unit i and ii comparison
TRANSCRIPT
Big Picture Themes!
Nomads are major outside threat to sedentary peoples and impact Civs.
Golden Age of Religion – Power in government - Rise and Spread of Islam
Foundations and Classical eras of civilization Classical Era – achievements in arts, architecture, science, Math, weapons, metals, literature
Religion and goods spread over the Silk Road
Unit I
Extensive land routes and regional water routes World Religions of Judaism, Christianity, Hinduism and Buddhism are established
Unit II
Land and sea routes expand! Indian Ocean, Trans-Saharan, River networks in Russia and Africa
Religion and goods spread over Silk Road
Golden Age of Nomads! Continue to be biggest outside threat to civilization and Empire
Classical Civs collapse – Rise of Post Classical Civs - continue to achieve in different ways.
Development of Empire and spread of civilizations
Greek and Latin based – Greco-Roman
Patrician and Plebeians – social
Citizenship – unifying Identity
History, Music, Drama, Art
Chinese – calligraphy
Confucianism – Filial Piety
Superior and Inferior
Stressed education – “Gentleman”
Ethnocentrism – Great Wall
Classical Comparison: Roman Empire and Han Dynasty
Identity
Identity
Well organized bureaucracy based upon Legalist and Confucian ideas and education
Well organized bureaucracy founded on Greco-Roman law and classical learning
GovernmentGovernment
Patriarchical
Reliance on Patricians
Greek and Roman Mythological faith
Temples, Sacrificies, Olympics
Judaism and Christianity – Persecuted at times
Patriarchical
Reliance on landed gentry
Ancestor Veneration – Oracle Bones
Daoism – “The Way” – Wu Wei
Confucianism – five relationships
Buddhism – Persecuted at times
BeliefsBeliefs
“The Great Builders”
Columns, Dome, Arch
Aqueducts, roads, bridges, theaters, The Coliseum
Great Wall of China
Bridges, Roads, Canals
Tombs - Terra Cotta Warriors
Public WorksPublic Works
Wow! I wish I could do a hand stand!
Grand Canal Roman Roads
Strong Military – professional army - led to expansion
Gave land and riches to soldiers - reward
Strong Military – led to expansionGave land and riches to soldiers – seen as very important figures in Legalist China
Use of Mediterranean Sea
Built roads, bridges, canals
Use of rivers – Huang He and Yangtze
Built Roads, bridges, canals
Expansion
And Trade
Expansion
And Trade
Decline of EmpireDecline of Empire
Roman Empire Han China
Decline in Morals and Values that have upheld
society together
Public Health and Urban
Decay
Political Corruption
Unemployment and Inflation
Military Spending- too
costly
Western EuropeUNIT I
Classical Civilizations (Greece city-states, Rome – centralized empire)
Golden Ages = Great accomplishments (Democracy, Republic, Law, architecture, art, philosophy, astronomy, science, military, engineering)
Nomads are biggest outside threat to sedentary people (Germanic Tribes, Huns)
Land routes begin (Roman roads and Aqueducts)
Regional trade routes important (Mediterranean Sea)
Polytheistic Religion Persecution, adoption and
spread of Christianity Decline due to corruption, no
clear succession, barbaric threat, loss of identity, economic hardship
Unit II Fall of Roman Empire from Visigoths
leads to decentralized feudalism Widespread education ends (Gothic
architecture, monasteries, weaponry.) Barbarian threat limits trade (Dark
Age, manorialism) Roman Catholic Church dominates
Europe (Political, Economic, and social) Threat of Islam (Charlemagne,
Crusades, Reconquista) Rigid social structure (Kings, Nobles,
Lesser Nobles, Knights, Serfs) Crusades = revival of trade = rise of
cities = power of kings = Nation-States Commercial revolution – guilds, banks,
monetary system, mercantilism. Black Death = 1/3 pop dead = need for
labor = wage labor of serfs = end of serfdom
Western Europe – Important People
PericlesSocrates
Alexander the Great Augustus
Caesar
King John
Joan of arc
St.Benedict
Pope Urban II
CharlemagneUNIT I
UNIT II
THE WEST
No longer unified politically and a loss of central authority
Development of Feudalism as a political and social system
Depopulation of urban centers – London is about 10,000 people
The Catholic Church is the only institution to survive the fall of the Western Empire. Becomes the only unifying force in the West
Little contact with the outside world Loss and in some cases rejection of Classical thought.
Byzantium
The truly important part of the Roman Empire. Contained the biggest portion of the population and wealth.
Continues with its classical tradition and becomes the major power in the Mediterranean area.
Orthodox Christianity is the main faith and is controlled for the most part by the emperor
Significant influence on the emerging civilization of Russia.
Constantinople was considered the endpoint of the Silk Route.
