unit 5 : part a unit 5 : part a 21st century college english: book 2 holding on to a dream

Unit 5 : Part AUnit 5 : Part A

21st Century College English: Book 221st Century College English: Book 2

Holding On To A DreamHolding On To A Dream

• Pre-reading Activities

• Intensive Study

• Exercises

• Assignment

Pre-reading ActivitiesPre-reading Activities

• Preview

• Pre-reading Listening

• Video

• Background Background

InformationInformation

• Structure

IIn a market-driven economy the splendid tradition of n a market-driven economy the splendid tradition of student poverty is becoming less fashionable. And as every student poverty is becoming less fashionable. And as every student is painfully aware, scholarships have a sad tendency student is painfully aware, scholarships have a sad tendency not to keep up with the cost of living. As a result, more and not to keep up with the cost of living. As a result, more and more students all over the world are facing the same more students all over the world are facing the same problem: how to balance work and school. The passages problem: how to balance work and school. The passages you’re going to read in this unit examine not only the down-you’re going to read in this unit examine not only the down-to-earth realities of finding a job and working your way to-earth realities of finding a job and working your way through school, but also how difficult (and sometimes through school, but also how difficult (and sometimes humorous!) it can be to separate academic theory from the humorous!) it can be to separate academic theory from the demands of the working world.demands of the working world.

Pre-reading Activities: PreviewPre-reading Activities: Preview

PreviewPreview

Hero

singer: Mariah Carey

There's a heroIf you look inside your heartYou don't have to be afraid

Of what you areThere's an answer

If you __________your soulAnd the sorrow that you know

Will ___________*And then a hero __________

With the strength to _________And you cast your fears_______ And you know you can survive

So when you feel like hope is goneLook inside you and be strongAnd you'll finally see the truth

That a hero lies in you*

reach into

melt away

comes alongcarry on

aside

It's a long road

When you face the world aloneNo one reaches out a hand

For you to holdYou can find love

If you search within yourselfAnd the emptiness you felt

Will disappearrepeat**

Lord knowsDreams are hard to follow

But don't let anyoneTear them awayJust __________

There will be tomorrowAnd in time

You'll find the wayrepeat **

hold on

Background InformationBackground Information

In American colleges and In American colleges and universities, all students have universities, all students have faculty advisors with whom to faculty advisors with whom to discuss their academic discuss their academic programs. Each student, programs. Each student, however, is responsible for however, is responsible for knowing and meeting the knowing and meeting the requirements for graduation. requirements for graduation. Except for required courses Except for required courses (such as freshman composition (such as freshman composition the first quarter), students may the first quarter), students may select their own classes each select their own classes each quarter. Their usual schedule is quarter. Their usual schedule is three courses each quarter, three courses each quarter, two courses being the two courses being the minimum unless a student minimum unless a student receives special permission. A receives special permission. A student may not register for student may not register for four or more courses in any four or more courses in any quarter.quarter.

The structure of Text AThe structure of Text AThe structure of Text AThe structure of Text A

I.I. Introduction of the heroine and her dream.Introduction of the heroine and her dream.I.I. Introduction of the heroine and her dream.Introduction of the heroine and her dream.

II.II. Her problem to be solved—financial problem Her problem to be solved—financial problem for her university education. for her university education.

II.II. Her problem to be solved—financial problem Her problem to be solved—financial problem for her university education. for her university education.

III.III. Solution to the problem enables her to become Solution to the problem enables her to become a real student (part of her dream realized.)a real student (part of her dream realized.)

III.III. Solution to the problem enables her to become Solution to the problem enables her to become a real student (part of her dream realized.)a real student (part of her dream realized.)

IV.IV. Another big problem—how to strike balance Another big problem—how to strike balance between work and school.between work and school.

IV.IV. Another big problem—how to strike balance Another big problem—how to strike balance between work and school.between work and school.

V.V. Solution to the second problem and getting her Solution to the second problem and getting her BA (dream realized).BA (dream realized).

V.V. Solution to the second problem and getting her Solution to the second problem and getting her BA (dream realized).BA (dream realized).

Para. 1Para. 1Para. 1Para. 1


Paras. 3-7Paras. 3-7Paras. 3-7Paras. 3-7


Paras. 9-11Paras. 9-11Paras. 9-11Paras. 9-11

VI.VI. Conclusion: If you get put down once, just get Conclusion: If you get put down once, just get back up there and keep fighting (moral of the back up there and keep fighting (moral of the story)story)

VI.VI. Conclusion: If you get put down once, just get Conclusion: If you get put down once, just get back up there and keep fighting (moral of the back up there and keep fighting (moral of the story)story) Para.12Para.12Para.12Para.12

III.III. Solution to the problem enables her to become a real Solution to the problem enables her to become a real student (part of her dream realized.)student (part of her dream realized.)

III.III. Solution to the problem enables her to become a real Solution to the problem enables her to become a real student (part of her dream realized.)student (part of her dream realized.)

She was finally a college student in the fall of 1990She was finally a college student in the fall of 1990She was finally a college student in the fall of 1990She was finally a college student in the fall of 1990Paras. 7Paras. 7Paras. 7Paras. 7

She called the financial-aid office for adviceShe called the financial-aid office for adviceShe called the financial-aid office for adviceShe called the financial-aid office for advice Para. 3Para. 3Para. 3Para. 3

She found a job at a restaurantShe found a job at a restaurantShe found a job at a restaurantShe found a job at a restaurant Para. 4Para. 4Para. 4Para. 4

She found another job in her apartment building.She found another job in her apartment building.She found another job in her apartment building.She found another job in her apartment building.Paras. 5Paras. 5Paras. 5Paras. 5

She found a job as a secretary in a small companyShe found a job as a secretary in a small companyShe found a job as a secretary in a small companyShe found a job as a secretary in a small companyParas. 6Paras. 6Paras. 6Paras. 6

V.V. Solution to the second problem and getting her BA Solution to the second problem and getting her BA (dream realized).(dream realized).

V.V. Solution to the second problem and getting her BA Solution to the second problem and getting her BA (dream realized).(dream realized).

Her pursuit of archaeology Her pursuit of archaeology Her pursuit of archaeology Her pursuit of archaeology Para. 9Para. 9Para. 9Para. 9

Working three jobs while enrolling at a local Working three jobs while enrolling at a local community college.community college.

Working three jobs while enrolling at a local Working three jobs while enrolling at a local community college.community college. Para. 10Para. 10Para. 10Para. 10

She was finally awarded her BA in 1996She was finally awarded her BA in 1996She was finally awarded her BA in 1996She was finally awarded her BA in 1996 Paras. 11Paras. 11Paras. 11Paras. 11

Pre-reading Activities: ListeningPre-reading Activities: Listening

BBefore listening to the tape, briefly describe the efore listening to the tape, briefly describe the forms of financial support that students in China or forms of financial support that students in China or elsewhere can get. What are the advantages and elsewhere can get. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each?disadvantages of each?

scholarshipscholarship grantsgrants student loansstudent loanspart-time jobspart-time jobs work/study programswork/study programs parentsparents

Warm-up DiscussionWarm-up Discussion


AAss you listen to the tape, circle the form(s) of aid you listen to the tape, circle the form(s) of aid that Priscilla is most interested in.that Priscilla is most interested in.

ListeningListening

Check-upCheck-upCheck-upCheck-up

scholarshipsscholarships grantsgrants student loansstudent loanspart-time jobspart-time jobs work/study programswork/study programs parentsparents


AAss you listen to the tape, circle the form(s) of aid you listen to the tape, circle the form(s) of aid that Priscilla is most interested in.that Priscilla is most interested in.

ListeningListening

ScriptScriptScriptScript

scholarshipscholarship grantsgrants student loansstudent loanspart-time jobspart-time jobs work/study programswork/study programs parentsparents


Priscilla:Priscilla: Uh, hello — is this the financial aid office?Uh, hello — is this the financial aid office?Officer:Officer: Indeed it is, young lady, come right in and have a Indeed it is, young lady, come right in and have a

seat. How can I help you?seat. How can I help you?Priscilla:Priscilla: Well, I’ve just been accepted as a student here, and I Well, I’ve just been accepted as a student here, and I

want to find out what forms of financial aid I can want to find out what forms of financial aid I can apply for.apply for.

