united nations environment programme · environment programme distr.: general 19 october 2018...

UNITED NATIONS

EP UNEP/GPA/IGR.4/INF/8

United Nations Environment Programme

Distr.: General

19 October 2018

Original: English

Intergovernmental Review Meeting on the

Implementation of the Global Programme of Action

for the Protection of the Marine Environment

from Land-based Activities

Fourth session

Bali, Indonesia, 31 October and 1 November 2018

Implementation of the Global Programme of Action by

the Regional Seas Programmes and Action Plans

between 2012 and 2018

Note by the Secretariat

The present document has been issued without formal editing.

1

Background

The Regional Seas Programme, launched in 1974, is one of UN Environment’s most significant

achievements in the past four decades. Since its inception, the Regional Seas Progamme has constituted

a unique approach to the protection of the coastal and marine environment. The Regional Seas

Conventions and Action Plans have emerged over the last 40 years as the world's only legal framework

for protecting the oceans and seas at the regional level. It serves as a platform on which to construct

regional sustainable development, as called for at the Rio+20 Summit, including the regional

implementation of programmes and activities related to global conventions and Multilateral

Environmental Agreements (MEAs).

The Programme aims to address the accelerating degradation of the world’s oceans and coastal areas

through a “shared seas” approach; namely, by engaging neighbouring countries in comprehensive and

specific actions to protect their common marine environment. Today, more than 143 countries have

joined 18 Regional Seas Conventions and Action Plans for the sustainable management and use of the

marine and coastal environment. In most cases, the Action Plans are underpinned by strong legal

frameworks in the form of regional conventions and associated protocols to address specific problems.

All individual Conventions and Action Plans reflect a similar approach, yet each has been tailored by its

own contracting party governments and institutions to suit their particular environmental challenges. UN

Environment coordinates the Regional Seas Programme, based at its headquarters in Nairobi, Kenya.

The following are the 18 Regional Seas Programmes in the following regions:

UN Environment-administered Regional Seas Programmes

1. Caribbean Region

2. East Asian Seas

3. Eastern Africa Region

4. Mediterranean Region

5. North-West Pacific Region

6. Western Africa Region

7. Caspian Sea

Non-UN Environment-administered Regional Seas Programmes

1. Black Sea Region

2. North-East Pacific Region

3. Red Sea and Gulf of Aden

4. ROPME Sea Area

5. South Asian Seas

6. South-East Pacific Region

7. Pacific Region

Independent Regional Seas Programmes

1. Arctic Region

2. Antarctic Region

2

3. Baltic Sea

4. North-East Atlantic Region

The Regional Seas Programmes work through Secretariats or Regional Coordinating Units (RCUs) and

Regional Activity Centers (RACs). The RCU has responsibility for execution of activities associated with

adopted action plans based on the decisions of member countries (or contracting parties).

The map below illustrates the relative geographic coverage of the various Regional Seas Programmes.

Implementation of the Global Programme of Action by Regional Seas

Programmes and Action Plans

In advance of the fourth Intergovernmental Review of the Global Programme of Action, the secretariats of

the Regional Seas Programmes and Action Plans were invited to submit information on the status of

implementation of actions to address land-based sources of marine pollution in the context of policy

steps, with focus on new developments over the period 2012 to 2017; but also capturing relevant data

within the period prior. A total of 10 Regional Seas Programmes and Action Plans made submissions in

this reporting exercise to October 2018.

This reporting is presented in two parts; Parts A and B. Part A is a summary overview of implementation

status on the regional and national-level approaches in addressing land-based pollution. Part B provides

substantive information on the respective policy instruments, activities, actions and support needed by

each Regional Seas Programme in implementing their mandates under their policy instruments.

Part A captures information on contributions to the policy development cycle that supports action in

addressing land-based pollution, specifically problem identification and planning, along with information

relating to the legal status of regional seas agreements. Part A also captures information on national

implementation and evaluation of programmes on land-based activities with the identification of

opportunities to support the implementation of the Global Programme of Action.

3

The following are the considerations taken into account in reporting on: (1) Progress in addressing land-

based activities by Regional Seas Programmes and (2) Status of regional and national programmes on

land-based activities and identification of needs and opportunities.

(1) Progress in addressing land-based activities by Regional Seas Programmes

1. Problem Identification

Monitoring: collection of data and information on land-based activities and their impact on

the coastal and marine environment.

Assessment: the process of compiling, integrating and analyzing information including

economic, social and institutional information, emanating from monitoring and inventory

activities.

2. Planning

Regional programmes of action on LBSA: regional accepted strategies, by Governments,

which define regional priorities and action related to land-based activities.

National Programme of Action on LBSA: translation of the regional Programmes on LBSA

into a national strategy, action plan or programme.

3. Regulatory Framework

Voluntary Codes: codes of conduct, guidelines, incentives

Regional Conventions: legally binding regional agreements

Protocol on LBSA: Legally binding agreement or annex to the regional convention specifically

addressing land-based activities.

(2) Status of regional and national programmes on land-based activities and identification of needs and

opportunities

1. Identification of needs: needs for support to the programme implementation, both within and

outside the region.

4. Identification of opportunities: new and existing socio-economic developments that offer

opportunities to forward the implementation of the GPA (such as tourism, mariculture, harbours,

integrated coastal/freshwater management approaches, public/private partnerships, etc.)

5. Implementation, including operation and maintenance (mainly at the national level)

Management instruments:

o Regulation/legislation: national and local laws, standards, permits

o Economic/financial instruments: taxes, subsidies, domestic funding, public/private

partnerships

Structural/operational measures:

o Infrastructural projects: sewage treatment plants, land-use plans, upgrading of industrial

machinery

o Cleaner production/best practices: best available technology, best management practices

for environmental enhancement of industries (waste reduction, energy efficiency)

Institutional arrangements:

4

o Institutions: the structure of governmental and non-governmental organizations, which

provide the institutional mechanisms responsible for and are capable of developing and

implementing programmes and plans.

o Capacity building: including training workshops, environmental education, conferences

o Awareness/ public participation: information dissemination, consultation with the public,

involvement of NGOs.

6. Evaluation: the extent to which programme implementation has accomplished its aims and

objectives, the lessons learned and the identification of changes required to initiate a new

programme. Evaluating accomplishments and shortcomings should be seen as vital feedback

for any new monitoring and assessment.

Part B are Regional Seas Fact Sheets that convey further detail on each programme, their associated

legal instruments, contracting parties, adopted protocols and relevant action plans and activities being

undertaken with respect to the GPA pollution source categories, including actions needed and limitations

where support is required to address specific pollution source categories.

