unit chesnutandsaunders moultrie

WhoPutstheFruitinMySmoothie&WhyIsThereCorninMyHair?

http://corninmyhair.weebly.com/

Lesson#1FromFieldtoHairFollicle:YouAreWhatYouEatLesson#2GeneticallyModifiedOrganisms:What,Where,How,andWhy?

Lesson#3GMOs:MostlyGoodorMostlyBad?Lesson#4FarmersMarketsandGMOs:TheImpactontheFutureofourFood

Youreallyarewhatyoueat.Yourgenerationisthefirsttogrowupwithgeneticallymodifiedorganisms(GMOs)inthefoodsupply,andyoumightnotevenrealizeyoureeatingthem!ExploretheissueofGMOsfromseveralperspectives:thecellsinyourbody,thegroceriesinyoursupermarket,thelocalfarmsinyourcommunity,andtheagribusinesscomplexacrossthecountryandaroundtheglobe.Dotheyhavea

positiveornegativeimpactonagriculturalsustainability? DevelopyourownperspectiveontheGMOcontroversy.

Becomeinformedaboutcurrentfoodoptionsasyoubegintoponder,WhatWillBeOurFutureFood?(Andcreateyummysmoothiesintheprocess.)

Howdoesthewayfoodisgrownimpacthumansandtheenvironment,andhowcanourperspectivesinfluencefoodrelatedissuesathome,school,andinthelocalandglobal

community?

BrendaSaundersMoultrieandLauraChesnutSPED6402Spring2015EastCarolinaUniversity

Who Puts Fruit in My Smoothies & Why Is There Corn in My Hair? Laura Chesnut and Brenda Saunders-Moultrie

CONTENTRESEARCHPAPER

Agriculturalsustainabilityisavastandvariedtopic.Afterscanningandperusingmany

sources,fromsimplechildrensbookssuchasHowDidThatGettoMyTable:OrangeJuice?,

byPamRosenberg,tocomplexarticlesonthewebsiteofDukeUniversitysNicholasInstitute

forEnvironmentalPolicySolutions,finally,abriefsegmentatthebeginningofthedocumentary

film,KingCorn:YouAreWhatYouEat(MosaicFilms,2007),helpedclarifyaprimary

perspectiveforoursummercampunit.Inthefilm,Dr.SteveMacko,achemistfromthe

UniversityofVirginia,says,Hairisacontinuousrecorder.Itsataperecorderofdiet.

[Anything]thatspartofmydietwilleventuallyfinditswayintomyhair.Anisotypeanalysis

ofIanCheneyshairrevealscorntobethedominantcarboninIansbody.Thus,froma

microscopiccellularperspective,thegeneticmodificationofcornandthesubsequent

proliferationofcornproductsandbyproductsthroughoutourfoodsourceshasledtocorninour

hair.Cornisageneticallyengineeredcropthathaspervadedourdietsformanyyearsandwill

continuetodoso.Thepurposeofthispaperistoexamineissuessurroundingtheuseof

geneticallymodifiedorganisms(GMO)inourcurrentandfuturefood.Somequestionsthatwill

beansweredtohelpbuildbackgroundonthetopicare:Whataregeneticallymodifiedorganisms

andGMfoods?Whyaretheyproduced?IsthesafetyofGMfoodsassesseddifferentlyfrom

conventionalfoods?HowisasafetyassessmentofGMfoodconducted?Whatarethemain

issuesofconcernforhumanhealth?Whataretheissuesofconcernfortheenvironment?The

questionalsoathandiswhetherGMOuseisnecessaryandbeneficialforfeedingthecurrent

populationandtheprojected9billionpeoplethatwillinhabittheearthby2050.

Page2of50


WhatareGMOs(geneticallymodifiedorganisms?GMOsarelivingorganismsthathave

hadtheirgeneticmakeupmanipulatedinalaboratory.Thegeneticmodification(GM)occurs

byisolatingandremovingthegeneticmaterialfromoneorganismandinsertingitintoanother.

Thegeneticmaterialcancomefromplants,animals,ormicroorganisms(bacterialorviral).The

processallowstheorganismtoacquireadesirabletraitsuchaspestprotection,herbicide

resistance,orimprovednutritionalqualities,whichallseemtobevalidreasonsforusing

geneticallymodifiedorganismsratherthanallowingnaturetotakeitscourse.

WhyareGMfoodsproduced?Geneticengineeringoffersatimesavingmethodfor

producinglarger,higherqualitycropswithlesseffortandexpense.TheprocessofGMis

nothingnew.Wehaveseedlesswatermelons,bicolorsweetcorn,andseedlessgrapes,toname

afew.Ithasbeenestimatedthat70%ofallprocessedfoodsintheUnitedStatescontainatleast

onegeneticallymodifiedingredientusuallyaproductofsoyplants.Retrievedfrom

http://learn.genetics.utah.edu.

IsthesafetyofGMfoodsassesseddifferentlyfromconventionalfoods?Theguiding

principleintheevaluationofBDfoodsbyregulatoryagenciesinEuropeandtheU.S.isthat

theirhumanandenvironmentalsafetyismosteffectivelyconsidered,relativetocomparable

productsandprocessescurrentlyinuse.Fromthisarisestheconceptofsubstantial

equivalence.Ifanewfoodisfoundtobesubstantiallyequivalentincompositionandnutritional

characteristicstoanexistingfood,itcanberegardedasbeingassafeastheconventionalfood

(FDA,1992Kuiperetal.,2001Maryanski,1995OECD,1993)anddoesnotrequireextensive

safetytesting.Retrievedfromhttp://toxsci.oxfordjournals.org.

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HowisasafetyassessmentofGMfoodconducted?ThreefederalagenciesregulateGE

(geneticallyengineered)foodsinthiscountry.TheU.S.DepartmentofAgriculture(USDA)

overseesenvironmentalconcernssuchasfieldtestingandthespreadofgeneticallyengineered

traitstonontargetplants.TheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA),accordingtothe

termsoftheU.S.FederalInsecticide,Fungicide,andRodenticideAct(FIFRA),regulatesthe

distribution,sale,use,andtestingofplantsandmicrobesthatproducepesticidalsubstances.

Whatarethemainissuesofconcernforhumanhealth?Manydevelopednationsdonot

considerGMOstobesafe.ManystudiesconductedonanimalsindicatethatGMOfoodscan

leadtoinfertility,immuneproblems,acceleratedaging,insulinregulation,changesinmajor

organs,andchangesinthegastrointestinalsystem.

Whataretheissuesofconcernfortheenvironment?GMOcropscancausesuperweedsto

growduetoweedsbecomingresistanttoherbicides,duetoadaptations.GMOcrops

contaminatenearbywatersupplies,thus,alsoaffecttheaquaticlifewithinthewater.Beneficial

helpfulinsectsmaybeharmedandlesssignificantinsectswillbepronetobecomingpests.

PollenfromGMOcropsandtreescancontaminatesurroundingcropsandtrees,thoughthetrue

effectsarenotknown.

ThescientifichistoryofgeneticmodificationusuallybeginswiththeimageofGregor

Mendel,theMoravianmonk,breedingpeasinhismonasterygardenacenturyandahalfago

(Pringle,2003,p.9).However,farmerswereselectivelybreedingandmodifyingplantsand

animalsthousandsofyearsbeforeMendelrecordedhisfindingsinajournalin1856(Gay,

2008).Itmadegoodsurvivalsensetoreplantonlytheseedsfromthehardiestand

highestyieldingplants,tobreedthestrongestanimalswitheachother.Ancientfarmerswere

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givingnaturealittlenudgetoensurethatthefittestorganismssurvivedinordertobenefitthe

livesofhumans.Mendelhadnowayofknowingthathisexperimentsusingtweezersandatiny

paintbrushtocrosspollinatepeas,wouldleadtogeneticengineeringwithhighlysophisticated

techniquesforswappinggenesfromonespeciestoanotherpowerfullaboratorytoolsand

enzymesthatsnipofftheprecisepiecesofDNAthatwewanttosplice(Pringle,2003,p.11).