Officer:Officer: Certainly! We have a whole range of financialCertainly! We have a whole range of financial aid aid to offer. First, however, it’s my duty to point out that to offer. First, however, it’s my duty to point out that if you’re under 21, it’s no disgrace to ask your if you’re under 21, it’s no disgrace to ask your parents for money.parents for money.

Priscilla:Priscilla: Uh, well, see, my parents can’t really afford toUh, well, see, my parents can’t really afford tohelp me very much.help me very much.

Officer:Officer: I understand. And I imagine you’ve already I understand. And I imagine you’ve already considered finding a part-time job?considered finding a part-time job?

Priscilla:Priscilla: Well, I’d really prefer not to work, if I don’t have Well, I’d really prefer not to work, if I don’t have to. I want to concentrate on my studies.to. I want to concentrate on my studies.

Officer:Officer: Quite right, quite right. So probably our Quite right, quite right. So probably our work/study program will not be of interest to you.work/study program will not be of interest to you.

Priscilla:Priscilla: Not if there’s something else I can apply for.Not if there’s something else I can apply for.Officer:Officer: Of course there is! We have student loans, grants Of course there is! We have student loans, grants

and scholarships — which would you like?and scholarships — which would you like?Priscilla:Priscilla: Um, you mean I can just … choose whichever I Um, you mean I can just … choose whichever I

want?want?Officer:Officer: That’s right!That’s right!

[Loud Ring or Beep or Buzz of an Alarming Clock][Loud Ring or Beep or Buzz of an Alarming Clock]

Priscilla [half asleep]:Priscilla [half asleep]: What, huh?What, huh?Priscilla’s Mother:Priscilla’s Mother: It’s seven o’clock, Priscilla! Time to get It’s seven o’clock, Priscilla! Time to get

up. You have to go see the university fiup. You have to go see the university financial aid office today, remember!nancial aid office today, remember!

Priscilla:Priscilla: Ohh, and I was just having the most woOhh, and I was just having the most wonderful dream!nderful dream!

Intensive Study

• Difficult sentencesDifficult sentences• Key words, phrases & usagesKey words, phrases & usages• Comprehension exercisesComprehension exercises

Intensive StudyIntensive Study

Holding Onto a Dream

11 While preparing to graduate from high school in 1987, Priscilla Vazquez waited anxiously for her letter from the University of Washington, hoping she would be the first person in her family to attend college. When the acceptance letter arrived, she was overjoyed.



22 There was just one problem: The University of Washington There was just one problem: The University of Washington

didn’t have any grant money to give Priscilla. It offered her only a didn’t have any grant money to give Priscilla. It offered her only a

small small loan and expected her family to come up with the rest. ““My family My family

was making enough money to was making enough money to get by, but not enough to pay that much

for me to go to school,” ” she said.she said.


33 Priscilla called the financial-aid office for advice. They told her Priscilla called the financial-aid office for advice. They told her

that that prospective students seeking more financial aid are eligible only if they have lived apart from their parents for a minimum of two years. During that time, their parents cannot have claimed them as a dependent on the family’s tax forms. ““Hearing this, I was totally stunned,Hearing this, I was totally stunned,” ”

Priscilla recalls. Priscilla recalls. ““I realized I was going to have to I realized I was going to have to take some time off, work, become financially independent from my parents, and then reapply to school. Postponing my dream hurt, but it was the only possibility.””


44 Within a month, Priscilla had found a job at a restaurant and Within a month, Priscilla had found a job at a restaurant and moved into a cheap apartment in a poor neighborhood of Seattle. moved into a cheap apartment in a poor neighborhood of Seattle. She also She also signed up for a job-training program in the city, to learn to be a secretary. It was a hard lifestyle to adjust to. ““I got up at 6 a.m. for a I got up at 6 a.m. for a long commute to school, finished class at 2 p.m., started work at long commute to school, finished class at 2 p.m., started work at three, got off my three, got off my shift at 11 p.m., and then I came back home and collapsed.””

55 Priscilla soon found that her restaurant job just didn’t pay Priscilla soon found that her restaurant job just didn’t pay enough for her to enough for her to make ends meet. ““So I went to the landlord of my So I went to the landlord of my apartment building and asked if there was any cleaning work I could apartment building and asked if there was any cleaning work I could do. Since he felt sorry for me, do. Since he felt sorry for me, he agreed to give me thirty hours a month.””


66 The job-training program was designed to last six months. The job-training program was designed to last six months.

Priscilla finished it in four. “They taught me various office skills and Priscilla finished it in four. “They taught me various office skills and

word-processing programs. I also learned to answer the phone in word-processing programs. I also learned to answer the phone in

an office an office setting, and write proper business letters,” she said. The

program helped Priscilla find employment as a secretary with a small

company. “It was my first decent job,” she says. “I was nineteen years

old, living on my own, and making $15,000 a year.”


77 Priscilla reapplied to the University of Washington and was Priscilla reapplied to the University of Washington and was

accepted. She accepted. She qualified for financial aid because she had been independent from her parents for more than two years. As of the fall of 1990, Priscilla was finally a college student — working full-time during the day as a secretary and going to school full-time at night.

88 Balancing work and school was difficult. Balancing work and school was difficult. ““I was I was staying up late studying, and going to work early every morning. I was having a hard time concentrating in class, and a hard time on the job because I was so tired,” ” she says. But she she says. But she ended up with two A’s in her first semester anyway.


99 Priscilla decided to pursue an archaeology major, and in the Priscilla decided to pursue an archaeology major, and in the summer of 1992, she got her first opportunity to really summer of 1992, she got her first opportunity to really test out her interest in the subject. The archaeological field school of Washington State University was sponsoring a summer research project at a site alongside the Snake River in Washington. Priscilla threw herself into the work, and the project supervisors were impressed. At the end of the summer, one of the professors offered her a job. ““He said, He said, ‘‘we just got we just got a contract for a project in North Dakota. We want to hire you if a contract for a project in North Dakota. We want to hire you if you’re willing to take a semester off from school.’you’re willing to take a semester off from school.’” ” The offer was a The offer was a diversion from Priscilla’s pursuit of her diversion from Priscilla’s pursuit of her BA. ““But by then I no longer But by then I no longer doubted that I would ultimately finish school, so I felt comfortable doubted that I would ultimately finish school, so I felt comfortable grabbing this opportunity,grabbing this opportunity,” ” she says.she says.


1010 When the North Dakota project ended, Priscilla moved to When the North Dakota project ended, Priscilla moved to

California, where she could live rent-free with one of her brothers. California, where she could live rent-free with one of her brothers.

““I ended up working three jobs, trying to make as much money as I I ended up working three jobs, trying to make as much money as I

could,could,” ” she recalls. she recalls. ““I was tired of working full-time and being a I was tired of working full-time and being a

full-time student. My goal was to save enough money to let me go full-time student. My goal was to save enough money to let me go

back to school, study full-time and work only part-time.back to school, study full-time and work only part-time.” ” Priscilla’s Priscilla’s

brother ran a house-cleaning service, and he agreed to give her brother ran a house-cleaning service, and he agreed to give her

work. And she decided to enroll at a local work. And she decided to enroll at a local community college where

the tuition was much cheaper.


1111 Priscilla took some art classes (she was an amateur Priscilla took some art classes (she was an amateur

photographer) and helped organize a gallery exhibit of students’ photographer) and helped organize a gallery exhibit of students’

artwork, including her own. In the spring of 1994, she graduated artwork, including her own. In the spring of 1994, she graduated

from Wenatchee Valley College with a two-year Associate of Arts from Wenatchee Valley College with a two-year Associate of Arts

degree. After graduating, Priscilla applied to the University of degree. After graduating, Priscilla applied to the University of

Washington once more. She was accepted and enrolled in the fall Washington once more. She was accepted and enrolled in the fall

of 1994. of 1994.

Not having to work so many hours allowed her to make school her priority

. ““This was such a luxury, I was almost sorry to graduate!This was such a luxury, I was almost sorry to graduate!” ” Priscilla Priscilla

laughs. laughs. ““But I was awarded my BA in January of 1996.But I was awarded my BA in January of 1996.