5

Part A: Progress in addressing land-based activities by Regional

Seas Programmes and status of regional and national

programmes on land-based activities

6

(1) Progress in addressing land-based sources and activities by Regional Seas Programmes

REGIONAL SEA

Problem Identification Planning Regional regulatory framework

Monitoring LBSA

Assessment

Regional programmes

of LBSA

National Programme

of LBSA

Voluntary codes

Regional convention

Protocol on LBSA

UNEP administered Regional Seas programmes

1. Wider Caribbean AD AD AD AD AD AD AD 2. Mediterranean AD AD AD AD OG AD AD 3. East Asian Seas AD AD AD AD AD NN NN 4. East Africa Region 5. Northwest Pacific AD AD AD AD AD NN NN 6. West and Central Africa Region AD AD IP IP NN NN AD 7. Caspian Sea

Non-UNEP administered Regional Seas programmes

8. Black Sea Region AD AD AD AD PP AD AD 9. North East Pacific Region 10. Red Sea & Gulf of Aden 11. ROPME Sea Area 12. South Asian Seas PP PP OG OG OG OG OG 13. South-East Pacific Region AD AD 14. Pacific Region AD AD AD AD IP AD NN

Independent Regional Seas programmes

15. Arctic 16. Antarctic Region 17. Baltic Sea AD AD AD AD AD AD AD 18. North-East Atlantic Region

NONE/NOT KNOWN: NN IN PREPARATION: IP ON GOING: OG PREPARED: PP ADOPTED: AD

7

Status of regional/national programmes on Land based Activities, identification of needs and opportunities

REGIONAL SEA

Ide

nti

fic

ati

on

of

ne

ed

s

Ide

nti

fic

ati

on

of

op

po

rtu

nit

ies

National Implementation

Ev

alu

ati

on

Management instruments

Structural/operational measures

Institutional arrangements

Re

gu

lati

on

s/

Le

gis

lati

on

Ec

on

om

ic/

Fin

an

cia

l In

str

um

en

ts

Infr

as

tru

ctu

ra

l pro

jec

ts

Cle

an

er

pro

du

cti

on

/ B

es

t p

rac

tic

es

Ins

titu

tio

ns

Ca

pa

cit

y b

uild

ing

Aw

are

ne

ss

/

pu

blic

p

art

icip

ati

on

UNEP administered Regional Seas programmes

1. Wider Caribbean OG OG IP/PP IP/PP OG OG/IP OG OG OG OG

2. Mediterranean AD OG AD OG OG OG AD OG OG IP

3. East Asian Seas AD OG IP IP IP IP IP IP IP IP

4. East Africa Region

5. Northwest Pacific AD OG OG OG OG OG OG OG OG OG

6. West and Central Africa Region IP IP NN NN IP OG IP OG OG OG

7. Caspian Sea

Non-UNEP administered Regional Seas programmes

8. Black Sea Region AD NN AD NN OG OG OG OG OG IP

9. North East Pacific Region

10. Red Sea & Gulf of Aden

11. ROPME Sea Area

12. South Asian Seas AD AD OG OG OG OG OG OG OG OG

13. South-East Pacific Region OG NN AD OG NN OG OG OG PP

14. Pacific Region AD AD OG OG OG OG OG OG OG OG

Independent Regional Seas programmes

15. Arctic

16. Antarctic Region

17. Baltic Sea OG OG OG OG OG OG OG OG OG OG

18. North-East Atlantic Region

NONE/NOT KNOWN: NN IN PREPARATION: IP ON GOING: OG PREPARED: PP ADOPTED: AD

8

Part B: Regional Seas Fact Sheets

9

Wider Caribbean

Convention/ Action Plan: The Convention for the Protection and Development of the Marine Environment in the Wider Caribbean Region (WCR) or Cartagena Convention is a regional legal agreement for the protection of the Caribbean Sea adopted on 24 March 1983 and entered into force on 11 October 1986. The Convention is supported by three technical agreements or Protocols on Oil Spills, Specially Protected Areas and Wildlife (SPAW) and Land Based Sources of Marine Pollution (LBS).

1. The Protocol Concerning Co-operation in Combating Oil Spills in the Wider Caribbean Region was adopted in 1983 and entered into force on 11 October 1986.

2. The Protocol Concerning Specially Protected Areas and Wildlife (SPAW) in the Wider Caribbean Region was adopted on 18 January 1990 and entered into force on 18 June 2000.

3. The Protocol Concerning Pollution from Land-Based Sources and Activities was adopted on 6 October 1999 and entered into force on 13 August 2010.

The status of ratification of the Convention and its Protocols can be found here: http://www.cep.unep.org/cartagena-convention

Contracting Parties/ Member States: Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, France, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Panama, St. Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, United Kingdom, United States of America and Venezuela

Secretariat: The Cartagena Convention Secretariat Caribbean Environment Programme 14-20 Port Royal Street Kingston, Jamaica Tel. 876 922-9267 E-mail: [email protected] URL: www.cep.unep.org Twitter: @UNEnvironm_CEP Facebook: @UNEnvironmentCEP Instagram: UN Environment: CEP

Status in addressing Land based Activities at the regional level

Regional Programme of Action (as planning tool):

Sustainable Development and Resource Mobilization Strategy for the Cartagena Convention Secretariat (being updated)

Regional Action Plan for the Sustainable Management of Marine Litter (RAPMaLi)

Regional Strategy for Caribbean Marine Litter Node (under development)

http://cep.unep.org/cartagena-convention/oil-spills-protocol

http://cep.unep.org/cartagena-convention/oil-spills-protocol

http://cep.unep.org/cartagena-convention/spaw-protocol

http://cep.unep.org/cartagena-convention/spaw-protocol

http://cep.unep.org/cartagena-convention/lbs-protocol/protocol-concerning-pollution-from-land-based-sources-and-activities

http://www.cep.unep.org/cartagena-convention

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.cep.unep.org/

10

Regional Nutrients Reduction Strategy and Action Plan (under development)

Regional Habitat Restoration Strategy and Action Plan (under development)

State of Convention Area Report - Marine Pollution (under development)

State of Convention Area Report – Marine Biodiversity (under development)

Road Map for the Integration of the Marine Biodiversity (SPAW) and Pollution (AMEP) sub-programmes

Adoption/ Timeframe: Sustainable Development and Resource Mobilization Strategy for the Cartagena Convention Secretariat expected to be adopted in 2019

Regional Action Plan for the Sustainable Management of Marine Litter developed and adopted in 2008, updated plan adopted in 2014.

Regional Strategy for Caribbean Node for Marine Litter Management expected to be adopted in 2019

Regional Nutrients Reduction Strategy and Action Plan expected to be adopted in 2019.

State of Convention Area Reports on Marine Pollution and Marine Biodiversity to be adopted in 2019.

Pollution/Marine Biodiversity Road Map adopted in 2017 and under implementation

Legal Framework for Land Based Activities: Cartagena Convention, Oil Spills and LBS Protocols

Adoption/Timeframe Cartagena Convention and Oil Spills Protocol adopted in 1983 and entered into Force in 1986. Land Based Sources of Marine Pollution Protocol adopted in 1999 and entered into force in 2010.

Regional Programme of Action (as implementation tool):

Regional Action Plan for the Sustainable Management of Marine Litter (RAPMaLi)

Regional Strategy for Marine Litter Node (under development)

Regional Nutrients Reduction Strategy and Action Plan (under development)

Adoption/ Timeframe: Regional Action Plan for the Sustainable Management of Marine Litter developed and adopted in 2008, updated plan adopted in 2014.

Regional Strategy for Caribbean Node for Marine Litter Management expected to be adopted in 2019

Regional Nutrients Reduction Strategy and Action Plan expected to be adopted in 2019.

