unit 6 – lecture 1. review work = force * distance measured in joules [newton meters] this remains...
TRANSCRIPT
Unit 6 – Lecture 1
ReviewWork = Force * distance
measured in Joules [newton meters]this remains true using effort force
or resistance force
Power = Work / timemeasured in Joules per second
Mechanical Advantage = Force(out) / Force(in)
Efficiency = Work(out) / Work(in) * 100
MachinesA Simple Machine accomplishes the work in
one motion.
A Compound Machine is made up of two or more simple machines. Most machines are compound machines.
Simple MachinesThere are six types of simple machines:
LeverWheel-and-AxlePulleyInclined PlaneWedgeScrew
Helpful NoteALL of the equations for the mechanical
advantage of different types of machines will be given to you for the test [which will take place tentatively on Monday, 2/8].
Ideal vs. Actual Mechanical EfficiencyIdeal = according to the equationActual = taking into account the efficiencyex: MA = 2 but machine only has a 94%
efficiency2 = the ideal MA2* .94 = actual efficiency. MA = 1.88
LeverA Lever is comprised of:
a bar (straight or curved)a fixed point called the
fulcrum on which the bar pivots
Bar
Fulcrum
LeverThe distance from where the effort force is
applied to the fulcrum is the Effort Arm of the lever.this is where your effort is done
Effort Arm
LeverThe distance from the fulcrum to where the
resistance force is applied is the Resistance Arm.
Resistance Arm
LeverThere are three classes of levers:
class is determined by where the location of the effort force, resistance force (load), and the fulcrum
Lever1st class lever:
see-Saw (Teeter-Totter)prying up a lid by
pushing down on a barpairs: scissors, pliers,
hedgeclippers
Lever2nd class lever:
doorwheelbarrow armspairs: shears,
nutcracker
Lever3rd class lever:
NOTE: MA = < 1 effort increases to increase distance of
loadtweezers!anything you swing
bat, sword, stick, golf clubbrooms, rakes, mops
MALeverThe MA of a lever is calculated as:
MALever = Effort Arm Resistance Arm
(again, both in units of length, so there are no
MA units)
The longer the effort arm, the more the MA[the better it is for you]recall: increase distance, less force
PracticeWhat is the MA of a lever with an Effort Arm
of 6 m and a Resistance Arm of .3 m?
Which type of lever does not increase the force output of the machine?
If a lever has a MA of 9, and a force of 6 N is applied, how much force will the lever apply?
Wheel-and-AxleWheel & Axle - a simple machine made of two
circles of different diameters that rotate together.The outer circle (wheel) is turned with less
force over a larger distance so that the inner circle (axle) turns with more force over a shorter distance.
Ex. Steering wheels, door knobs, faucet handles
MAWheel&Axle
MA = radiusWheel
radiusAxle
Explains how to steer larger vehicles with less force
PracticeWhat is the MA of a Wheel with a 50 cm
radius connected to an Axle with a 2.5 cm radius?
PulleyPulley - a simple machine comprised of a
wheel with a rope or chain running around it.The MA of a pulley system is equal to the
number of ropes which support the object, because the weight is distributed.
MA = 1no
difference
MA = 2no
difference
MA = 3no
difference
MA = 4no
difference
PulleyThere are two types of pulleys
Fixeddo not move,
merely redirect force
Moveableattached to the object
being pulled and multiply forcerises and falls with the object
PulleyBlock and Tackle System - a multiple-pulley
system where large amounts of distance are converted into force.composed of a fixed pulley & a moveable
pulleyMA = number of supporting ropes
PracticeWhat is the MA of this pulley system?
2
What is the effort force?[give in pounds of force]35 lbs
PracticeWhat is the MA of this pulley system?
3
What is the effort force?[give in pounds of force]23.3 lbs
PracticeWhat is the Force Output of this pulley
system?50 N