Geneticengineeringhasadvancedquicklyinthelast50years.InherbookSuperfoodor

Superthreat:theIssueofGeneticallyEngineeredFood,KathrynGaytracesthecreationofviable

GMOstothe1970swhenscientistsfoundawaytotransferpiecesofDNAbetweenorganisms

(p.11),thusopeningthepathtogeneticallymodifiedfood.Inthe1980s,researchersatCalgene,

abiotechcompanyinDavis,California,locatedthegenethattriggerstherottingprocessin

tomatoes,reverseditsDNAsequenceandslowedtheprocess,therebycreatingvineripened

tomatoes.TheUnitedStatesFoodandDrugAdministration,orFDA,approvedthegenetically

modifiedFlavrSavrtomatoforsaleingrocerystoresin1984(Pringle,2003).GMOsbecame

commongroceryitemsonalargescale,thoughmostconsumerswerenotawareofthescience

behindwhattheywerebuying.Sincethedemandwasthere,corporatefarmingenterprises

increasedthecreationandsupplyofGMOs.InMayof2005,U.S.farmgroups,includingthe

NationalCornGrowersAssociation,theAmericanSoybeanAssociation,theNationalCotton

Council,andtheAmericanFarmBureaumettorecognizetheplantingoftheonebillionthacre

ofGEcrops(Gay,2005,p.55).

Geneticallymodifiedorganismshavebeenpartofhumansfoodsupplyforlessthana

generation.WecantracktheprocessofhowGMOsbecomepartofourbodiescells,but

scientistsarejustbeginningtostudytheeffectstheyhaveonthehumanorgansandsystemsthat

Page5of50


aremadeupofthosecells.Muchthoughtfulresearchisrequiredtofullyunderstandtheimpact

thatGMOshaveonourbodies,ourenvironment,andourcommunitiessocialandeconomic

structures.

Dr.LydiaOlander,oftheEcosystemServicesProgramattheDukeNicholasInstitutefor

EnvironmentalPolicySolutions,providesanobjectiveperspectiveontheimpactofgenetically

foodonglobalagriculturalsustainability.Whenviewedintermsofthethreepillarsof

sustainability,environmental,economic/socialprosandcons,GMOcropsarefoundineach

pillar.Environmentally,thosecropsmightrequirefewerherbicidesandpesticidesthatseepinto

watersystems,buttheyalsoreducebiodiversity.Economically,largefarmsusinggenetically

engineeredseedsgethigheryieldsperacre,buttheGMOseedsaretoocostlytobenefitsmall

farmers,especiallyindevelopingcountries.Socially,morefoodfortheworldsgrowing

populationcanbeproducedthroughhigherandmoreefficientyields,butthefieldsourcesare

oftengeographicallyfarfromthespecificpopulationswhoneeditmost.Distributionbecomesa

largeandcomplicatedobstacletofairsharesuppliesamongtheglobalcitizenry.Dr.Olander

emphasizesthattheuseofGMOsinagricultureisjustonevariabletobemeasuredinthefragile

balanceoftheglobalecosystem.

Withaperspectivegainedfromourunit,willstudentsdeterminethatgenetically

modifiedorganismsarepositivecontributionstoagriculturalsustainability,thatthebenefits

outweighthecosts,orwilltheknownandunknownrisksofGMOstipthebalancetoward

caution?Inthemeantime,informedindividualshavetheoptiontochoosewhetherornottoeat

foodwithgeneticallyengineeredingredients,theopportunitytochoosewhatgoesintheirfruit

smoothies.

Page6of50


References

AgricultureHealthandSafety.(n.d.)RetrievedJanuary25,2015,fromHealthandSafetyExecutive:http://www.hse.gov.uk

Bailey,G.(2011).FarmingfortheFuture.NewYork,NY:GarethStevens.

Deboo,A.(2009).LivingGreenProducingandObtainingFood.Chicago,IL:ScottFetzer.

Gay,K.(2008).SuperfoodorSuperthreat:theIssueofGeneticallyEngineeredFood.BerkeleyHeights,NJ:Enslow.

GeneticallyModifiedFoods.(February27,1999)RetrievedJanuary25,2015,fromNationalCenterforBiotechnologyInformation:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1115027/

Moore,P.(2006).AgriculturalandUrbanAreas.NewYork,NY:ChelseaHouse.

Rosenberg,P.(2010).HowDidThatGettoMyTable:OrangeJuice?AnnArbor,MI:CherryLake.

Paladino,C.(1999).OneGoodApple:GrowingOurFoodfortheSakeoftheEarth.Boston,MA:HoughtonMifflin.

Pringle,P.(2003).Food,Inc.:MendeltoMonsantothePromisesandPerilsoftheBiotechHarvest.NewYork,NY:SimonandSchuster.

Spilsbury,R.andL.(2011).FarmingandtheEnvironment.NewYork,NY:Rosen.

Spilsbury,R.andL.(2011).FeedingtheWorld.NewYork,NY:Rosen.

Smith,J.(2009).DoctorsWarn:AvoidGeneticallyModifiedFood.(May,2009)RetrievedJanuary31,2015,fromInstituteforResponsibleTechnology:http://www.responsibletechnology.org/gmodangers/healthrisks/articlesaboutrisksbyjeffreysmith/DoctorsWarnAvoidGeneticallyModifiedFoodMay2009#1

SustainableForestry,AgricultureandLandUse.(n.d.)RetrievedJanuary28,2015,fromDukeNicholasInstituteforEnvironmentalPolicySolutions:http://nicholasinstitute.duke.edu/projects/sustainableforestryagricultureandlanduse#.VM8DW9LF9ps

TheHumanMicrobiome.(n.d.)RetrievedJanuary25,2015,fromUniversityofUtahHealthSciencesGeneticScienceLearningCenter:http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/microbiome/

ToxicologicalSciences.(n.d.)RetrievedJanuary25,2015,fromOxfordJournals:http://toxsci.oxfordjournals.org

Page7of50


Vogel,J.(2010).LocalFarmsandSustainableFoods.AnnArbor,MI:CherryLake.

Winter,K.,&Gallagos,C.,(2006).SafetyofGeneticallyEngineeredFood.AgricultureBiotechnologyinCaliforniaSeries,Publication8180.Retrievedfromhttp://anrcatalog.ucdavis.edu/pdf/8180.pdf

Woolf,A.,Ellis,C.,Cheney,I.,andJeffreyK.Miller,J.K..KingCorn:YouAreWhatYouEat.NewYork,NY:MosaicFilms,2007.

AdditionalResources:http://thehill.com/regulation/237268gmobillintensifiesfederalfoodfighthttps://www.congress.gov/bill/114thcongress/housebill/1599/texthttp://www.letsmove.gov/blog/2015/06/23/feedingplanetenergylifehighlightsfirstlady%E2%80%99svisitmilanexpohttp://fortune.com/2015/04/27/gmo6chipotlecrops/

Page8of50


ExpertPage

OurexpertisDr.LydiaOlander,DirectoroftheEcosystemServicesProgramattheDuke

NicholasInstituteforEnvironmentalPolicySolutions.Hercurrentworkincludesenvironmental

marketsandmitigation,whichalsoincludesforestryandagriculturalbasedclimatemitigation,

andexplorationofapplicationsinurbansustainability.ShereceivedaPhDinBiogeochemistry,

fromStanfordUniversityandMastersinForestSciencefromtheYaleSchoolofForestryand

EnvironmentalStudies.Dr.OlanderwasanAAASCongressionalScienceandTechnology

FellowworkingwithU.S.SenatorJosephLiebermanonenvironmentalandenergyissues.

Dr.Olanderhasconductedresearchontheimpactsofloggingonnutrientcycling.Wetalkedto

heraboutthethreepillarsofagriculturalsustainabilityandtheimpactofGMOsontheglobal

foodsupply.

Website:http://nicholasinstitute.duke.edu/ecosystem

ContactInformation:[email protected]

Initialcontactemailmessage:HiDr.Olander,IamateacherhereinDurhamandwillbeparticipatinginaoneweeksummerprogramformiddleschoolAIG(academically/intellectuallygifted)studentswithtopicspresentedasproblembasedlearningunits.Oneofourunitswillfocusonagriculturalsustainability.Asweplanandnarrowourfocus,itwouldbehelpfultotalktoexpertsfromseveralfields,includingresearchandacademia.Itismyhopethatyoumightbeavailableoneafternooninthenextcoupleofweeksforaphonecall,orevenameeting,toanswerafewquestionsaboutyourworkasitinvolvesagriculturalsustainability.Pleaseletmeknowviaemailresponse,orcallmycellphone,9194523907.Thankyou!LauraChesnut

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CONNECTIONTOTHETHEME

Publisheddefinitionsofperspectiveseemtofallintotwocategories,those

describingconcretevisualrepresentationsofobjectsinspaceandthosedescribing

moreabstractideasormentalviewpoints.Ourunitdefinitionalignswiththesecond

category.TheentryfromDictionary.comthatseemsmostoperationalisthestateof

onesideas,thefactsknowntoone,etc.,inhavingameaningfulinterrelationship.The

entryfromtheMerriamWebsterDictionary(1997)thatwillhelpusworkonourunitis

theaspectinwhichasubjectoritspartsarementallyviewedesp.:aviewofthings(as

objectsorevents)intheirtruerelationshiporrelativeimportance.Ouridealenswill

examinethebroadbigpictureofcurrentandfutureagriculturalsustainability,anditwill

narrowitsfocustothedetailsorfactsthatcontributetotheinterrelationshipofthe

workingpartsthatmakeupthesystem.

