unit one - lenin lara - espoch

8/9/2019 Unit One - Lenin Lara - ESPOCH

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Dr. Lenin Lara Olivo

English I

1

ESCUELA SUPERIOR POLITCNICA DE CHIMBORAZO

FACULTAD DE INFORMATICA Y ELECTRONICA

ESCUELA DE INGENIERIA ELECTRONICA

TEXTO BSICO :

ENGLISH ONE

AUTOR :

Dr. LENIN LARA OLIVO

RIOBAMBA ECUADOR

2009


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English I 2

UNIT 1

1. GREETINGS

Once you have been introduced to someone, the next time you see that person itis important to greet them. We also greet people as we leave people. In English(as in all languages), there are different ways to greet people in formal andinformal situations.

1.1. Formal Greetings: Arriving

Good morning / afternoon / evening.Hello (name), how are you?

Good day Sir / Madam (very formal)

1.2. Informal Greetings: Arriving

Hi / HelloHow are you?What's up? (very informal)How are you doing? (very informal)

It's important to note that the question "How are you?" or "What's up?" doesn'tnecessary need a response. If you do respond, these phrases are generallyexpected:

buenos das hellogood morning

buenas tardes good afternoon

buenas nochesbuenas noches

SaludoDespedida

good eveninggood night

hola hi

Cmo est(s)? How are you?How do you do?How is going on?How do you feel?

Qu tal? How's it going?

bien fine

muy bien good


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English I 3

malo not so good

ms o menos, as as so soOK

Qu hay de nuevo? What's up?What's new?Whats the matter?

nada nothingnothing much

adios good-bye

hasta luego byesee you later

hasta pronto see you soon

More Help!

Click ingreetingsto hear the sounds

Click English Politeness to hear the sounds

No hay de qu

De nada

Salud!cuando se

brinda por algo

Seor

Seor + apellido

Seora

Seora + apellido

Seorita +apellido(opcional)


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English I 4

EXERCISE :YOUR PERSONAL INFORMATION

Exercises:1. Whats your name?

2. Whats your address?

3. Whats your phone number?

4. Where are you from?

Whats your name?

Whats your address?

Whats your phone number?Where are you from?

Whats your e-mail address?

My name is Maria.

My address is 10 de Agosto

20-30 and Guayaquil Street.

My phone number is

2976502

Im from Riobamba City.

My e-mail address is

[email protected]

Remember:

Whats = What is

2976502 = two nine sevensix five oh two

@ = at. = dot. = period, point

(full stop)a = lower- case letterA = upper-case or

capital-letter_ = underscore

- = dash

dash

underscore

atupper-casecapital letter

dot

lower-case letter


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English I 5

5. Whats your e-mail address

EXERCISE

Now practice with other students in your class.

Student 1

1

2

3

4

5Student 2

1

2

3

4

5Student 3

1

2

3

4

5

Remember:Possessives adjectives

MyYourHisHerIts

Our

YourTheir


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English I 6

1.3. Interview Spelling Names

Practice the conversation.

A. Whats your last name?B. Basantes.A. How do you spell that?B. B-A-S-A-N-T-E-S

Whats your firstname?

A. Maria.B. How do you spell that?A. M-A-R-I-A

LAST NAME FIRST NAME

1 Basantes Maria

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1.4. Demonstratives Adjectives

Los adjetivos demostrativos son aquellos que se utilizan para determinar laubicacin de las cosas y son los siguientes:

This That These Those Here - There

SINGULAR PLURALcloser This: este, esta, ste, sta These: estos estas

farther That: ese, esa, eso, se,sa aquel aquella Those: esos, esasaquellos, aquellas

Here: aqu We use "here" for something which is near to us.

Example: Here is the pencil in my hand.

There: all We use "there" for something which is far from us.

Example: There is the pen next to the lamp.

A diferencia del idioma espaol, en el que se determina la proximidad con ESTO,ESO y AQUELLO, en el idioma ingls slo se utilizan dos grados de proximidad:

THIS, para sealar lo que se encuentra ms cerca del sujeto, y THAT para lo

que est ms alejado.