Principal Activities: The Cartagena Convention is the only regionally binding legal instrument for managing the use of the coastal and marine resources of the Caribbean Sea. The Cartagena Convention also provides a mechanism for the implementation of several Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs) and other Global and Regional commitments such as the Sustainable Development Goals, and in particular Goals 6 and 15 on Water and Sanitation and Oceans respectively. The Secretariat supports its Contracting Parties through various projects and activities to:

Assess and monitor sources and impacts of marine pollution;

Develop and Strengthen national policies, laws and regulations on pollution and marine biodiversity;

11

Enable collaboration on transboundary issues including through regional and subregional programmes, projects and action plans;

Mobilize financial and technical support from donors to assist in SDG implementation in particular SDGs 6 and 14. Three Regional platforms have been established to support improved management of priority pollutants: (i) Nutrients, (ii) Wastewater and (iii) Marine Litter. Some of the main activities include:

Trash Free Waters International Initiative: to control, reduce and prevent land-based sources of trash/solid waste from entering waterways and polluting their coastal and marine environment. Initial pilot focusing on 2 countries (Panama and Jamaica) at a local community level.

GEF IWEco Project (Integrating Water, Land and Ecosystem Management in Caribbean Small Island Developing States) – working with countries to contribute to the preservation of Caribbean ecosystems that are of global significance and the sustainability of livelihoods through the application of existing proven technologies and approaches that are appropriate for small island developing states. This is being done through improved fresh and coastal water resources management, sustainable land management and sustainable forest management that also seeks to enhance resilience of socio-ecological systems to the impacts of climate change.

GEF CReW+ (An Integrated Approach to Water and Wastewater Management Using Innovative Solutions and Promoting Financing Mechanisms in the Wider Caribbean Region) – will be implementing innovative technical small-scale solutions for Wastewater Management in the Wider Caribbean. This full-sized project is under development and will be submitted to the GEF by April 2019.

Caribbean Platform for Nutrient Management (CPNM) – working to build capacity in countries of the WCR for the development and implementation of National Programmes of Action to reduce nutrients from untreated wastewater and poor agricultural practices from entering the Caribbean Sea.

State of the Convention Area Report (SOCAR) – Ongoing development of the region’s first State of Marine Habitat and Pollution Reports. This activity will result in the development of the first State of the Convention Area Report for the Wider Caribbean Region with a focus on land-based sources of marine pollution and state of marine habitats. This is to be completed and presented at the next IGM in first quarter 2019.

Caribbean Node for Marine Litter – supports the implementation of the Honolulu Strategy and the UN Environment Global Partnerships on Waste and Marine Litter; through the continued implementation of the “Regional Action Plan on Marine Litter Management” (RAPMaLi) and facilitate collaboration with other Regional Seas as through the ongoing cooperation with the OSPAR Commission.

Priority Pollutant Source Category Actions Needed Generic Support Needed

Sewage Implementation of appropriate wastewater management technologies;

Development/Update of Sewage Effluent Standards and Permitting Systems by Contracting Parties;

Sustainable financing for wastewater investments;

Promotion of the use of wastewater as a resource using a circular economy approach;

Establish targeted and cost-effective monitoring and research programs to track pollution control, evaluate effectiveness and guide enforcement; Sharing of best practices for wastewater management including use of wastewater as a resource; Standards or criteria for wastewater

12

Strengthen lab capacity for monitoring of wastewater including testing for emerging contaminants of concern and microplastics;

Enhanced institutional capacity through training and the provision of technical and other assistance;

Establish data management systems for national analytical purposes and for facilitating the exchange of information;

Facilitate knowledge exchange through the Caribbean Platform for Wastewater iwith the CWWA and Global Wastewater Initiative.

discharges to inland water bodies and discharges into coastal areas; Support national and regional institutional, policy and legal reforms relating to wastewater management; Support assessment of the economic impacts of sewage pollution that quantifies the costs and benefits associated with prevention of pollution from sewage;

Nutrients Implement best nutrient management practices in agriculture in the areas of nutrient conservation, recycling and use efficiency, with added benefit of integrating climate-smart approaches

Institutional, policy and legal reforms relating to nutrients and sediments management including supporting integrated, high-priority interventions to reduce discharge of nutrients and sediments, and promote nutrient recovery from wastewater;

Knowledge exchange and transfer of best practices and case studies relating to nutrients and sediments management including through South-South cooperation;

Valuation of the economic impacts of pollution resulting from nutrients and wastewater;

Facilitate knowledge exchange through the Caribbean Platform for Nutrients in in collaboration with the GPNM.

Leveraging of additional financing for on-ground investments in best practices to reduce the influx of land-based nutrient pollution to the Caribbean Large Marine and North Brazil Shelf Ecosystems Building in-country capacity to access funding to implement best practices/ interventions for nutrients reduction; Support assessment of the economic impacts of marine pollution that quantifies the costs and benefits associated with prevention of pollution from nutrients.

Marine Litter Assessment (including audit) of Develop and implement appropriate waste to

13

national management infrastructures for marine litter (institutional and facilities for handling, elimination, recycling, reuse and disposal);

Policy assessment /recommendations on national and regional incentives for substitution and recycling of plastics;

Report on the economic aspects (barriers, opportunities etc.) to better management of plastics;

Assessment of plastic use/waste (to identify opportunities: to Avoid plastic use especially of single-use plastics; to Shift disposal to reuse/recycle; and, Improve final disposal;

Review of chemicals and pollution-related policies /legislation relevant to plastic components and breakdown products;

Identify potential use/reuse/recycling opportunities for plastics;

Understand stakeholders’ behaviours associated with plastic use and generation of plastic and other solid wastes;

Catalogue of approaches to reform policies, practices etc;

Draft plan for Regional Reception Facilities for marine sourced waste;

Facilitate knowledge exchange through the Caribbean Node on Marine Litter in collaboration with GCFI and GPML.

Develop Marine litter database and information platform;

Develop and use National Waste Management plans and ensure the management of ship-generated waste

energy investments; Enhance, replicate and/or upscale community/local marine litter projects; Improve engagement of plastic industry as well as major users of plastic to identify and implement appropriate alternatives to single-use plastic and other packaging material like Styrofoam; Conduct national cost-benefit analyses to estimate the costs associated with marine litter and the benefits of taking action against marine litter to identify the most cost-effective approaches for addressing marine litter in coastal environments. The analysis should include the cost of inaction; Policy, legislation and practices review and recommendations to establish enabling conditions for addressing plastics in the waste stream; Strengthen Regional Seas Cooperation building on the experience of the OSPAR/Cartagena Convention Cooperation. Capacity development on: (1) Policy and legal frameworks; (2) Public awareness and participation; (3) ‘Life cycle’ assessment techniques; (4) Alternatives to plastics for packaging etc. targeted at private sector organisations; (5) Hazardous chemicals in plastics and breakdown products; (6) Presence and use of Micro plastics use, alternatives and avoidance in the environment; (7) Technical solutions to Avoiding, Shifting

14

is fully integrated into the plans and policies for land-generated wastes.

and improving plastics and protection of environment; (8) Identification of types of plastics in use.

Persistent Organic Pollutants Support Contracting Parties in meeting their obligations under the Stockholm, Rotterdam, BASEL and Minamata Conventions

Deliver a targeted and dedicated education and awareness raising program on pollution and water quality monitoring at the regional level.

Radioactive substances Facilitate cooperation with the IAEA for the use of radioactive methods in monitoring and assessment programmes and tracking pollution especially for emerging contaminants;

Heavy metals Supporting Contracting Parties to assess and monitor for heavy metals in the coastal and marine environment;

Promote education and awareness for heavy metal pollution prevention, reduction and control;

Deliver a targeted and dedicated education and awareness raising program on pollution and water quality monitoring at the regional level.

