unit 9: chemical bonding...textbook chapter 12 review book chapter 6 dec 14:59 pm what is a chemical...

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Bonding Intro 2016.notebook 1 March 18, 2016 Dec 14:53 PM Unit 9: Chemical Bonding Aim: Why do atoms bond? What kinds of bonds can they form? Textbook Chapter 12 Review Book Chapter 6 Dec 14:59 PM What is a chemical bond? A chemical bond is a sharing or transfer of valence electrons from one atom to another Dec 15:12 PM Why do elements bond? Atoms bond to become more stable. Two ways that bonding results in a more stable atom: Form a stable electron configuration (stable octet) Forming a bond releases energy Lower energy results in a more stable substance. Dec 15:01 PM Electronegativity is the property that determines the type of bond an atom will form with different types of elements. Large electronegativity difference: electrons are transferred. No electronegativity difference: electrons are shared equally. Small electronegativity difference: electrons are shared unequally. In the main types of chemical bonds electrons are either transferred, shared or mobile.

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Page 1: Unit 9: Chemical Bonding...Textbook Chapter 12 Review Book Chapter 6 Dec 14:59 PM What is a chemical bond? A chemical bond is a sharing or transfer of valence electrons from one atom

Bonding Intro 2016.notebook

1

March 18, 2016

Dec 1­4:53 PM

Unit 9: Chemical Bonding

Aim: Why do atoms bond? What kinds of bonds can they form?

Textbook Chapter 12Review Book Chapter 6

Dec 1­4:59 PM

What is a chemical bond?

A chemical bond is a sharing or transfer of valence electrons from one atom to another

Dec 1­5:12 PM

Why do elements bond?

Atoms bond to become more stable.

Two ways that bonding results in a more stable atom:• Form a stable electron configuration (stable octet)

• Forming a bond releases energy­Lower energy results in a more stable substance.

Dec 1­5:01 PM

Electronegativity is the property that determines the type of bond an atom will form with different types of elements.

Large electronegativity difference: electrons are transferred.

No electronegativity difference: electrons are shared equally.

Small electronegativity difference: electrons are shared unequally.

In the main types of chemical bonds electrons are either transferred, shared or mobile.

Page 2: Unit 9: Chemical Bonding...Textbook Chapter 12 Review Book Chapter 6 Dec 14:59 PM What is a chemical bond? A chemical bond is a sharing or transfer of valence electrons from one atom

Bonding Intro 2016.notebook

2

March 18, 2016

Dec 1­5:12 PM

METALLIC BONDS• A metallic bond forms between atoms of the SAME metal ONLY

• There is an attraction between the valence electrons and all of the metal cations which causes the e­ to be mobile.

• A metallic bond contains a “sea of mobile electrons”

Dec 1­5:12 PM

IONIC BONDS

• The bond is an attraction between the oppositely charged IONS• Ionic compounds are called “Salts”• Ionic bonds have an E.N. difference of 1.7 or greater.• Ionic bonding also occurs in compounds that contain a polyatomic ion 

An ionic bond is formed when electrons are transferred from the metal to the nonmetal to give each atom a stable octet.

Dec 1­5:41 PM

COVALENT BONDSA covalent bond is formed when two nonmetal atoms share a pair of electrons in order to achieve a stable octet

Dec 1­5:30 PM

Types of Covalent Bonds

NONPOLAR COVALENT POLAR COVALENTBOND BOND

Cl HH H

Polar covalent bonds occur between two different nonmetal atoms.

Unequal sharing of electrons

EN difference range of 0 ­1.7

Nonpolar covalent bonds occur between two identical nonmetal atoms.

Equal sharing of electrons

EN difference between atoms = 0

Page 3: Unit 9: Chemical Bonding...Textbook Chapter 12 Review Book Chapter 6 Dec 14:59 PM What is a chemical bond? A chemical bond is a sharing or transfer of valence electrons from one atom

Bonding Intro 2016.notebook

3

March 18, 2016

Dec 1­5:43 PM

Covalent Bonds

How many electrons are shared in each of these bonds?

SINGLE BOND DOUBLE BOND TRIPLE BOND