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Unit 7 Vocabulary 1.Watson & Crick 2.Rosalind Franklin 3.DNA 4.What are the 3 parts of DNA? 5.What 4 bases does DNA use? 6.Nucleotide 7.complementary bases 8.complementary strands 9.What makes strands complementary? 10.DNA replication 11.Helicase 12.DNA polymerase 13.Why must DNA be replicated? 14.Is DNA replication a part of mitosis, meiosis, or both? 15.RNA 16.What are the 3 parts of RNA? 17.What 4 bases does RNA use? 18.messenger RNA (mRNA) 19.Transcription 20.RNA polymerase 21.ribosomal RNA (rRNA) 22.Translation 23.transfer RNA (tRNA) 24.Codon 25.AUG 26.UGA, UAA, UAG 27.Anticodon 28.amino acids 29.Polypeptide 30.Protein 31.Ribosome 32.central dogma of molecular biology 33.Enzyme 34.Chromosome 35.Gene 36.Trait 37.Mutation 38.Mutagen 39.Nondisjunction 40.Deletion 41.Duplication 42.Inversion 43.Translocation 44.Substitution 45.Downs syndrome 46.eugenics

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Unit 7 Vocabulary 1.Watson & Crick- scientists who discovered the structure of DNA in 1953 James WatsonFrancis Crick Rosalind Franklin Franklins Picture of DNA 2. Rosalind Franklin- scientist who first photographed DNA

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Unit 7 Vocabulary 3. DNA- hereditary molecule that carries genetic code for proteins (traits) 4. What are the 3 parts of DNA?- deoxyribose sugar, phosphate group, base (A, T, C, G) 5. What 4 bases does DNA use?- adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine

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Unit 7 Vocabulary 6. nucleotide- the building block of DNA & RNA; composed of a phosphate group, sugar, and base 7. complementary bases- bases that chemically bond together, such as A-T or C-G 8. complementary strands- long strings of bases that chemically bond together, such as GATTACA and CTAATGT 9. What makes strands complementary? all of their bases are complementary to each other

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Unit 7 Vocabulary 10. DNA replication- the process of making two identical molecules of DNA 11. DNA polymerase- enzyme that aids in DNA replication by adding complementary nucleotides to template strand 12. ligase- enzyme that aids in DNA replication by connecting segments of nucleotides

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Unit 7 Vocabulary 13. Why must DNA be replicated?- so that there is a complete copy of DNA for each new daughter cell when a cell divides 14. Is DNA replication a part of mitosis, meiosis, or both?- both Growth DNA Replication

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Unit 7 Vocabulary 15. RNA- ribonucleic acid; a nucleic acid that is used as a temporary genetic code 16. What are the 3 parts of RNA?- ribose sugar, phosphate group, base (A, U, C, G) 17. What 4 bases does RNA use?- adenine, uracil, cytosine, guanine

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RNA DNA RNA polymerase Nucleus Unit 7 Vocabulary 18. messenger RNA (mRNA)- molecule that carries the code of DNA in the nucleus to the rest of the cell 19. Transcription- the process of synthesizing RNA using DNA as a template 20. RNA polymerase- enzyme that synthesizes RNA using DNA as a template 21. ribosomal RNA (rRNA)- the type of RNA that is folded to create a ribosome

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anticodon amino acid Unit 7 Vocabulary 22. translation- the process of creating a polypeptide chain using the genetic code carried by mRNA 23. transfer RNA (tRNA)- molecule that transfers amino acids to the ribosome

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Unit 7 Vocabulary 24. codon- a group of 3 nucleotides (bases) that codes for 1 amino acid 25. AUG- the start codon; also codes for methionine 26. UGA, UAA, UAG- the stop codons; do not code for any amino acid but instead terminate translation Codon = 3 nucleotides

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Unit 7 Vocabulary 27. anticodon- 3 nucleotides on a tRNA molecule that complement a mRNA codon anticodon amino acid

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Unit 7 Vocabulary 28. amino acids- the building blocks of proteins; 20 types 29. polypeptide- a long chain of bonded amino acids 30. protein- a folded polypeptide Polypeptide Protein

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Unit 7 Vocabulary 31. ribosome- the organelle responsible for linking together amino acids; the protein factories of the cell

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Unit 7 Vocabulary 32. central dogma of molecular biology- the concept that in cells, information always flows from DNA, to RNA, to protein and not in any other order. DNA RNA Protein

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Unit 7 Vocabulary 33. enzyme- a biological catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions, such as DNA polymerase

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Unit 7 Vocabulary 34. chromosome- a molecule of DNA that contains 100s to 1000s of genes 35. gene- the factors that are passed from parent to offspring; code for a trait 36. trait- a specific characteristic, such as height, of an individual

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Unit 7 Vocabulary 37. mutation- a change in the sequence of DNA; may be positive, negative, or have no effect 38. mutagen- a substance that causes mutations; Ex: UV light

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Unit 7 Vocabulary 39. nondisjunction- the failure of chromosomes to separate during meiosis; leads to the production of gametes with too many and too few chromosomes

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Unit 7 Vocabulary 40. deletion- when a segment of chromosome is lost 41. duplication- when a segment of a chromosomes is copied, resulting in two identical segments 42. inversion- when segments(s) of a chromosome change location on the chromosome 43. translocation- when two non- homologous chromosomes cross over, resulting in a change of location of many gnes

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Unit 7 Vocabulary 44. substitution- a type of gene mutation where one base is replaced with another Substitutions:

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Unit 7 Vocabulary 45. Downs syndrome- a genetic disorder where a person have 3 copies of chromosome #21, resulting in a total of 47 chromosomes

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Unit 7 Vocabulary 46. eugenics- the science of improving a human population through selective breeding practices