Oils Strengthen national and regional

preparedness and response capacity

through Regional Activity Centres;

Foster co-operation and mutual assistance

in cases of oil spill emergencies.

Facilitate stakeholder engagements to develop and implement guidelines for the receipt, disposal, handling, tracking, enforcement, and funding for port reception facilities for oily and other wastes.

Enhance Partnerships with the shipping sector and the International Maritime Organization; Support States to implement the necessary measures to comply with relevant regional and international Conventions including MARPOL Convention;

Sediment mobilization

Physical alteration and destruction of habitats Evaluate the impacts of Sargassum and linkages with nutrient pollution

Assess impacts of ocean acidification on priority marine habitats

Strengthen regional cooperation to reduce the release of untreated sewage, sediments nutrients and other types of waste water in the WCR leading to habitat degradation

15

Mediterranean

Convention/ Action Plan: The Barcelona Convention as well as each of its Protocols (LBS, Hazardous Waste, Dumping and Offshore)

Contracting Parties/ Member States: Albania, Algeria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Cyprus, Egypt, France, Greece, Israel, Italy, Lebanon, Libya, Malta, Monaco, Montenegro, Morocco, Slovenia, Spain, Syrian Arab Republic, Tunisia, Turkey, and the European Union.

Secretariat: UN Environment/ MAP, Secretariat of the Barcelona Convention, Athens, Greece

Status in addressing Land based Activities at the regional level Regional Programme of Action (as planning tool):

MED POL - Programme for the Assessment and Control of Marine Pollution in the Mediterranean

Adoption/ Timeframe: 1975 to present

Legal Framework for Land Based Activities:

Protocol for the Protection of the Mediterranean Sea against Pollution from Land-Based Sources and Activities (LBS Protocol)

Adoption/Timeframe Adopted March 1996; Entered into force May 2006. Regional Programme of Action (as implementation tool):

Decision IG.19/7 (2009): Regional Plan on the reduction of BOD5 from urban waste water

Decision IG.19/8 (2009): Regional Plan on the elimination of Aldrin, Chlordane, Dieldrin, Endrin, Heptachlor, Mirex and Toxaphene

Decision IG.19/9 (2009): Regional Plan on the phasing out of DDT

Decision IG.20/8.1 (2011): Regional Plan on the reduction of inputs of Mercury

Decision IG.20/8.2 (2011): Regional Plan on the reduction of BOD5 in the food sector

Decision IG.20/8.3 (2011): Regional Plan on the phasing out of Hexabromodiphenyl ether, Heptabromodiphenyl ether, Tetrabromodiphenyl ether and Pentabromodiphenyl ether

Regional Plan on the phasing out of Lindane and Endosulfan Regional Plan on the phasing out of Perfluorooctane sulfonyl acid, its salts and

Perfluorooctane sulfonyl fluoride

Regional Plan on the elimination of Alpha hexachlorocyclohexane, Beta hexachlorocyclohexane, Chlordecone, Hexabromobiphenyl, Pentachlorobenzene

Decision IG.21/7 (2013): Regional Plan on Marine Litter Management in the Mediterranean

https://wedocs.unep.org/rest/bitstreams/10450/retrieve








16

1 Guidelines for “Good Agricultural Practices for Family Agriculture”, http://www.fao.org/3/a-a1193e.pdf

Adoption/ Timeframe: 2009 to 2013

Principal Activities: Priority Pollutant Source Category Actions Needed Generic Support Needed

Sewage Actions needed are stipulated in the adopted Regional Plan for Reduction of BOD5 from Urban Wastewater. These include:

Collection and treatment of urban wastewater before discharging to the environment.

Adopted national BOD5 ELVs and ensuring that characteristics of wastewater is in accordance to provisions on ELVs

Competent authorities monitor discharges from MWWTP to verify compliance and enforce these measures with their national regulations.

Support for transfer of knowhow and new wastewater treatment technologies and alternatives for WWTP based on regional and national requirements (cost efficiency, requirement for stringent or lesser effluent standards etc.)

Capacity building for the upgrading of WWTPs and for application of BAT and BEP that support reduced cost of energy and water saving for WWTP.

Nutrients Actions needed are stipulated in the adopted Regional Plan for Reduction of BOD5 from Urban Wastewater and also in the Regional Plan for Reduction of BOD5 from food sector. These include:

Collection and treatment of urban wastewater before discharging to the environment.

Adopted national BOD5 ELVs and ensuring that characteristics of wastewater is in accordance to provisions on ELVs

Competent authorities monitor discharges from MWWTP to verify compliance and enforce these measures with their national regulations.

Reduction of pollution load by application

Support in promoting basic concepts of Good Agricultural Practices (GAP)

1 in order

to: guide the production systems towards sustainable agriculture and ecologically safe, harmless products.

Guidance on developing GAP for fertilizers. Good agricultural practices from FAO, HELCOM and OSPAR should be considered to develop best practices for the region as well as EU Nitrate Directive and WFD Directive for monitoring.

Support for transfer of knowhow and new wastewater treatment technologies for reduction of discharge of nutrients in the industrial sector (principally food sector)

Capacity building for the upgrading of industrial WWTPs particularly in the food

http://www.fao.org/3/a-a1193e.pdf

17

of BAT and BEP sector and for application of BAT and BEP in the food sector.

Marine Litter Actions needed are stipulated in the adopted Regional Plan for Marine Litter Management. These include:

Integration of marine litter measures into the LBS National Action Plans (LBS NAPs).

Adoption as appropriate of the necessary legislation and/or establish adequate institutional arrangements to ensure efficient marine litter reduction and the prevention of its generation.

By the year 2025 at latest, to base urban solid waste management on reduction at source, applying the following waste hierarchy as a priority order in waste prevention and management legislation and policy: prevention, preparing for re-use, recycling, other recovery, e.g. energy recovery and environmentally sound disposal.

Exploring and implementing to the extent possible by 2017, ways and means to charge reasonable cost for the use of port reception facilities or when applicable, apply No-Special-Fee system.

Removing existing marine litter and its environmentally sound disposal.

Assessment of marine litter in the Mediterranean using results of the national monitoring programmes and applied measures.

Preparation of the Regional Marine Litter Monitoring Programme, as part of the integrated regional monitoring programme.

Support with competent international and regional organizations and relevant scientific institutions, on marine litter issues that due to their complexity require further research.

Support to prepare specific guidelines to facilitate the implementation of measures provided for in articles 9 and 10 of the Regional Plan.

Technical assistance, transfer of knowhow and technology, including capacity building for introducing regulations for banning single use of plastic items; promoting higher rates of plastic recycling and other waste items; introducing environmental taxes on single-use plastic items; and promoting new technologies for the removal of marine litter from the marine and coastal environment in an environmentally sound way.

Support for promoting voluntary agreements with industry at national and regional levels;

Support to strengthen measures related to SCP programmes to raise awareness and enhance education.

18

Establishment of the Regional Data Bank on Marine Litter.

Persistent Organic Pollutants Actions needed are stipulated in the adopted Regional Plans for POPs addressed by the Stockholm Convention. These include:

Prohibiting and/or take legal and administrative measures necessary to eliminate production and use of POPs and the import and export of POPs.