Ouroperationaldefinitionofperspectivewillbetheobjectivefactsyouknow

aboutourfoodsupplyandtheinterrelationshipofitsparts,yourideaormentaloverview

ofhowthepartsfittogetherinthesystemasawhole,andyourpersonalframeof

referenceregardingtheissuesoffoodsupplyandconsumption.

Theintentofourunitistofacilitatecampersunderstandingofagricultural

sustainabilityandgeneticallymodifiedorganisms,inorderforthemtogetasensible

understandingoftheirownfoodoptionsandabroaderviewofthenationalandglobal

foodsupplysystem.Onceourcampershaveinvestigatedthetopic,wehopethatthey

willdevelopanoutlookorattitude(perspective)concerningcurrentandfuturefood

Page10of50


options.Theirperspectiveshouldhelpthemwiththeirobjectivity(positiveornegative)

onthecontroversialissue.Thequestionsforthemtodeliberateare:Doyouwanttojust

feedthecurrentandfuturegenerationsbyanymeans,ordoyouwanttodoitinaway

thatwillensurethatpeople,animals,plants,andtheenvironmentareprotectedand

safe?Basedonyourperspective,whatareyourrecommendationsandwhatareyou

committedtodo?

ThecamperswillexplorevariousperspectivesofusingGeneticallyModified

Organisms(GMOs)inourfoodsupply.Theirpersonalperspectiveswillbeformed

basedoninformationgivenandexploredthroughouttheunit.Thecamperswillbe

presentedtheperspectivesoffarmersthathaveutilizedGMOseeds,citizensthathave

witnessedtheeffectsofGMOusageintheirenvironment,businessesthatpromotethe

useofGMOs,videos,andreadingmaterial.Ourintentistofacilitateand/orenhance

thecampersunderstandingofgeneticallymodifiedorganismsandtheroletheyplay,if

any,insustainability.

Onceinformationandactivitieshavebeencompletedattheendofthecamp,we

hopethatourcamperswillhaveaperspectiveonthetopicthatisimpactingtheirlives.

Willtheirperspectivesbefororagainsttheuseofgeneticallymodifiedorganisms?

Whichever,perspectiveorviewpointtheydecide,theywillhavefactsthatwillenable

themtosupporttheirreasoning,keepinginmindthatbytheyear2050,theearthis

expectedtohaveninebillioninhabitantsandthattheywillbethedecisionmakersat

thattime.Hopefully,ourunitwillinspirethecamperstohaveavoiceatanearlyage.

Maybetheywillbeinterestedenoughtocontinueorstarttheirownresearchonthe

Page11of50


issueorbecomeavoicethatwillbeinsupportofsustainability,eatinglocallygrown

foodsthatareinseason,andmakingearthfriendly,consciouschoices.Thereare

manyunansweredquestionsthatremainintheareaoftheuseofGMOs,thelongterm

healthofhumans,animals,andtheenvironment.

Wealsohopethatcamperswillbecomemoreawareoftheireverydayframeof

reference,thattheywillseegrocerystoreshelveswithmoreinformedeyes,thatthey

willhaveaheightenedawarenessoflocallygrownandproducedfoods.Sincetheyare

stillatanagewhentheydonothavecompletecontrolovertheirpersonalfoodoptions

andgrocerybuying,wewilldiscusswaystheycanthoughtfullyanddiplomaticallyshare

theirnewperspectiveswithfamilymembersandfriends.Ourunitisintendedtoraise

theirawarenessoftheircurrentfoodchoicestoday,butmoreimportantlytohelpthem

developintothoughtfulconsumerswithaninformedperspectiveforthefuture.Who

knowswemightbeinfluencingfuturescientists,foodentrepreneurs,andpolicy

makers.

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TECHNOLOGYINTEGRATION

Technologywillbecloselyintertwinedwithourunitslessons.Weplantoembed

asmanyactivitiesaspossibleinourwebsite,http://corninmyhair.weebly.com.The

hardwareforourunitwillbelaptop(ordesktop)computersoriPadswithinternetaccess

foreachstudentandaSmartboardtohelpusfacilitatewholegroupdiscussions.The

useofthelaptopsoripadswillallowourcamperstoresearchandexaminetherealityof

ourpresentandfuturefoodsupply.Oncetheresearch/investigationshavebeen

completed,itisourintentiontohaveourstudentsorganizeandsynthesizethe

informationtoaidthemindevelopingtheirperspective.Collaborationamongtheir

peersmayevendevelopnewideasthatwillimpacttheirthoughtsaboutthewayfoodis

grownanditsinfluenceonhumans,animals,andtheenvironment.Theycancreatea

SlidesharetoaddtoourWeeblywebsite.

Sincethetopicoffoodsustainabilityandtheimpactofgeneticallymodified

organisms(GMOs)hasalreadyinspiredaplethoraofexcellentvideoclipsfoundonthe

internet,wewilltakeadvantageofthosesourcestodisseminateinformationandbuild

studentsknowledgebase.WeplantouseTedEdtointegrateclipsintolessonssuch

asthisonewestartedcalledFoodandYou@http://ed.ted.com/on/7Y93o7Ig.We

wantstudentstouseinformationimmediatelyastheybuildaknowledgebaserather

thanjustpassivelywatchandlisten.TheformatofaTedEdlessongoesbeyond

watchingavideocliptopromptstudentstothink,digdeeper,discuss,andclosewith

thoughtstoponder.TedEdprovidestextwindowsforus,asinstructors,tohaveguiding

questionsalreadypostedwithinthelessonmodule.BypreparingseveralTedEd

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modules,wehopestudentswillbeabletogathermuchoftheunitscontentinformation

astheyviewbriefvideosandrespondtoappropriatecontentquestionsimmediately.

Studentswilluseinternetmappingtools,suchasGoogleMaps,Scribblemaps,or

MapQuest,totracethedeliveryoffoodfromthefarmsourcetoaretailstoretotheir

ownpointofconsumption.Wewantthemtohaveasenseofthedistancethatfood,

especiallyproducetheybuyatthegrocerystore,mighttravelfromafieldsomewhereto

theirtable.Theywillcomparethatjourneytothedistancelocallygrownproducetravels.

Wewillusethewebsitehttp://www.farmersfreshmarket.org/easterncarolinafoodventures

tomakeavirtualshoppingtriptolocalfarmersmarkets.TheycancreateaVokiat

www.voki.comtosharethejourney.Atimelinecreationmayalsobeanoption.

Technologywillbeimplementedwhenthecamperstakeathreequestionsurvey

andanonlinefoodliteracyquiz.Camperswilluseipadstoreadtheprosandconsof

mandatorylabelingofGMOfoodsthenusethetechnologytopresenttheirfindings

(brochureornewsletter).Aninteractiveactivityentitled,EngineeraCropwillengage

campersinasimulationofgeneticallymodifyingacrop.StudentswilldesignaGMO

usinganiPadversionofanonlinedrawingtoollocatedatwww.drawisland.com.

Bytheendofcamp,eachstudentwilldevelopaperspectiveontheimpactof

GMOsoncurrentandfutureagriculturalsustainability.Theywillpresenttheir

perspectiveintheformofapublicserviceannouncement,brochure,orbriefdebatable

opinionstatement.Theywillbeabletochoosetheirownmediumforthefinalproduct:a

PowerPointpresentation,Slideshare,document,videotapedoralstatement,orsome

otherfeasiblepresentationtool.Becausetheunitiscompactedintofoursessions,we

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willdescribethefinalprojectandclarifyexpectationsonthefirstdaysothatstudents

cangaugetheirowntechnologyproficienciesandcomfortlevelsbeforedecidingon

optionsfortheirculminatingpath.

