartdisease

• Use of multidimensional flow techniquesfor quantitative assessment of flowdynamicsincongenitalheartdisease

• MRItoassesscardiacfunctionafterrepairoftetralogyofFallot;correlationwithclinicaloutcomes

• MRItoassesscardiacfunctioninthesingleventriclepatient after Fontan palliation; correlation withclinicaloutcomes

• EndovasculartherapyandhemodynamicassessmentusingMRIguidance

Recent Key References:Chang AY, FitzGerald SJ, Cannaday J, Zhang S, Patel A, PalmerMD,ReddyGP,OrdovasKG,StillmanAE,JanowitzW,RadfordNB,RobertsAJ,LevineBD.Cardiovascular risk factors andcoronaryatherosclerosis in retiredNationalFootballLeagueplayers.Am J Cardiol.2009Sep15;104(6):805-11.Elicker B, Pereira CA, Webb R, Leslie KO. High-resolutioncomputedtomographypatternsofdiffuseinterstitiallungdiseasewithclinical andpathological correlation. J Bras Pneumol.2008Sep;34(9):715-44.HopeMD,MeadowsAK,HopeTA,OrdovasKG,ReddyGP,AlleyMT,HigginsCB.Imagesincardiovascularmedicine.Evaluationofbicuspidaorticvalveandaorticcoarctationwith4Dflowmagneticresonanceimaging.Circulation.2008May27;117(21):2818-9.ZamoraAC,CollardHR,BarreraL,MendozaF,WebbWR,CarrilloG.Siliconeinjectioncausingacutepneumonitis:acaseseries.Lung.2009Aug;187(4):241-4.Zhuo H, Yang K, Lynch SV, Dotson RH, Glidden DV, Singh G,Webb WR, Elicker BM, Garcia O, Brown R, Sawa Y, Misset B,Wiener-KronishJP.Increasedmortalityofventilatedpatientswithendotracheal Pseudomonas aeruginosa without clinical signs ofinfection.CritCareMed.2008Sep;36(9):2495-503.

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Contrast Agent Research GroupHeike Daldrup-Link, MD, PhD, Director

The research program of the Contrast Agent Research group focuses on “cellular MR imaging,” a new discipline that combines cell biology and in vivo MR imaging. Cellular imaging provides non-invasive in vivo detection of specific cell populations in target organs. Our long-term research objectives are to diagnose microscopic disease before it becomes symptomatic, to monitor cellular therapies that specifically eradicate pathologic cells, and to monitor stem cell therapies that regenerate physiologic cell populations.

Research Directions:• In vivo tracking of contrast-agent-labeled stem

cells in arthritic joints for non-invasive assessment of stem cell engraftment outcomes

• Labeling human embryonic stem cells with clinically applicable contrast agents and fluorescent dyes for a non-invasive cell depiction with MRI and optical imaging

• Monitoring the efficacy of new cellular immunotherapies designed specifically to eradicate cancer cells.

• Specific in vivo targeting of breast and ovarian cancers for improved cancer detection and characterization; specifically, evaluating novel folate-receptor contrast agents for detecting breast and ovarian cancers

Recent Key References:Daldrup-Link HE, Mohanty A, Cuenod C, Pichler B, Link T. New perspectives on bone marrow contrast agents and molecular imaging. SeminMusculoskeletRadiol. 2009 Jun;13(2):145-56.Henning TD, Wendland MF, Golovko D, Sutton EJ, Sennino B, Malek F, Bauer JS, McDonald DM, Daldrup-Link H. Relaxation effects of ferucarbotran-labeled mesenchymal stem cells at 1.5T and 3T: discrimination of viable from lysed cells. MagnResonMed.2009 Aug;62(2):325-32.Tavri S, Jha P, Meier R, Henning TD, Mueller T, Hostetter D, Knopp C, Johansson M, Reinhardt V, Boddington S, Sista A, Wels W, Daldrup-Link HE: Optical imaging of cellular immunotherapy against prostate cancer. MolImaging. 2009 Jan-Feb;8(1):15-26.Wang J, Boddington S, Wendland M, Meier R, Corot C, Daldrup-Link HE: MR Imaging of Ovarian Tumors using Folate-Receptor targeted contrast agents. PediatrRadiol. 2008 May;38(5):529-37.Additional references are available at www.radiology.ucsf.edu/contrast_agent.

Goldberg Center for Advanced Imaging EducationRichard S. Breiman, MD, Director

Research Directions:• Applying technology to teaching: C 3D image processing, including stereoscopic 3D C Interactive software, such as Flash, for the

creation of teaching modules C Stereoscopic 3D displays C Display of educational content on handheld

displays C Handheld devices for 3D navigation C Simplified user interfaces for 3D rendering

• Focusing educational research on the assessment of the learning value of techno-centric teaching methods, such as computer-based interactive teaching modules

• Assessing the value of 3D renderings, including stereoscopic 3D, in teaching normal and abnormal anatomy

• Simulating surgical and other interventional proce-dures, and communicating the results of diagnostic imaging examinations

• Creating research and curricular development opportunities for students and residents

Recent Key References:Breiman RS, Coakley FV, Webb EM, Ellingson JJ, Roberts JP,

Kohr J, Lutz J, Knoess N, Yeh BM. CT cholangiography in potential liver donors: effect of premedication with intravenous morphine on biliary caliber and visualization. Radiology. 2008 Jun;247(3):733-7. Chawla SC, Jha P, Breiman R, Farmer D, Gooding C. Congenital tracheobiliary fistula diagnosed with contrast-enhanced CT and 3-D reformation. PediatrRadiol. 2008 Sep;38(9):999-1002. Hsu CT, Wang ZJ, Yu AS, Gould RG, Fu Y, Joe BN, Qayyum A, Breiman RS, Coakley FV, Yeh BM. Physiology of renal medullary tip hyperattenuation at unenhanced CT: urinary specific gravity and the NaCl concentration gradient. Radiology. 2008 Apr;247(1):147-53.Qayyum A, Chen DM, Breiman RS, Westphalen AC, Yeh BM, Jones

KD, Lu Y, Coakley FV, Callen PW. Evaluation of diffuse liver steatosis by ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging: which modality is best? Clin Imaging. 2009 Mar-Apr;33(2):110-5.Teistler M, Breiman RS, Lison T, Bott OJ, Pretschner DP, Aziz A, Nowinski WL. Simplifying the exploration of volumetric images: development of a 3D user interface for the radiologist’s workplace. J DigitImaging. 2008 Oct;21 Suppl 1:S2-12.

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Interventional Magnetic Resonance ImagingDavid Saloner, PhD, Director

Research Directions:• EvaluatingthebenefitaddedbyusingMRIincombi-

nationwithaninterventionalangiographysuite• AssessingtheuseofMR-determinedhemodynamic

measurestomonitorinterventionalprocedures,suchasstentingorangioplasty

• Determining changes in end-organ perfusion inresponsetointerventionalprocedures

• Developing methods for site-specific delivery oftherapeuticagents

• Evaluating MR monitoring of tumor embolizationtherapy

• MRguidanceofdeepbrainstimulatorplacement

Recent Key References:Martin AJ, Starr PA, Larson PS. Software requirements forinterventional MR in restorative and functional neurosurgery.Neurosurg Clin N Am.2009Apr;20(2):179-86.CarlssonM,MartinA,UrsellP,SalonerD,andSaeedM.MagneticResonanceImagingQuantificationOfLeftVentricularDysfunctionFollowing Coronary Microembolization. Magn Reson Med. 2009Mar;61(3):595-602.DicksDL,CarlssonM,HeibergE,MartinA,SalonerD,ArhedenH,SaeedM.Persistentdeclineinlongitudinalandradialstrainaftercoronary microembolization detected on velocity encoded phasecontrastmagneticresonanceimaging.J Magn Reson Imaging.2009Jul;30(1):69-76.DicksD,SalonerD,MartinA,CarlssonM,SaeedM.Percutaneoustransendocardial VEGF gene therapy: MRI guided delivery andcharacterizationof3Dmyocardial strain.Int J Cardiol.2009Apr5.[Epub]Martin AJ, Baek B, Acevedo-Bolton G, Higashida RT, ComstockJ, Saloner DA. MR imaging during endovascular procedures: anevaluationof thepotential forcatheterheating.Magn Reson Med.2009Jan;61(1):45-53.

Interventional RadiologyRobert K. Kerlan, Jr., MD, Chief

Research Directions:• JointprojectwithTransplantServiceforimplantation

ofpancreaticisletcells• JointprojectwithTransplantServicefordownstaging

hepatocellular carcinoma in potential transplantcandidates

• Joint project with Abdominal Imaging using MRdiffusionimagingtodifferentiateflowabnormalitiesfromhepatocellularcarcinoma

• Joint project with Pediatric Surgery to creategastrojejunostomiesandpercutaneousjejunostomiesusingmagnets

• Assessing the role of interventional radiology inmanaging complications related to the creation ofilealpouchesfollowingproctectomy

• Useofexpandablemetallicstentsintheairways• JointprojectwithUrologyonRF ablationof small

renalmasses• Assessingthesafetyoftransdiaphragmaticdrainages

Recent Key References:Brandt-Zawadski M, Kerlan RK Jr. Patient-centered radiology:useitorloseit!Acad Radiol.2009May;16(5):521-3.Costouros NG, Niho H, Mahadevan U, Kerlan RK Jr, BloomAI. Angiographic embolization for control of life-threateninghemorrhagefrombenignrectalulcers.J Vasc Interv Radiol.2009Apr;20(4):561-2.YaoFY,KerlanRKJr,HiroseR,DavernTJ3rd,BassNM,FengS,PetersM,TerraultN,FreiseCE,AscherNL,RobertsJP.Excellentoutcome following down-staging of hepatocellular carcinomaprior to liver transplantation: an intention-to-treat analysis.Hepatology.2008Sep;48(3):819-27.