12 12 As Priscilla looks back on her years of struggle to make her As Priscilla looks back on her years of struggle to make her

dream come true, she is cautiously encouraging toward others dream come true, she is cautiously encouraging toward others

working their way through school. working their way through school. ““To balance work and school, To balance work and school,

you have to know yourself,you have to know yourself,” ” she says. she says. ““

You have to know what you can take and what you can’t take. You need a lot of discipline, and you have to stay focused, even when you run into barriers and distractions and delays. But mostly you need determination. If you get put down once, just get back up there and keep fighting.” ”

(949 (949

words)words)

hold onto/hold on tohold onto/hold on to

—— try to keep; not give uptry to keep; not give up

e.g.e.g.

• We should We should hold ontohold onto the house and sell it later when the house and sell it later when prices are higher.prices are higher.

• They They hold on tohold on to their principles with a rare firmness. their principles with a rare firmness.TranslateTranslate

你应该继续保留着石油股份。你应该继续保留着石油股份。

KeyKey

You should hold on to your oil shares.You should hold on to your oil shares.

More to learnMore to learnMore to learnMore to learn

hold on tohold on to

—— to take and keep (something) in your hand or armsto take and keep (something) in your hand or arms

e.g.e.g.

• Please Please hold (on to)hold (on to) the rail if you stand while the bus is the rail if you stand while the bus is moving.moving.

• Hold onHold on — we’re going to hit a bump — we’re going to hit a bump..

hold onhold on

—— to wait or pause for a momentto wait or pause for a moment

e.g.e.g.

• Will you Will you hold onhold on while I see who’s at the door?. while I see who’s at the door?.• Hold onHold on! What’s that strange noise?! What’s that strange noise?


Hold outHold out

—— to last, especially in a difficult situationto last, especially in a difficult situation

e.g.e.g.

• The air supply will The air supply will hold outhold out for another two hours. for another two hours.

hold hold outout

—— to resist or survive in a dangerous or difficult situation.to resist or survive in a dangerous or difficult situation.

e.g.e.g.

• The rebels The rebels held outheld out in the mountains for several years. in the mountains for several years.

While preparingWhile preparing to graduate from high school in 1987, … to graduate from high school in 1987, …

The The adverbial V-ing phrasesadverbial V-ing phrases are used in place of adver are used in place of adver

bial clauses to express time relationship, cause or reasbial clauses to express time relationship, cause or reas

on, circumstances, etc.. And they may follow on, circumstances, etc.. And they may follow afterafter,, sin sin

cece,, when(ever) when(ever), and , and whilewhile..

More to doMore to doMore to doMore to do

e.g.e.g.• After throwing down his jacket, the stranger moved After throwing down his jacket, the stranger moved

threateningly towards me.threateningly towards me.• He wrote his greatest novel while working on a He wrote his greatest novel while working on a

freighter.freighter.

1.1. He has travelled a lot, so he knows a great deal about other He has travelled a lot, so he knows a great deal about other

culturescultures..

2.2. After she had finished all her housework, she decided to see After she had finished all her housework, she decided to see what was on TV.what was on TV.

X. Rewrite the following sentences.

Having travelled a lot, he knows a great deal about other cu, he knows a great deal about other culturesltures..

Having finished all her housework, she decided to see what , she decided to see what was on TV.was on TV.

Exercises Exercises • • StructureStructure

《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. X, p. 144Ex. X, p. 144《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. X, p. 144Ex. X, p. 144

3.3. Because we had spent nearly all our money, we couldn’t Because we had spent nearly all our money, we couldn’t afford to stay in a hotel.afford to stay in a hotel.

4.4. Since she had forgotten his telephone number, she didn’t Since she had forgotten his telephone number, she didn’t know how to get in touch with him.know how to get in touch with him.

Having spent nearly all our money, we couldn’t afford to , we couldn’t afford to stay in a hotel.stay in a hotel.

Having forgotten his telephone number, she didn’t know , she didn’t know how to get in touch with him.how to get in touch with him.



5.5. After he had cleaned the windows, he started to mop the After he had cleaned the windows, he started to mop the floor.floor.

6.6. I feel much better now that I’ve taken the medicine you I feel much better now that I’ve taken the medicine you gave me.gave me.

Having cleaned the windows, he started to mop the floor., he started to mop the floor.

Having taken the medicine you gave me, I feel much better., I feel much better.



Text-related informationText-related information

The University of WashingtonThe University of Washington The University of Washington is a stateThe University of Washington is a state-supported institution of higher education-supported institution of higher educationoccupying a campus of 684 acres in Seattle,occupying a campus of 684 acres in Seattle,Washington State, USA. Founded in 1861,Washington State, USA. Founded in 1861,the university is the oldest publiclythe university is the oldest publiclysupported institution on the US Pacificsupported institution on the US PacificCoast. Instruction was first offered on a campus in what Coast. Instruction was first offered on a campus in what is now the central business district of Seattle. The move is now the central business district of Seattle. The move to the present campus was made in 1895. The university to the present campus was made in 1895. The university

library collection containslibrary collection contains over 5 million over 5 million catalogued volumes, an equal number incatalogued volumes, an equal number in microform and several million items in microform and several million items in other formats.other formats.

loanloan

— — money that an organization such as a bank lends and smoney that an organization such as a bank lends and sb borrows.b borrows.

e.g.e.g.

• We could apply for a loan to buy a car.We could apply for a loan to buy a car.

• It took three years to repay my student loanIt took three years to repay my student loan

loanloan

— — vt. to lend sth to sb. especially moneyvt. to lend sth to sb. especially money

e.g.e.g.

• A friend loaned me $1000.A friend loaned me $1000.


loan / loneloan / lone

lonelone

— — without other similar ones; being the only one in a without other similar ones; being the only one in a place or situation.place or situation.

e.g.e.g.

• He was a lone voice arguing against a reduction in He was a lone voice arguing against a reduction in resources.resources.

• A lone parent/ mother/ fatherA lone parent/ mother/ father

come up withcome up with

— — 1) produce (a sum of money) when it is especially 1) produce (a sum of money) when it is especially neededneeded

Chinese TranslationChinese Translation

除了把你欠的除了把你欠的 20002000 元还给我外，你别无选择。元还给我外，你别无选择。

e.g.e.g.

• You have no choice but to come up with the $2,000 you You have no choice but to come up with the $2,000 you owe me.owe me.



—— 2) think of or suggest (a plan or a way of doing sth. esp.2) think of or suggest (a plan or a way of doing sth. esp. a very clever one)a very clever one)

e.g.e.g.

• We’ve got a team of experts working on the problem — We’ve got a team of experts working on the problem — let’s wait and see what they come up with.let’s wait and see what they come up with.

TranslateTranslate

如果你不能在十秒内想出这个问题的答案，这次游戏你就出局了。如果你不能在十秒内想出这个问题的答案，这次游戏你就出局了。

KeyKey

If you cannot come up with an answer to If you cannot come up with an answer to the question in ten seconds, you are out the question in ten seconds, you are out of the game. of the game.


come up to come up to

—— to reach as far as a particular pointto reach as far as a particular point

e.g.e.g.

• The water came up to my neck.The water came up to my neck.

come up to come up to

—— to reach an acceptable level or standardto reach an acceptable level or standard

e.g.e.g.

• His performance didn’t really come up to his usual high His performance didn’t really come up to his usual high standard.standard.• Their trip to France didn’t come up to expectations.Their trip to France didn’t come up to expectations.

get byget by

— — 1) just manage to survive and have a fairly satisfactory 1) just manage to survive and have a fairly satisfactory life, often used in get by (on sth.)life, often used in get by (on sth.)

e.g.e.g.

• When I was a student I used to be able to get by on 20 yuWhen I was a student I used to be able to get by on 20 yuan a month.an a month.

TranslateTranslate

他靠这么一点儿薪水怎么过活？他靠这么一点儿薪水怎么过活？

KeyKey

How does he get by on such a How does he get by on such a small salary?small salary?


get byget by

— — 2) reach a standard that is acceptable but not very 2) reach a standard that is acceptable but not very goodgood

e.g.e.g.• He should just about get by in the exam.He should just about get by in the exam.• Perhaps I can get by in a dark suit.Perhaps I can get by in a dark suit.