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CONTENTOUTLINE

I.OurFoodSources

A. Currentfoodsupplysystem:global,national,localperspectives1.Locationoffieldswhereproducegrown

a. Informationfoundonsamplelabelsb. Distancetravelledfromsource

i. ForeigncountriesgrocerystorefruitfromSouthandCentralAmerica,Mexico

ii. DifferentUSstatevegetablesfromCaliforniaiii. Localfarmsandfarmersmarketsavailability

2.Processedfoodsa. Ingredientlabellingexamples

i. Listitemsbutnotsourcesii. Whatelsemightwewanttoknow?

b. Agriculturalsourcevs.processinglocationofingredientsc. Approximately70%ofallprocessedfoodscontainatleastone

geneticallymodifiedorganism B.Youarewhatyoueat:molecularperspective

1.Isotopichairanalysisa. Hairiscontinuoustaperecorderofdietb. CornfoundtobepredominantsourceofcarboninmanyAmericans

2.Developmentofgeneticallyengineeredcorna. AgriculturalscientistsintroducedGMcorninmid1990sb. Productionofcornvastlyincreasedc. Usesbeyondcornonthecobvegetable

i. Byproductssuchascornsyrup,cornstarchii. Feedforchickens,beefcattle

II.GeneticallyModifiedOrganisms,GMOs A.DescriptionofGMOs 1.Livingorganismsthathavehadtheirgeneticmakeupmanipulatedina

laboratorya.Isolatingandremovinggeneticmaterial

b.Insertgeneticmaterialintoanotherorganism 2.Geneticmaterialsources a.Plantsand/oranimals b.Bacterialorviralmicroorganisms

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B.Purpose

1.Acquireamoredesirabletraita.Pestprotectionb.Herbicideresistancec.Improvednutritionalvalue

2.Timesavingmethod a.Produceslarger,higherqualitycrops b.Requireslesseffortandexpense C.Safety 1.Conceptofsubstantialequivalenceincompositionandnutritional

characteristics2.Since1992,theU.S.FoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)hasrequired

labelingofGMfoodsonlyifthefoodhasanutritionalorfoodsafetypropertythatissignificantlydifferentfromwhatconsumerswouldexpectofthatfood.Federalagenciesthatregulate:

a.U.S.DepartmentofAgriculture(USDA) b.U.S.EnvironmentalAgency(EPA) c.U.S.FederalInsecticide,Fungicide,andRodenticide(FIFRA)

D.Historicalperspectiveofgeneticmodification1.Ancientfarmers

a. Seedsfromfittestorganismsweresavedandplantedb. Selectivebreedingofstrongestanimals

2.GregorMendela. FatherofGeneticsb. MoravianmonkinAustriawholivedinAustriain1800sc. Experimentedbycrosspollinatingpeaplantsusingtweezers

andtinypaintbrushd. 1856recordedfindingsinjournal

3.Moderngeneticengineeringa. Powerfullaboratorytoolsandsophisticatedtechniquesb. FlavrSavrtomato

i.FirstFDAapprovedGMOfoodin1984ii.DevelopedinatCalgene,biotechcompanyinDavis,CAiii.GenethattriggeredrottingwasisolatedanditsDNA

wasreversedtoallowvineripeningbeforeshippingiv.TriggeredentryofGMOfoodsintoUSgrocerymarket

c.May,2005onebillionthacreofGEcropswasplantedIII.Concerns

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1.Humans

a.Infertilityb.Immunityproblemsc.Acceleratedagingd.Changesinmajororganse.Gastrointestinalissuesf.Insulinregulation

2.Environmenta.Superweedsb.Watercontaminationc.Harmfultobeneficialinsectsd.Lesssignificantinsectspronetobecomingpestse.PollenfromGMOcropsandtreescontaminatingsurroundingorganicorconventionallygrowncropsandtrees

IV.AgriculturalSustainabilityA.Definitionandmodel

1.Meetingtheneedsofthepresentgenerationwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirownneeds,BrundtlandCommission,1987

2.Threepillar(or3leggedstool)model a.Economicsupplyanddemandproductionvs.consumption b.Environmentalnaturalresourcesarefragileandlimited c.Socialglobalcitizenryandfairshare

B.ImpactofGMOs1. Importancetocurrentagriculturalsustainability

a.Meettheneedsofthepresentwithoutcompromisingtheneedsofthefutureb.Responsibilityofall(farmers,laborers,policymakers,researchers,retailers,andconsumers)

2. RoleofGMOsinthefuturea.Increasedtoxicityb.Decreasednutritionalvaluec.Antibioticresistance

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LESSON#1FromFieldtoHairFollicle:YouAreWhatYouEat

I.DEFINEOBJECTIVESANDCONTENTLESSONOBJECTIVE

Studentswillexamineandtrackthejourneyfoodtakesfromfarmsourcetoretailstoretotheirownpointofconsumption.

POINTTOPONDER

Ihaveenoughinformationaboutfoodsourcestomakewisechoicesformyownhealthandsocietysfuture.

ESSENTIALQUESTION

Wheredoesmyfoodreallycomefromandwhatisreallyinit?

CONTENTOutlinethecontentyouwillteachinthislesson.

I.OurFoodSourcesA. Currentfoodsupplysystem:global,national,local

perspectives1.Locationoffieldswhereproducegrown

a.Informationfoundonsamplelabelsb.Distancetravelledfromsource

i. ForeigncountriesgrocerystorefruitfromSouthandCentralAmerica,Mexico

ii. DifferentUSstatevegetablesfromCalifornia

iii. Localfarmsandfarmersmarketsavailability

2.Processedfoodsa.Ingredientlabellingexamples

i. Listitemsbutnotsourcesii. Whatelsemightwewanttoknow?

b.Agriculturalsourcevs.processinglocationofingredientsc.Approximately70%ofallprocessedfoodscontainatleastonegeneticallymodifiedorganism B.Youarewhatyoueat:molecularperspective

1.Isotopichairanalysisb. Hairiscontinuoustaperecorderofdietc. Cornfoundtobepredominantsourceof

carboninmanyAmericans 2.Developmentofgeneticallyengineeredcornnowprevalentindiet

d. AgriculturalscientistsintroducedGMcorninmid1990s

e. Productionofcornvastlyincreasedf. Usesbeyondcornonthecobvegetable

i. Byproductssuchascornsyrup,cornstarch

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ii. Feedforchickens,beefcattle

II.PREPLANNING

WhatwillstudentsUNDERSTANDasaresultofthislesson?HowdoesthisconnecttotheEssentialQuestion?

Studentswillunderstandthatwhiletheprocessofeatingseemssimple,thefoodsupplythatwetakeforgrantedistheresultofacomplexglobalsystemofsupply,production,anddelivery.Theywillbroadentheirperspectiveofwheretheirfoodreallycomesfrom.

WhatwillstudentsbeabletoDOasaresultofthislesson?

Studentswillbeabletoconsiderafoodproductfromtheperspectiveofwhereitsingredientsoriginatedandhowitarrivedattheirpointofconsumption.

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III.PLANNINGHOOKDescribehowyouwillgrabstudentsattentionatthebeginningofthelesson.BECREATIVE.

TIME:10minutesWewillintroducetheguidingquotation,Startwhereyouare.Usewhatyouhave.Dowhatyoucan.byArthurAshe,whichwillbeprominentlywrittenontheboardoraposter,andexplaintostudentsthatourunitwillapplythisphilosophytoincreasetheirawarenessandenhancetheirperspectivesonfoodsources,GMOs,andagriculturalsustainability.TodayshookwillemphasizeStartwhereyouare.WewillreadHowDidThatGettoMyTable:OrangeJuice?byPamRosenbergwhilestudentssipanOrangeBananaYogurtSmoothiesample.Thischildrensbookwillserveasabasisforstudentstoexaminetheircurrentlevelofawarenessoffoodsources.Asagroup,wewillbrainstormwhatinformationthebookdidnotprovide.(Itisintentionalthatthefruitintodayssmoothiehadalongjourney.)

INSTRUCTIONExplainStepbystepwhatyouwilldointhislesson.BeexplicitabouttiestoPointstoPonder,EssentialQuestion,andPerspectiveshere.IncludeALLsupportandteachingmaterialswithyourunit.

TIME:(5minutes)Studentswillanswerpointtoponderquestiononindividualpagecopies.Ihaveenoughinformationaboutfoodsourcestomakewisechoicesformyownhealthandsocietysfuture.Rateyourselfonascaleof1to10.Notinformed012345678910100%informedIwouldliketolearn...Teacherwillsay,Nowthatyouhaveabeginningperspectiveonwhereyouareinyourawarenessoffoodsources,wewillcontinuewithwhatyouhaveasresourcestoinformyourselvesandheightenyourawareness.(10minutes)StudentswilluselaptopcomputerstowatchTEDEdvideoentitledFoodandYou,http://ed.ted.com/on/7Y93o7Ig.(15minutes)AfterreadingthebriefarticleTheFastFoodFruit,http://nautil.us/issue/3/intransit/thefastfoodfruit,studentswillcompletefruittrackingactivitytoanswertheessentialquestion,wheredoesmyfoodreallycomefrom?Wewillgiveeachstudentproducelabelsfromdifferentcountries.TheywillpinlabelstoapostersizedworldmapandattachstringfromeachlabeltoapininWinterville,NC.TheywilluseGoogleMapstocalculatethedistancethatfruittravelledfromwhereitwasgrowntothelocalgrocerystore.Theywillattachapieceofpaperwiththedistancetoeachstring.(10minutes)Studentswillwatchthefirst6minutesofKingCornDVDtolearnhowcorncarbonisdetectedinhumanhaircellsandwhycornproductsandbyproductsareeverywhere.Wewillhaveashortgroupdiscussion.

