universal design - o'reilly mediaassets.en.oreilly.com/1/event/16/universal design...inclusive...

Universal DesignFor Web Applications

Wendy Chisholm & Matt MayWeb 2.0 Expo

17 September 2008

Universal Design

[T]he design of products and environments to be usable by all people, to the greatest extent possible, without the need for adaptation or specialized design.–Ron Mace

Universal Design for Web Applications. Wendy Chisholm & Matt May

ADAPTS

● Ability● Device● Age● Preference● Task● Situation


Inclusive Universe 1.0

● A cloud of services and applications that ADAPTS to support an inclusive community, to the greatest extent possible, without the need for specialized design.

● “For people to share knowledge, the Web must be a universal space...” “Universality must exist along several dimensions.” TBL, pg 163

● Programmers are cheaper than lawyers; save yourself $6m


Ryan Turner - http://tinyurl.com/67slpq

Mobile and Accessibility

● Technique overlap ● Mobile 2.0 - ½ the world population by 2010?● Content adaptation and user experience

– We're not saying one size fits all– We are saying one source-to-many outputs– We want to maximize every user experience


Situational Disabilities

● Scenario: check email on laptop in kitchen, craft response on mobile on bus, read responses on desktop at work

● Res: 1280px -> 120px -> 1440px● dB: kitchen -> bus -> quiet office● Kinesthetic: stable -> bouncy -> stable● Light: soft -> daylight -> fluorescent● Input: trackpad -> keyboard-only -> mouse●


Cognitive, Reading & Learning

●Dyslexia, ADHD, Low reading level ●ADHD - 4.4% of adults●Search engines - low-level interpretation of meaning●International or young readers


Hearing

● Includes: hard of hearing, Deafness● Deafness – 421,000 in both ears● Hard of hearing – 36.4 million with “hearing

trouble”● Riding a packed train while listening through ill-

fitting earbuds● Watching TV in a pub with the sound off


Movement

●Paralysis, tremor, missing or loss of limb, weakness●2.5 million can't “grasp or handle small objects”●With an iPhone, your 40-80 pixel finger has difficulty accurately selecting 20 pixel links●Texting while walking or bouncing


Vision

●Low vision, blindness, color blindness●14.1 million people with “vision trouble” (includes colorblindness)●1.3 million people are legally blind●Screen magnification on an iPhone/iPod touch●Contrast lost while using LCD outdoors●“Google is a deaf-blind user...with millions of friends and dollars to spend.”


The people who brought you...

●Speech recognition●Speech synthesis●Closed captioning●On-screen keyboards●Alt text and title●Find as you type●Curb cuts


Demos/Examples

●Captioning demo●Mac OS screen magnification●Free screen readers–NVDA (Win XP)–Orca (Linux)–VoiceOver (OS X)●On-screen keyboards - iPhone●Speech recognition


Framework

●Key concepts that increase accessibility, basic mobile access, and some SEO benefits●WCAG 2.0, MWBP 1.0, principles of UD

– W3C Web Content Accessibility Guidelineshttp://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20

– W3C Mobile Web Best Practiceshttp://www.w3.org/TR/MWBP10

– Universal Design http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_design


A well-rounded approach

●Valid, semantic HTML●CSS●Unobtrusive script●Accessibility APIs

● Ajax/ARIA, ● Flash/IAccessible2, ● Silverlight/UIA


Accessibility APIs

● IAccessible2– Linux Foundation project– Extends MSAA on Windows– Support on Linux, Mac OS X– Enables DHTML/Ajax on assistive technology

● MSAA (Microsoft Active Accessibility)– Windows 95==broadly supported– IAccessible (basis for IA2)


APIs, cont.

● UIA (User Interface Automation)– Windows Vista– Windows Presentation Framework/Silverlight


Software accessibility basics

●Keyboard operation – e.g. CSS :hover, :focus, :active– e.g. onmouseover(), onclick()

●Notification of changes ●Role and state of UI components●Names and labels for UI components


Ajax

● Accessibility issues– Assistive technologies not notified of changes – Roles and states of custom components not

identified.● Degrade gracefully

– Allow simple HTTP logins– Allow access to the same content using other

means● Directly accessible Ajax


WAI-ARIA

● Direct accessibility● Live regions, roles, states● Maps IAccessible2 to Ajax● Support being built into Mozilla, Dojo, JAWS

and other products● http://www.w3.org/WAI/intro/aria.php


WAI-ARIA example

● <ul role="menubar"><li role="menuitem”><a href="...">About BCC ></a><li role="menuitem”><a href="...">Classes ></a> <ul role="menu"> <li role="menuitem"><a href="...">Class Schedules</a></li> <li role="menuitem"><a href="...">Course Catalog</a></li>

● ... </ul>● All links are “real”


Flash/Flex

●Most accessibility exposed via ActionScript●Flash Player supports MSAA●Flash 9 components support accessibility●Flex

– 26 Flex components support accessibility– Components can implement MSAA themselves via

ActionScript


Misc Other Things

● CMS Templates (e.g. WordPress)● User-generated Content/Metadata (e.g. Flickr)● APIs (e.g. Digg)


No silver bullets

●Automated tools are only as good as their users●Policy puts the focus in the wrong place●CMSs and app frameworks may introduce their own problems●Make it easy for your people to do the right thing


Tool highlights

● Web Accessibility Toolbar● Firebug● W3C Validation Tools (HTML, CSS, MobileOK)● Browsers (Opera “small screen” view)

– Know the accessibility features in each, e.g. know how to navigate via keyboard

● System accessibility (mag, high contrast)


For more info


Thank you!


Questions?

Wendy Chisholm● [email protected]● friendfeed.com/wendycMatt May● [email protected]● twitter.com/mattmay● bestkungfu.com


mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

universal design - o'reilly mediaassets.en.oreilly.com/1/event/16/universal design...inclusive...

Documents