Ensuring that any export or import of POPs for the purpose of their environmentally sound disposal, and for the use is done in accordance with the relevant international rules, standards and regulations.

Taking appropriate measures for handling, collection, transport and storage of POPs including products and articles becoming wastes.

Applying BEPs for environmentally sound management of POPs.

Upgrading present marine environment monitoring programme in line with requirements of Integrated Monitoring and assessment Programme related to contaminants (heavy metals, organic compounds).

Establishment of partnerships to support regional and sub-regional coordinated efforts for management POPs.

Technical and financial support to strengthen implementation at national level.

Capacity building programmes of national authorities and industries generating POPs.

Radioactive substances Addressed by SAP-MED; however, no legally binding plans on Radioactive substances

Heavy metals Addressed by SAP-MED (Hg, Cd, Pb, Cr and Zn) and adopted in the Regional Plan on the reduction of inputs of Mercury (Hg). Actions needed include:

Ensuring that the releases of heavy metals are ceased according to a timeline set on the national level.

Adopting National ELVs for heavy metal

Establishment of partnerships with industrial facilities to support national coordinated efforts for limiting discharge of heavy metals.

Provide technical and financial support to strengthen implementation of measures to reduce and prevent discharges of heavy metals at national level.

19

emissions from industrial sources.

Identifying existing sites which have been historically contaminated with heavy metals including at old mines and decommissioned industrial plants, and take, with regard to these sites, environmentally sound management measures such as safety works, use restrictions or decontamination, as appropriate.

Upgrading present marine environment monitoring programme in line with requirements of Integrated Monitoring and assessment Programme related to heavy metals.

Oils Addressed by SAP-MED and in the adopted PCB guidelines including:

Collection and disposal of lubricating oil

Formulating and adopting a standard on the maximum amount of PCB an oil may contain

Making an inventory of the quantities of the three categories of lube oil

Establishment of partnerships to support regional and sub-regional coordinated efforts for reducing and preventing discharge of lube oil to the Mediterranean marine environment.

Sediment mobilization Addressed in the guideline for dredged materials

Establishment of partnerships to support regional and sub-regional coordinated efforts for preventing mobilization of sediments in the Mediterranean marine environment

Physical alteration and destruction of habitats

Addressed by SAP-MED, including:

Safeguarding the ecosystem function, maintain the integrity and biological diversity of species and habitats

Developing programmes for integrated coastal zone management

Also addressed in the “Seawater Desalination in the Mediterranean Assessment and Guidelines”

Support to restore marine and coastal habitats that have been adversely affected by anthropogenic activities.

Support to formulate guidelines for the preservation of habitats and normal ecosystem functions in coastal areas, particularly in the context of integrated coastal zone management.

20

East Asian Seas

Convention/ Action Plan: The Action Plan for the Protection and Development of the Marine Environment and Coastal Areas of the East Asian Region (the East Asian Seas Action Plan)

Contracting Parties/ Member States: Cambodia, People’s Republic of China, Indonesia, Republic of Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, Singapore and Vietnam

Secretariat: Secretariat of the Coordinating Body on the Seas of East Asia (COBSEA Secretariat) UN, Rajadamnern Nok Av, Bangkok 10200, Thailand The COBSEA Secretariat is hosted by Thailand and administered by UN Environment, located at the UN Environment Asia and the Pacific Office in Bangkok, Thailand. The current country hosting and location of COBSEA Secretariat was adopted by the 22

nd Intergovernmental

Meeting, in 2015. The Secretariat is funded by participating countries through the East Asian Seas Trust Fund, which is administered by UN Environment.



COBSEA Strategic Directions 2018-2022

COBSEA Regional Action Plan on Marine Litter

Strategic Action Programme for the South China Sea

Regional Programme of Action for the Protection of East Asian Seas from the Effects of Land-based Activities

Adoption/ Timeframe: COBSEA Strategic Directions 2018-2022, adopted by COBSEA Intergovernmental meeting in 2018

COBSEA Regional Action Plan on Marine Litter adopted in 2008; under revision, process for revision adopted by COBSEA Intergovernmental meeting in 2018. This remains the only intergovernmentally adopted framework for marine litter in the region.

Strategic Action Programme for the South China Sea, adopted in 2009.

Legal Framework for Land Based Activities: N/A

Adoption/Timeframe


COBSEA Strategic Directions 2018-2022 The COBSEA Strategic Directions 2018-2022 guide COBSEA participating countries and the COBSEA Secretariat in action towards development and protection of the marine environment and coastal areas of East Asian Seas, leveraging COBSEA as an intergovernmental policy mechanism towards planning, implementation and tracking of delivery of ocean-related Sustainable Development Goals, in line with the global “Regional Seas Directions 2017-2020”. To this end the Strategic Directions encompass two substantive themes: Land-based marine pollution; and Marine and coastal planning and management; as well as an over-arching Governance theme. The substantive themes identify priority issues relevant to the region’s

21

marine and coastal environment and sustainable development, where COBSEA has a particular mandate or comparative advantage to catalyse and deliver policy development, projects and other activities. The governance theme addresses COBSEA as a regional policy mechanism and identifies priorities in creating the necessary conditions for COBSEA and its Secretariat to efficiently deliver their mandates. COBSEA Regional Action Plan on Marine Litter A joint COBSEA-UN Environment regional project on reducing marine litter through management of the plastic value chain has been initiated. This USD 6.4M project is funded by Swedish International Development Agency. The project is starting with an inception phase in 2018 followed by 4 years of project implementation. COBSEA leads project components focusing on the science basis for decision-making including monitoring and reporting, as well as on regional networking, cooperation and sharing. This will support countries implement key provisions of the Regional Action Plan on Marine Litter, and in doing so also facilitate development, planning and implementation of national commitments (including commitments made in the context of the global Clean Seas campaign and voluntary commitments related to SDG 14.1.). Strategic Action Programme for the South China Sea The GEF project ‘Implementing the Strategic Action Programme for the South China Sea’, which addresses the habitat, land-based pollution and regional coordination components of the Strategic Action Programme, is starting in 2018. The GEF project ‘Establishment and Operation of a Regional System of Fisheries Refugia in the South China Sea and Gulf of Thailand’, which implements the fisheries component of the Strategic Action Programme, started in 2016. COBSEA has an umbrella coordinating role for these projects.

Adoption/ Timeframe: 2018-2022

Principal Activities of the COBSEA Strategic Directions 2018-2022:

22


Sewage Nutrients Sediment mobilization

Identification of sources of nutrients, sediments and wastewater (such as from agriculture, aquaculture, municipalities); and Prevention, reduction and control through appropriate measures.

Development of regional guideline for identifying and addressing sources of nutrients, sediments and wastewater;

Policy and information exchange, including sharing of outputs, results and best practice;

Technical training and capacity building.

Financing; exchange of available tools and best practice

Marine Litter Review and revision of the COBSEA Regional Action Plan on Marine Litter adopted in 2008;

Implementation of the COBSEA Regional Action Plan on Marine Litter through a regional initiative/project.