TranslateTranslate

你的工作还过得去，但要争取更上一层楼。你的工作还过得去，但要争取更上一层楼。

KeyKey

Your work could get by, but try to improve it.Your work could get by, but try to improve it.

prospectiveprospective

— — would-be, possiblewould-be, possible

e.g.e.g.• We have received letters of application from several prosWe have received letters of application from several pros

pective candidates.pective candidates.

Syn : Syn : potentialpotential

e.g.e.g.• Potential customers.Potential customers.

eligibleeligible

— — having the necessary qualities or fulfilling the having the necessary qualities or fulfilling the necessary conditions.necessary conditions.

e.g.e.g.• Anyone who can speak French is eligible to join this cluAnyone who can speak French is eligible to join this clu

b.b.• You could be eligible for a university scholarship.You could be eligible for a university scholarship.

only ifonly if

Cf.Cf.

““If onlyIf only” is used to express a wish, desire or pity.” is used to express a wish, desire or pity.

e.g.e.g.• If only you had been to the party!If only you had been to the party!• If only she could have lived a little longer!If only she could have lived a little longer!

““Only ifOnly if” is used to describe a condition.” is used to describe a condition.e.g.e.g.• I will come only if nothing is said to the press.I will come only if nothing is said to the press.• He will agree to do it only if you promise to keep his He will agree to do it only if you promise to keep his

secret.secret.


If only If only 的用法的用法

指现在指现在 : if only + be : if only + be 的一般过去时的一般过去时 ::e.g.e.g.• If only Tessa was here now.If only Tessa was here now. if only + be if only + be 的虚拟语气形式的虚拟语气形式• If only Tessa were here nowIf only Tessa were here now if only + if only + 过去进行时过去进行时• If only the sun was (or were) shining at this moment.If only the sun was (or were) shining at this moment. if only + if only + 除除 be be 之外的其他动词之外的其他动词• If only I knew the answer to your question.If only I knew the answer to your question.


If only If only 的用法的用法

指过去指过去 : if only + be : if only + be 的过去完成时的过去完成时 ::e.g.e.g.• If only I had been here yesterday.If only I had been here yesterday. if only + if only + 除除 bebe 以外的动词的过去完成时以外的动词的过去完成时• If only you had let me know earlier.If only you had let me know earlier. if only + if only + 除除 bebe 以外的动词的过去完成进行时以外的动词的过去完成进行时

时时• If only we had been travelling yesterday when the wIf only we had been travelling yesterday when the w

eather was fine.eather was fine.


1.1. I wish you could stay longer in Britain I wish you could stay longer in Britain — your English — your English

might improve.might improve.

2.2. Children may enter the club on the condition that they are Children may enter the club on the condition that they are accompanied by adults.accompanied by adults.

IX. Study the differences between “only if” and “if only” and rewrite the following sentences as either if only or only if sentences.

If only you could stay longer in Britain you could stay longer in Britain — your English — your English might improve.might improve.

Children may enter the club Children may enter the club only if they are accompanied they are accompanied by adults.by adults.


《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. IX, p. 143Ex. IX, p. 143《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. IX, p. 143Ex. IX, p. 143

3.3. It’s too bad you didn‘ tell me you had a spare ticket for the It’s too bad you didn‘ tell me you had a spare ticket for the show!show!

4.4. You can go to the sky-diving exhibition as long as you proYou can go to the sky-diving exhibition as long as you promise you won’t try it yourself.mise you won’t try it yourself.

If only you’d told me you had a spare ticket for the show! you’d told me you had a spare ticket for the show!

You can go to the sky-diving exhibition You can go to the sky-diving exhibition only if you promise you promise you won’t try it yourself.you won’t try it yourself.



5.5. The students at this university are allowed to take up part-The students at this university are allowed to take up part-time employment on the condition that it doesn’t interfere time employment on the condition that it doesn’t interfere with their studies.with their studies.

6.6. Why did she tell my mother?! Everything would have been Why did she tell my mother?! Everything would have been all right.all right.

The students at this university are allowed to take up part-The students at this university are allowed to take up part-time employment time employment only if it doesn’t interfere with their it doesn’t interfere with their studies.studies.

If only she hadn’t told my mother,everything would have she hadn’t told my mother,everything would have been all right.been all right.



minimumminimum

— — n the smallest or lowest amount that is possible, n the smallest or lowest amount that is possible, required or recorded.required or recorded.

minimumminimum

— — a. the smallest that is possible or allowed; extremely a. the smallest that is possible or allowed; extremely small.small.

• a minimum wage a minimum wage

• The work was done with the minimum amount of The work was done with the minimum amount of effort.effort.

e.g.e.g.

• The class needs a minimum of six students to continThe class needs a minimum of six students to continue.ue.

• Temperature will fall to a minimum of 10 degrees.Temperature will fall to a minimum of 10 degrees.

claimclaim

— — v. to say that sth is true although it has not been provev. to say that sth is true although it has not been proved and other people may not believe it.d and other people may not believe it.

e.g.e.g.

• The company claim (that) it is not responsible for the The company claim (that) it is not responsible for the pollution in the river.pollution in the river.

• Jean claims to own a car but I don’t believe her.Jean claims to own a car but I don’t believe her.

• All parties have claimed success in yesterday’s electiAll parties have claimed success in yesterday’s elections.ons.

claimclaim

— — n. a statement that sth is true although it has not been n. a statement that sth is true although it has not been proved and other people may not believe it.proved and other people may not believe it.

e.g.e.g.

• The singer has denied the magazine’s claim that she is leThe singer has denied the magazine’s claim that she is leaving the band.aving the band.


Dependent (on/upon sb/sth) ( for sth)Dependent (on/upon sb/sth) ( for sth)

— — n. a person, especially a child, who depends on anothen. a person, especially a child, who depends on another person for a home, food, money, etc.r person for a home, food, money, etc.

Dependent (on/upon sb/sth) ( for sth)Dependent (on/upon sb/sth) ( for sth)

— — a. needing sb/sth in order to survive or be successful.a. needing sb/sth in order to survive or be successful.

e.g.e.g.

• You can’t be dependent on your parents all your life.You can’t be dependent on your parents all your life.

• It’s very easy to become dependent on sleeping pills.It’s very easy to become dependent on sleeping pills.

e.g.e.g.

• Jack has four dependents.Jack has four dependents.


ParaphraseParaphrase

?? — — During these two years, their During these two years, their

parents cannot have stated on parents cannot have stated on the tax forms that they were the tax forms that they were supported by the family (to supported by the family (to entitle the family to deductions entitle the family to deductions from its taxable income).from its taxable income).

During that time, their parents cannot have claimed them as a During that time, their parents cannot have claimed them as a dependent on the family’s tax forms.dependent on the family’s tax forms.

take (a period of time) offtake (a period of time) off

— — have (the time) from one’s regular activity (as a break, have (the time) from one’s regular activity (as a break, a holiday or for some other activity)a holiday or for some other activity)

e.g.e.g.

• He usually plays tennis on Sunday but decided to He usually plays tennis on Sunday but decided to take that Sunday off.take that Sunday off.

• He took two hours off to meet his sister at the airport.He took two hours off to meet his sister at the airport.

TranslateTranslate

我下周要休假。我下周要休假。

KeyKey

I’m taking next week off (work).I’m taking next week off (work).

postponepostpone

— — to arrange for an event, etc. to take place at a later to arrange for an event, etc. to take place at a later time or datetime or date

e.g.e.g.

• They have decided to postpone their holiday until the They have decided to postpone their holiday until the autumn.autumn.

• It was an unpopular decision to postpone building thIt was an unpopular decision to postpone building the new hospital. e new hospital.


PostponingPostponing my dream hurt, … my dream hurt, …

The The nominal V-ing phrasenominal V-ing phrase usually occurs in the positio usually occurs in the positio

n of subject, direct object, predicative, appositive, pren of subject, direct object, predicative, appositive, pre

positional object, etc.positional object, etc.


e.g.e.g.

• Seeing is believing.Seeing is believing.

• No one enjoys deceiving his own people.No one enjoys deceiving his own people.

• I am tired of being treated like a child.I am tired of being treated like a child.

1.1. _____ (_____ ( 看到自己周围这么多人生活在贫困之中看到自己周围这么多人生活在贫困之中 )) also made a stroalso made a strong impression on her.ng impression on her.