Informatics and Image processing/display specialized Resource groupDavid E. Avrin, MD, PhD, Director

Research and Development Directions:Our SRG initiated a number of exciting projects andboth submitted and was awarded an abundance ofgrantsthispastyear.

• IDR: The Vice Chancellor’s Office for Informa-tion Technology is deploying an Integrated DataRepository (IDR) to facilitate translational bench-to-bedside research. The IDR will be populated withanonymous data from UCARE and other sources

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such as ImageCast, with links to PACS studiesand images. The research databaseprojectofDrs.MaxWintermarkandWyattTellisisbeingusedasaproof-of-concepttestcase.Theresearchdatabasewillbebothadatasourceandadataconsumer.TheIDRisbased on i2b2 multi-institutional collaborativeconcepts.

• Research PACS: Asour researchenterprisegrows,with close collaboration between our imagingscientists and clinical sections through the RIGstructure, and the need for HIPAA compliance,it has become clear that our Department needs ananonymousresearchPACSandotherarchivesystem,with re-identification capabilities. The Informaticsand Image Processing SRG, in collaboration withmembersofseveralresearchgroups,planstodeploysuchasystemthiscomingyear.

• Image Processing: Several members of our SRG,notably Karl Young, PhD, and Colin Studholme,PhD,receivedNIHgrants.Youngworksonstatisticalanalysisofimages,andStudholmeonmappingtoananatomicmodelinthepresenceofmotion.

• RSNA Image Sharing Initiative: WeareoneoffiveinstitutionslistedasdevelopmentanddemonstrationsitesonacontracttobeawardedtoRSNAbyNIBIBtodevelopasecureandusableweb-basedsystemforinstitutions to studies and images. Permission andauthenticationofpatientsandphysicianswouldbeachievedthroughweb-basedpersonalhealthrecordsactingasaportal.Weanticipatethatthistechnologywill obviate the need to create and transport CDs.Drs. Tellis and Avrin submitted RC-1and RC-2 “challenge grants” in responseto the Obama administration fundingof health care information technologyprojects, based upon the to-be-developedRSNA technology. These projects addressthe need for multi-institutional researchimagesharingandUC-wideclinicalimagesharing.

Recent Key Publications:Maudsley AA, Domenig C, Govind V, Darkazanli A,Studholme C, Arheart K, Bloomer C. Mapping of brainmetabolite distributions by volumetric proton MRspectroscopicimaging(MRSI)Magnetic Resonance in

Medicine.Volume61Issue3,March2009,Pages548-559.Hadjidemetriou S, Studholme C,Mueller S,Weiner MW, Schuff, N.RestorationofMRIdataforintensitynon-uniformities using local highorder intensity statistics. Medical Image Analysis.Volume13,Issue1,February2009,Pages36-48.Kornak J, Young K. K-BayesReconstruction for PerfusionMRI II: Modeling and Technical

Development.J Digit Imaging.2009Mar10.[Epub]Kornak J,YoungK,SchuffN,DuA,MaudsleyAA,WeinerMW.K-Bayes Reconstruction for Perfusion MRI I: Concepts andApplication.J Digit Imaging.2009Feb10.[Epub]MatsonGB,YoungK,KaiserLG.RFpulsesforin vivospectroscopyat high field designed under conditions of limited power usingoptimalcontrol.J Magn Reson.2009Jul;199(1):30-40YeeJ.CTcolonography:techniquesandapplications.Radiol Clin N Am.2009;47:133-145.Additional references are available at www. radiology.ucsf.edu/bicg/publications/journals.

Margaret Hart surbeck laboratory of advanced ImagingSarah J. Nelson, PhD, Director Daniel B. Vigneron, PhD, Associate Director

Research Directions: Developmentofhigh-field,3Tesla(3T)and7Tesla(7T)Magnetic Resonance (MR) techniques with improvedsensitivityandspecificitythatmoreeffectivelyaddressfundamentalproblems inbiologyandmedicine,mostnotably:• New algorithms for reconstructing spatial and

temporal responses of biological systems andquantifying the resultant multi-dimensional andmulti-spectralimages

• New strategies for designing high-frequency RFcoils and coil arrays that address electromagneticproblemsandcomputational electromagnetism inin vivoMRathighfieldsusingtheFDTDandotherfiniteelementmethods

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• ApplicationsofnovelRFcoildesignsforin vivo MRIandspectroscopy

• Implementing parallel imaging strategies foranatomic, vascular, and spectroscopic imagingsequencesinthemusculoskeletalsystem,prostate,andbrain

• Dynamiccontrast-enhancedandperfusion-weightedimaging

• Phaseandsusceptibility-weightedimaging• High-resolutionangiographyofneurovasculardisease• Developingfaster,morereliablemethodstoacquire

andprocessdiffusionMRI• Integrating studieson thehumanscannerswithex

vivoanalysesoftissuesamplesusinghigh-resolutionmagicanglespinningNMRspectroscopy

• Improving and translating 3T MR spectroscopysequencesforprostateandbraininroutineclinicaluse

• Applying anddevelopinghigh-resolutionMRI,MRspectroscopy,andMRdiffusionimagingtechniquesat7T

• Developing hyperpolarized C-13 agents andintegrating novel data acquisition and analysisprocedures

• Applying hyperpolarized C-13 metabolic imagingin cell systems and pre-clinical models to evaluatecancerandotherdiseases

• Developing new methods for hyperpolarized C-13metabolicimaginginpatients

Scientists in the Surbeck Lab continue to develophands-on educationalprograms inhigh-fieldMR thatareavailable toundergraduateandgraduate students,medicalstudents,andresearchfellows.

Recent Key References:AlbersMJ,BokR,ChenAP,CunninghamCH,ZierhutML,ZhangVY,KohlerSJ,TroppHurdRE,YenYF,NelsonSJ,VigneronDB,KurhanewiczJ.Hyperpolarized13Clactate,pyruvate,andalanine:noninvasivebiomarkersforprostatecancerdetectionandgrading.Cancer Res.2008Oct15;68(20):8607-15.Hammond KE, Metcalf M, Carvajal L, Okuda DT, Srinivasan R,VigneronD,NelsonSJ,PelletierD.Quantitativein vivomagneticresonanceimagingofmultiplesclerosisat7teslawithsensitivitytoiron.Ann Neurol.2008Dec;64(6):707-13.Hess CP. Update on diffusion tensor imaging in Alzheimer’sdisease.Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 2009May;17(2):215-24.KrugR,Carballido-GamioJ,BanerjeeS,BurghardtAJ,LinkTM,MajumdarS.In-vivoultra-high-fieldmagneticresonanceimagingof trabecular bone micro-architecture at 7 tesla. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2008Apr;27(4):854-9.Larson PE, Kerr AB, Chen AP, Lustig MS, Zierhut ML, Hu S,Cunningham CH, Pauly JM, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB.Multiband excitation pulses for hyperpolarized 13C dynamicchemical-shiftimaging.J Magn Reson.2008Sep;194(1):121-7.VonMorzeC,PurcellDD,BanerjeeS,XuD,MukherjeeP,KelleyDA,MajumdarS,VigneronDB.High-resolutionintracranialMRAat7Tusingautocalibratingparallelimaging:initialexperienceinvasculardiseasepatients.Magn Reson Imaging.2008Dec;26(10):1329-33.

WuB,WangC,KrugR,KelleyD,XuD,Banerjee,VigneronD,NelsonS,MajumdarS,ZhangX.7Thumanspineimagingarrayswith adjustable inductive decoupling. IEEE Trans Bio Med Eng. 2009;2009Aug25.[Epub]

MR/ct contrast agent development specialized Resource groupBenjamin M. Yeh, MD, Co-Director Michael F. Wendland, PhD, Co-Director

Research Directions:Ouroverarchingmissionistodevelopnovelandusefulcontrastmediaandapplicationsforcontrast-enhancedimaging. Our strategies include developing novelmethodsforcelltracking,drugdelivery,andtreatmentmonitoring, and the refinement of pharmacokineticmodeling, quantitative imaging, and translationalresearch. We seek to answer fundamental biomedicalquestions, including determining tumor-specificcharacteristics by developing and testing probes toassesstumorreceptorstatusandmicrovesselleakiness.