ChinaUNIT I
Classical Civilizations (Qin – Legalist, Han – Confucianism)
Mandate of Heaven Development of meritocracy
(civil service exam, scholar-gentry)
Golden Ages = Great accomplishments (Great Wall, Terra Cotta Warriors, Paper, Silk, Rudder)
Nomads are biggest outside threat to sedentary people (Xiongnu)
Land routes begin (Silk Road) Merchants looked down upon,
eunuchs gained power Polytheistic Religion – Chinese
folk, Daoism Decline due to corruption,
barbaric threat, loss of identity, economic hardships, internal strife
Unit II Fall of Han= 400 years of warring
states = Sui, Tang, Song (Centralized gov’t)
Mandate of Heaven Meritocracy (civil service exams,
Neo-Confucianism) Golden Ages = gunpowder, Grand
canal, compass, moveable type, junks, porcelain, paper money)
Nomads are biggest outside threat (Mongol invasion= Yuan Dynasty)
Pax Mongolica = increased trade along Silk Road, merchants gained prestige
Ming Dynasty – erased Mongol rule, developed navy, Zheng He
Spread, adoption, and persecution of Buddhism, foot binding of women
Decline due to corruption, barbaric threats, economic hardships, internal strife
China – Important People
LaoziHan Wudi
ConfuciusShi Huang di
UNIT I
UNIT II
Tang Taizong
Kublai KhanZheng He
Hongwu
Marco Polo
CHINA
Unlike Europe, China recovers from nomadic invaders.
New “classical” era begins with the Tang and Song dynasties.
Mongols do more to spread Chinese culture under the Yuan dynasty
Continues to be a major influence on Japan, Korea and Southeast Asia
Many overseas Chinese communities begin during this time period
IndiaUNIT I
Classical Civilizations (Maurya- Buddhist, Gupta-Hindu)
Centralized bureaucracies Laws and society structured
around religious beliefs (Rock Pillar Edicts)
Golden Ages = Great accomplishments (military, mathematics –pi, zero, numerals - astronomy, medicine, literature)
Nomads are biggest outside threat to sedentary people (White Huns)
Extensive Trade (Silk Road, Indian Ocean, central location, monsoons)
Buddhism in Maurya (Ashoka) Hindu revival with Gupta (Caste system)
Decline due to corruption, poor leadership, barbaric threat, land too vast and diverse to control
Unit II Decentralized Hindu provinces,
Rise of Delhi Sultantate in North (Muslim), Chola and Vijayanagar in South (Hindu)
Semi-feudal Kingdoms Built mosques, castles, roads –
Temples, sculptures, literature Nomads are biggest outside threat
(Conquered by Tamerlane, Mongol)
Extensive trade network (Silk Road, Indian Ocean, central location, monsoons)
Islam brought by force, replaces Buddhism (Claimed to be high caste) South remains Hindu (Caste system)
Decline due to corruption, barbaric threats, poor leadership, economic hardships, internal strife
India – Important People
Chandragupta Maurya
Chandra Gupta I
AshokaBuddha
UNIT I
UNIT II
Hakka and Bukka
HarshaMahmud Ghaznavi
Tamerlane
Middle EastUNIT I
Classical Civilizations (Persian) Centralized bureaucracies
(Satrap = governors) Laws and society structured
and enforced, secret police, Immortals
Golden Ages = Great accomplishments (Royal Road, military, coins, postal service)
Unified diverse region with tolerance, trade, strong leadership
Extensive Trade in Mediterranean – attempt to take Greece led to two major wars- Persia lost
Zoroastrianism developed – Dualism – mostly tolerant of other faiths
Decline due to corruption, poor leadership, intolerance, foreign invasion led by Alexander the Great
Unit II Decline of Persian Empire led to
period of decentralization – controlled by Byzantines at times
Islamic Empires centralized the region, Dar-al-Islam (Umayyad, Abbasid)
Golden Age: Built mosques, hospitals, libraries- achievements in Math, literature, medicine, calligraphy
Unified diverse region with Islamic law, strong military, expansion=Crusades
Extensive trade network (Silk Road, Indian Ocean, Med sea, Trans-Saharan, central location)
Islam was dominant faith –tolerant of other religions. (Jiyza tax)
Decline due to corruption, Mongol attacks, poor leadership, religious schism (Sunni/Shiite), Rise of Ottoman
Middle East – Important People
ZarathustraHammurabi
Xerxes
Darius
UNIT II
Muhammad
SaladinHarun al-Rashid
Genghiz Khan
UNIT I
Jesus
MIDDLE EAST/ARAB WORLD
Rise of Islam in the 7th century breathes new life into this area.
Like Christianity in Northern Europe there is some “conversion by the sword”.
More tolerant than their Christian counterparts. Because Muhammad was a merchant – trade is a
respectable profession unlike in China and Japan Arab merchants become the heart of the Indian
Ocean trade Islam expands into North and East Africa as well
as Persia, India and Southeast Asia
SILK ROUTES AND INDIAN OCEAN TRADE
Silk Road trade was indirect. Goods changed hands many times before reaching final market.
Items had to be mostly small luxury goods.
Large profit margin on a few small items. Limited number of buyers – mostly the
wealthy Arab merchants were the key to most of
the trade.