2.2. _____ (_____ ( 在会上提出这个问题在会上提出这个问题 )) will only cause trouble.will only cause trouble.

XI. Complete each of the following sentences, using a V-ing phrase as its subject.

Seeing so many people around here living in povertySeeing so many people around here living in poverty

Bringing up the subject at the meetingBringing up the subject at the meeting


《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. XI, p. 144Ex. XI, p. 144《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. XI, p. 144Ex. XI, p. 144

3.3. _____ (_____ ( 回顾往事回顾往事 )) always makes him feel happy.always makes him feel happy.

4.4. _____ (_____ ( 考试前熬夜学习考试前熬夜学习 )) will not necessarily improve your scwill not necessarily improve your scores.ores.

Looking back on the pastLooking back on the past

Staying up late studying before an examinationStaying up late studying before an examination



5.5. _____ (_____ ( 既要全日工作，又要成为全日制学生既要全日工作，又要成为全日制学生 )) proved to be difficproved to be difficult at that time.ult at that time.

6.6. _____ (_____ ( 住在家里不付房租住在家里不付房租 )) allowed Priscilla to save money foallowed Priscilla to save money for school.r school.

Working full-time and being a full-time studentWorking full-time and being a full-time student

Living at home rent-freeLiving at home rent-free



Move into Move into

—— (cause to ) take possession of a new place to live (cause to ) take possession of a new place to live

e.g.e.g.

• What day do you plan to move into the new house?What day do you plan to move into the new house?

Cf.Cf.

Move in : Move in : 两者基本含义相同两者基本含义相同 ,, 都指迁居都指迁居 , in , in 是副词是副词 , , 而而intointo 是介词是介词 ..

e.g.e.g.

__We’ve bought our new house, but we can’t __We’ve bought our new house, but we can’t move inmove in till t till the end of the month.he end of the month.

__ We’ve bought our new house, but we do not intend to __ We’ve bought our new house, but we do not intend to mmove intoove into it right now. it right now.

sign up (for) sign up (for)

—— sign one’s name when joining an organization, a sign one’s name when joining an organization, a group, group, or a course of studyor a course of study

e.g.e.g.

• What made you decide to sign up for the art course?What made you decide to sign up for the art course?

TranslateTranslate

我们不会外出野餐，除非有更多的人报名加入我们不会外出野餐，除非有更多的人报名加入。。

KeyKey

We will not have the picnic unless more people sign up We will not have the picnic unless more people sign up (for it).(for it).


Sign for sthSign for sth

—— to sign a document to show that you have received sth.to sign a document to show that you have received sth.

e.g.e.g.

• Someone must sign for the package when we deliver iSomeone must sign for the package when we deliver it.t.

Sign in / outSign in / out ; ; sign sb in /outsign sb in /out

—— to write your name when you arrive at or leave an offito write your name when you arrive at or leave an office, a club, etc.ce, a club, etc.e.g.e.g.

• All visitors must sign in on arrival.All visitors must sign in on arrival.• You must sign guests out when they leave the club.You must sign guests out when they leave the club.

programprogram n.n.

—— plan or schedule of subjects studied for a particular plan or schedule of subjects studied for a particular coursecourse

e.g.e.g.

• A final thesis is required for most Master’s programs aA final thesis is required for most Master’s programs and Doctorate program.nd Doctorate program.

• Her new fitness program includes a 0.5-mile jog every Her new fitness program includes a 0.5-mile jog every morning.morning.

shiftshift n. n.

— — period of time worked by a worker who starts work as period of time worked by a worker who starts work as another finishesanother finishes

e.g.e.g.

• the day/night shiftthe day/night shift

• work in three shiftswork in three shifts

make (both) ends meetmake (both) ends meet

—— be able to manage financially because one has just be able to manage financially because one has just eenough money for one’s needs; live within one’s nough money for one’s needs; live within one’s incomeincome

e.g.e.g.• They decided to sell their big house to make ends meet.They decided to sell their big house to make ends meet.

TranslateTranslate

他设法干两份工作来维持收支平衡。他设法干两份工作来维持收支平衡。

KeyKey

He managed to make (both) ends meet He managed to make (both) ends meet

with two jobs. with two jobs.

— — he said he would offer me a job that took thirty hours he said he would offer me a job that took thirty hours a montha month

he agreed to give me thirty hours a monthhe agreed to give me thirty hours a month

settingsetting n.n.

—— a particular set of circumstances or conditionsa particular set of circumstances or conditions

e.g. e.g. • Working in a university setting you can’t ignore these thWorking in a university setting you can’t ignore these th

ings.ings.

TranslateTranslate

孩子在家应该受到照顾。孩子在家应该受到照顾。

KeyKey

Children should be cared for in a home Children should be cared for in a home

setting.setting.

On one’s ownOn one’s own

— — without help; without help;

alone; without anyone else.alone; without anyone else.

CfCf

On one’s own account: On one’s own account: for oneself; because one wants to for oneself; because one wants to and one has decided, not sb else.and one has decided, not sb else.

e.g.e.g.

• In 1992 Smith set up in business on his own account.In 1992 Smith set up in business on his own account.

• No one sent me, I am here on my own account.No one sent me, I am here on my own account.

e.g.e.g.• He did it on his own.He did it on his own.• I’m all on my own today.I’m all on my own today.

qualify forqualify for

— — have the right to have or do (sth.)have the right to have or do (sth.)

e.g.e.g.• After three years here you’ll qualify for a rise.After three years here you’ll qualify for a rise.• Our team has qualified for the semi-final.Our team has qualified for the semi-final.

TranslateTranslate

他具有博士学位，显然有资格接任这项工作。他具有博士学位，显然有资格接任这项工作。

KeyKey

With a Doctorate degree, he obviously qualifies for the With a Doctorate degree, he obviously qualifies for the

job.job.

as of / fromas of / from

— — starting fromstarting from

e.g.e.g.

• The new timetable will come into effect as from tomorroThe new timetable will come into effect as from tomorrow.w.

TranslateTranslate

从下周开始，我将一直在家工作。从下周开始，我将一直在家工作。

KeyKey

As of next week, I will be working at home.As of next week, I will be working at home.

stay upstay up

— — do not go to beddo not go to bed

e.g.e.g.

• The children wanted to stay up late on Christmas eve, buThe children wanted to stay up late on Christmas eve, but their mother managed to put them to bed before elevent their mother managed to put them to bed before eleven

TranslateTranslate

直到半夜他还没睡，一直在读书。直到半夜他还没睡，一直在读书。

KeyKey

He stayed up reading until midnight.He stayed up reading until midnight.

end up with/doing (sth.)end up with/doing (sth.)

— — to find yourself in a place or situation that you did not to find yourself in a place or situation that you did not intend or expect to be inintend or expect to be in

e.g.e.g.

• At first he refused to accept any responsibility but he endAt first he refused to accept any responsibility but he ended up apologizing.ed up apologizing.

• If you go on like this you’ll end up in prison.If you go on like this you’ll end up in prison.

TranslateTranslate

经过许多努力，他们终于签了合同经过许多努力，他们终于签了合同。。KeyKey

After much effort, they ended up with a contractAfter much effort, they ended up with a contract..


Cf.Cf. end in : end in :

— — to have sth as an ending; to have sth as a resultto have sth as an ending; to have sth as a result

e.g.e.g.

• The meeting ended in disorder.The meeting ended in disorder.• The chairman’s plan ended in failure.The chairman’s plan ended in failure.

test outtest out

—— test as fully as possible; examine thoroughlytest as fully as possible; examine thoroughly

e.g. e.g.

• He conducted experiments to test out his ideas.He conducted experiments to test out his ideas.

• The drug is quite safe. We have tested it out on animals. The drug is quite safe. We have tested it out on animals.

The Snake River in WashingtonA river of the northwest United States rising in northwest Wyoming and flowing about 1,670 km through southern Idaho, along the Oregon-Idaho and Idaho-Washington borders, and through southeast Washington to the Columbia River. Encountered in 1805 by the Lewis and Clark expedition, the river has spectacular deep gorges and is an important source of hydroelectric power.

throw oneself intothrow oneself into

— — put much effort, time and keenness into (a particular put much effort, time and keenness into (a particular activity, etc.); do (sth.) with a lot of effort and energyactivity, etc.); do (sth.) with a lot of effort and energy

e.g.e.g.