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English I 7

Estos adjetivos concuerdan en nmero, ya sea en singular o en plural, con el

sustantivo al que acompaan, mientras que en gnero no existen diferencias

entre masculino y femenino:

This flower is beautiful. Esta flor es hermosa.This car is dirty. Este automvil est sucio.

That house is expensive. Aquella casa es costosa.

That dog is bad. Aquel perro es malo.

These apples are cheap. Estas manzanas son baratas.

These pencils are in the box. Estos lpices estn en la caja.

Those stars are in the sky. Aquellas estrellas estn en el cielo.

Those boys are my friends. Aquellos nios son mis amigos.

1.4.1. El adjetivo demostrativo THIS tambin puede utilizarse para

presentar a alguien:

John, this is Mike. (John, este es Mike).

1.4.2. Tambin se utiliza THISpara comenzar un relato de manera

coloquial:

This is the story... (Esta es la historia...)

1.4.3. THATsirve para indicar algo que ha ocurrido o algo que alguien ha

dicho.

That was an incredible story. (Ha sido una historia increble).

Exercises:

Complete the following sentences with Demonstratives adjectives

1. Esta casa es demasiado grande. .......... house is too big.

2. Estos son mis alumnos. .......... are my pupils.


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English I 8

3. Esa ventana es pequea. .......... window is small.

4. Este es mi libro. .......... is my book.

5. Aquellas flores son hermosas. .......... flowers are beautiful.

6. Esos zapatos son negros. .......... shoes are black.

7. Este perro es malo. .......... dog is bad.

8. Estos nios juegan en la calle. ......... children play in the street.

9. Estas son mis fotos. .......... are my pictures.

10. Esta mesa es ma. .......... table is mine.

1.5. Reading.

Read the conversations below:

David: Could you give me thatbook on the table over there?Frank: Do you mean thisbook here?

David: Yes, thatbook.

Frank: Hereyou are. Oh, could you give me thosemagazines on the table

over there?

David: These? Sure, hereyou are.

David: Istherean apple on thattable over there?

Frank: Yes, thereis. Hereit is.David: Great, are there any oranges?

Frank: No, there aren't.

David: Oh, herethey are, next to me on thistable.


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English I 9

Annex No. 1 Adjectivesand clickhereto listen adjectives ending with edanding (bore, bored, boring)

1.6. Possessive adjectives: Replace nouns. Possessive forms indicateownership. Also is followed by a noun

myyourhisherIts

Ouryourtheir

Note: Possessive adjectives are usedto partsof a body(Annex No. 2)

Itsis not the same as Its. Itsmeansit is.

Examples:

1. This is not my computer.

2. The cat has injured its foot

3. The boy broke his arm yesterday

4. She forgot her homework this morning

5. Its wing is broken.

6. Your son is very clever.

7. John is doing his homework.

8. My food is cold.

9. My brother is reading a book

10. Your sister is singing

11. Our parents are here


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English I 10

Some parts of the body


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English I 11

EXERCISE.

SUBJECTPRONOUNS

POSSESSIVEADJECTIVES

have computer


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English I 12

EXERCISES:Choose the correct possessive adjective.

1. I have a pencil. ___ pencil is yellow.

a) Your b)His c)Our d) My

2. Maria has a ball. ___ ball is white.a) Our b) Her c)Their d)His

3. Jose and Maria are students. ___ older brother is a mechanic.a) Their b)Our c)Its d)His

4. When Maria was in Quito last Christmas she stayed at ___ grandmothershouse.

a) his b) her c) their d) our

5. My family has a dog. and ___ name is Pancho.a) Our b) Her c) His d)Its

6. George has a truck. ___ truck is newa) Our b) Her c) Its d) His

7. Samuel and Jaime are students at the high school. ___ little brother is astudent at the middle school.

a) Their b)Her c)Our d)Its

8. Susan is Ecuadorian. ___ family is from Riobamba.

a) Our b) Her c) Its d) Their

9. When I was a child, I liked to sing and dance. ___ father sang and dancedwith me.

a) My b)Her c)His d) Its

10.Maria and I have math class together. ___ teacher is Mr. Smitha) His b) Her c) Our d) My

11. I have two brothers. ___ names are Juan and Carlos.a) Their b) My c) Our d) His


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English I 13

1.7. Possessive Nouns

To form the possessive for a noun we must add to the noun an apostrophe ( )

and then the letter s.