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(10minutes)Wewillsummarizeandreviewhowweareusingwhatwehavetobroadenourperspectivesonwhereourfoodreallycomesfrom.Tomorrow,wewillturnourperspectivetofoodscontaininggeneticallymodifiedorganisms,GMOs.Youwillstartplanningtodowhatyoucantoraiseothersawarenessintheformofapersonalpositionstatement.

ASSESSMENT(PerformanceTask)WhatwillthestudentsDOtodemonstratethattheyhavemasteredthecontent?Bespecificandincludeactualassessmentwithunitmaterials.

TIME:10minutesStudentswillregisterasTEDEdusersandreturntothelessonentitledFoodandYou,http://ed.ted.com/on/7Y93o7Ig,toanswerquestions.1.ThisvideofocussesourperspectiveonconnectionsbetweenAourfoodBourhealthCtherestoftheworldDnoneoftheaboveEalloftheabove2.Wetakeourfoodsupplyforgranted.ATrueBFalse3.ThebusinessoffoodisbiggerandmorespecializedthaneverbecauseofallEXCEPTArisingdemandBgovernmentsupportpoliciesCconservationinitiativesDpopulationgrowthEnewtechnologies4.Inthe1980's,theaveragesupermarketstockedaround___productsnowithas___products.A2,35021,000B15,00050,000C8,00080,0005.Around60%offoodingredientsarepurchasedglobally,providingAlowerpricesBhealthierchoicesCgreaterselectionDAandCEalloftheabove6.Whydomanypeoplechoosejunkfoodinsteadofhealthyfood?AIt'sconvenient.BIttastesgood.CIt'slessexpensive.DAandBEalloftheabove7.TheUnitedStatesspends__ofeverydisposabledollaronfoodIndiaspends__Nigeriaspends__.A34cents27cents23centsB40cents70cents10centsC34cents27cents23centsD10cents40cents70cents

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8.ProductionanddeliveryoffoodusesvastamountsofallofthesefiniteresourcesEXCEPTAfossilfuelsBtitaniumCwaterDland9.Worldwide.agricultureuses___ofavailablefreshwater.A12%B35%ChalfD70%10.Inordertomeetchangingdietsandgrowingpopulations,theamountoffoodwillneedtodoubleinthenext___.AcenturyB40yearsCdecadeD5years11.Reconsideryourperspective.Ihaveenoughinformationaboutfoodsourcestomakewisechoicesformyownhealthandsocietysfuture.Rateyourselfonascaleof1to10.Notinformed012345678910100%informed

DOESTHEASSESSMENTALLOWYOUTODETERMINEWHETHERORNOTTHESTUDENTSHAVEMETYOURSTATEDLESSONOBJECTIVE? YESORNOASSESSMENTANDINSTRUCTIONALMATERIALSInsertALLmaterialshereincludingAssessmentsandInstructionalMaterials.ExplicitlyLISTanyadditionalfilesforthislesson.BesurethatALLmaterialshavebeensubmittedforthislesson. InstructionalMaterialsLaptopswithinternetaccessTrifoldboardwithquotation:Startwhereyouare.Usewhatyouhave.Dowhatyou

can.byArthurAsheRosenberg,P.(2010).HowDidThatGettoMyTable:OrangeJuice?AnnArbor:

CherryLake.Blender,cups,andOrangeBananaYogurtSmoothieingredients(1largebanana,

peeled,sliced,frozen1cupchilledorangejuice1/2cupplainnonfatyogurt4icecubes1tablespoonhoney)WewillusetypicalgrocerystoreingredientsthefirstdayandprogresstolocalWintervillefarmfruitandNCyogurtonDay4.

PostersizedworldmapProducelabelscollectedbyteachersfromwinterandspringgrocerytripsPushpinsandstringProjectororSmartboard

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KingCornDVDCopiesofPointtoPonderselfrating,3persheetName:Date:Ihaveenoughinformationaboutfoodsourcestomakewisechoicesformyownhealth

andsocietysfuture.Rateyourselfonascaleof1to10.Notinformed012345678910100%informedIwouldliketolearn...Name:Date:Ihaveenoughinformationaboutfoodsourcestomakewisechoicesformyownhealth

andsocietysfuture.Rateyourselfonascaleof1to10.Notinformed012345678910100%informedIwouldliketolearn...Name:Date:Ihaveenoughinformationaboutfoodsourcestomakewisechoicesformyownhealth

andsocietysfuture.Rateyourselfonascaleof1to10.

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Notinformed012345678910100%informedIwouldliketolearn...

TheFastFoodFruitThebananasjourneyfromtheplantationtoyouisone

longscienceproject.BYGLORIADAWSONILLUSTRATIONSBYJONATHONROSENJULY18,2013Atruckistravelingonthefreeway.Inside,stacksofbananasarepiledhigh.Pickeda

fewweeksagoataplantation,theyvetraveledoverseasinclimatecontrolledcargoships,theircolorstillgreenandunappetizing.Butthatwontlastforlong.Acolorlessgaswithafaint,sweet,andmuskyodorseepsfromanopenpouchplacedinsidethetruck,quietlytransformingthefruitenroute.Bythetimethetropicalfruitisinyourgrocerybasket,theyareagoldenyellow.

Thisisnotsciencefiction,butyetanotherattemptatperfectingthetropicalfruitdeliveryprocessanewripeningonthegotrickthatProfessorBheshBhandariandhisPh.D.studentBinhHoattheUniversityofQueensland,Australia,arenowexperimentingwith.Forthepasttwocenturies,bananashavetraveledtheworldbyallmodesoftransportation.Inthelate1800s,itwasbyrailroadstrackswerebuiltsolelyforbananatransport.Inthe1900s,bananasweretrekkedinrefrigeratedshipsgleamingwhitefleetswithradiotechnologythatallowedvesselstocoordinatetheirarrivaltimeswithharvestingschedules.Inhisbook,Banana:TheFateoftheFruitthatChangedtheWorld,DanKoeppelsaysthatthebananaindustryinventedfastfoodinaway.Abananamaybehealthierthanaburger,buthowitsbroughttoyouisnotallthatdifferent.Beforethefastfoodindustrylearnedtoprocess,pack,andshipinexpensivetemperaturecontrolledmeals,bananacarriershadalreadyperfectedtheirownshippingprocess.Ifyoulookatthemodeloftheindustrializedsupplychain,whattheyreallycameupwithwasalotclosertowhatafastfoodchaindoes,hesays.Theresultisbananasthatarriveatthemarketontheirfinalgreenday,andwhichwilllastexactlysevendaysbeforeturningbrown.

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Bythetimebananaslandonthesupermarketshelf,theirripeningprocesshasalreadybeencarefullyengineeredthroughtheuseofthreegases:ethylene,carbondioxide,andoxygen.Tobringthistropicalfruittodistantmarketsandhaveitbeedibleiskindofamazing,saysRandyPloetz,aprofessorofplantpathologyattheUniversityofFlorida.Itsprettymuchascience.

Itisindeed.Thebananaisaclimactericfruit,whichmeansthatoncetheripeningprocessbegins,youcantstopit,explainsPloetz.Sotheideaistoharvestthefruitswhentheyarematurebutnotripening.Whenbananabunchesarecutoffatharvest,theystarttoreleaseethylene,triggeringadecreaseofpectinandabreakdownofstarch,whichsoftensandsweetensthefruit.Aspartofthatsenescenceprocess,Ploetzadds,bananasalsoreleasecarbondioxide.Buthighlevelsofcarbondioxideandethylenewouldcausebananastoripentoofastorto

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spoilbeforetheyarrivetoconsumers.Likemanyotherclimactericfruits,bananasaresensitivetocarbondioxideifcarbondioxidelevelsrisetomorethan7percent,thefruitwillsoftenwhilestillgreenandwonttastegood.Sothetransportationcompaniesuseafullblownclimatecontrolsystemfortheircapriciouspassengers.Whenbananasareloadedontoaship,theyarecooledoffto54to58degreesFahrenheit,dependingonthelengthofthefuturevoyage,andthelevelsofoxygenandcarbondioxidearemaintainedat5percenteach,accordingtoCarrierTransicold,acompanythatdesignstrucksandshipstotransportbananasworldwide.Plus,humiditylevelsarekeptbetween90and95percent,tokeepthefruitmoist.

