unit 6 text analysis workshop
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Unit 6 Text Analysis Workshop. Grab notebooks!. Strong arguments include…. Claim: writer’s position on issue Support: reasons & evidence to support claim Counterargument: acknowledges objections the “other side” might make and negates them. Steps to Evaluating an Argument. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Unit 6 Text Analysis WorkshopGrab notebooks!
Strong arguments include…1. Claim: writer’s position on issue2. Support: reasons & evidence to support
claim3. Counterargument: acknowledges
objections the “other side” might make and negates them
Steps to Evaluating an Argument
1. Identify the claimRead through the whole articleDetermine the claim, or their opinionClaim is often stated in form of a
generalization, a broad statement covering many situations
Ex of generalization: “Every eligible citizen should be required to vote”
Steps to Evaluating an Argument2. Examine the evidence (how the author supports claim)
Logical Appeals use convincing reasons and evidence to appeal to a person’s logicoReasons explain why the author holds the opinion, ex:
“Citizens should be required to vote because only then will elected officials represent all the people.”
oEvidence is specific info that is used to back up a reason.
oTypes of evidence: facts, statistics (number facts), examples, and quotes by experts
Watch for errors in logic such as hasty generalizations, or conclusions drawn from too little evidence oEx: Our student body president is doing a terrible job
and he is a guy. Boys should not be allowed to run for student council.
Steps to Evaluating an Argument
2. Examine the evidence cont.Emotional Appeals stir feelings, though
are not necessarily fact based. Authors use emotional appeal because they know it might override reasonoLoaded words-words with strong
emotional connotations or associations)oAnecdotes- brief stories or personal
accounts of an event.
Steps to Evaluating an Argument3. Consider the counterargument
Has the writer dealt with objections?
Turn to pg. 633Complete the Close Read questions for
Model 1 and Model 2I MIGHT collect them (Muwhahahaha)
PROPAGANDA: techniques used to influence opinions, emotions, attitudes or
behavior.
Persuasive Techniques
(Otherwise known as: PROPAGANDA)
Who uses propaganda?MilitaryMediaAdvertisersPoliticiansYou and I!!!
Propaganda TechniquesBandwagon TechniqueTestimonialLoaded WordMisuse of statisticsAppeal to fearAppeal to pityEthical appealPlain FolksSnob Appeal Transfer
Bandwagon Technique
Everyone is doing it! You should too!!!
TestimonialA famous person
endorses a product
Loaded WordUse “loaded” words like . . . newimprovedbestsuper
Misuse of Statistics
When the statistics are based on a falsehood.
Appeal to Fear
Motivates by fear
Appeal to pity Uses strong emotions of sympathy or pity
to motivate
Ethical AppealTaps into value’s or moral standards
“If you believe in education, vote against cutting after-school programs. With your help, we can keep these programs going strong.”
Plain Folks• Makes the leaders look like common people (mom and pop
style).
Transfer
-Feelings (good or bad)are transferred to something else.
Transfer tries to make you view something in the same way as they view something else.
In the Kerry vs. Bush campaign, an internet email circulated showing similar physical characteristics between John Kerry and a Frankenstein monster.
Another example: “Take pride in being an American. Vote for John Doe!”
PRACTICE:What type of propaganda technique is used in the
following ad?A. Bandwagon
B. Loaded Words
C. Testimonial
D. Name-Calling
E. Plain Folks
F. Snob Appeal
G. Misuse of Statistics
H. Transfer
B. Loaded word
What type of propaganda technique is used in the following
ad?A. Bandwagon
B. Loaded Words
C. Testimonial
D. Name-Calling
E. Plain Folks
F. Snob Appeal
G. Misuse of Statistics
H. Transfer
C. Testimonial
C. Testimonial
Loaded Word
What type of propaganda technique is used in the following ad?
A. BandwagonB. Loaded WordsC. TestimonialD. Name-CallingE. Plain FolksF. Snob AppealG. Misuse of StatisticsH. Transfer
A. Bandwagon
What type of propaganda technique is used in the following ad?
C. Testimonial
A. Bandwagon
B. Loaded Words
C. Testimonial
D. Name-Calling
E. Plain Folks
F. Snob Appeal
G. Misuse of Statistics
H. Transfer
What type of propaganda technique is used in the following ad?
Loaded Word
A. BandwagonB. Loaded WordsC. TestimonialD. Name-CallingE. Plain FolksF. Snob AppealG. Misuse of
StatisticsH. Transfer
What type of propaganda technique is used in the following ad?
Bandwagon
A. BandwagonB. Loaded WordsC. TestimonialD. Name-CallingE. Plain FolksF. Snob AppealG. Misuse of StatisticsH. Transfer
What type of propaganda is this?
Misuse of Statistics4 out of 5 vets recommend 4 out of 5 vets recommend Iams to help your dog live Iams to help your dog live healthier, longer.healthier, longer.
A. BandwagonB. Loaded WordsC. TestimonialD. Name-CallingE. Plain FolksF. Snob AppealG. Misuse of StatisticsH. Transfer
What type of propaganda is this?
Transfer
A. Bandwagon
B. Loaded Words
C. Testimonial
D. Name-Calling
E. Plain Folks
F. Snob Appeal
G. Misuse of Statistics
H. Transfer
What type of propaganda is this?
A. Bandwagon
B. Loaded Words
C. Testimonial
D. Name-Calling
E. Plain Folks
F. Snob Appeal
G. Misuse of Statistics
H. Transfer
Testimonial
Turn to pg. 635Complete the Close Read questions for
Model 1 and Model 2
Rhetorical DevicesRhetoric- powerful languageRhetorical devices:
RepetitionParallelismAnalogiesRhetorical questions
RepetitionUse same word or words more than once
for emphasis
Ex: “Freedom leads to prosperity. Freedom replaces the ancient hatreds among the nations with comity and peace. Freedom is the victor.”
---Ronald Regan
ParallelismUses similar grammatical constructions to
express ideas that are related or equal in importance
Often creates a rhythm
AnalogyComparison between to things
The captain is to his ship as the leader is to his tribe
Pupils are more like oysters than sausages. The job of teaching is not to stuff them and then seal them up, but to help them open and reveal the riches within. There are pearls in each of us, if only we knew how to cultivate them with ardor and persistence.(Sydney J. Harris, "What True Education Should Do," 1964)
Rhetorical QuestionsQuestions asked to make a point with no
expectation of an answer
Ex: "If your friend jumped off the bridge would
you do it too?" "You don't think I'm that stupid, do you?""Is the sky blue?" "Is the Pope Catholic?"
Turn to pg. 636Answer the 2 Close Read Questions for the
sample reading