Researchdirectionsaretodevelop:

• Imaging angiogenesis by use of macromolecularcontrastmaterialforCTandMRItoallowaccurateassessmentofmicrovesselpermeability

• HumanembryonicstemcelllabelingwithSPIOandfluorescentdyesforMRIandopticalimaging

• Folate-receptortargetedcontrastagentsforimagingmalignancy

• NovelapplicationsofCTcontrastmaterials• Ratmodelofnephrogenicsystemicfibrosis• Dual-energyCTapplications

References:BoddingtonS,HenningTD,SuttonEJ,Daldrup-LinkHE.Labelingstem cells with fluorescent dyes for non-invasive detectionwithoptical imaging. J Vis Exp. 2008Apr2;(14). pii: 686.doi:10.3791/686.Henning TD, Wendland MF, Golovko D, Sutton EJ, Sennino B,Malek F, Bauer JS, McDonald DM, Daldrup-Link H. Relaxationeffectsofferucarbotran-labeledmesenchymalstemcellsat1.5Tand3T:discriminationofviablefromlysedcells.Magn Reson Med. 2009Aug;62(2):325-32.RaatschenHJ,FuY,BraschRC,PietschH,ShamesDM,YehBM.In vivomonitoringofangiogenesisinhibitorytreatmenteffectsby

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dynamiccontrast-enhancedcomputedtomographyinaxenografttumormodel.Invest Radiol. 2009May;44(5):265-70.SenninoB,RaatschenHJ,WendlandMF,FuY,YouWK,ShamesDM,McDonaldDM,BraschRC.CorrelativedynamiccontrastMRIand microscopic assessments of tumor vascularity in RIP-Tag2transgenicmice.Magn Reson Med.2009Sep;62(3):616-25.Yeh BM, Shepherd JA, Wang ZJ, Teh HS, Hartman RP, PrevrhalS. Dual-energy and low-kVp CT in the abdomen. AJR Am J Roentgenol.2009Jul;193(1):47-54.

MRI/MRs specialized Resource groupDaniel Vigneron, PhD, Director

Research Directions:The MRI/MRS SRG works to advance MR imagingsciencetobenefitthestudyofhumandisease.Studiesinclude developing hardware and techniques toimprove MR anatomic, diffusion, spectroscopic,hyperpolarized, perfusion, and high-field 3T and7Timaging.Welookateverythingfromdevelopingnewtechniquesandtranslatingexisting techniques,toimprovingthequality,speed,informationcontent,applicabilityofadvancedMRmethods.Thisgraphicdepictsourapproach:

Basic development=>Translation=>Optimization=>Validation

Ourkeymissionsareto:

• Beworldleadersincutting-edgeMRtechniquesforstudyinghumandisease

• CollaboratewithRIGStotranslatebasicscienceMRtechniques into application studies for testing andoptimization

• WorkwithclinicalMRItooptimizeandevaluatenewtechniquesandimprovestate-of-the-artmethods

• Train and educate all personnel in advanced MRtechniques

Recent Key References:Berman JI, Glass HC, Miller SP, Mukherjee P, Ferriero DM,Barkovich AJ, Vigneron DB, Henry RG. Quantitative fibertracking analysis of the optic radiation correlated with visualperformance in premature newborns. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol.2009Jan;30(1):120-4.Chen AP, Tropp J, Hurd RE, Van Criekinge M, Carvajal LG, XuD,KurhanewiczJ,VigneronDB.In vivo hyperpolarized13CMRspectroscopic imagingwith1Hdecoupling. J Magn Reson.2009Mar;197(1):100-6.

HopeMD,PurcellDD,HopeTA,vonMorzeC,VigneronDB,AlleyMT,DillonWP.Completeintracranialarterialandvenousbloodflowevaluationwith4DflowMRimaging.AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2009Feb;30(2):362-6.Lupo JM, Banerjee S, Hammond KE, Kelley DA, Xu D, ChangSM, Vigneron DB, Majumdar S, Nelson SJ. GRAPPA-basedsusceptibility-weighted imaging of normal volunteers andpatients with brain tumor at 7 T. Magn Reson Imaging. 2009May;27(4):480-8.Martin AJ, Baek B, Acevedo-Bolton G, Higashida RT, ComstockJ, Saloner DA. MR imaging during endovascular procedures: anevaluationofthepotentialforcatheterheating. Magn Reson Med.2009Jan;61(1):45-53.OsorioJA,XuD,CunninghamCH,ChenA,KerrAB,PaulyJM,VigneronDB,NelsonSJ.Designofcosinemodulatedveryselectivesuppression pulses for MR spectroscopic imaging at 3T. Magn Reson Med. 2009Mar;61(3):533-40.TamEW,FerrieroDM,XuD,BermanJI,VigneronDB,BarkovichAJ,MillerSP.Cerebellardevelopmentinthepretermneonate:effectofsupratentorialbraininjury.Pediatr Res.2009Jul;66(1):102-6.WilsonDM,HurdRE,KeshariK,VanCriekingeM,ChenAP,NelsonSJ, Vigneron DB, Kurhanewicz J. Generation of hyperpolarizedsubstratesbysecondarylabelingwith[1,1-13C]aceticanhydride.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.2009Apr7;106(14):5503-7.

Musculoskeletal and quantitative Imaging Research Interest groupSharmila Majumdar, PhD, Co-Director Thomas M. Link, MD, PhD, Co-Director

Research Directions:• High-fieldandhigh-resolutionMRIforquantitative

characterizationofthemorphologyandfunctionofthemusculoskeletalsystem

• Identificationofbiomarkersfordegenerationinbone,cartilage,andinter-vertebraldisc,anddiseasessuchasosteoporosis,spinaldisorders,andosteoarthritis

• MRspectroscopymethodsforcharacterizingmuscleindiabetes,HIVdisease,andotherdiseases

• Strategies for non-invasive monitoring of cartilageanddiscregeneration

• Microscopic characterization of bone, cartilage,disc, and other tissues, using methodologies suchas computed tomography,FourierTransform Infra-redimaging,high-resolutionNMRspectroscopy,andconfocallasermicroscopy

• Development of high-resolution, and quantitativecomputed tomography for characterizing bonegeometry, micro-architecture, and density aimedat understanding aging, ethnic differences in theskeleton,osteoporosis,metalartifactreduction,andorthopedicimplants

Recent Key References:Carballido-Gamio J, Krug R, Huber MB, Hyun B, Eckstein F,MajumdarS,LinkTM.Geodesictopologicalanalysisoftrabecularbone microarchitecture from high-spatial resolution magnetic

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resonanceimages.Magn Reson Med.2009Feb;61(2):448-56.FolkessonJ,KrugR,GoldensteinJ,IsseverAS,FangC,LinkTM,Majumdar S. Evaluation of correction methods for coil-inducedintensity inhomogeneities and their influence on trabecularbone structure parameters from MR images. Med Phys. 2009Apr;36(4):1267-74.HellioLeGraverandMP,BuckRJ,WymanBT,VignonE,MazzucaSA,BrandtKD,PipernoM,CharlesHC,HudelmaierM,HunterDJ,JacksonC,KrausVB,LinkTM,MajumdarS,PrasadPV,SchnitzerTJ,VazA,WirthW,EcksteinF.Subregionalfemorotibialcartilagemorphology in women--comparison between healthy controlsand participants with different grades of radiographic kneeosteoarthritis.Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2009Sep;17(9):1177-85.IsseverAS,LinkTM,KentenichM,RogallaP,SchwiegerK,HuberMB, Burghardt AJ, Majumdar S, Diederichs G. Trabecular bonestructureanalysisintheosteoporoticspineusingaclinicalinvivosetupfor64-sliceMDCTimaging:comparisontomicroCTimagingandmicroFEmodeling.J Bone Miner Res.2009Sep;24(9):1628-37.Keyak JH,KoyamaAK,LeBlancA, LuY, LangTF.Reduction inproximalfemoralstrengthduetolong-durationspaceflight.Bone.2009Mar;44(3):449-53.LiX,PaiA,BlumenkrantzG,Carballido-GamioJ,LinkT,MaB,RiesM,MajumdarS.SpatialdistributionandrelationshipofT1rhoandT2relaxationtimesinkneecartilagewithosteoarthritis.Magn Reson Med.2009Jun;61(6):1310-8.StahlR,KrugR,KelleyDA,ZuoJ,MaCB,MajumdarS,LinkTM.Assessmentofcartilage-dedicatedsequencesatultra-high-fieldMRI:comparison of imaging performance and diagnostic confidencebetween 3.0 and 7.0 T with respect to osteoarthritis-inducedchangesatthekneejoint.Skeletal Radiol.2009Aug;38(8):771-83.