Abananamaybehealthierthanaburger,buthowitsbroughttoyouisnotallthatdifferent.

Beforebananasboardrefrigeratedshipsboundforforeignports,plantationworkersplaceatrackingdevicethatlookslikeacomplexcalculatorintoeachcratetorecordtheclimatecontroldatavitalforthefruitshealth.Thedevicestayswiththedaintytravelersthroughouttheentirejourneyuntiltheyarriveatastore.Sincethe1930s,bananasalwayshadtomakeastopoverbetweentheshipandthesupermarketnamelyataripeningroom,amassivewarehousewheretheyarenotonlyallowedtofinallyturnyellow,butaregassedwithethylenetoquickentheprocess.Suchroomsareexpensivetomaintain,andBhandariandHoareexperimentingwithripeningfruitsenroute.Butgassingfruitsinsidemovingtrucksisproblematicethyleneiscombustibleandcantsafelybeusedinlargevolumes.Sothescientistsdevelopedawaytostoreethyleneinapowderform.

Thenewinventionencapsulatesethyleneintomodifiedcyclodextrin,acompoundmadeupofsugarmoleculesboundtogetherinaringessentiallyaformofstarch.Cyclodextrinhascavitiesinitscrystallinestructurewhichcanentraptheethylenemolecules.CameronTurner,whoseroleattheuniversityistocommercializenewtechnologies,likensthestructuretoaneggcartonadegradableshellthathostsmoleculesratherthaneggs.Whenabagorboxofthepowderisopenedinatruckfullofproduce,thecyclodextrinscrystallinestructurebreaksdownbecauseofthehumidityintheairandbeginstoslowlyreleaseethyleneovertime.

Theeffortexertedinplanningandtransportingbananascanseem,well,bananas.Butbehonestyouwouldntgivegreenorbrownspottedversionsasecondglance.Youwanttheperfectlyripestuff,andthisiswhatBhandarandHochristenedtheirinvention.TheyplantobegintestingRipeStuffinatrialfleetoftruckswithinterestedcustomersin2014.Forthetimebeing,mostbananasstillhavetomaketheirfinalstopoversinripeningrooms.However,whenRipeStuffisreadytobeusedcommerciallytheresearchersestimateby2015thisalreadyfastfruitwillarriveatyourstoreevenfaster.Ploetzcallsbananatransportascienceasitis.Butwiththe

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decomposingcyclodextrinandthetimedreleaseofethylene,yourbananadeliverywillbecomeevenmoreofascienceprojectthaneverbefore.

GloriaDawsonisajournalistbasedinNewYorkCity,whereshewritesaboutscience,food,andasmatteringofothertopics.HerwritinghasappearedinTheWallStreetJournal,NationalGeographiconline,ModernFarmer,andQuartz,amongotherpublications.

Nautilusisadifferentkindofsciencemagazine.Wedeliverbigpicturesciencebyreportingonasinglemonthlytopicfrommultipleperspectives.ReadanewchapterinthestoryeveryThursday.

2015Nautilus,Allrightsreserved

ISSUE003

http://nautil.us/issue/3/intransit/thefastfoodfruit

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AssessmentMaterialsLaptopswithinternetaccessandTEDEdlessonentitledFoodandYou,

http://ed.ted.com/on/7Y93o7Ig

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LESSON#2GeneticallyModifiedOrganisms:What,Where,How,andWhy?

I.DEFINEOBJECTIVESANDCONTENTLESSONOBJECTIVE

StudentswillunderstandofGMOandnonGMOfoodsfromacellularDNA,historical,andagriculturalperspective.

POINTTOPONDER

Becausehumanshavetheabilitytomanipulatethegeneticmakeupoflivingorganisms,theyalsohavetheright.

ESSENTIALQUESTION

HowandwhyhaveGMOsbecomepartofourfoodsupplysystem?Isthatagoodthing?


II.GeneticallyModifiedOrganisms,GMOs A.DescriptionofGMOs 1.Livingorganismsthathavehadtheirgeneticmakeupmanipulatedina

laboratorya.Isolatingandremovinggeneticmaterial

b.Insertgeneticmaterialintoanotherorganism 2.Geneticmaterialsources a.Plantsand/oranimals b.Bacterialorviralmicroorganisms B.Purpose

1.Acquireamoredesirabletraita.Pestprotectionb.Herbicideresistancec.Improvednutritionalvalue

2.Timesavingmethod a.Produceslarger,higherqualitycrops b.Requireslesseffortandexpense C.Safety 1.Conceptofsubstantialequivalenceincompositionandnutritionalcharacteristics

2.Since1992,theU.S.FoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)hasrequiredlabelingofGMfoodsonlyifthefoodhasanutritionalorfoodsafetypropertythatissignificantlydifferentfromwhatconsumerswouldexpectofthatfood.Federalagenciesthatregulate:

a.U.S.DepartmentofAgriculture(USDA)

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b.U.S.EnvironmentalAgency(EPA) c.U.S.FederalInsecticide,Fungicide,andRodenticide(FIFRA)

D.Historicalperspectiveofgeneticmodification1.Ancientfarmers

e. Seedsfromfittestorganismsweresavedandplanted

f. Selectivebreedingofstrongestanimals

2.GregorMendelc. FatherofGeneticsd. MoravianmonkinAustriawholivedin

Austriain1800sg. Experimentedbycrosspollinatingpea

plantsusingtweezersandtinypaintbrush

h. 1856recordedfindingsinjournal3.Moderngeneticengineering

c. Powerfullaboratorytoolsandsophisticatedtechniques

d. FlavrSavrtomatoi.FirstFDAapprovedGMOfoodin

1984ii.DevelopedinatCalgene,biotech

companyinDavis,CAiii.Genethattriggeredrottingwas

isolatedanditsDNAwasreversedtoallowvineripeningbeforeshipping

iv.TriggeredentryofGMOfoodsintoUSgrocerymarket

c.May,2005onebillionthacreofGEcropswasplanted

II.PREPLANNINGWhatwillstudentsUNDERSTANDasaresultofthis

Studentswillunderstandhowandwhygeneticallymodifiedorganismsbecamepartofourfoodsupplysystem?

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lesson?HowdoesthisconnecttotheEssentialQuestion?

StudentswillbegintodeveloptheirownpersonalperspectivesconcerningthepurposeanduseGMOs.


Describeandvisualizetheprocessofgenesplicingasitiscurrentlydone.Listbothprosandconsofgeneticengineeringandusethatinformationtoformapersonalopinion.

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TIME:5minutesWrittenontheboard:WhatisyourperspectiveofthisquotefromPajamaSam,Youarewhatyoueat,fromyourheaddowntoyourfeet?Thinkaboutthatcorninyourhair.Howmuchdoyoureallyknowaboutit?OpentheTEDEdlessonentitledGeneticallyModifiedCorn,http://ed.ted.com/on/aowX4IUg.


TIME:40minutesStudentswill:takeathreequestion,paperbasedorelectronicbased(SurveyMonkey)surveyrelatedtoGMOknowledge,takeanonlinefoodliteracyquiz(15questions)athttp://www.nourishlife.org/learn/foodliteracyquizTeacherswillpresentabrieflectureonthematerialinthislessonscontentoutline.Studentswill:drawonpaperasimpletimelineofGMOs.engineeracrop(InternetInteractiveActivity)http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/harvest/engineer/TeacherswillshowCFSAFs2minutevideosupportingGMOshttp://coalitionforsafeaffordablefood.org/benefitsofbiotechnologypartsofGrowingDoubt,18minutevideoopposingGMOshttp://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/campaigns/agriculture/problem/geneticengineering/growingdoubt/(2012)Teachersandstudentswilldiscussthefollowingquestions.Howdoyoufeelabouteatingfoodthatmaycontainingredientsmadefromgeneticallymodifiedcrops?Shouldyouhaveachoice?Shouldsuchproductsbeclearlylabeled?newbillinCongressjustintroducedonMarch25http://thehill.com/regulation/237268gmobillintensifiesfederalfoodfighthttps://www.congress.gov/bill/114thcongress/housebill/1599/textProsandConsActivityforlabelingGMOfoodscreatedfrompositionstatementsandarticles:http://www.ext.colostate.edu/pubs/foodnut/09371.htmlhttp://fortune.com/2015/04/27/gmo6chipotlecrops/(2015)http://www.mtseedtrade.com/index.php?page=gmopositionstatement(2014)http://www.aaas.org/sites/default/files/AAAS_GM_statement.pdf(2012)

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https://www.unfi.com/ProductsAndServices/Documents/UNF_PositionStatement__GMOs.pdf(2007)https://corporate.publix.com/aboutpublix/publixfaq/positionstatements(20??)http://factsaboutgmos.org/disclosurestatement(20??)http://www.businessinsider.com/neildegrassetysonbelievesingmos20147(2014)http://getamoveon.fb.org/PDFs/NorthCarolina&GMOs.pdf(2015)http://coalitionforsafeaffordablefood.org/benefitsofbiotechnology/http://www.forbes.com/sites/jonentine/2014/08/25/whyliberalamericansareturningagainstgmolabeling/2/(2014)http://www.businessinsider.com/billnyesstanceongmos20153


TIME:25minutesDesignaGMO:Ifyoucouldengineeranorganism,whatwouldyouengineer,andwhy?Whatimpactwouldyourgeneticallymodifiedorganismhaveontheenvironment/society?Studentswillwriteaparagraphaddressingthequestion,andthendrawapictureoftheirengineeredorganism.Havestudentssharetheirorganismswiththegroup.