• She threw herself into her work heart and soul.She threw herself into her work heart and soul.

• He will throw himself into the battle against bureaucracy. He will throw himself into the battle against bureaucracy.

TranslateTranslate

放学后，约翰一头扎进了计算机游戏放学后，约翰一头扎进了计算机游戏。。KeyKey

After school, John threw After school, John threw

himself into computer gameshimself into computer games..


More to knowMore to knowMore to knowMore to know

Degree, Credit, and Credit hourDegree, Credit, and Credit hourDegrees are titles conferred on students Degrees are titles conferred on students by a college or university on by a college or university on completion of a program of study. completion of a program of study. Normally there are four types of Normally there are four types of degrees: Associate’s (completion of a degrees: Associate’s (completion of a

program in a specific career field), Bachelor’s (conferred program in a specific career field), Bachelor’s (conferred after completion of an undergraduate program), after completion of an undergraduate program), Master’s (first graduate degree), and Doctorate (second Master’s (first graduate degree), and Doctorate (second graduate degree and final degree). graduate degree and final degree).


Credits or credit hours are units of measuring Credits or credit hours are units of measuring educational credit based on a given number of classroom educational credit based on a given number of classroom periods per week throughout a semester. At the college periods per week throughout a semester. At the college and university level, each course is assigned a number of and university level, each course is assigned a number of credit hours. All degree programs require students to credit hours. All degree programs require students to complete a minimum number of credit hours before complete a minimum number of credit hours before graduation. In most Doctorate programs, students graduation. In most Doctorate programs, students continue to take courses. Until they have earned enough continue to take courses. Until they have earned enough credit hours to attempt their qualifying exams, they credit hours to attempt their qualifying exams, they can begin to write their final thesis.can begin to write their final thesis.Since degree requirements can be very complex and vary Since degree requirements can be very complex and vary from one program to another, all students should check from one program to another, all students should check with their departments and program advisors to make with their departments and program advisors to make sure they are meeting the requirements of their sure they are meeting the requirements of their particular program.particular program.


Community CollegeCommunity CollegeA community college is a two-year college that offers proA community college is a two-year college that offers programs of study enabling students to terminate their highgrams of study enabling students to terminate their higher education with an earned degree, transfer to a senior cer education with an earned degree, transfer to a senior college, or pursue studies that do not lead to a degree. An ollege, or pursue studies that do not lead to a degree. An Associate of Arts or Associate of Science degree (A.A. or Associate of Arts or Associate of Science degree (A.A. or A.S.) is awarded upon completion of two years of study.A.S.) is awarded upon completion of two years of study.Community colleges offer a wide range of academic, vocCommunity colleges offer a wide range of academic, vocational and avocational programs and also provide non-cational and avocational programs and also provide non-credit adult education. Students can transfer to four-year redit adult education. Students can transfer to four-year colleges from community college.colleges from community college.

More to knowMore to knowMore to knowMore to know


Community colleges have fairly Community colleges have fairly open admissions policy and open admissions policy and flexible curricula. They are the flexible curricula. They are the educational and cultural centers educational and cultural centers of the communities they serve.of the communities they serve.

Wenatchee Valley College was founded in 1939, is a comWenatchee Valley College was founded in 1939, is a community college located 145 miles from Seattle in Wenatcmunity college located 145 miles from Seattle in Wenatchee, Washington State, USA.hee, Washington State, USA.

Not having to work so many hours allowed her to make Not having to work so many hours allowed her to make school herschool her priority priority..

e.g.e.g.

• Fire engines and ambulances have priority over other traFire engines and ambulances have priority over other traffic.ffic.

• If medical supplies are short, children will be given prioriIf medical supplies are short, children will be given priority.ty.


prioritypriority n. n.— — the thing that is considered most important and needs the thing that is considered most important and needs

attention before anything elseattention before anything else


?? — — Not having to work so many hours gave her time and Not having to work so many hours gave her time and

efforts to studies at school before anything else. efforts to studies at school before anything else.

Not having to work so many hours allowed her to make Not having to work so many hours allowed her to make school her priority.school her priority.


?? — — You have to know what you are able to cope with and You have to know what you are able to cope with and

what you are unable to. what you are unable to.

You have to know what you can take and what you can’t take.You have to know what you can take and what you can’t take.

If you If you getget put down once, just get back up there and keep put down once, just get back up there and keep fighting.fighting.

e.g.e.g.

• The boy got hurt on his way home from school. (But neveThe boy got hurt on his way home from school. (But never: The boy got given a violin by his father.)r: The boy got given a violin by his father.)

• The story eventually got translated into English.The story eventually got translated into English.


““GetGet” in the sentence is used as a passive auxiliary which, ” in the sentence is used as a passive auxiliary which, however, is usually restricted to constructions without an however, is usually restricted to constructions without an expressed agent. The get-passive is avoided in formal expressed agent. The get-passive is avoided in formal style. Even in informal English it is far less frequent than style. Even in informal English it is far less frequent than the be-passive.the be-passive.

put downput down— — suppress; defeatsuppress; defeate.g.e.g.

• We were able to put down the opposing team at the first hWe were able to put down the opposing team at the first half of the game.alf of the game.

TranslateTranslate

在获得这个国家的所有控制权之前，他们不得不镇压一些叛乱在获得这个国家的所有控制权之前，他们不得不镇压一些叛乱（（ revoltrevolt ）。）。

KeyKey

They had to put down several revolts before they gained They had to put down several revolts before they gained complete control of the country.complete control of the country.

If you get If you get put downput down once, just get back up there and keep once, just get back up there and keep fighting.fighting.

ExercisesExercises

• Comprehension

• Vocabulary

• Listening

Exercises Exercises • • ComprehensionComprehension

A.A. Mark each statement true or false based on your Mark each statement true or false based on your understanding of the text, and underline the sections of understanding of the text, and underline the sections of the text that support your answer.the text that support your answer.

1.1. Priscilla was from a wealthy family.Priscilla was from a wealthy family.FF

《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. II, p. 138Ex. II, p. 138《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. II, p. 138Ex. II, p. 138

Relevant to: Relevant to: Para. 2Para. 2““My family was making enough money to get by, but not My family was making enough money to get by, but not enough to pay that much for me to go to school,” she said.enough to pay that much for me to go to school,” she said.

2.2. The University of Washington couldn’t offer her more The University of Washington couldn’t offer her more financial aid because her parents claimed her as a dependent.financial aid because her parents claimed her as a dependent.TT


Relevant to: Relevant to: Para. 3Para. 3They told her that prospective students seeking more They told her that prospective students seeking more financial aid are eligible …. During that time, their parents financial aid are eligible …. During that time, their parents cannot have claimed them as a dependent on the family’s cannot have claimed them as a dependent on the family’s tax forms.tax forms.


3.3. Priscilla moved into a cheap apartment in a poor Priscilla moved into a cheap apartment in a poor neighborhood because she was angry with her parents.neighborhood because she was angry with her parents.FF


Relevant to:Relevant to:Para. 3. “I realized I was going to … become financially Para. 3. “I realized I was going to … become financially independent from my parents, …” independent from my parents, …” Para. 4. Within a month, Priscilla had found a job at a Para. 4. Within a month, Priscilla had found a job at a restaurant and moved into a cheep apartment in a poor restaurant and moved into a cheep apartment in a poor neighborhood of Seattle.neighborhood of Seattle.


4.4. She had two jobs while she was training to be a secretary.She had two jobs while she was training to be a secretary.TT


Relevant to: Relevant to: Para. 5Para. 5Priscilla soon found that her restaurant just didn’t pay Priscilla soon found that her restaurant just didn’t pay enough for her to make ends meet. “So I went to the enough for her to make ends meet. “So I went to the landlord …he agreed to give me thirty hours a month.”landlord …he agreed to give me thirty hours a month.”


5.5. The job-training program didn’t help Priscilla very much.The job-training program didn’t help Priscilla very much.FF


Relevant to: Relevant to: Para. 6Para. 6““They taught me various office skills …” The program They taught me various office skills …” The program helped Priscilla find employment as a secretary with a helped Priscilla find employment as a secretary with a small company.small company.


