UNIT 7UNIT 7

MODERN MODERN SPAIN ISPAIN I

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIONINDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION(1760-1820)(1760-1820)

It began in Great Britain in the 18th and It began in Great Britain in the 18th and 19th century and spread across Europe 19th century and spread across Europe later.later.

It was a period of discoveries that It was a period of discoveries that permitted a faster production:permitted a faster production:

- The Steam Engine.- The Steam Engine.- Flying Shuttle and Spinning Jenny.- Flying Shuttle and Spinning Jenny.

People moved from rural areas to the cities People moved from rural areas to the cities to look for a better life to look for a better life Problems:Problems:

- Bad work conditions: they worked the - Bad work conditions: they worked the whole day for a low salary. whole day for a low salary.- Cities were overcrowded- Cities were overcrowded..

THE FRENCH REVOLUTION THE FRENCH REVOLUTION (1789)(1789)

It began the 14th of July with the It began the 14th of July with the StormingStorming of of the Bastille. the Bastille.

French people rose up against the monarchy it French people rose up against the monarchy it meant the end of absolutism,meant the end of absolutism, of unlimited powerof unlimited power

for a king and the beginning of new liberal ideas. for a king and the beginning of new liberal ideas.

Powers are divided: executive (laws), judicial Powers are divided: executive (laws), judicial (justice) and executive (government).(justice) and executive (government).

All citizens were recognised as EQUAL and men All citizens were recognised as EQUAL and men could vote.could vote.

King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette are King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette are beheaded by guillotine. beheaded by guillotine.

NAPOLEON BONAPARTE became emperor of NAPOLEON BONAPARTE became emperor of France.France.

SPAIN IN THE 18TH AND 19TH SPAIN IN THE 18TH AND 19TH CENTURYCENTURY

Carlos IV came to the Spanish throne in 1788.

He signed the Treaty of Fontainebleau (1807) with Napoleon Bonaparte.

– They agreed to invade Portugal and divide it between each other but France used this alliance to invade Spain.

His son, Fernando opposed to the agreement, led the Mutiny of Aranjuez in 1808 and it forced Carlos IV to abdicate in his favour. in his favour.

Napoleon then forced Fernando to abdicateNapoleon then forced Fernando to abdicate and put his brother, Joseph Bonaparte, on the and put his brother, Joseph Bonaparte, on the

throne. throne.

When Napoleon conquered Spain… On 2nd May 1808 there was a revolt

(uprising)in Madrid against the French. This was the beginning of the Spanish

War of Independence. There was also a civil war in Spain

about who the monarch should be.

IN 1812: ¡VIVA LA PEPA!The Spanish rebels based their government

in Cádiz, where they approved a newLIBERAL Constitution: freedom of the pressequality for allvoting rights for all men over 18 freedom of expressionnational sovereigntya constitutional monarchy

In 1814, The Spanish with the help of The British defeated In 1814, The Spanish with the help of The British defeated Napoleón and Fernando VII came to the throne. His reign is Napoleón and Fernando VII came to the throne. His reign is divided three periods: divided three periods:

(1814-1820) (1814-1820) Absolutism:Absolutism: - - He became an absolute monarch.He became an absolute monarch.

- He declared the Constitution illegal and abolished it.- He declared the Constitution illegal and abolished it.

(1820-1823) (1820-1823) The liberal triennium:The liberal triennium:

- Rafael del Riego l- Rafael del Riego led a ed a mutinymutiny in Spain. He demanded to bring in Spain. He demanded to bring

back the Constitution and Fernando agreed.back the Constitution and Fernando agreed.

- In 1823, Fernando gained support from other absolutist - In 1823, Fernando gained support from other absolutist

Europen Countries and revoked the Constitution of 1812 again!Europen Countries and revoked the Constitution of 1812 again!

(1823-1833) (1823-1833) Omnious decade:Omnious decade:- Period of repressions and problem of succession.

Problems of succession: Salic Law.Problems of succession: Salic Law.

Fernando´s brother Carlos would have been king Fernando´s brother Carlos would have been king

next but Fernando chose his daughter, Isabel.next but Fernando chose his daughter, Isabel.

Problems: Problems:

- Fernando died and Isabel was only 3 years old.- Fernando died and Isabel was only 3 years old.

- Isabel´s mother, Maria Cristina, and General - Isabel´s mother, Maria Cristina, and General

Espartero ruled as Espartero ruled as regentsregents for 10 years, until Isabel for 10 years, until Isabel

turned 13 years old.turned 13 years old.

- Fernando´s brother Carlos was very angry- Fernando´s brother Carlos was very angryhe he

revolted, which resulted in the revolted, which resulted in the Carlist wars.Carlist wars.

CARLIST WARS CARLIST WARS (1833-1839), Spain was divided into two groups.

- The Liberals: They supported Isabel. They fought for a more liberal Spain and wanted the Constitution of 1812 again.

- The Conservatives (Carlists):They supported Carlos and they fought for a traditional, absolutist Spain.

The Liberals won and Spain becamea parliamentary monarchy political inestability and conflicts which led toIsabel’s exile in 1868.

With no monarch in charge, a With no monarch in charge, a provisional government drew up provisional government drew up the Constitution of 1869.the Constitution of 1869.

SPANISH COLONIES IN THE 19TH SPANISH COLONIES IN THE 19TH CENTURYCENTURY

Most of the colonies gained and fighted for

their independence between 1810 and 1825.

By the end of thecentury, Spain had lostall of them.

WHY DID SPAIN LOSE THE WHY DID SPAIN LOSE THE COLONIES?COLONIES?

1.The colonies were influenced by liberal ideas of the French Revolution and America’s independence from Britain : They wanted more rights and freedom.

2. During the War of Independence, Spain was busy

fighting against the French, and lost control over the colonies.

Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Phillipines were lost in a war Spain fought against USA SPANISH-AMERICAN

WAR (1898).

HOW DID SOCIETY CHANGE IN THE HOW DID SOCIETY CHANGE IN THE 19TH CENUTRY?19TH CENUTRY?

Upper class:Upper class:(( upper upper bourgeoisie)bourgeoisie) Nobility, rich factory owners and bankersNobility, rich factory owners and bankers

Middle class:Middle class: (bourgeoisie) merchants, (bourgeoisie) merchants, doctors, lawyers and small landowners.doctors, lawyers and small landowners.

Working class: (proletariat)Working class: (proletariat) low-paid low-paid agricultural workers and labourers from agricultural workers and labourers from rural areas. Factory workers in urban rural areas. Factory workers in urban areasareasVery little chance to improve their Very little chance to improve their social status.social status.

Working class demanded improvementsWorking class demanded improvementsin their wages and working conditions in their wages and working conditions started organising into associationsstarted organising into associations((unions).unions).