WS/FCS Unit Planning Organizer

Subject(s) Social Studies Conceptual Lenses Grade/Course 6th grade • Influence

• Trade • Resources • Movement

Unit of Study Unit 7 Unit Title Ancient Civilizations of Africa Pacing 13 days

Unit Overview

The points of focus for this unit are the effects of the physical features on the settlement and movement of African peoples, and trade among the various regions of Africa.

Geography: • Physical features & climate zones • Influences of physical features and climate zones on settlement and movement

Sub-Saharan Civilizations:

• Bantu-Speaking People o Social structure & cultural characteristics o Bantu migration from Niger River valley- causes & effects

• East Africa o Axum

� Location benefits & shapes economy o Zimbabwe

� Availability of resources influenced economy � Theories about the decline of civilization in Zimbabwe

o East African city-states � Location and trade with Arabs influence development

• West Africa o Ghana

� Location creates economic opportunity o Mali

� Taxation of goods passing through impacts quality of life � Mansa Musa’s leadership and impact on Mali

o Songhai � Rise and fall of kingdom related to economic decisions

Unit Enduring Understanding(s) Unit Essential Question(s)

• The availability of resources can lead to economic and political power over a region.

• Movement of goods and people influences culture.

• How can the availability of resources lead to economic and political power over a region?

• How does the movement of goods and people influence culture?

Essential State Standards

Priority Objectives Supporting Objectives

� 6.H.2.1 Explain how invasions, conquests, and migrations affected various civilizations, societies, and regions.

� 6.G.1.1 Explain how the physical features and human characteristics of a place influenced the development of civilizations, societies and regions.

� 6.G.1.2 Explain the factors that influenced the movement of people, goods, and ideas and the effects of that movement on societies and regions over time.

� 6.E.1.1 Explain how conflict, compromise, and negotiation over the availability of resources impacted the economic development of various civilizations, societies and regions.

� 6.E.1.2 Explain how quality of life is impacted by economic choices of civilizations, societies and regions.

6.H.2.4 Explain the role that key historical figures and cultural groups had in transforming society.

6.C.1.2 Explain how religion transformed various societies, civilizations and regions.

6.C.1.3 Summarize systems of social structure within various civilizations and societies over time.

“Unpacked” Concepts (students need to know)

“Unpacked” Skills (students need to be able to do)

COGNITION (RBT Level)

� 6.H.2.1 how invasions, conquests, and migrations affected various civilizations, societies, and regions.

� 6.G.1.1 how the physical features and human characteristics of a place influenced the development of civilizations, societies and regions.

� 6.H.2.1 Explain invasions, conquests, and migrations affected civilizations

� 6.G.1.1 Explain how the physical features and human characteristics of a place influenced the development of civilizations, societies and regions.

6.H.2.1 Understand 6.G.1.1 Understand

� 6.G.1.2 the factors that influenced the movement of people, goods, and ideas and the effects of that movement on societies and regions over time.

� 6.E.1.1 how conflict, compromise, and negotiation over the availability of resources impacted the economic development

� 6.E.1.2 how quality of life is impacted by economic choices

� 6.G.1.2 Explain the factors that influenced the movement of people, goods, and ideas and the effects of that movement on societies and regions over time.

� 6.E.1.1 Explain how conflict, compromise, and negotiation over the availability of resources impacted the economic development

� 6.E.1.2 Explain how quality of life is impacted by economic choices

6.G.1.2 Understand 6.E.1.1 Understand 6.E.1.2 Understand

Essential Vocabulary Enrichment Vocabulary Desert Savannah Rain forest Taxation Merchant Theory Decline Characteristics Benefit Influence Development Impact Matrilineal Patrilineal

Scholars Mosque Swahili

Enrichment Factual Content Axum’s conversion to Christianity Construction of stone towers of Zimbabwe Nubia Kalahari Desert Plants and Animals of Africa Indigenous religions

Unit “Chunking”

& Enduring Understandings

Suggested Lesson

Essential Questions

Potential Factual Content

North Carolina

Essential Standards

Geography

What are the major physical features and climate zones of Africa?

• Nile, Niger, Congo, & Zambezi Rivers

• Sahara & Kalahari Deserts • Great Rift Valley • Mt. Kilimajaro • Lake Victoria • Rainforest • Desert • Savanna

• Mediterranean/Chaparral

6.G.1.1 Explain how the physical features and human characteristics of a place influenced the development of civilizations, societies and regions.

How did the physical geography of Africa influence the development of civilizations and the movement of people, goods, and ideas?

• Deserts • Rainforests • Rivers • Availability of resources • Access to water

6.G.1.2 Explain the factors that influenced the movement of people, goods, and ideas and the effects of that movement on societies and regions over time.

Bantu-Speaking Peoples

What were common characteristics of culture and social structure among the early Bantu-speaking tribes?

• Earliest groups lived in area around the Niger River

• Importance of family- primary social structure is extended family (clan)

• Clan was often political unit- power rested in group of elders

• Kingdoms developed as multiple clans came together- led by leader of most powerful clan

• Patrilineal vs. Matrilineal societies (~15% were matrilineal)

• Marriage was agreement between families/clans: bridewealth, polygamy

• Women had significant roles in society- advisors to male leaders/family

6.C.1.3 Summarize systems of social structure within various civilizations and societies over time.

members, farming, caring for home and family

• Societies were polytheistic

What were the causes and effects of the Bantu migration?