Musculoskeletal RadiologyThomas M. Link, MD, PhD, Chief

Research Directions:Bone Marrow Imaging• MonitoringtheprogressofthetreatmentofGauchers

diseaseCartilage and Osteoarthritis MR Imaging• Imaging osteoarthritis-related changes in the

OsteoarthritisInitiativeincidencecohort• Osteoarthritisandphysicalactivity• Cartilage imaging of marathoners and physically

activesubjects

• OptimizingMRprotocolsat3Tfortheknee• Assessing menisci with matrix-sensitive MRI

sequencesHigh-field MRI for musculoskeletal applications• In vitroandin vivocomparisonofcartilageimagingat

1.5T,3T,and7T• Comparing1.5Twith3TMRIfortheevaluationof

smallerjointsandthespineImaging of the Knee• ACLgraftsandpopliteomeniscal fascicle tearswith

arthroscopiccorrelationImaging of the Shoulder• Optimizing MRI for visualizing metal-on-metal

surfacereplacementsMR Arthrography• EvaluatingthecomplicationsofMRarthrographyOsteoporosis Imaging• Evaluating insufficiency fractures of the pelvis, CT

vs.MRI• Contrast-enhanced, multi-slice-spiral CT for

assessingbonedensityandstructure• Diabeticbonediseaseandbonestructure• CT-based trabecular bone structure measures in

relationtobiomechanicalstrengthandmicroCT• CTandradiograph-basedtrabecularbonestructure

measures to predict implant failure in patientsundergoing internal fixation of proximal femurfractures

New MRI techniques• UseofCUBEandIDEALsequencesat3Tforimaging

oftheknee

Recent Key References:BauerJS,BarrC,HenningTD,MalfairD,MaCB,SteinbachL,LinkTM.Magneticresonanceimagingoftheankleat3.0Teslaand1.5Teslainhumancadaverspecimenswithartificiallycreatedlesionsofcartilageandligaments.Invest Radiol.2008Sep;43(9):604-11.Chundru U, Riley GM, Steinbach LS. Magnetic resonancearthrography. Radiol Clin North Am. 2009 May;47(3):471-94.Review.Daldrup-LinkHE,SteinbachL.MRimagingofpediatricarthritis.Magn Reson ImagingClinNAm.2009Aug;17(3):451-67,vi.Link TM. MR imaging in osteoarthritis: hardware, coils, andsequences.Radiol Clin North Am. 2009Jul;47(4):617-32.

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RauscherI,StahlR,ChengJ,LiX,HuberMB,LukeA,MajumdarS,LinkTM.MeniscalmeasurementsofT1rhoandT2atMRimagingin healthy subjects and patients with osteoarthritis. Radiology.2008Nov;249(2):591-600.RistowO,SteinbachL,SaboG,KrugR,HuberM,RauscherI,MaB,LinkTM.Isotropic3Dfastspin-echoimagingversusstandard2D imaging at 3.0 T of the knee--image quality and diagnosticperformance.Eur Radiol.2009May;19(5):1263-72.Wong S, Steinbach L, Zhao J, Stehling C, Ma CB, Link TM.Comparativestudyofimagingat3.0Tversus1.5Toftheknee.Skeletal Radiol.2009Aug;38(8):761-9.

neurodegenerative diseases Research Interest groupNorbert Schuff, PhD, Co-Director Michael Weiner, MD, Co-Director

Research Directions:• Studyingthecausesandeffectsofneurodegenerative

andpsychiatricdisorders,usingMRIasasurrogatemarker

• Developingpowerful,newbrainMRtechniquesforearlydetection,improveddiagnosis,andassessmentof therapeutic interventions of neurodegenerativeandpsychiatricdisorders

• Developingmultimodalbrainimageprocessingandimagingstatisticalanalysistechniques

• Highlightsinclude: C Ultra-highresolutionstructuralMRI C Diffusionspectrumimaging C Dynamic,arterial-spin-labelingimaging C Susceptibility-weightedimaging C Spectroscopic imaging and j-modulated

spectroscopy C Bayesianimagereconstruction C Multivariateimageanalysismethods C Standardsforimagingneurodegenerativediseases

thatcanbetransferredintoclinicalpracticeandmulti-centerclinicaltrials

Recent Key References:Durazzo TC, Gazdzinski S, Yeh PH, Meyerhoff DJ. Combinedneuroimaging, neurocognitive and psychiatric factors to predictalcoholconsumptionfollowingtreatmentforalcoholdependence.Alcohol Alcohol.2008Nov-Dec;43(6):683-91.MeyerhoffDJ,DurazzoTC.Protonmagneticresonancespectroscopyinalcoholusedisorders:apotentialnewendophenotype?Alcohol Clin Exp Res.2008Jul;32(7):1146-58.Mueller SG, Laxer KD, Barakos J, Cheong I, Garcia P, WeinerMW. Subfield atrophy pattern in temporal lobe epilepsy withandwithoutmesial sclerosisdetectedbyhigh-resolutionMRI at4Tesla:preliminaryresults.Epilepsia.2009Jun;50(6):1474-83.SchuffN,WoernerN,BoretaL,KornfieldT,ShawLM,TrojanowskiJQ,ThompsonPM,JackCRJr,WeinerMW;Alzheimer’sDiseaseNeuroimagingInitiative.MRIofhippocampalvolumelossinearlyAlzheimer’sdiseaseinrelationtoApoEgenotypeandbiomarkers.Brain.2009Apr;132(Pt4):1067-77.YoungK,DuAT,KramerJ,RosenH,MillerB,WeinerM,SchuffN. Patterns of structural complexity in Alzheimer’s disease and

frontotemporaldementia.Hum Brain Mapp. 2009May;30(5):1667-77.ZhanW,ZhangY,MuellerSG,LorenzenP,HadjidemetriouS,SchuffN, Weiner MW. Characterization of white matter degenerationin elderly subjects by magnetic resonance diffusion and FLAIRimagingcorrelation.Neuroimage.2009Aug;47Suppl2:T58-65.ZhangY,SchuffN,DuAT,RosenHJ,KramerJH,Gorno-TempiniML,MillerBL,WeinerMW.Whitematterdamageinfrontotemporaldementia and Alzheimer’s disease measured by diffusion MRI.Brain.2009Sep;132(Pt9):2579-92.

neuroradiologyWilliam P. Dillon, MD, Chief

Research Directions:Neuropediatrics• Causeofcerebellarhypoplasiainsomeprematurely

bornneonates• Effects of brain cooling on CNS injury in term

neonatessufferinghypoxic-ischemicinjury• Embryogenesis of disorders of the midbrain and

hindbrain• Normal and abnormal development of the cerebral

cortex• Fetal MR Neuroimaging: development and

application of advanced MRI techniques to studynormalandabnormalfetalbraindevelopment

Traumatic brain injury• Diffusiontensorimaging(DTI)andfibertractography,

functionalMRI(fMRI),3DMRspectroscopicimaging(MRSI), anddeformationmorphometryas imagingbiomarkersformildTBItopredictclinicaloutcomesin post-concussive syndrome, with correlation toneurocognitivetestingandgenomicanalysisforTBIsusceptibilitygenessuchasApoE

• DTIandfibertractographyprocessingforamulti-centerconsortiumstudyofmildTBI

Cardiovascular disease and stroke• Useof64-sliceCTinthedetectionofcardiovascular

diseaseandstroke• Functional mapping and scoring system for

predictingtheoutcomeofischemicstroke• UseofperfusionandCTAimagingtodetectongoing

hemorrhagesinthebrainofpatientspresentingwithacuteintracerebralhematoma

• Useofpermeabilityimagemappingtodetectstrokepatientsatriskofsubsequenthemorrhage

• Automatedsoftwarefortheoutcomeclassificationofpatientswithacutesubarachnoidhemorrhage

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Brain tumors• Useofpermeabilityandperfusionimagingtoguide

operativebiopsy• Correlationofgeneticmarkersandimagingmarkers

fromtissueobtainedbyimage-guidedbiopsyHead and neck• TheutilityofPET/CTinfollow-upofpatientswith

headandneckcancer• The use of advanced imaging techniques in the

detectionofrecurrentheadandneckcancerSpine• CT-guidedbackpainmanagement• Theuseofimageguidancetoimprovetheaccuracy

ofinjections• UtilityofgadoliniumMRmyelographytodetectCSF

leaks• MRneurographyforperipheralnervediagnosisNeurodegenerative Diseases• New imaging biomarkers for neurodegenerative

diseasesusing7TMRI• 7Timagingofpatientswithintractableepilepsy• Characterizationofmultimodaldiffusiondatausing

highangular,resolution-diffusionimaging

Recent Key References: GuerriniR,DobynsWB,BarkovichAJ.Abnormaldevelopmentofthehumancerebralcortex:genetics,functionalconsequencesandtreatmentoptions.Trends Neurosci.2008Mar;31(3):154-62.Jissendi-TchofoP,DohertyD,McGillivrayG,HevnerR,ShawD,IshakG,LeventerR,BarkovichAJ.Pontinetegmentalcapdysplasia:MR imaging and diffusion tensor imaging features of impairedaxonalnavigation.AJNR Am J Neuroradiol.2009Jan;30(1):113-9.KimJJ,DillonWP,GlastonburyCM,ProvenzaleJM,WintermarkM. Sixty-Four-Section Multidetector CT Angiography of CarotidArteries: A Systematic Analysis of Image Quality and Artifacts.AJNR Am J Neuroradiol.2009Sep3.[Epub]LeTH,GeanAD.Neuroimagingoftraumaticbraininjury.Mt Sinai J Med.2009Apr;76(2):145-62.Nakata Y, Barkovich AJ, Wahl M, Strominger Z, Jeremy RJ,WakahiroM,MukherjeeP,SherrEH.Diffusionabnormalitiesandreducedvolumeoftheventralcingulumbundleinagenesisofthecorpus callosum: a 3T imaging study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2009Jun;30(6):1142-8.Wahl M, Strominger Z, Jeremy RJ, Barkovich AJ, Wakahiro M,SherrEH,MukherjeeP.Variabilityofhomotopicandheterotopiccallosalconnectivityinpartialagenesisofthecorpuscallosum:a3TdiffusiontensorimagingandQ-balltractographystudy.AJNR Am J Neuroradiol.2009Feb;30(2):282-9.

neurovascular/neurointerventional Research Interest groupDavid Saloner, PhD, Director

Research Directions:The Neurovascular/NIR RIG aims to use state-of-the-art imaging in monitoring the evolution of vasculardisease;inassessingthedeliveryandefficacyofimage-guidedinterventionsandofmedical therapies;andinimproving the selection of stroke patients for acutereperfusiontherapy.