1.7.1. Examples of regular nouns:

The boys name. The boys toys.

The girls pen. The girls pen.

1.7.2. Examples of irregular nouns:

The mans car is in the garage. The mens cars are in the garage.

The childs toy. The childrens toys.

1.7.3. Possessives nouns with names:

Juans brother is sick

Miguels house is very far.

Carlos girlfriend is at the party.

1.7.4. OBSERVATIONS

We normally use (s) for people.

I went to my brothers house. (NOT the house of my brother)

This is my moms sister.

We use offor things, places, etc..

What is the name ofthe movie

Quito is the capital ofEcuador


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English I 14

1.8. Subject pronouns: Go before the verb

IYou

HeShe

ItWeYouThey

Note: Also use the subject pronounafter than, asand that.

Examples:

1. I am friendlySubject

2. You are a nice personSubject3. She is sweet

Subject

4. He is charmingSubject

5. They are funny.Subject

6. It barks a lot (It is used to refer to things, animals and the weather: It isSubject

raining.)7. We are clever.

Exercise:

Write the possessive adjectives:

Subject pronouns possessive adjective

1. I my class

2. you teacher

3. he desk

4. she house5. we car

6. they books

Annex No. 3 The Family and Parenthood

Remember

The Subject

Pronoun isalways a

capital letter


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English I 15

1.9. SIMPLE PRESENT THE VERB TO BE

1.9.1. . Explanation

El verbo to betiene tres formas: am, isy are. Si miramos el grfico nos

daremos cuenta que:

1) amse utiliza solo para la primera persona del singular.2) isse utiliza solo para la tercera persona del singular.3) arese utiliza para la primera, segunda y tercera persona del plural y lasegunda persona del singular.

1.10. Affirmative Statement (positive)

Examples:

Affirmative statement enunciado (positive)

Long form Short formI am your friend Im your friend

You are a nice person Youre a nice person

He is charming Hes charmingShe is sweet Shes sweet

It is beautiful Its beautiful

We are clever Were clever

You are Cool Youre Cool

They are at home Theyre at home

Remember:Always use the long form of theverb bein affirmative shortanswer.

A. Are you tall?

B. Yes, I am. (not Yes, Im.)


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English I 16

Exercise:

1. Make one exercise of each subject pronouns in affirmative statements2. Homework: find out about Countries and Nationalities.3. Review at home put in correct order the following positive sentences.

1.11. . Negative Statement

To Be Verb Negative

Examples:

Negative statement

Long form Contracted short formIamnotyour friend Imnotyour friend

Youarenota nice person Youre nota nice person You arent

Heisnotcharming Hesnotcharming He isnt

Sheisnotsweet Shesnotsweet She isnt

Itisnotbeautiful Itsnotbeautiful It isnt

Wearenotclever Werenotclever We arent

YouarenotCool YourenotCool You arentTheyarenotat home Theyrenotat home They arent

Remember

The Subjectpronoun isalways a

capital letter


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English I 17

1.12. . To Be Questions

To Be Verb Questions

Examples:

Questions

1 s Example 2 n Example

AmI your friend? Am I right?Areyou a nice person?

Ishe charming? Is He here?

Isshesweet? Is She a nurse?

Isit beautiful? Is it cheap?

Areweclever? Are We wrong?

AreyouCool? Are You Peter Smith

Aretheyat home? Are they American


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English I 18

Exercises:Choose the correct form of the verb to be. (simple present) (+,-, ?)

1. Firefighters ___ hard workers.

2. Sara ___ interested in computers now.

3. Sam ___ not a manager yet, but he hopes to be someday.

4. My mother and father ___ very proud of me at this time.

5. Susan ___ an engineer now.

6. I ___ am a student now.

7. Patricia and John ___ married now.

8. I ___ not married yet.

9. Maria ___ a computer technician now.

10.She ___ a website designer.

11.You ___ at home.

12.They ___ doctors.

13.We ___ in our classroom.

14.I ___ in my office.

15.It ___ a cat.


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English I 19

Exercises:

Pick the Person!

