Unit 4(C):Unit 4(C):VisionVision

Mr. McCormickMr. McCormick

A.P. PsychologyA.P. Psychology

Do-NowDo-Now(Discussion)(Discussion)

Raise your hand if you are either Raise your hand if you are either nearsightednearsighted or or farsightedfarsighted..

What What causes causes NearsightednessNearsightedness (Myopia) (Myopia) and and FarsightednessFarsightedness (Hyperopia)(Hyperopia)??

TransductionTransduction

Transduction:Transduction: Conversion of one form of energy into anotherConversion of one form of energy into another Transformation of stimulus energies, such as Transformation of stimulus energies, such as

sights, sounds, and smells into neural sights, sounds, and smells into neural impulses the brain can interpretimpulses the brain can interpret

The Stimulus Input: Light EnergyThe Stimulus Input: Light Energy

VisibleSpectrum

The Stimulus Input: Light EnergyThe Stimulus Input: Light Energy

Wavelength:Wavelength: The distance from the peak The distance from the peak

of one light or sound wave of one light or sound wave to the peak of the nextto the peak of the next

Hue:Hue: Dimension of color that is Dimension of color that is

perceivedperceived Determined by the Determined by the

wavelength of lightwavelength of light E.g. green, blueE.g. green, blue

Wavelength (Hue)Wavelength (Hue)

400 nm 700 nmLong wavelengthsShort wavelengths

Violet Indigo Blue Green Yellow Orange Red

Different wavelengths of light resultin different colors.

The Stimulus Input: Light EnergyThe Stimulus Input: Light Energy

Intensity:Intensity: The amount of energy in a light or sound waveThe amount of energy in a light or sound wave Determined by the wave’s amplitudeDetermined by the wave’s amplitude E.g. brightness (vision), loudness (hearing)E.g. brightness (vision), loudness (hearing)

Intensity (Brightness)Intensity (Brightness)

Blue color with varying levels of intensity.As intensity increases or decreases, blue color

looks more “washed out” or “darkened.”

AccommodationAccommodation

Accommodation:Accommodation: The process by which the eye’s lens changes shape to focus The process by which the eye’s lens changes shape to focus

near or far objects on the retinanear or far objects on the retina

The EyeThe Eye

The RetinaThe Retina

Receptors in the Human EyeReceptors in the Human Eye

Demonstration: Rods and ConesDemonstration: Rods and Cones

When looking at When looking at

something through your something through your peripheral visionperipheral vision, ,

why is it why is it difficultdifficult to to

determine its determine its ccoolloorr??

The Optic Nerve, The Optic Nerve, Blind Spot, and FoveaBlind Spot, and Fovea

Demonstration:Demonstration:Test Your Blind SpotTest Your Blind Spot

Directions:Directions: Looking at your sheet, close your left eye, and fixate your right Looking at your sheet, close your left eye, and fixate your right

eye on the black dot. Move the page towards your eye and away eye on the black dot. Move the page towards your eye and away from your eye. At some point the car on the right will disappear from your eye. At some point the car on the right will disappear due to a blind spot.due to a blind spot.

Visual Information ProcessingVisual Information Processing

Parallel ProcessingParallel Processing

From Sensation to RecognitionFrom Sensation to Recognition

Young-Helmholtz Trichromatic Theory Young-Helmholtz Trichromatic Theory and Color Blindnessand Color Blindness

Ishihara Test

Color Blindness is a genetic disorder, Color Blindness is a genetic disorder, in which people are blind to green or red colors. in which people are blind to green or red colors.

This supports the Trichromatic Theory.This supports the Trichromatic Theory.

Opponent-Process TheoryOpponent-Process Theory

Opponent-Process TheoryOpponent-Process Theory

ReviewReview

When looking at an object, what When looking at an object, what determinesdetermines the the colorcolor and and brightnessbrightness that we that we perceiveperceive??

Discuss the Discuss the pathpath in which in which lightlight travels between travels between entering the entering the eyeeye and reaching the and reaching the brainbrain..

What is What is parallel processingparallel processing??

DifferentiateDifferentiate between the between the Young-Helmholtz Young-Helmholtz Trichromatic TheoryTrichromatic Theory and the and the Opponent-Process Opponent-Process TheoryTheory of vision.of vision.

HomeworkHomework

Research Study Response #5: Research Study Response #5: “Take a “Take a Long Look” (Pgs. 36-42)Long Look” (Pgs. 36-42)

Unit 4 FRQUnit 4 FRQ

Unit 4 Quiz:Unit 4 Quiz: “Sensation and Perception”“Sensation and Perception” (W) 11/16/11(W) 11/16/11