Technical support/collaboration in addressing land-based sources of marine plastic litter. Financial support and technical collaboration to address sea-based sources in line with the Regional Action Plan on Marine Litter

Physical alteration and destruction of habitats Strengthening biodiversity conservation in line with Aichi targets, including increasing conservation of marine and coastal area to 10% in the COBSEA region. Increasing resilience to adverse impacts of climate change through coastal and marine planning and management. Facilitating the formulation of national and regional policy on ecosystem-based marine and coastal planning and management including MPAs and MSP. Strengthening and mainstreaming action plans for ecosystem-based marine and coastal planning and management including MPAs and MSP in each country, in line with national SDG actions.

Review of national and regional legal and policy frameworks in the region and recommendations for creating enabling

Financing; exchange of available tools and best practice

23

conditions for ecosystem-based approaches;

Developing regional guidelines for an ecosystem-based approach to marine and coastal planning and management;

Building capacity on marine and coastal planning and management, including to address climate change in the coastal and marine environment;

Exchange of information, knowledge and best practice;

Establishing a COBSEA network of MPAs;

Evaluating the effectiveness of the management of MPAs.

Persistent Organic Pollutants

Radioactive substances

Heavy metals

Oils

24

Northwest Pacific

Convention/ Action Plan: The Action Plan for the Protection, Management and Development of the Marine and Coastal Environment of the Northwest Pacific Region (NOWPAP) adopted in 1994

Contracting Parties/ Member States: The People’s Republic of China, Japan, the Republic of Korea, and the Russian Federation

Secretariat: Northwest Pacific Action Plan (NOWPAP) Regional Coordinating Unit, Toyama 5-5 Ushijimashin-machi, Tower 111-6F Toyama City, 930-0856 Japan TEL.: +81.76.444.16.11 / FAX: +81.76.444.27.80 Northwest Pacific Action Plan (NOWPAP) Regional Coordinating Unit, Busan Office 216 Gijanghaean-ro, Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan 619-705, Republic of Korea Tel: +82 51 720 3000, Fax: +82 51 720 3009 Homepage: www.nowpap.org


NOWPAP Regional Oil and NHS (Hazardous and Noxious Substances) Spill Contingency Plan (RCP)NOWPAP Regional Action Plan on Marine Litter (RAP MALI)

Regional Ecological Quality Objectives (EcoQOs) were adopted in 2016 and work is ongoing on the development of EQO indicators. Among LBA categories, EQOs target marine litter and nutrients/eutrophication

State of the Marine and Coastal Environment in the Northwest Pacific (SOMER-2), 2014

Adoption/ Timeframe: RCP adopted in 2005 ongoing; RAP MALI adopted in 2008, ongoing


NN

Adoption/Timeframe Regional Programme of Action (as NOWPAP Regional Action Plan on Marine Litter; voluntary; focused on prevention,

http://www.nowpap.org/

25

implementation tool): monitoring and removal of marine litter. Annual marine litter workshops (since 2015 are organized jointly with Tripartite Environmental Ministers Meeting), annual International Coastal Cleanup Campaigns organized each year since 2006 on a rotating basis in Member States. RCP is being implemented through information collection and sharing, regular (led by Member States) oil and HNS preparedness and response exercises (BRAVO and DELTA). Eutrophication assessment (with an ultimate aim to develop recommendations on reducing nutrients input).

Adoption/ Timeframe: RCP adopted in 2005 ongoing; RAP MALI adopted in 2008, ongoing Principal Activities: • NOWPAP Regional Oil and NHS (Hazardous and Noxious Substances) Spill Contingency Plan adopted in 2005. Regular Regional

Joint Exercises on Oil Spill Preparedness and Response (BRAVO and DELTA) have been conducted by member states since 2005

NOWPAP was the first among Regional Seas to adopt voluntary Regional Action Plan on Marine Litter in 2008 (RAP MALI). The RAP MALI is composed of prevention of marine litter input to the marine and coastal environment; monitoring of marine litter quantities and distribution; and removal of existing marine litter and its disposal. In the NOWPAP region, marine litter issues have been addressed through RAP MALI as a part of the NOWPAP programme of work, together with other environmental issues such as oil spills and harmful algal blooms. Most of the RAP MALI activities are being implemented at the national level, in cooperation with local governments and authorities in the NOWPAP countries.

• NOWPAP activities increased knowledge and public awareness about the state of the marine and coastal ecosystems, including biodiversity components in the North Pacific region;

• NOWPAP made significant progress in building capacities of technical experts and policy specialists through joint training, regular regional dialogues, seminars and expert workshops.

Priority Pollutant Source Category Actions Needed Generic Support Needed Sewage Exchange information on environmental

sound sewage treatment Support for actions to support and address wastewater issues

Nutrients To access the status of eutrophication; To harmonize environmental quality standards and monitoring methods; developed criteria and guidelines

Support to undertake a regional assessment of soil, and water quality status, trends and monitoring capacity to identify specific areas for strategic monitoring intervention

Marine Litter To strengthen and enhance Northwest Pacific regional node of Global

Information on best practice of other regions;

26

Partnership of Marine Litter; To collect information on national

actions on marine microplastics; Continue to maintain and update the

database on marine litter Continue its work on floating marine;

To conduct microplastics assessment;

Continue monitoring of marine litter;

Continue efforts to remove accumulated litter;

Continue organizing annual NOWPAP International Coastal Clean up campaigns

Information on global approaches.

Persistent Organic Pollutants Assist with the reduction, management, and monitoring of unintentional POPs

Support for actions on addressing POPs

Radioactive substances Heavy metals To prepare guidelines for Best

Environmental Practices (BEP) and Best Available Technologies (BAT) in industrial installations

Support for actions on implementation of BEP and BAT in industrial installations

Oils Continue to implement the Regional Oil Spill Contingency Plan

Sediment mobilization To develop model sediment mobilization guidelines

Support for actions on addressing sediment mobilization

Physical alteration and destruction of habitats

To display the current situation of reclamation and to describe the management of each member state

Support for actions for the preservation of habitats and normal ecosystem function in coastal areas

27

West and Central Africa Region

Convention/ Action Plan: Convention on Cooperation for the Protection, Management and Development of the Marine Environment and Coastal Areas of the Atlantic Coast of the West, Central and Southern African Region (Abidjan Convention) UNEP Action Plan for West and Central Africa

Contracting Parties/ Member States: Angola, Benin, Cameroon, Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mauritania, Namibia, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo and RSA

Secretariat: Ecosystem Division UN Environment Côte d’Ivoire, Abidjan - II Plateaux-Vallon Rue Harris Memel Foteh 01 BP 1747 Abj 01 Telephone: +225 22 514 600 Mobile: +225 58 551 551 Fax: +225 22 514 602


Additional Protocol To The Abidjan Convention Concerning Cooperation In The Protection And Development Of Marine And Coastal Environment From Land-Based Sources And Activities In The Western, Central And Southern African Region

Adoption/ Timeframe: 22 June 2012


NA

Adoption/Timeframe NA Regional Programme of Action (as implementation tool):

NA

Adoption/ Timeframe: NA Principal Activities: Priority Pollutant Source Category Actions Needed Generic Support Needed Sewage NA

Nutrients NA Marine Litter NA Persistent Organic Pollutants

28

Radioactive substances NA Heavy metals NA

Oils NA Sediment mobilization NA Physical alteration and destruction of habitats

NA

29

Black Sea Region

Convention/ Action Plan: Convention on the Protection of the Black Sea Against Pollution (Bucharest Convention)