1. They have a large house with a garden.a. John b. Mary and Peter c. Joice

2. He has a motorbike.

a. Richard b. You and your sister c. Mr and Mrs. Smith

3. She has a cat.

a. Peter b. My brother and I c. Your aunt

4. We have a farm.

a. Susan and her family b. My family c. Jack

5. He has a new football.

a. Mary b. Mike c. Your parents

6. They have a horse.

a. I b. You c. My parents


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English I 20

EXERCISE:Is the pronoun correct?

Look at the picture. Is the pronoun in the sentence correct? If it is, choose 'YES',otherwise, 'NO'.

Bird

They are its wings.

YES NO

Tom

They are your books.

YES NO

My family and I

It is our cat.YES NO

My family and I

It is their dog.YES NO

Elephant

It is their trunk.

YES NO

Jack

It is his cup of tea.

YES NO

Annex No. 3 The Family and Parenthood


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English I 21

1.13. Question with Where, What, Who.

Examples with What: Object/Idea/Action.

What is your name? What is the Presidents name?

What is your project? What is the computer program?

What are they looking for? What is the weather like?

What is your city? What is hardware?

What time is it? What is your idea?

Examples with Where: Place.

Where are you from? Where is the bus station?

Where do you live? Where is it?

Where is the train station? Where is he?

Where is the phone? Where is the hotel?

Wh-Questions

Wh-Questions allow aspeaker to find out moreinformation about topics.

WhatWhichWhen

WhereWhy

WhoWhomWhose


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English I 22

Where is the bank? Where is the teacher?

Where is the phone? Where is the bank?

Where is the washroom? (also called

toilet, bathroom, ladies room, mens

room, restroom)

Where is the Internet cafe?

Where can I get a taxi? Where is the bus stop?

Where is the hotel? Where is the doctors office? (hospital,

walk-in-clinic)

Where is the shopping center? Where can I park? (put the car)

Examples with Who: Person.

Who is the Ecuadorian president? Who is the best?

Who is the teacher? Who are they?

Who is the nurse? Who am I?

Who are my classmates? Who opened the door?

Who are they?


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English I 23

1.14. Countries and Nationalities

Click here to hear an explanation about Nationalities

1.14.1. Where are you from? Or Where are you come from?

To respond, there are 2 possible answers.

1) Yo soy de (pas)

Subject + am/is/are from Country

I am from Ecuador

2) Yo soy (nacionalidad)

Subject + am/is/are Nationality

I am Ecuadorian


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English I 24

Annex No. 4See more Countries and Nationalities

Homework: Complete the crossword, print screen, and print it out.


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English I 25

Exercises No.1:

Match the items on the right with the items on the left

I areYou isHe areShe amIt isWe areYou isThey are

Exercise No.1 in the computer

Exercise No. 2

Match the items on the right with the items on the left

I am ImYou are WereHe is YoureShe is ShesIt is YoureWe are ItsYou are HesThey are Theyre

Exercise No. 2 in the computer

Exercises: No.3

Choose the correct form of the verb to be:

1. I Polish Yo soyPolaco.

2. She Egyptian Ella esEgipcia.

3. We in Spain Nosotros estamos en Espaa

4. You in France T ests en Francia.

5. You Japanese Ustedes sonJaponeses.

6. They in England Ellos estn en Inglaterra.

7. It on the table Esto est sobre la mesa.


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English I 26

EXERCISE No. 4 :Where are you from? Where are you come from? I amEcuadorian

Complete the chart. Use the words from the box.Canadian CanberraOttawa AustralianThe United States MadridSpain ColombiaMexican AmericanColombian Mexico CityRome EcuadorEcuadorian Italy

Country Capital city Nationality

Australia Canberra

Italian

Bogota

Spanish

Mexico

Washington, D.C.

Canada

Quito

Exercise No. 5.Where are these cities? Complete the sentences. Use the words from the box.

England AustraliaBrazil Costa RicaVenezuela The United StatesPoland JapanEcuador

1. Sydney is in Australia

2. New York

3. Tokio

4. San Jos

5. London

6. Warsaw

7. Rio de Janeiro

8. Caracas

9. Quito


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unit one - lenin lara - espoch

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