Recent Key References:AroraS,ChienJD,ChengSC,ChunKA,WintermarkM.OptimalcarotidarterycoverageforcarotidplaqueCT-imaginginpredictingischemicstroke.J Neuroradiol. 2009Jun30.

BousselL,AroraS,RappJ,RuttB,HustonJ,ParkerD,YuanC,Bassiouny H, Saloner D; MAPP Investigators. Atheroscleroticplaque progression in carotid arteries: monitoring with high-spatial-resolutionMRimaging–multicentertrial.Radiology.2009Sep;252(3):789-96.Boussel L, Rayz V, Martin A, Acevedo-Bolton G, Lawton MT,Higashida R, Smith WS, Young WL, Saloner D. Phase-contrastmagnetic resonance imaging measurements in intracranialaneurysmsin vivoofflowpatterns,velocityfields,andwallshearstress: comparison with computational fluid dynamics. Magn Reson Med.2009Feb;61(2):409-17.HettsSW,NarvidJ,SanaiN,LawtonMT,GuptaN,FullertonHJ,Dowd CF, Higashida RT, Halbach VV. Intracranial aneurysms inchildhood: 27-year single-institution experience. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol.2009Aug;30(7):1315-24.Soares BP, Dankbaar JW, Bredno J, Cheng S, Bhogal S, DillonWP, Wintermark M. Automated versus manual post-processingof perfusion-CT data in patients with acute cerebral ischemia:influence on interobserver variability. Neuroradiology. 2009Jul;51(7):445-51.

nuclear MedicineRandall A. Hawkins, MD, PhD, Chief

Research Directions:CardiacandvascularapplicationsofclinicalSPECT-CT,

PET,andPET-CT:• ApplicationsofSPECT-CTforcardiacsynchrony• DementiaimagingwithSPECT-CT• Clinical PET and PET-CT studies of cancer,

cardiovascular,andneurologicaldiseases• FeasibilityofPETandMRItocharacterizemyocardial

metabolismandflow• Use of PET in monitoring therapy for breast and

ovariancancers• Conformal radiation treatment planning with

PET-CT• Imaging structure and function in small animals

withCT/SPECT• MolecularprobedevelopmentforSPECTandPET

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Key Recent References:Botvinick EH. Current methods of pharmacologic stress testingandthepotentialadvantagesofnewagents.J Nucl Med Technol.2009Mar;37(1):14-25.Review.

Daldrup-LinkHE,HawkinsRA,MeierR,GoldsbyRE,ArtemovD.Receptor imaging of pediatric tumors: clinical practice and newdevelopments.Pediatr Radiol.2008Nov;38(11):1154-61IagaruA,WangY,MariC,QuonA,GorisML,HorningS,GambhirSS. (18)F-FDG-PET/CT evaluation of response to treatment inlymphoma: when is the optimal time for the first re-evaluationscan?Hell J Nucl Med. 2008Sep-Dec;11(3):153-6.MatthayKK,QuachA,HubertyJ,FrancBL,HawkinsRA,JacksonH,GroshenS,ShustermanS,YanikG,VeatchJ,BrophyP,VillablancaJG, Maris JM. Iodine-131--metaiodobenzylguanidine doubleinfusion with autologous stem-cell rescue for neuroblastoma: anew approaches to neuroblastoma therapy phase I study. J Clin Oncol.2009Mar1;27(7):1020-5.

nuclear-optical specialized Resource groupHenry F. VanBrocklin, PhD, Director

Research Directions:• Developingtargetednanoparticlesforearlypancreatic

cancerdetection• Evaluatingmolecularprobesformesotheliomaimaging• Preparing phosphoramidate imaging agents for

prostatecancer• Identifying breast cancer pre-malignancy with

molecularprobes• Noninvasive detection of heart transplant rejection

withmolecularprobes• Characterizingatheroscleroticplaques• Hypoxiaasabiomarkerfortuberculosisandbreast

cancer• Developinganautomatedsystemforthepreparation

offluorine-18fluorinegasforPETradiochemistry• Developing quantitative, multi-pinhole SPECT/CT

technology for highly sensitive, targeted volumeimaging

• Quantitative SPECT/CT and PET/CT imaging ofprostatecancerusingmolecularprobes

• Developingapatient-specific,pre-therapydosimetrytoolfortargetedradiotherapyofneuroblastoma

• DevelopingquantitativedynamicSPECT/CTandPET/CTtechniquesformyocardialperfusionimaging

• Developingdualisotope,simultaneousacquisitionofmyocardialperfusionimaging

• Developingnovelradionuclidedetectortechnologiesforsmallanimalimaging

• Developingquantitativedynamicimagingtechniquesfor microPET/CT imaging of cardiovascular andcancerresearch

• Molecular imaging of metastatic lymph nodes inbreastcancer

• Preparingtungsten-basednanomaterialsforimagingapplications

• Trackingdistributionof labeledstemcellstargetingthemyocardiumandassessmentoftheirphysiologiceffectsonmyocardialperfusionandfunction

• Evaluating a fluorine-18-labeled probe to imageAlzheimer’splaques

• ImagingNMDAreceptorsrelatedtoMSandLupus

Recent Key References: Bidlingmaier S, He J, Wang Y, An F, Feng J, Barbone D, Gao D,Franc B, Broaddus VC, Liu B. Identification of MCAM/CD146 asthetargetantigenofahumanmonoclonalantibodythatrecognizesboth epithelioid and sarcomatoid types of mesothelioma. Cancer Res. 2009Feb15;69(4):1570-7.HuangQ,Xu J,TsuiBM,GullbergGT.Reconstructinguniformlyattenuatedrotatingslant-holeSPECTprojectiondatausingtheDBHmethod. Phys Med Biol. 2009Jul7;54(13):4325-39.PanMH,GaoDW,Feng J,He J, SeoY,Tedesco J,Wolodzko JG,HasegawaBH,FrancBL.Biodistributionsof177Lu-and111In-labeled7E11antibodiestoprostate-specificmembraneantigeninxenograftmodel of prostate cancer and potential use of 111In-7E11 as apre-therapeutic agent for 177Lu-7E11 radioimmunotherapy. Mol Imaging Biol.2009May-Jun;11(3):159-66.Watkins GA, Jones EF, Scott Shell M, VanBrocklin HF, Pan MH,Hanrahan SM, Feng JJ, He J, Sounni NE, Dill KA, Contag CH,CoussensLM,FrancBL.DevelopmentofanoptimizedactivatableMMP-14targetedSPECTimagingprobe. Bioorg Med Chem.2009Jan15;17(2):653-9.Winant C, Mari Aparici C, Bacharach S, Reutter BW, Sitek A,GullbergGT.AnalysisofdynamicSPECT-CTmeasurementsofthearterialinputfunctioninhumansubjects.In:SellinPed.ConferenceRecordof2008IEEEnuclearsciencesymposiumheldatDresden,Germany,October19–October25,2008.IEEE Nuclear & Plasma Sciences Society.

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pediatric/fetal Research Interest groupA. James Barkovich, MD, Director

Research Directions:• Developing new imaging techniques to assess

normal and abnormal development, includingMRSIandDTI

• Developingnewtechnologyforimagingfetusesandneonatesandadaptingstate-of-the-arttechniquesforapplicationinthedevelopingfetusandinfant

• Using imaging techniques to diagnose and studymalformationsofthebrain

• Using imaging to assess injury in premature andtermneonates

• Using imaging toassessnewtherapies for injuredfetusesandneonates

• Using imaging to assess brain injury in neonatesandinfantswithseverecongenitalheartdisease

Recent Key References:Berman JI, Glass HC, Miller SP, Mukherjee P, Ferriero DM,Barkovich AJ, Vigneron DB, Henry RG. Quantitative fibertracking analysis of the optic radiation correlated with visualperformance in premature newborns. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol.2009Jan;30(1):120-4.Jissendi-Tchofo P, Kara S, Barkovich AJ. Midbrain-hindbraininvolvementinlissencephalies.Neurology.2009Feb3;72(5):410-8.TamEW,FerrieroDM,XuD,BermanJI,VigneronDB,BarkovichAJ,MillerSP.Cerebellardevelopmentinthepretermneonate:effectofsupratentorialbraininjury.Pediatr Res.2009Jul;66(1):102-6.TangPH,BarthaAI,NortonME,BarkovichAJ,SherrEH,GlennOA.Agenesisofthecorpuscallosum:anMRimaginganalysisofassociated abnormalities in the fetus. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol.2009Feb;30(2):257-63.SchneiderMM,BermanJI,BaumerFM,GlassHC,JengS,JeremyRJ,EschM,BiranV,BarkovichAJ,StudholmeC,XuD,GlennOA.NormativeApparentDiffusionCoefficientValuesintheDevelopingFetalBrain.AJNR Am J Neuroradiol.2009Jul23.[Epub]

prostate cancer Research Interest groupJohn Kurhanewicz, PhD, Co-Director Fergus V. Coakley, MD, Co-Director

Research Directions:• Developing an optimized and clinically feasible

multiparametricMRprotocolforprostatecanceranddiseasesoftheliver

• Rigorous histopathological correlative studies forvalidationofMRbiomarkers

• Developingwaystoanalyzemultiparametricimagingdata

• Developing clinical predictive nomograms thatincorporateimagingvariables

• Image-guidedbiopsyandtherapy• Identifying, validating and implementing robust,

quantitative,noninvasivemagnetic-resonance-based

pediatric RadiologyHeike E. Daldrup-Link, MD, PhD, Interim Chief

Research Directions:ThePediatricRadiologysectionisinvolvedinresearchprojects investigating new imaging technologies forpediatric patients, in particular new applications ofmagnetic resonance imaging and PET-CT, as well ascollaborative research projects involving pediatriconcology,gastroenterology,andsurgery.