Contracting Parties/ Member States: Bulgaria, Georgia, Romania, Russian Federation, Turkey, Ukraine

Secretariat: Permanent Secretariat of the Commission on th Protection of the Black Sea Against Pollution Su Isleri Bakanligi, Maslak Mahallesi, Büyükdere Caddesi, No 265, Sarıyer – Istanbul, 34398, TURKEY Tel: +90 212 299 2940, Tel: +90 212 299 2946 Fax: +90 212 299 2944 [email protected] Webpage: www.blacksea-commission.org



Strategic Action Plan for the Environmental Protection and Rehabilitation of the Black Sea (BS SAP)

Adoption/ Timeframe: 2009/revision pending

Legal Framework for Land Based Activities: Protocol on the Protection of the Black Sea Marine Environment Against Pollution from the Land Based Sources (LBS Protocol, 1994)

Protocol on the Protection of the Black Sea Marine Environment Against Pollution from the Land Based Sources (version of 2007)

Adoption/Timeframe 1994/ratification pending


Black Sea Integrated Monitoring and Assessment Programme


Principal Activities:


Sewage Increase coverage and treatment Support to undertake a regional assessment

Nutrients Develop and maintain a regional nutrient and water quality database including to support informed decision making;

To promote BEAST tool application in

the Black Sea;

Implement zoning;

Carry out diffuse sources assessment,

atmospheric deposition assessment;

Apply remote sensing.

Support to undertake a regional

assessment of discharges of nutrients

to the Black Sea;

Marine Litter Implementation of Regional Action Support to undertake a regional

tel:%2B90%20212%20299%202940

tel:%2B90%20212%20299%202946

tel:%2B90%20212%20299%202944

http://www.blacksea-commission.org/

30

Plan on Marine Litter management in the Black Sea;

Promotion of application of Monitoring Guidelines on Marine Litter management in the Black Sea;

Assessment of Marine Litter from ships (management of ship-generated waste on board of ships)

assessment and monitoring;

Support to carry out capacity building activities

Persistent Organic Pollutants Implement the Black Sea Integrated Monitoring and Assessment Program (BSIMAP) 2017-2022 for monitoring and management

Support to undertake a regional assessment

Radioactive substances Introduce into BSIMAP Support to undertake a regional assessment

Heavy metals Implement the Black Sea Integrated Monitoring and Assessment Program (BSIMAP) 2017-2022 for monitoring and management


Oils Implement the Black Sea Integrated Monitoring and Assessment Program (BSIMAP) 2017-2022 for monitoring and management

Continue to implement the Regional Oil Spill Contingency Plan


Support to draft HNS Chapter of Regional Contingency Plan

Sediment mobilization Implement the Black Sea Integrated Monitoring and Assessment Program (BSIMAP) 2017-2022 for monitoring and management


Physical alteration and destruction of habitats Implement the Black Sea Integrated Monitoring and Assessment Program (BSIMAP) 2017-2022 for monitoring and management


31

South Asian Seas

Convention/ Action Plan: Action Plan: (Annex IV)

Development of strategy, including refinement of the Programme of Action, for the protection of the Marine Environment of the South Asian Seas from Land-based Activities in South Asia ;

Development of a regional programme for monitoring of marine pollution in the coastal waters of the South Asian Seas and the regular exchange of relevant data and information;

Development of pilot activities in countries of the South Asian Seas to control the degradation of the marine coastal environment from land-based activities;

Training of personnel involved in these pilot projects to control the degradation of the marine and coastal environment from land-based activities, including preparation of a training manual;

Development of a regional programme to identify the special problems of the largest coastal cities, each having a population of more than 10 million by the year 2000, and of the island states in the areas

Contracting Parties/ Member States: Bangladesh, India, Maldives, Pakistan and Sri Lanka.

Secretariat: SACEP, 69/4, Maya Avenue, Colombo 06, Sri Lanka.



Preparation of a regional action plan on marine litter for the South Asian Seas region based on national information collection.

Scoping study (Desk study) on the nutrient pollution of the coastal and marine system in south Asia, as input document for a sub-regional workshop on nutrient management.

Capacity Development for the National Authorities to Formulate Nitrogen Management Policy and its Implementation at National and Regional level” in South Asia

Adoption/ Timeframe: Global partnership on Marine Litter action plan report 31st

December 2017.

The ecosystem approach to pollution management was proved to be an excellent approach to managing the nutrient pollution in the region and agreed on a vision ‘South Asian Seas free of nutrient pollution by 2020’.

Legal Framework for Land Based Activities: Same as above

Adoption/Timeframe 2017-2020


Regional consultation to build consensus and implementation of clean sea campaign in the region

Reduce and control nutrient loading into the coastal waters of the South Asian Seas

32

Region through development of a Regional Action Plan and Policy Framework




Sewage Update and expansion of the sewage treatment facilities and exchange the environmental information through nutrient Scoping study programme.

Support action needed for systematic execution.

Nutrients Prepare and adoption of unique guidelines for nutrient and water quality management in South Asian Sea region.

Implementation of continuous (seasonality) monitoring on coastal water quality parameters as their routine collection in South Asian Sea region.

Undertake a regional assessment of coastal water quality in South Asian Sea region and intervene the region for necessary action on abnormal findings.

Support action needed for systematic execution.

Marine Litter Marine litter action plan and informed the respective governments for immediate implementation for minimizing the uses.

Support action needed for successful implementation by the member counties.

Persistent Organic Pollutants Develop a programme for monitoring and management

Support action needed for execution and necessary management.

Radioactive substances Develop a programme for monitoring and management


Heavy metals Develop a programme for monitoring and management


Oils Built a platform between the member countries to respond Oil spills

Support action to enhance response capabilities

Sediment mobilization Develop a programme for monitoring and management


Physical alteration and destruction of habitats Develop a programme for monitoring and management


33

South-East Pacific Region

Convention/ Action Plan: Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment and Coastal Areas of the Southeast Pacific (1981) (Lima Convention)

Contracting Parties/ Member States: Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Panama

Secretariat: Permanent Commission for the South Pacific (CPPS)



Adoption/ Timeframe:

Legal Framework for Land Based Activities: Protocol for the Protection of the Southeast Pacific from land-based sources of Pollution

Adoption/Timeframe 1983


Regional program for the integrated management of marine litter

Adoption/ Timeframe: 2007



Sewage Increase coverage and treatment Financing. Alternative systems of wastes treatment

Nutrients Treatment for sewage and agriculture discharges

Technology for recuperation of nutrients. More sustainable agriculture practices

Marine Litter Improve waste collection and recycling Economic mechanisms to improve recycling. Education. Reuse material. Alternative materials.

Persistent Organic Pollutants Regulation of the use, water treatment Technology for recovery POPs. Reduce the use of pesticides through alternative farming methods. Education.

Radioactive substances

Heavy metals Water treatment. Stop using mercury and other harmful substances in artisanal mining activities

Technology for recovering heavy metals. Biotechnology to recover degraded environments.