DOESTHEASSESSMENTALLOWYOUTODETERMINEWHETHERORNOTTHESTUDENTSHAVEMETYOURSTATEDLESSONOBJECTIVE? YESORNOASSESSMENTANDINSTRUCTIONALMATERIALSInsertALLmaterialshereincludingAssessmentsandInstructionalMaterials.ExplicitlyLISTanyadditionalfilesforthislesson.BesurethatALLmaterialshavebeensubmittedforthislesson.15QuestionOnlineFoodLiteracyQuizLaptops,iPads,and/orLCDProjectorpapercrayons/markersscissorspencil(s)

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LESSON#3GMOs:MostlyGoodorMostlyBad?

I.DEFINEOBJECTIVESANDCONTENT

LESSONOBJECTIVE

Studentswillexaminetheimpact(s)ofgeneticallymodifiedorganismsastheydeveloptheirownperspectivesontheprosandcons.

POINTTOPONDER

Geneticallymodifiedorganismsarebothhelpfulandharmful.

ESSENTIALQUESTION

IsthepresenceofGMOsinthefoodsupplysystemmorebeneficialordetrimental?Howhasyourperspectivechanged?


ImpactofGMOs:

Over80%ofallGMOsgrownworldwideareengineeredforherbicidetolerance.Asaresult,useoftoxicherbicideslikeRounduphasincreased15timessinceGMOswereintroduced.GMOcropsarealsoresponsiblefortheemergenceofsuperweedsandsuperbugs:whichcanonlybekilledwithevermoretoxicpoisonslike2,4D(amajoringredientinAgentOrange).GMOsareadirectextensionofchemicalagriculture,andaredevelopedandsoldbytheworldsbiggestchemicalcompanies.ThelongtermimpactsofGMOsareunknown,andoncereleasedintotheenvironmentthesenovelorganismscannotberecalled.GMOsarenovellifeforms,biotechnologycompanieshavebeenabletoobtainpatentswithwhichtorestricttheiruse.Asaresult,thecompaniesthatmakeGMOsnowhavethepowertosuefarmerswhosefieldsarecontaminatedwithGMOs,evenwhenitistheresultofinevitabledriftfromneighboringfields.GMOsthereforeposeaseriousthreattofarmersovereigntyandtothenationalfoodsecurityofanycountrywheretheyaregrown,includingtheUnitedStates.

1. GMOsimportancetocurrentagriculturalsustainability:

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Morefood:Theseplantscanhelpfarmersboosttheiryieldbymakingcropsthatcanlivethroughadroughtorthecoldandresistdisease.BackerssayGMproductswillhelpusfeedtheextra2billionpeoplethatwillfilltheplanetby2050.Notusingthesetoolswouldpushusback40to50yearsinfoodproduction,saysKentBradford,PhD,distinguishedprofessorofplantsciencesanddirectoroftheSeedBiotechnologyCenterattheUniversityofCalifornia,Davis.

Lessstressontheenvironment:Supporterssayusingsciencetomakethechangesisbetterfortheplanetthanolderfarmingmethods.Cropsbuilttoresistpestslowerfarmersneedfortoxicchemicalpesticides,Goldsteinsays.Theyalsorequirelesssoiltobetilled,reduce

Betterproducts:Scientistscancreatecropsthatcontainvitalnutrients.Swissresearcherscreatedastrainofgoldenricewithhighamountsofbetacarotene.Monsantoproducedsoybeanswithlotsofhearthealthyomega3fattyacids.Othercrops,likepapayaandcassava,canbemadetowithstanddisease.Naturallyoccurringmolds(ifwedontpreventthembycreatingGMcrops)presenthugehealthhazards,Bradfordsays.Whyrejectatechnologythathasthepotentialtobenefitsomanypeopleworldwide?

a.Meettheneedsofthepresentwithoutcompromisingtheneedsofthefuture

b.Responsibilityofall(farmers,laborers,policymakers,researchers,retailers,andconsumers)

RoleofGMOsinthefuturea.Increasedtoxicityb.Decreasednutritionalvaluec.Antibioticresistance

II.PREPLANNING

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WhatwillstudentsUNDERSTANDasaresultofthislesson?HowdoesthisconnecttotheEssentialQuestion?

ThestudentswillunderstandtheimportanceofGMOstocurrentsustainabilityandthepositive/negativeroleofGMOsinthefuture.


Thestudentswilldevelopandsupporttheirargumentfororagainsttheuseofgeneticallymodifiedorganisms.

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TIME:10minutesWrittenontheboard:YouareinvitedtodiscussGMOsonalocalmorningnewsprogram.Whatwillbeyourtalkingpoints?Workwithapartnertocomeupwithabrieflist.


TIME:(5minutes)Asagroup,wewillviewanddiscussSecondBarcode,averyshortvideoadvocatinglabelsforGMOfoods,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j8ia8Kq_DwE(20minutes)StudentswilluselaptopcomputerstofollowTEDEdlessonentitledKids'RighttoKnowAboutThatGMO,http://ed.ted.com/on/9EkwCU5S.

Studentswillmakeanddefendaclaimbasedonevidenceabout

geneticallymodifiedorganismsthatreflectsscientificknowledge

andstudentgeneratedevidence.

HarvestofFearUsetheHarvestofFearwebsitehttp://www.pbs.org/wgbh/harvest/

toanswerthefollowingquestions:1.Whatisageneticallymodifiedorganism?2.Giveexamplesofgeneticallymodifiedorganismsfoundinourfood.3.WhilesearchingtheHarvestofFearwebsitelisttheprosandconsofgeneticallymodifiedorganismsfoundinourfood.

PROS

CONS

ASSESSMENT TIME:30minutes

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(PerformanceTask)WhatwillthestudentsDOtodemonstratethattheyhavemasteredthecontent?Bespecificandincludeactualassessmentwithunitmaterials.

StudentswilldevelopandsupporttheirargumentforuseofgeneticallymodifiedorganismsorcompletetheWebActivity. TheResearchQuestion:IstheuseofGeneticallyModifiedcornbeneficialtofeedourworld

oraretheyadisasterwaitingtohappen?

YourClaim:

YourEvidence:

YourJustificationoftheEvidence:

DOESTHEASSESSMENTALLOWYOUTODETERMINEWHETHERORNOTTHESTUDENTSHAVEMETYOURSTATEDLESSONOBJECTIVE? YESORNOASSESSMENTANDINSTRUCTIONALMATERIALSInsertALLmaterialshereincludingAssessmentsandInstructionalMaterials.ExplicitlyLISTanyadditionalfilesforthislesson.BesurethatALLmaterialshavebeensubmittedforthislesson.Filloutthefollowingtablestatingyourclaimandindicatetheevidenceyouhave

collectedtojustifyyourclaim

TheResearchQuestion:

IstheuseofGeneticallyModifiedcornbeneficialtofeedourworldoraretheya

disasterwaitingtohappen?

YourClaim:

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YourEvidence:

YourJustificationofthe

Evidence:

Listtheargumentsoftheothersanddevelopyourcounterargumenttothemandrecord

yourresponseintheRebuttalColumn

IsupportGeneticallyModifiedCorn IamagainstGeneticallyModified

Corn

Argument#1 Rebuttal

Rebuttal Argument#1

Argument#2 Rebuttal

Rebuttal Argument#2

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WebActivity:GeneticallyModifiedFoods

1.Beginbygoingtothewebsitehttp://www.pbs.org/wgbh/harvest/.

2.ClickontheShouldWeGrowGMCropsbutton,readandfollowthedirections.

3.Youshouldhavegonethroughsixargumentsregardingtheuseofgeneticfoods.

Afterreadingthesearguments,howdoyoufeelabouttheuseofgeneticallymodified

foods.Aftercompletionoftheinclasswebactivityathometypeupashortresponse

(23paragraphs)onyourfeelingsoftheuseofgeneticallymodifiedfoods.