• EvaluatingwholebodyMRI for stagingof childrenwithsolidtumors

• Assessing criteria for the differentiation of normalthymus and malignant anterior mediastinal massesinpediatricpatientsonPET/CTstudies

• EvaluatingthediagnosticaccuracyofMRenterographyin the detection of inflammatory bowel disease;correlationofimagingfindingswithendoscopy

• ServingasexpertreviewersforCTandMRIstudiesof patients with advanced neuroblastoma for theconsortium New Approaches to NeuroblastomaTherapy

• ServingasreviewersforaprojectofUCSFpediatricsurgeonsonthesafetyandefficacyofaMagneticMini-Moverincorrectingpectusexcavatumdeformitiesinpediatricpatients

Recent Key References:Daldrup-LinkHE,HawkinsRA,MeierR,GoldsbyRE,ArtemovD.Receptor imaging of pediatric tumors: clinical practice and newdevelopments.Pediatr Radiol.2008Nov;38(11):1154-61Daldrup-LinkHE,SteinbachL.MRimagingofpediatricarthritis.Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 2009Aug;17(3):451-67Jha P, Chawla SC, Tavri S, Patel C, Gooding C, Daldrup-LinkH. Pediatric liver tumors--a pictorial review. Eur Radiol. 2009Jan;19(1):209-19KleisM,Daldrup-LinkH,MatthayK,GoldsbyR,LuY,SchusterT,SchreckC,ChuPW,HawkinsRA,FrancBL.DiagnosticvalueofPET/CTforthestagingandrestagingofpediatrictumors.Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging.2009Jan;36(1):23-36Wagner LM, Villablanca JG, Stewart CF, Crews KR, GroshenS, Reynolds CP, Park JR, Maris JM, Hawkins RA, Daldrup-LinkHE,JacksonHA,MatthayKK.PhaseItrialoforalirinotecanandtemozolomideforchildrenwithrelapsedhigh-riskneuroblastoma:a new approach to neuroblastoma therapy consortium study. J Clin Oncol.2009Mar10;27(8):1290-6.

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metabolomic biomarkers of human disease andtherapeuticresponseusingex vivotissues,biofluids,and preclinical cell and murine models of humandisease

• Developing targeted contrast agents for prostatecancerandotherdiseases

• Developing and implementing hyperpolarized13C magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging inprostatecancerpatients

Recent References:Levin YS, Albers MJ, Butler TN, Spielman D, Peehl DM,Kurhanewicz J. Methods for metabolic evaluation of prostatecancer cells using proton and (13)C HR-MAS spectroscopy and[3-(13)C] pyruvate as a metabolic substrate. Magn Reson Med.2009Sep24.[Epub]Lupo JM, Chen AP, Zierhut ML, Bok RA, Cunningham CC,KurhanewiczJ,VigneronDB,NelsonSJ.Analysisofhyperpolarizeddynamic (13)C lactate imaging in a transgenic mouse model ofprostatecancer.Magn Reson Imaging.2009Aug18.[Epub]Weinreb JC, Blume JD, Coakley FV, Wheeler TM, Cormack JB,Sotto CK, Cho H, Kawashima A, Tempany-Afdhal CM, MacuraKJ, Rosen M, Gerst SR, Kurhanewicz J. Prostate cancer: sextantlocalizationatMRimagingandMRspectroscopicimagingbeforeprostatectomy--results of ACRIN prospective multi-institutionalclinicopathologicstudy.Radiology.2009Apr;251(1):122-33.Westphalen AC, Kurhanewicz J, Cunha RM, Hsu IC, Kornak J,ZhaoS,CoakleyFV.T2-Weightedendorectalmagneticresonanceimagingofprostatecancerafterexternalbeamradiationtherapy.Int Braz J Urol.2009Mar-Apr;35(2):171-80;discussion181-2.Westphalen AC, Coakley FV, Kurhanewicz J, Reed G, WangZJ, Simko JP. Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the prostate: MRIand MR spectroscopy features. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2009Sep;193(3):W238-43.

san francisco general HospitalMark W. Wilson, MD, Chief

Research Directions:• Imaging evaluation of pulmonary embolism,

particularlytheabilityofCTpulmonaryangiographyto predict outcomes in patients with pulmonaryembolism

• UtilityofimagingfordiagnosisinAIDSpatients• Functional evaluation of pulmonary nodules in

patientswithsuspectedlungcarcinoma,imagingofmesothelioma

• Imaging recurrent pyogenic cholecystitis andcholangitis

• Imagingtraumatothespineandspinalcord,chest,abdomen,andextremitites

• ExploringMRsequencesbeforeandaftergadoliniumforfocalhepaticlesions

• Neutral versus positive oral contrast in abdominalimaging

• Evaluating and maintaining atypical dialysis accessgraftsandfistulas

• Outcomes of transcatheter embolization fortreatmentofhemorrhagiccomplicationsofpregnancytermination

• Evaluating evolving techniques for transcatheterembolizationforpelvictrauma

• Magnetic catheter manipulation in the MRIenvironment

• Proliferation of ultrasound in underdevelopedcountries

• Globalhealthcareinitiatives• Internetapplicationsinradiology• Evaluating patterns of infection by atypical

mycobacteria• EvaluatingHRCTfeaturesofinterstitiallungdisease

inthesettingofhypersensitivitypneumonitis• Imagingandcomputer-aidedassessmentoftraumatic

braininjury• OptimizinghepaticMRIandCTimagingparameters• Transcathetertreatmentofpelvichemorrhage:post-

traumatic,post-partum,andpost-abortion

Recent Key References:ChangSD,ThoeniRF. EffectofT1shorteningonT2-weightedMRIsequences:comparisonofhepaticmassconspicuityonimagesacquired before and after gadolinium enhancement. AJR Am J Roentgenol.2008May;190(5):1318-23.Le TH, Gean AD. Neuroimaging of traumatic brain injury. Mt Sinai J Med.2009Apr;76(2):145-62.Review.SteinauerJE,DiedrichJT,WilsonMW,DarneyPD,VargasJE,DreyEA.Uterine artery embolization in postabortion hemorrhage. Obstet Gynecol.2008Apr;111(4):881-9.Yuh EL, Gean AD, Manley GT, Callen AL, Wintermark M.Computer-aided assessment of head computed tomography(CT) studies inpatientswith suspected traumaticbrain injury. J Neurotrauma. 2008Oct;25(10):1163-72.

UltrasoundRuth B. Goldstein, MD, Chief

Research Directions:

• PrenataldiagnosisofCNSanomalieswithultrasoundandMRI

• Furtherinvestigationofclinicalmanifestationsandtreatmentoftwintransfusionsyndrome

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• Prospective, randomized trial of repair of fetalmyelomeningocele

• Prospective,randomizedtrial forselectiveablationofconnectingvesselsintwintransfusionsyndrome

Recent Key References:AzizS,ChopraR,AntonT, D’AgostiniD,PretoriusD.“ClinicalApplications of Three-Dimensional Sonography in Obstetrics”.Maternal Fetal Medicine, Sixth Edition, Ed.byCreasyandResnik;SaundersandElsevierInc.CallenPWCallenAL,GlennOA,ToiA.Columnsof the fornix,not to be mistaken for the cavum septi pellucidi on prenatalsonography. J Ultrasound Med.2008Jan;27(1):25-31.Cho RC, Chu P, Smith-Bindman R. Second trimester prenatalultrasound for the detection of pregnancies at increased riskof Trisomy 18 based on serum screening.Prenat Diagn.Feb2009;29(2):129-139.Glass HC, Bonifacio SL, Sullivan J, Rogers E, Ferriero DM,Goldstein R, Barkovich AJ. Magnetic resonance imaging andultrasoundinjuryinpreterminfantswithseizures. J Child Neurol. 2009Sep;24(9):1105-11.KuppermannM,NortonME,GatesE,GregorichSE,LearmanLA,NakagawaS,FeldsteinVA,LewisJ,WashingtonAE,NeaseRFJr.Computerizedprenatalgenetictestingdecision-assistingtool: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol. 2009Jan;113(1):53-63.SippelRS,ElarajDM,PoderL,DuhQY,KebebewE,ClarkOH.Localization of recurrent thyroid cancer using intraoperativeultrasound-guided dye injection. World J Surg. 2009Mar;33(3):434-9.Wong SK, Barkovich AJ, Callen AL, Filly RA. SupratentorialabnormalitiesintheChiariIImalformation:III.Theinterhemisphericcyst.J Ultrasound Med.2009Aug;28(8):999-1006.