6.6. She reapplied to the University of Washington as soon as She reapplied to the University of Washington as soon as she’d finished the job-training program.she’d finished the job-training program.FF


Relevant to:Relevant to:Para. 6 The program helped Priscilla find employment as a Para. 6 The program helped Priscilla find employment as a secretary with a small company.secretary with a small company.Para. 7 As of the fall of 1990, Priscilla was finally a college Para. 7 As of the fall of 1990, Priscilla was finally a college student …student …


7.7. The Snake River summer research project gave Priscilla The Snake River summer research project gave Priscilla first-hand experience in her field of interest.first-hand experience in her field of interest.TT


Relevant to: Relevant to: Para. 9Para. 9… … and in the summer of 1992, she got her first opportunity and in the summer of 1992, she got her first opportunity to really test out her interest in the subject.to really test out her interest in the subject.


8.8. Priscilla interrupted her studies to work on the North Priscilla interrupted her studies to work on the North Dakota project.Dakota project.TT


Relevant to: Relevant to: Para. 9Para. 9The offer was a diversion from Priscilla’s pursuit of her The offer was a diversion from Priscilla’s pursuit of her BA.BA.


9.9. Priscilla didn’t work at all during her last few semesters Priscilla didn’t work at all during her last few semesters at the university.at the university.FF


Relevant to: Relevant to: Para. 11Para. 11Not having to work so many hours allowed her to make Not having to work so many hours allowed her to make school her priority.school her priority.


10.10. Priscilla knows from experience that working your way Priscilla knows from experience that working your way through school is not very hard.through school is not very hard.FF


Relevant to: Relevant to: Para. 12Para. 12“… “… You need a lot of discipline, and you have to stay You need a lot of discipline, and you have to stay focused, even when you run into barriers and distractions focused, even when you run into barriers and distractions and delays…”and delays…”



B. Mark each of the statements below Mark each of the statements below II (implied in the (implied in the article), or article), or NN (not implied in the article). For each (not implied in the article). For each II statement, underline the section of the text that supports statement, underline the section of the text that supports your answer.your answer.

1.1. Priscilla’s family was against the idea of her attending Priscilla’s family was against the idea of her attending college.college.

NN

Relevant to: Relevant to: Para. 1 …, hoping she would be the first person in her Para. 1 …, hoping she would be the first person in her family to attend college.family to attend college.Para. 2 “My family was making enough money to get by, Para. 2 “My family was making enough money to get by, but not enough to pay that much for me to go to school,” but not enough to pay that much for me to go to school,” she said.she said.


2.2. She finished the job training program as quickly as she She finished the job training program as quickly as she could because she disliked it.could because she disliked it.

NN

Relevant to: Relevant to: Para. 6Para. 6““They taught me various office skills …” The program They taught me various office skills …” The program helped Priscilla find employment as a secretary with a helped Priscilla find employment as a secretary with a small company.small company.



3.3. Priscilla was proud to be living on her own and making Priscilla was proud to be living on her own and making $15,000 a year.$15,000 a year.

II

Relevant to: Relevant to: Para. 6Para. 6““It was my first decent job,” she says, “I was nineteen years It was my first decent job,” she says, “I was nineteen years old, living on my own, and making $15,000 a year.”old, living on my own, and making $15,000 a year.”



4.4. When she finally started college, Priscilla wasn’t very When she finally started college, Priscilla wasn’t very confident that she would be able to finish her studies.confident that she would be able to finish her studies.

II

Relevant to: Relevant to: Para. 9Para. 9““But by then I no longer doubted that I would ultimately But by then I no longer doubted that I would ultimately finish school, …”finish school, …”



5.5. She moved to Wenatchee because Wenatchee Valley She moved to Wenatchee because Wenatchee Valley College was a better school than the University of College was a better school than the University of Washington.Washington.

NN

Relevant to: Relevant to: Para. 10Para. 10……, Priscilla moved to California, where she could live rent-, Priscilla moved to California, where she could live rent-free with one of her brothers.free with one of her brothers.



6.6. The author of the text wants us to see Priscilla as a The author of the text wants us to see Priscilla as a example of how determination can make dreams come example of how determination can make dreams come true.true.

II

Relevant to: Relevant to: Para. 12Para. 12As Priscilla looks back on her years of struggle to make her As Priscilla looks back on her years of struggle to make her dream come true, she is cautiously encouraging toward dream come true, she is cautiously encouraging toward others …others …


VocabularyVocabulary

Ex. III

Ex. IV

Ex. V

VocabularyVocabulary

III.III. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary.form where necessary.

1.1. There are plenty of companies that are eager to _____ There are plenty of companies that are eager to _____ young athletes if they show enough promise.young athletes if they show enough promise.

sponsorsponsor

2.2. To succeed in life it is not sufficient only to have talent, To succeed in life it is not sufficient only to have talent, capacity and training, one must also have _____ or a capacity and training, one must also have _____ or a strong will. strong will.

determinationdetermination

prospectiveprospective ultimatelyultimately employmentemployment minimumminimum

exhibitexhibit settingsetting determinationdetermination eligibleeligible

loanloan prioritypriority claimclaim sponsorsponsor

《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. III, p. 139Ex. III, p. 139《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. III, p. 139Ex. III, p. 139

Exercises Exercises • • VocabularyVocabulary


3. 3. I don’t _____ to be an expert on modern art, but I do I don’t _____ to be an expert on modern art, but I do know this painting is ugly!know this painting is ugly!

claimclaim

4.4. When his _____ employers learned that he had had a When his _____ employers learned that he had had a drinking problem, they decided against hiring him.drinking problem, they decided against hiring him.

prospectiveprospective






5.5. The position requires a master’s degree and a _____ of The position requires a master’s degree and a _____ of

two years’ work experiencetwo years’ work experience..

minimumminimum

6. 6. David struggled for years to make it as an actor, but David struggled for years to make it as an actor, but _____ gave up an went back to his musical_____ gave up an went back to his musical career.career.

ultimatelyultimately






7.7. Overseas students are _____ to enroll in all the regular Overseas students are _____ to enroll in all the regular courses, provided they have the necessary courses, provided they have the necessary qualifications.qualifications.

eligibleeligible

8.8. A Korean company is planning to open a factory here, A Korean company is planning to open a factory here, which will provide _____ for about 2,000 people.which will provide _____ for about 2,000 people.

employmentemployment






9.9. I’d always worked in an academic _____, so my new I’d always worked in an academic _____, so my new position as an office manager was a big change for me.position as an office manager was a big change for me.

settingsetting

10.10. It’s much easier for big businesses to get bank _____ It’s much easier for big businesses to get bank _____ than it is for small companies.than it is for small companies.

loansloans






11.11. There’s a new _____ of classical artwork at the museum There’s a new _____ of classical artwork at the museum — do you want to go?— do you want to go?

exhibitexhibit

12.12. The city government’s first _____ is to build a new The city government’s first _____ is to build a new

airport this yearairport this year..

prioritypriority






IV. IV. Rescue these sentences! An underachieving student Rescue these sentences! An underachieving student wrote the sentences below, trying to use an expression wrote the sentences below, trying to use an expression from the text in each one — but he got all the from the text in each one — but he got all the prepositions mixed up. Correct all the sentences, using prepositions mixed up. Correct all the sentences, using expressions from the text, then put a definition, synonym expressions from the text, then put a definition, synonym or translation of the corrected expressions in the spaces or translation of the corrected expressions in the spaces provided.provided.