4.Whenyougettothelastargumentclickonreadalltwelveargumentsandanswer

thefollowingquestionsundereachargument.

a.WhatifyouknewthatdetractorsfearthatGMfoodsmightposehealthrisks

forcertainpeople?

1.WhywouldpeoplewithallergiesbeconcernedaboutGMfoods?

2.Howcangeneticallymodifiedfoodsaffectcertainbacteriainhumans?

b.WhatifyouknewthatproponentsassertthatGMfoodswillpromisemany

healthbenefits?

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1.WhataresomehealthspecificreasonsthatGMfoodscouldleavetraditionalcropsin

thedust?

2.Whatisgoldenriceandwhyisitimportanttodevelopingcountries?

3.Whatarepharmaceuticalfoods?

c.WhatifyouknewthatmanyfeelGMcroptechnologywillhurtsmallfarmers?

1.WhydoGMfoodsgiveanadvantagetolargercompanies?

2.HowcouldpoorfarmersbecomeaffectedbytheuseofGMfoodsinricher

countries?

3.Whataresomeproblemswithrelyingonmonoculturesoffood?

d.WhatifyouknewthatGMpatronsinsistthatfarmerswillreapgreatbenefits

frombiotechnology?

1.Listsomereasonswhyinsectrepellentcropswouldhelpoutfarmersinthe

longrun.

2.Howwouldnaturalherbicidesinplantshelpfarmersinthelongrun?

3.Whataresomeotherfeaturesthatcouldbebredintoplantsusing

biotechnology?

e.WhatifyouknewthatopponentsfearthatGMcropscouldharmthe

environment?

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1.Whatdidthe1999NaturearticleshowregardingtheMonarchbutterfly?

2.Whatdocriticsofthe1999Naturearticlesayregardingthisstudy?

3.Whyarepeopleworriedthattherewillbenewsuperbugsorsuperplants?How

couldthishappen?

f.WhatifyouknewthatadvocatesmaintainthatGMtechnologywillhelpthe

environment?

1.Whatare4problemsofsprayingpesticidesonplants?

2.WhatdidtheEPAfindin1999inregardstosprayingpesticidesoncotton

plants?

3.Listtwowaystostopcrosspollinationofplants.

4.WhatarebufferzonesandhowwouldtheybeusedonGMplants?

g.Whatifyouknewthatmanypeoplefeelgeneticallymodifyingorganismsgoes

againstNature?

1.Whatgenedidscientistsplaceintostrawberries?Whatwasthisgene

designedtodo?

2.WhydovegetariansandthosepracticingreligionbeagainstGMfoods?

h.Whatifyouknewthatscientistssubmitthatgeneticallymodifyingplantsis

completelynatural?

1.Whatspecieshavewemodifiedfromamustardplant?

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2.Whathasbeendonetofruitsandvegetablessuchasgrapesandpotatoes?

3.Whataresomeadvantagesofgenetechnologyoverlongtermplant

breeding?

i.Whatifyouknewthatmanycriticsinveighagainstbiotechcompaniesforbeing

profitdriven,withlittleconcernforpotentialriskstopeopleornature?

1.Inarushtopromotebioengineeredfoodswhatdopeoplefeelthatfirms

underestimate?

2.WhatistheOrwelliantheoryoffarmingdevelopment?

j.WhatifyouknewthatcompaniesthatfashionGMseedsmaintainthatGM

cropsholdthegreatesthopeforadequatelyfeedingourrapidlyexpandingworld

population?

1.Whyisinnovationimportantinthebiotechworld?

2.Whatwillbesomeresultsofinnovationinthebiotechworld?

3.WhydoesGMfarminghavegreaterpromisethangeneralfarming?

k.WhatifyouknewthatmanycriticsassertthatGMfoodssufferfrom

dangerouslypooroversightandregulation?

1.In1998whatpercentageofworldgrownGMfoodscamefromtheUnited

States?

2.WhatthreegovernmentbodiesoverseeGMfoods?

3.WhydopeoplecomplainabouttheFDAoverseeingGMfoods?

4.WhattypeoflabelsareneededintheUnitedStatesaccordingtotheFDA?

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l.WhatifyouknewthatGMseedcompaniesmaintainthatGMcropsarethemost

thoroughlytestedandhighlyregulatedfoodplantsoutthere?

1.WhydobiotechfirmssaythatGMfoodsarethoroughlytested?

2.HowdoscientiststestfortoxicityofproteinsinGMfoods?

3.Listandexplaintwotypesofallergenicfoodsdescribedinthissection.

4.WhatthreeagenciesoverlookGMfoodsandwhatistheresponsibilityof

each?

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LESSON#4FarmersMarketsandGMOs:TheImpactontheFutureofourFood

I.DEFINEOBJECTIVESANDCONTENT

LESSONOBJECTIVE

StudentswillwillfocusonhowlocalfarmingandfoodenterprisescontributetoagriculturalsustainabilityastheydevelopconcludingperspectivesonGMOversusnonGMOfoods.

POINTTOPONDER

LocalfoodsupplyenterprisesareviableoptionstoGMOsandgiantagribusinesscompanies.

ESSENTIALQUESTION

DoIthinkitisimportanttosupportnonGMOlocallygrownandproducedfoods?


IV.AgriculturalSustainabilityA.Definitionandmodel

1.Meetingtheneedsofthepresentgenerationwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirownneeds,BrundtlandCommission,1987

2.Threepillar(or3leggedstool)model a.Economicsupplyanddemandproductionvs.consumption b.Environmentalnaturalresourcesarefragileandlimited c.Socialglobalcitizenryandfairshare

II.PREPLANNINGWhatwillstudentsUNDERSTANDasaresultofthislesson?HowdoesthisconnecttotheEssentialQuestion?

Studentswillunderstandthattheycanchoosewheretheirfoodreallycomesfrom,thattheyhavetheoptiontobuyfoodfromlocalsourcesorglobalenterprises.


Studentswillhavetheknowledgeandawarenessmakewisechoices.

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TIME:10minutesWrittenontheboard:AgriculturalSustainabilityUsestraws,andapaperplatetomakethis3leggedstoolmodel.(Picturedrawnonboard,ourexampledisplayed.)Howdoesthemodelhelpyouunderstandthisdefinition?Meetingtheneedsofthepresentgenerationwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirownneeds,BrundtlandCommission,1987


TIME:(5minutes)Teacherwillprojectthefollowinggraphicsduringadiscussionofthehook:http://sustainabilityadvantage.com/wpcontent/uploads/2010/07/Blog072010Slide2.jpghttp://images.huffingtonpost.com/20131001tblstool.pnghttp://www.cias.wisc.edu/curriculum/images/imagesclip_image002.jpghttp://sustainability.ncsu.edu/wpcontent/uploads/2010/12/ThreeLeggedPic.jpghttp://sustainablemeasures.com/Training/Images/Balanced.gif(15minutes)Studentswillmakeavirtualshoppingtriptoalocalfarmersmarketviathewebsite,http://www.farmersfreshmarket.org/easterncarolinafoodventures.(40minutes)Studentswillworkontheirfinalprojectstosharetheirperspectivetoraiseothersawarenessintheformofapublicserviceannouncement,brochure,orbriefdebatableopinion.MakesmoothieswithlocallygrownnonGMOingredients.


TIME:StudentswillrevisitDay1spointtoponderquestiononindividualpagecopies.Ihaveenoughinformationaboutfoodsourcestomakewisechoicesformyownhealthandsocietysfuture.Rateyourselfonascaleof1to10.Notinformed012345678910100%informedIhavelearnedStudentswillfinalizeprojects.

DOESTHEASSESSMENTALLOWYOUTODETERMINEWHETHERORNOTTHESTUDENTSHAVEMETYOURSTATEDLESSONOBJECTIVE? YESORNO

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ASSESSMENTANDINSTRUCTIONALMATERIALSInsertALLmaterialshereincludingAssessmentsandInstructionalMaterials.ExplicitlyLISTanyadditionalfilesforthislesson.BesurethatALLmaterialshavebeensubmittedforthislesson. InstructionalMaterialsLaptopswithinternetaccessTrifoldboardwithquotation:Startwhereyouare.Usewhatyouhave.Dowhatyou

can.byArthurAsheStraws,paperplates,PlaydohBlender,cups,andlocalingredientsforsmoothiesPostersizedworldmap

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Name:Date:Ihaveenoughinformationaboutfoodsourcestomakewisechoicesformyownhealthandsocietysfuture.Rateyourselfonascaleof1to10.Notinformed012345678910100%informedIhavelearned...



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