veterans affairs Medical centerJudy Yee, MD, Chief

Research Directions:• Reducedcatharticandnon-catharticCTcolonography

• Assessment of Bone Mineral Density on CTcolonography

• DiagnosisofosteoporoticspinefractureswithMulti-detectorCT

• TheNationalCTColonographyTrial:assessmentofaccuracyinparticipantsage65andolder

• Computed tomography evaluation of imagingfeaturesthatpredictvaricealhemorrhage

• Dual-energyandlowkVpCTimaging• Dynamiccontrastenhanced(perfusion)imagingin

theabdomenandpelvis• Novel applications of CT and MR contrast timing

anddeliveryintheabdomenandpelvis

Recent Key References:BaxterS,WangZJ,JoeBN,QayyumA,TaouliB,Yeh BM.Timingbolus dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI assessment ofhepaticperfusion:Initialexperience.J Magn Reson Imaging.2009Jun;29(6):1317-22.ChangTT,SawhneyR,MontoA,DavorenBJ,KirklandJG,StewartL,CorveraCU. Implementationof amultidisciplinary treatmentteamforhepatocellularcancerataVeteransAffairsMedicalCenterimprovessurvival.HPR (Oxford)2008;10:405-411.Johnson CD, Chen MH, Toledano AY, Heiken JP, Limburg PJ,DachmanA,KuoMD,MeniasC,FidlerJL, CheemaJI,CoakleyK, IyerRB,HortonKM,SiewartB,ObregonRG,ZimmermanP,HaraAK,HalvorsenRA,YeeJ,CasolaG,HermanBA,BurgartLJ.The national CT colonography trial: multicenter assessment ofaccuracy for detection of large adenomas and cancers. N Engl J Med.2008Sep18;359(12):1207-17.TaylorSA,CharmanSC,LefereP,McFarlandEG,PaulsonEK,YeeJ,AslamR,BarlowJM,GuptaA,KimDH,MillerCM,HalliganS.CTcolonography: investigation of the optimum reader paradigmbyusingcomputer-aideddetectionsoftware.Radiology.2008Feb;246(2):463-71.YeeJ.CTcolonography:techniquesandapplications.Radiol Clin North Am.2009Jan;47(1):133-45.Yeh BM, Shepherd JA, Wang ZJ, Teh HS, Hartman RP, Prevrhal S.Dual-energyandlow-kVpCTintheabdomen.AJRAm J Roentgenol. 2009Jul;193(1):47-54.Zhang LJ, Zhao YE, Wu SY, Yeh BM, Zhou CS, Hu XB, Hu QJ,Lu GM. Pulmonary embolism detection with dual-energy CT:experimentalstudyofdual-sourceCTinrabbits.Radiology.2009.Jul;252:61-70.

center for Imaging of neurodegenerative diseases Michael W. Weiner, MD, Director

Research Directions:• Studyingthecausesandeffectsofneurodegenerative

andpsychiatricdisorders,usingMRIasasurrogatemarker

• Developingpowerful,newbrainMRtechniquesforearlydetection,improveddiagnosis,andassessmentoftherapeutic interventions of neurodegenerative andpsychiatricdisorders

• Developingmultimodalbrainimageprocessingandimagingstatisticalanalysistechniques

• Highlightsinclude:

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C Ultra-highresolutionstructuralMRI C Diffusionspectrumimaging C Dynamic,arterial-spin-labelingimaging C Susceptibility-weightedimaging C Spectroscopicimagingandj-modulatedspectroscopy C Bayesianimagereconstruction C Multivariateimageanalysismethods C Standardsforimagingneurodegenerativediseases

thatcanbetransferredintoclinicalpracticeandmulti-centerclinicaltrials

Recent Key References:Durazzo TC, Gazdzinski S, Yeh PH, Meyerhoff DJ. Combinedneuroimaging, neurocognitive and psychiatric factors to predictalcoholconsumptionfollowingtreatmentforalcoholdependence.Alcohol Alcohol.2008Nov-Dec;43(6):683-91.MeyerhoffDJ,DurazzoTC.Protonmagneticresonancespectroscopyinalcoholusedisorders:apotentialnewendophenotype?Alcohol Clin Exp Res.2008Jul;32(7):1146-58.Mueller SG, Laxer KD, Barakos J, Cheong I, Garcia P, WeinerMW. Subfield atrophy pattern in temporal lobe epilepsy withandwithoutmesial sclerosisdetectedbyhigh-resolutionMRI at4Tesla:preliminaryresults.Epilepsia.2009Jun;50(6):1474-83.SchuffN,WoernerN,BoretaL,KornfieldT,ShawLM,TrojanowskiJQ,ThompsonPM,JackCRJr,WeinerMW;Alzheimer’sDiseaseNeuroimagingInitiative.MRIofhippocampalvolumelossinearlyAlzheimer’sdiseaseinrelationtoApoEgenotypeandbiomarkers.Brain.2009Apr;132(Pt4):1067-77.Young K, Du AT, Kramer J, Rosen H, Miller B, Weiner M,Schuff N. Patterns of structural complexity in Alzheimer’sdiseaseandfrontotemporaldementia.Hum Brain Mapp. 2009May;30(5):1667-77.ZhanW,ZhangY,MuellerSG,LorenzenP,HadjidemetriouS,SchuffN, Weiner MW. Characterization of white matter degenerationin elderly subjects by magnetic resonance diffusion and FLAIRimagingcorrelation.Neuroimage.2009Aug;47Suppl2:T58-65.ZhangY,SchuffN,DuAT,RosenHJ,KramerJH,Gorno-TempiniML,MillerBL,WeinerMW.Whitematterdamageinfrontotemporaldementia and Alzheimer’s disease measured by diffusion MRI.Brain.2009Sep;132(Pt9):2579-92.

vascular Imaging Research centerDavid Saloner, PhD, Director

Research Directions:• Implementationofadvancedpost-

processingmethodsintheanalysisofatheroscleroticdisease

• Development of methods forvisualizationof complex flow inintracranialaneurysms

• Assessmentofthromboembolisminamurinemodel• Analysis of plaque vulnerability using patient-

specificimage-basedcomputationalmethods• Developmentof4-DMRImethods fordetermina-

tionofvalvularfunction

Recent Key References:CarlssonM,MartinAJ,UrsellPC,SalonerD,SaeedM.Magneticresonance imaging quantification of left ventricular dysfunctionfollowing coronary microembolization. Magn Reson Med. 2009Mar;61(3):595-602.

BousselL,AroraS,RappJ,RuttB,HustonJ,ParkerD,YuanC,Bassiouny H, Saloner D; MAPP Investigators. Atheroscleroticplaque progression in carotid arteries: monitoring with high-spatial-resolutionMRimaging--multicentertrial.Radiology.2009Sep;252(3):789-96.

Boussel L, Rayz V, Martin A, Acevedo-Bolton G, Lawton MT,Higashida R, Smith WS, Young WL, Saloner D. Phase-contrastmagnetic resonance imaging measurements in intracranialaneurysmsinvivoofflowpatterns,velocityfields,andwallshearstress: comparison with computational fluid dynamics. Magn Reson Med.2009Feb;61(2):409-17.

FukayaE,SalonerD,LeonP,WintermarkM,GrossmanRF,NozakiM. Magnetic resonance angiography to evaluate septocutaneousperforators in free fibula flap transfer. J Plast Reconstr AesthetSurg.2009Jul4.[Epub]

Martin AJ, Baek B, Acevedo-Bolton G, Higashida RT, ComstockJ, Saloner DA. MR imaging during endovascular procedures: anevaluationofthepotentialforcatheterheating.Magn Reson Med.2009Jan;61(1):45-53.

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women’s ImagingBonnie N. Joe, MD, PhD, Chief

Research Directions:• MRI,opticalimaging,andX-raymammographyfor

breast cancer screening and surveillance, diagnosisand tissue characterization for risk assessment,cancerstaging,andtreatmentresponseassessment

• NewtechniquesinMRI-guidedbiopsyandimagingprotocols

• Quantitativeassessmentofbreastdensityandbreastcancerriskmodels

• Digitalbreasttomosynthesis• MRI/MRS for assessing tumor response to neo-

adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with locallyadvancedbreastcancer

• MR spectroscopy for biomarker development inbreastcancerandfetalmaturityapplications

Recent Key References:Joe BN, Vahidi K, Zektzer A, Chen MH, Clifton MS, ButlerT, Keshari K, Kurhanewicz J, Coakley F, Swanson MG. (1)HHR-MAS spectroscopy for quantitative measurement of cholineconcentrationinamnioticfluidasamarkeroffetallungmaturity:inter- and intraobserver reproducibility study. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2008Dec;28(6):1540-1545.Kim DH, Vahidi K, Caughey AB, Coakley FV, Vigneron DB,KurhanewiczJ,MowB,JoeBN.Invivo(1)Hmagneticresonancespectroscopyof amnioticfluid and fetal lungat1.5T: technicalchallenges.J Magn Reson Imaging.2008Oct;28(4):1033-1038.LiKL,PartridgeSC,JoeBN,Gibbs,JE,LuY,EssermanLJ,HyltonNM. Invasive breast cancer: predicting disease recurrence byusing high-spatial-resolution signal enhancement ratio imaging.Radiology.2008Jul:28(1):79-87.TaplinS,AbrahmL,BarlowWE,FentonJJ,BernsEA,CarneyPA,CutterGR,SicklesEA,CarlD,ElmoreJG.Mammographyfacilitycharacteristics associatedwith interpretive accuracyof screeningmammography.J Natl Cancer Inst.2008Jun18;100(12):876-887.VenkatesanA,ChuP,KerlikowskeK,SicklesEA,Smith-BindmanR. Positive predictive value of specific mammographic findingsaccording to reader and patient variables. Radiology. 2009Mar;250(3):648-657.