• Initial move away from Niger River: o Iron-making- iron axes

and hoes allowed Bantu to cut down trees & farm

o Trade network with east coast brought yams & bananas that grew well in rainforest

• Population growth caused family groups to move- cycle continued as Bantu move across Africa

• Cultural diffusion as Bantu encountered groups- farming techniques, iron making, language

6.G.1.2 Explain the factors that influenced the movement of people, goods, and ideas and the effects of that movement on societies and regions over time.

6.H.2.1 Explain how invasions, conquests, and migrations affected various civilizations, societies, and regions.

East Africa How did the location of Axum benefit and influence the development of society?

• Adulus located on Red Sea

• Easy access to ocean made Adulus more desirable than Meroe (capital of Kush and former trade hub of East)

• Merchants came to buy goods from African interior

• Axum became a powerful kingdom because of trade

• Minted their own coins • Introduction of Christianity

6.G.1.1 Explain how the physical features and human characteristics of a place influenced the development of civilizations, societies and regions. 6.G.1.2 Explain the factors that influenced the movement of people, goods, and ideas and the effects of that movement on societies and regions over time.

Why did Zimbabwe grow to be a great trading city-state?

• Location on trade route from African interior to East Coast

• Availability of gold and copper

• Taxation on goods passing through

• “Great Zimbabwe”

6.E.1.1 Explain how conflict, compromise, and negotiation over the availability of resources impacted the economic development of various civilizations, societies and regions.

What theories have been used to explain the sudden decline of Zimbabwe?

• Farming and grazing of cattle overused the land and location could no longer support the large population

• Rise of two neighboring states- Torwa and Mutapa

6.G.1.1 Explain how the physical features and human characteristics of a place influenced the development of civilizations, societies and regions. 6.G.1.2 Explain the factors that influenced the movement of people, goods, and ideas and the effects of that movement on societies and regions over time.

How did trade influence the development of East African city-states?

• Asian and Arab traders settled in the coastal cities

• Many Arab merchants grew wealthy from international trade & lived in luxury in these cities

• Iron ore, ivory, slaves, & gold traded from Africa

• Populations & culture of city-states began to change as Bantu-speaking people mixed & intermarried with the Arabs o Adoption of Islam o Swahili

6.H.2.1 Explain how invasions, conquests, and migrations affected various civilizations, societies, and regions.

West Africa How did Ghana’s location influence the development of their civilization?

• Located near large deposits of gold

• Mined the gold and traded with North Africa for salt

• Taxed salt coming into and gold going out of Ghana

• Taxes created great wealth • Trade coming into and out

of Ghana also brought new ideas- Islam introduced

6.G.1.1 Explain how the physical features and human characteristics of a place influenced the development of civilizations, societies and regions. 6.E.1.2 Explain how quality of life is impacted by economic choices of civilizations, societies and regions.

How did the decisions of Mansa Musa transform and impact society?

• Taxation on trade through Mali increased wealth o Mansa Musa won the

loyalty of people by giving them gold, property & horses

• Conversion to Islam • Pilgrimage to Mecca o Spent so lavishly while traveling that value of gold fell in places like Egypt

• Returned with architects and scholars to Timbuktu

• Timbuktu became center of Islamic learning

6.H.2.4 Explain the role that key historical figures and cultural groups had in transforming society.

6.E.1.2 Explain how quality of life is impacted by economic choices of civilizations, societies and regions.

6.C.1.2 Explain how religion transformed various societies, civilizations and regions.

How was Songhai’s success and decline related to economic decisions?

• Mali was weakened by Berber invaders from the North and rebels from within.

• Gao broke away and soon became the center of trade in the Songhai kingdom

• Songhai leader, Sunni Ali, wanted control of the gold & salt trade- captured areas around Timbuktu

• Other leaders expanded the kingdom (and tax base)

• Continued taxation on all goods traveling into and out of the kingdom

• Songhai king later refused to pay a tax on salt from Taghaza mines,and Morocco’s king invaded- caused the end of kingdom

6.H.2.1 Explain how invasions, conquests, and migrations affected various civilizations, societies, and regions. 6.E.1.1 Explain how conflict, compromise, and negotiation over the availability of resources impacted the economic development of various civilizations, societies and regions.

6.E.1.2 Explain how quality of life is impacted by economic choices of civilizations, societies and regions.

Sub Concepts

HISTORY Conflict Patterns

GEOGRAPHY Migration Physical features

CIVICS & GOVERNMENT Power Government Systems

ECONOMICS Taxation Competition

CULTURE Religion Assimilation

Language Objective EXAMPLES

• Key Vocabulary LO: SWBAT define and explain the terms desert, savannah, rainforest.

• Language Functions LO: SWBAT explain how geography affects the movement of people, goods and ideas?

• Language Skills LO: SWBAT read two passages about the kingdoms of West Africa and

identify the similarities and differences between them. (Reading passages should be chosen/modified in accordance with the LEP students’ zone of proximal development).

• Grammar and Language LO: SWBAT use comparatives in writing assignments (more than, less than, greater, shorter, longer, etc.) by comparing the control of trade routes in different regions of Africa. Ex. West African kingdoms used taxation more than East African kingdoms did.

• Lesson Tasks LO: SWBAT read and summarize a passage about the influence of Islam and explain this summary to a group.

• Language Learning Strategy LO: SWBAT develop a cause/effect graphic organizer analyzing and identifying the causes and effects of Islamic cultural diffusion (The linguistic load will vary from LEP student to LEP student. Level 1-2 LEP students may need a word bank or other supplement to complete this activity using this strategy).