The Periodic Table

Unit 8 – Physical Science

Extended Periodic Table

Metals

Metalloids

Nonmetals

Periodic Table

• Periods: horizontal rows in the periodic table.

Periodic Table

• Families: vertical columns in the periodic table, also known as groups.

Periodic Table

• First Two Families: S-orbitals

S1 S2

S-orbitals

4s2 5s2 7s2

3s22s2

Each s-orbital can hold 2 electrons

Periodic Table

• Families: vertical columns in the periodic table, also known as groups.

1s2s3s4s5s6s7s

P-orbitals

2px

2py 2pz

Each set of p-orbitals can hold 6 electrons

But, all individual orbitals hold 2 electrons

P-orbitals

2p3p4p5p6p7p

Periodic Table

• Li 1s22s1

• Valence Electrons: Families represent the electrons that are involved in the bonding of atoms and generally occupy the outermost s and p orbitals.

Periodic Table• Valence Electrons: Families represent the electrons that are

involved in the bonding of atoms and generally occupy the outermost s and p orbitals.

• Li 1s22s1

• Be 1s22s2

Periodic Table• Valence Electrons: Families represent the electrons that are

involved in the bonding of atoms and generally occupy the outermost s and p orbitals.

• B 1s22s22p1

Periodic Table• Valence Electrons: Families represent the electrons that are

involved in the bonding of atoms and generally occupy the outermost s and p orbitals.

• B 1s22s22p1

Periodic Table• Valence Electrons: Families represent the electrons that are

involved in the bonding of atoms and generally occupy the outermost s and p orbitals.

• B 1s22s22p1

• C 1s22s22p2

Periodic Table• Valence Electrons: Families represent the electrons that are

involved in the bonding of atoms and generally occupy the outermost s and p orbitals.

• B 1s22s22p1

• C 1s22s22p2

• N 1s22s22p3

Periodic Table• Valence Electrons: Families represent the electrons that are

involved in the bonding of atoms and generally occupy the outermost s and p orbitals.

• B 1s22s22p1

• C 1s22s22p2

• N 1s22s22p3

• O 1s22s22p4

Periodic Table• Valence Electrons: Families represent the electrons that are

involved in the bonding of atoms and generally occupy the outermost s and p orbitals.

• B 1s22s22p1

• C 1s22s22p2

• N 1s22s22p3

• O 1s22s22p4

• F 1s22s22p5

O 1s22s22p4

Periodic Table• Valence Electrons: Families represent the electrons that are

involved in the bonding of atoms and generally occupy the outermost s and p orbitals.

• Ne 1s22s22p6

Periodic Table• Valence Electrons: Families represent the electrons that are

involved in the bonding of atoms and generally occupy the outermost s and p orbitals.

• Ne 1s22s22p6

• Na 1s22s22p63s1

Periodic Table• Valence Electrons: Families represent the electrons that are

involved in the bonding of atoms and generally occupy the outermost s and p orbitals.

• Ne 1s22s22p6

• Na 1s22s22p63s1

• Mg ????????

This is the secret question

Periodic Table• Valence Electrons: Families represent the electrons that are

involved in the bonding of atoms and generally occupy the outermost s and p orbitals.

• Ne 1s22s22p6

• Na 1s22s22p63s1

• Mg 1s22s22p63s2

Periodic Table• Valence Electrons: Families represent the electrons that are

involved in the bonding of atoms and generally occupy the outermost s and p orbitals.

• F 1s22s22p5

Halogens

Periodic Table• Valence Electrons: Families represent the electrons that are

involved in the bonding of atoms and generally occupy the outermost s and p orbitals.

• F 1s22s22p5

• Cl 1s22s22p63s23p5

Halogens

Periodic Table• Valence Electrons: Families represent the electrons that are

involved in the bonding of atoms and generally occupy the outermost s and p orbitals.

• F 1s22s22p5

• Cl 1s22s22p63s23p5

• Br 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p5

Halogens

Alkali Metals

s1

Alkaline Earth Metals

s2

Boron Family

s2p1

Carbon Family

s2p2

Nitrogen Family

s2p3

Oxygen Family

s2p4

Halogens

s2p5

Noble Gas Family

s2p6

Transition Metals

s2d#

Lanthanide Series

s2d1f#

Actinide Series

s2d1f#g#

Transuranium Elements

All are artificial elements!