gRants Robert G. Gould, ScD• Novel Parallax Free Sensor for Molecular Imaging. Radiation

MonitoringDevices,Inc.,8/15/08–8/14/09,$45,000Christopher P. Hess, MD, PhD • Clinical-RadiologicCorrelations inPhaceSyndrome:Can Imaging

Predict Neurolgic Outcome? American Society of Neuroradiology,8/1/08–7/31/09,$7,500

Nola M. Hylton, PhD• Real-TimeIn vivoMRIBiomarkersforBreastCancerPre-Operative

TreatmentTrials.NIH/NCI,4/25/08–1/31/13,$2,426,800• UCSF-SentinelleResearchProject.SentinelleMedical,Inc.11/15/08

–11/14/11$185,400Bonnie N. Joe, MD, PhD • Image-directedTissueAnalysisofBreastCancer.UCCancerResearch

CoordinatingCommittee,7/1/09–6/30/10,$45,375Ella F. Jones, PhD• CharacterizingtheEvolutionofPre-malignantTissuesatMalignancy.

NIH/NCI,9/18/08–8/30/11,$1,947,242• In vivo AssessmentsofDePuyCellsinRat-TailDiscs.AdvancedTech

&RegenerativeMedicine,12/1/08–12/31/09,$133,000• Inhibitor-Directed Imaging of Prostate Cancer. Washington State

University5/1/08–7/31/09,$79,530Galateia J. Kazakia, PhD• In vivoImagingofCorticalPorosityinthePeripheralSkeleton.NIH/

NIAMS,2/1/09–11/30/13,$594,000Jeanne M. LaBerge, MD• GOREViabahnEndoprosthesisversusPercutaneousTranslumTrans-

luminal Angioplasty (PTA) to Revise Arteriovenous Grafts at theVenousAnastomosisinHemodialysisPatients(GoreREVISEStudy).W.L.Gore&Associates,Inc.,7/7/09–5/24/11,$48,434

Thomas F. Lang, PhD • AStudyofReducedBoneQualityasaCauseofFracture.Creighton

UniversityCenterofResearchTranslation.4/1/08–3/31/09,$52,411• QuantitativePeriprostheticPET/CT.NIH/NIAMS,9/5/08–8/31/10,

$342,540• Standardization of CT Body Composition, NIH /NIA, 9/1/08 –

8/31/09,$40,000• Monitoring Bone Health by Daily Load Stimulus Measurement.

National Space Biomedical Research Institute, 10/1/08 – 9/30/09,$18,736

Xiaojuan Li, PhD• NMRSpectralMarkersofCartilageDegenerationinOsteoarthritis.

NIH/NIAMS,8/1/09–7/31/11,$382,388Sharmila Majumdar, PhD • ImagingforMK0822Study.MarinEndocrineCare&Research,Inc.,

2/2/09–2/1/11,$179,122• ImagingforMK0822Study.DiabloClinicalResearch,Inc.,10/22/08

–12/31/10,$179,122• Standardization andCrossCalibrationofDistalRadius andDistal

Tibia Bone Quality using High Resolution Peripheral ComputedTomographyScanners.Synarc,Inc.,1/8/09–1/7/10,$84,118

• APhaseIIIRandomized,Placebo-ControlledStudytoEvaluatetheEffectofOdanacatibonBoneMineralDensity andOverallSafety,andtoEstimatetheEffectofOdancatibonBoneMicro-architectureinPostmenopausalWomenTreatedwithVitaminD.Merck&Co.,Inc.,10/15/08–2/15/10,$135,034

Carina Mari Aparici, PhD• O-15waterPETimagingofbrainactivityinpain:Effectsofmulti-

sourcetranscranialmagneticstimulation.NeoStim,Inc.,4/17/09–4/16/10,$149,445

Alastair J. Martin, PhD• MRGuidedDBSImplantationforParkinson’sDisease.NIH/NIBIB,

6/15/09–5/31/11,$424,875Susanne Mueller, PhD• PfizerAlliance.UniversityofPennsylvania,1/1/09–12/31/09,$6,000

Pratik Mukherjee, MD, PhD• Macrostructural and Microstructural Imaging Biomarkers. NIH/

NINDS.7/15/09–6/30/13,$2,002,303• The Attention Dynamics Consortium In Traumatic Brain Injury.

BrainTraumaFoundation,4/1/09–3/31/13,$457,702Sarah J. Nelson, PhD• CompoundingandClinicalTrialServicesAgreement.GEMedical

Systems,3/23/09–3/22/11,$1,650,441.David A. Saloner, PhD• Determinants of Intracranial Aneurysm Growth. NIH/NINDS,

1/1/09–12/31/13,$1,689,845Youngho Seo, PhD• OpticsCharacterizationandImagingStudies.LawrenceLivermore

NationalLaboratory,3/1/09–8/31/09,$30,000• High Resolution Detectors for Single Photon Cardiac Imaging.

RadiationMonitoringDevices,Inc.,9/15/08–6/30/09,$20,000John A. Shepherd, PhD• Standardization of Whole Body DXA Measures. GE Healthcare,

7/24/09–7/23/10,$26,000• BreastDensityinAngeliq.BayerAG,1/9/09–12/31/09,$61,362• PediatricType2DiabetesTherapy:APScans.GeorgeWashington

University,1/1/08–12/31/10,$7,194Akhilesh K. Sista, MD• Evaluating 18F-fluoromisonidazole as an Imaging Biomarkers.

SocietyofNuclearMedicine,7/1/08–6/30/11,$25,000Rebecca Smith-Bindman, MD• Risk of Cancer Associated with Incidental Findings Identified on

UltrasoundImaging.NIH/NCI,4/1/09–3/31/11,$392,910Richard B. Souza, PhD• Effects of Abnormal Loading on Tibiofemoral Articular Cartilage

Composition.NSBRI,11/1/08–10/31/10,$100,000Colin Studholme, PhD• MappingPatternsofBrainTissueGrowth inPrematureNeonates.

NIH/NINDS,8/1/09–7/31/14,$1,684,122Henry F. VanBrocklin, PhD• Preparation of Carbon-11 Labeled Dihydroergotamine. MAP

Pharmaceuticals,7/20/09–7/19/10,$66,083• BayerL19SIPStabilityStudies.BayerScheringPharmaAG,5/29/09

–5/7/10,$90,903Daniel B. Vigneron, PhD• HyperpolarizedC-13MRExploratoryStudiesofLiverCancer.NIH/

NCI,6/1/09–5/31/11,$369,393• TechniqueDevelopmentforHyperpolarizedC-13MRStudies.NIH

/NIBIB,9/1/09–8/31/11,$193,370Michael W. Weiner, MD• AmyloidImaging,VMCI,andAnalysisforADNI,NIH,2009–2011,

$8,824,331• AgingBrain:Vasculature,IschemiaandBehavior,Project2:MRIof

BrainStructureandPerfusion,NIH/NIA,2008–2013,$110,868• Aging Brain: Vasculature, Ischemia and Behavior, Core C:

NeuroimagingCore,NIH/NIA,2008–2013,$147,234• Data Sharing Project, Michael J. Fox Foundation, 2009 – 2010,

$75,000Kelly Westlake, PhD• Functional connectivity in sensory and motor cortices following

stroke:Implicationsforrecoveryandrehabilitation.AmericanHeartAssociation(NationalOffice).1/1/09–12/31/10,$110,000

Judy Yee, MD• EvaluationofaNovelDisplayforCTColonography.INFINITT,

2009–2010,$100,000

fellowsHIps Peder E. Larson, PhD• Dynamic Metabolic Imaging for Prostate Cancer Assessment.

AmericanCancerSociety,Inc.,1/1/09–12/31/11,$138,000

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2009 photo gallery

Images is produced by the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF

Design: Lisa Krieshok Copyediting: Diane Fraser Editorial Coordinator: Katie Murphy Printing: UC Printing Services

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about the Cover:

CT Colonography: Current and Future with Dual Energy CT

Image 1 shows a three dimensional virtual air contrast view of the entire colon at conventional CT colonography. Image 2 is an optical colonoscopic image of a polyp. Image 3 is an endoluminal view of a prototype phantom colorectal sleeve used to test the abilities of dual energy digital subtraction to distinguish stool from polyps. Image 4 demonstrates electronic stool subtraction based on dual energy removal of tagged stool in the phantom model. Image 5 exhibits a color sketch endoluminal view from a conventional CT colonography exam. Image 6 demonstrates dual energy color-coding of tagged-stool as blue and soft tissue as tan/brown in a phantom CT model. The images are provided by Gaurav S. Desai, MBBS, Benjamin M. Yeh, MD and Judy Yee, MD.

department of radiology and Biomedical imaging

University of California San Francisco

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university of california san francisco - ucsf radiology · university of california san francisco...

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