《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. IV, p. 140Ex. IV, p. 140《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. IV, p. 140Ex. IV, p. 140

1. The school agreed to provide us with $ 1,000 for our 1. The school agreed to provide us with $ 1,000 for our project, but we had to *project, but we had to *come withoutcome without the rest of the the rest of the money ourselves.money ourselves.

correct formcorrect form::

translationtranslation::


筹划筹划


2.2. He works much too hard. If he doesn’t *He works much too hard. If he doesn’t *take some time take some time apartapart he’s going to have a nervous breakdown he’s going to have a nervous breakdown


definitiondefinition: :

take some time offtake some time off

arrange some break/vacation/some time freearrange some break/vacation/some time free

3.3. Stephanie loves acting, and she really *Stephanie loves acting, and she really *throws herself throws herself aboutabout every role. every role.



throw herself intothrow herself into

participate wholeheartedly intoparticipate wholeheartedly into


4.4. We can *We can *get throughget through on our income at the moment, but on our income at the moment, but we’ll need more money when the baby arrives.we’ll need more money when the baby arrives.


synonymsynonym: :

get byget by

make ends meet, manages to survivemake ends meet, manages to survive

5.5. Having been *Having been *upon his ownupon his own for so long, he found it for so long, he found it difficult to *difficult to *adjust atadjust at married life. married life.


synonymsynonym: :

correct form:correct form:

synonymsynonym::

on his ownon his own

independentindependent


adjust toadjust to

be used tobe used to

6.6. I’m *I’m *tired bytired by sitting around the house — let’s go out sitting around the house — let’s go out somewhere.somewhere.


translationtranslation: :

tired oftired of

厌倦了厌倦了


7.7. During the holidays the children were allowed to *During the holidays the children were allowed to *stay stay aroundaround late watching movies on TV. late watching movies on TV.


translationtranslation: :

stay upstay up

熬夜熬夜

8. Jim entered the competition just for fun, but he *8. Jim entered the competition just for fun, but he *ended ended out byout by winning first prize winning first prize



ended upended up

finally and unexpectedly (won)finally and unexpectedly (won)


9.9. * *As forAs for August 1 August 1stst, your salary will be increased by 15%., your salary will be increased by 15%.


synonymsynonym: :

as ofas of

starting fromstarting from

10. If you *10. If you *get put overget put over, just keep trying. You’ll succeed in , just keep trying. You’ll succeed in the end the end



get put downget put down

run into setbacks, barriers…etcrun into setbacks, barriers…etc


1.1. He He finishes his working dayfinishes his working day at 6:30. at 6:30.

2.2. Steve tried to work two jobs in addition to studying full time, but Steve tried to work two jobs in addition to studying full time, but

he just he just wasn’t able to cope with itwasn’t able to cope with it..

gets off (work)gets off (work)

couldn’t take itcouldn’t take it

《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. V, p. 141Ex. V, p. 141《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. V, p. 141Ex. V, p. 141

V. V. Replace the underlined words or expression in the following Replace the underlined words or expression in the following sentences with words or expressions from the text that best sentences with words or expressions from the text that best keep the original meaning.keep the original meaning.


3.3. I think it’s unfair that people who have no I think it’s unfair that people who have no other people that they other people that they

support financiallysupport financially have to pay more taxes. have to pay more taxes.

4.4. We’d better We’d better delaydelay our trip until the weather clears up. our trip until the weather clears up.

dependentsdependents

postponepostpone



5.5. Wishing isn’t enough; you have to be ready to work hard to Wishing isn’t enough; you have to be ready to work hard to

fulfill your dreamfulfill your dream..

6.6. She was so small, she almost had to run in order to stay She was so small, she almost had to run in order to stay next tonext to

me.me.


make your dream come truemake your dream come true

along sidealong side


7.7. When I When I recallrecall my university years, I realize what a luxury it was my university years, I realize what a luxury it was

to have nothing to do but pursue an education.to have nothing to do but pursue an education.

8.8. If you don’t put on some warmer clothes, you’re going to If you don’t put on some warmer clothes, you’re going to get a get a

cold in the endcold in the end..


look back onlook back on

end up with a coldend up with a cold


YYou’re going to hear a conversation related to Text A. The ou’re going to hear a conversation related to Text A. The conversation printed in your textbook is not in the correct conversation printed in your textbook is not in the correct order. As you listen to the first time, number the speeches order. As you listen to the first time, number the speeches in the order in which you hear them. (The first two have in the order in which you hear them. (The first two have been numbered for you as examples.)been numbered for you as examples.)

Exercises Exercises • • ListeningListening

《听说教程 II 》 : Part 3.3, p. 71Part 3.3, p. 71《听说教程 II 》 : Part 3.3, p. 71Part 3.3, p. 71

Answer QuestionsAnswer QuestionsAnswer QuestionsAnswer Questions

Answer QuestionsAnswer Questions

1.1. When Fiona hears Chris’s bad news, what’s her first idea?When Fiona hears Chris’s bad news, what’s her first idea?

That Chris will probably find a job.

2.2. What is Chris’s first argument in favor of student loans?What is Chris’s first argument in favor of student loans?

They are easy to get.


3.3. What is Fiona’s first argument What is Fiona’s first argument against against student loans?student loans?

It isn’t much fun paying them back.

4.4. What is it that Chris “think(s) (he) could manage”?What is it that Chris “think(s) (he) could manage”?

Making ends meet on a loan.



5.5. What is it that “takes some discipline”, in Fiona’s opinion?What is it that “takes some discipline”, in Fiona’s opinion?

Working and studying at the same time.



ScriptScriptScriptScript


11 Fiona:Fiona: What’s wrong, Chris? You look depressed.What’s wrong, Chris? You look depressed.

22 Chris: Chris: I am depressed. I was just at the financial aid I am depressed. I was just at the financial aid office. My application for a scholarship’s been office. My application for a scholarship’s been turned down.turned down.

33 Fiona:Fiona: Oh no! So does this mean you’re going to be Oh no! So does this mean you’re going to be joining the working world like the rest of us?joining the working world like the rest of us?

44 Chris: Chris: No, I don’t like the idea of working and studying No, I don’t like the idea of working and studying at the same time. I think I’ll apply for a student at the same time. I think I’ll apply for a student loan. They’re easy to get, and I know I’m eligible loan. They’re easy to get, and I know I’m eligible for one.for one.

55 Fiona:Fiona: Oh, I wouldn’t do that! Sure! A loan lets you Oh, I wouldn’t do that! Sure! A loan lets you concentrate on your studies, but it isn’t much fun concentrate on your studies, but it isn’t much fun when it’s time to pay it back.when it’s time to pay it back.

66 Chris: Chris: But you don’t have to start repaying it until after But you don’t have to start repaying it until after you graduate. That could take me years! And you graduate. That could take me years! And besides, after I pay it back, I’ll have a credit besides, after I pay it back, I’ll have a credit history, so it’ll be easier to get a credit card or a history, so it’ll be easier to get a credit card or a bank loan.bank loan.

77 Fiona:Fiona: Well, that’s true. But most of the people I know Well, that’s true. But most of the people I know who got student loans have trouble making ends who got student loans have trouble making ends meet — the loans just aren’t big enough. Once meet — the loans just aren’t big enough. Once you’ve paid your tuition, there’s hardly any you’ve paid your tuition, there’s hardly any money left to live on.money left to live on.

88 Chris: Chris: Oh, I think I could manage. I don’t need a lot of Oh, I think I could manage. I don’t need a lot of luxuries.luxuries.

99 Fiona:Fiona: Well, I still think you should look into the Well, I still think you should look into the work/study program instead of applying for a work/study program instead of applying for a loan. Just think: If you get a job, you end up with loan. Just think: If you get a job, you end up with an employment history, and that makes it easier an employment history, and that makes it easier to get other jobs in the future.to get other jobs in the future.

1010 Chris: Chris: Yeah, I know, but I came to college to study, not Yeah, I know, but I came to college to study, not to work. I’ve seen how tired you get, trying to to work. I’ve seen how tired you get, trying to work and study at the same time. I don’t think I work and study at the same time. I don’t think I could mange it.could mange it.

1111 Fiona:Fiona: It’s true it takes some discipline, but you get used It’s true it takes some discipline, but you get used to it. Besides, having a job can be interesting. to it. Besides, having a job can be interesting. Sometimes I think I’m learning more at work Sometimes I think I’m learning more at work than I am from some of my classes!than I am from some of my classes!

AssignmentAssignment

1.1. Ex. VI, p. 141Ex. VI, p. 141

2.2. Ex. VII, p. 142Ex. VII, p. 142

3.3. Ex. VIII, p. 142Ex. VIII, p. 142

4.4. Ex. XIII, p. 145Ex. XIII, p. 145

5.5. Ex. XIV, p. 145Ex. XIV, p. 145

6.6. Preview Text B Preview Text B

unit 5 : part a unit 5 : part a 21st century college english: book 2 holding on to a dream

Documents

ba dream

solvedfinancial problem

time youll

real student

working world

forms of aid

way repeat

forms of financial support