Oils

Sediment mobilization

Physical alteration and destruction of habitats Regulation of use in coastal areas and wetlands

Integrated coastal management. Planning

34

Pacific Region

Convention/ Action Plan: Convention for the Protection of the Natural Resources and Environment of the South Pacific Region and Related Protocols (Noumea Convention) 1986. Two Protocols adopted in 1990, the Protocol for the Prevention of Pollution of the South Pacific Region by Dumping (Dumping Protocol) and the Protocol Concerning Co-operation in Combating Pollution Emergencies in the South Pacific Region (Emergencies Protocol). In 2006 the Parties amended the Dumping Protocol and adopted two new protocols to replace the Emergencies Protocols. The two new protocols are the Protocol on Oil Pollution preparedness, response and cooperation in the Pacific region (Oil Protocol) and the Protocol on hazardous and noxious substances pollution, preparedness, response and cooperation in the Pacific region (HNS Protocol). Both of these new protocols are not yet in force.

Contracting Parties/ Member States: Australia, Cook Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, France, Marshall Islands, Nauru, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, and United States of America.

Secretariat: Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP). Vailima, Apia, Samoa. PO Box 240, Apia, Samoa. Email: [email protected] Website: www.sprep.org



Action Plan for managing the Natural Resources and Environment of the South Pacific

Pacific Regional Waste and Pollution Management Strategy 2016-2025 (Cleaner Pacific 2025)

Adoption/ Timeframe: Regional Action Plan adopted first in 1982.

Cleaner Pacific 2025 adopted in 2015 (10years from 2016 – 2025)

Legal Framework for Land Based Activities: Same as above for Noumea Convention, and Protocols

Adoption/Timeframe 1982 - 2016 - 2025


Pacific Regional Waste and Pollution Management Strategy 2016-2025 Implementation Plan 2016-2019

Adoption/ Timeframe: Adopted in 2015. Four year timeframe for 2016-2019.


UN Oceans SDG14 work with 307 voluntary commitments from the Pacific region.

Marine debris a key focal area of work with analysis of over 10,000 MARPOL violations from fishing vessels in the region from 2013-2015.

Capacity building in oil spill response, EIA, MEAs, in several countries.

Development of regional environment management framework for deep sea minerals exploration and exploitation.


http://www.sprep.org/

35

Guidelines developed for deep sea minerals scientific research.

Drafted a deep sea mining regional legal agreement

Development of first national guidelines for sand mining

Establishment of 16.5% MPA’s and PA’s covering over 5,025,134km2

4 species of threatened sharks and 9 species of rays listed on Appendix II of CITES as a result of efforts by Pacific island Parties

Over USD 6 Million has been secured for invasive species

USD 4.3 Million has been approved to support MEA monitoring and reporting.

Euro 52 Million has been secured for sustainable fisheries and waste and pollution management in the region.


Sewage Update and adopt sewage treatment guidelines through WASH programme

Exchange information on environmental sound sewage treatment

Support for actions to support and address WASH issues

Nutrients To prepare guidelines and regional standards for nutrient and water quality management.

Develop and maintain a regional nutrient and water quality database including to support informed decision making

Implement routine data collection systems.

Undertake a regional assessment of soil, water quality status, trends and monitoring capacity to identify specific areas for strategic monitoring intervention

Support to undertake a regional assessment of soil, and water quality status, trends and monitoring capacity to identify specific areas for strategic monitoring intervention

Marine Litter Development of Marine Litter Action Plan

Accelerate the development of policies to ban the use of single-use plastic bags, plastic and styrofoam packaging

Support for actions on addressing marine pollution and marine debris, to maintain the environmental integrity of the Pacific Ocean for people, planet and prosperity.

Persistent Organic Pollutants Assist with the reduction, management, and monitoring of unintentional

Support for actions on addressing POPs

Radioactive substances Develop programmes to collect, remove and dispose of legacy wastes such as radioactive waste stockpiles particularly in the Republic of the Marshall Islands

Support to address legacy waste such as radioactive waste in the Republic of the Marshall Islands

Heavy metals To prepare guidelines for Best Support for actions on implementation of BEP

36

Environmental Practices (BEP) and Best Available Technologies (BAT) in industrial installations

and BAT in industrial installations

Oils To address build capability of Members to plan, prepare, prevent and respond to oil spills.

To prepare guidelines for application of BEP and BAT in industrial installations.

Support for actions to enhance country oil response capabilities.

Sediment mobilization To use model sand mining guidelines for the Cook Islands in the development of guidelines for other SPREP Members.

To develop model sediment mobilization guidelines

Support for actions on addressing sediment mobilization

Physical alteration and destruction of habitats To formulate guidelines for the preservation of habitats and normal ecosystem function in coastal areas

Support for actions for the preservation of habitats and normal ecosystem function in coastal areas

37

Baltic Sea

Convention/ Action Plan: Convention on the Protection of the Marine Environment of Baltic Sea Area (Helsinki Convention) 1974, revised 1992 and entry into force 2000 / HELCOM Baltic Sea Action Plan adopted in 2007

Contracting Parties/ Member States: Denmark, Estonia, European Union, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russian Federation, Sweden

Secretariat: HELCOM SECRETARIAT, Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission - Helsinki Commission, Katajanokanlaituri 6 B, 3rd floor, FI-00160 Helsinki, Finland Tel: +358 207 412 649, E-mail: [email protected], Website: www.helcom.fi



Adoption/ Timeframe:

Legal Framework for Land Based Activities: Article 6 “Principles and obligations concerning pollution from land-based sources” of the Helsinki Convention, Annex I “Harmful substances” and Annex III “Criteria and measures concerning the prevention of pollution from land-based sources” of the Helsinki Convention,

Adoption/Timeframe 1992, entered into force 2000, Annex III amended 1999 and 2007


HELCOM Baltic Sea Action Plan including HELCOM Nutrient Reduction Scheme

Adoption/ Timeframe: Adopted 2007 / Timeframe until 2021



Sewage Baltic Sea countries to fully implement HELCOM requirements regarding treatment level in waste water treatment plants and the delivery of sewage to port reception facilities

Enhancing the awareness and involvement of municipalities

Nutrients Countries to reach the targets of HELCOM Nutrient Reduction Scheme

To delete remaining nutrient related HELCOM Hot spots

To promote on-farm nutrient bookkeeping and develop guidelines for the use of national manure standards

To promote nutrient recycling especially in agriculture and wastewater treatment

Sharing of good examples related to nutrient recycling

Continuous use of best available science in nutrient reduction scheme


http://www.helcom.fi/

38

Marine Litter To implement Regional Action Plan on Marine Litter regionally and nationally

Exchanging experiences in implementation

Persistent Organic Pollutants To implement HELCOM’s objective for hazardous substances

To implement HELCOM Recommendation 28E-8 on Environmentally friendly practices for the reduction and prevention of emissions of dioxins and other hazardous substances from small-scale combustion

Radioactive substances The sources and concentrations in the marine environment are monitored regularly. The concentrations are decreasing.

Heavy metals To improve monitoring and assessment

Oils The major source is at sea.

Sediment mobilization To follow up the implementation of HELCOM Recommendation 36-2, Management of dredged material

To strengthen regional focus on HELCOM Recommendation 19-1 on Marine Sediment Extraction in the Baltic Sea Area

Physical alteration and destruction of habitats To further develop methods to assess seabed loss and disturbance. Some assessment made for the State of the Baltic Sea report http://stateofthebalticsea.helcom.fi/

http://stateofthebalticsea.helcom.fi/

united nations environment programme · environment programme distr.: general 19 october 2018...

Documents