unit 3: revolutionary war ch. 5 deciding where loyalties lie 1763-1776
TRANSCRIPT
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Unit 3: Revolutionary War
Ch. 5 Deciding Where Loyalties Lie 1763-
1776
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Dealing with Indian & French Canadian Resistance
British P.M. George Grenville set out to solve the empire’s new problemsIssued the Proclamation of
1763Colonists violated it
Allowed the French-speaking Catholic Canadians to preserve their religious & cultural ways
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Revenue Taxes
Passed acts designed to raise tax revenues in the colonies to pay for F/I WarSugar Act 1764Quartering Act 1765Stamp Act 1765
First direct tax on the colonistsRequired the use of govt-stamped paper,
signifying the payment of the tax, on almost 50 different documents
Would affect everyone
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American Reaction to the Taxes
Sons of LibertySamuel AdamsStages public
demonstrations & protests
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American Reaction to the Taxes
Patrick Henry introduced 7 resolutions denouncing the Stamp Act“no taxation without
representation” Most colonial assemblies
followed VA’s lead & issued statements condemning the Stamp Act
“virtual representation”
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American Reaction to the Taxes
Oct. 1765 delegates from 9 colonies met at the Stamp Act Congress in New York CityClaimed that only
colonial legislatures had the authority to tax the colonists
Significance – break down sectional divisions
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American Reaction to the Taxes
Colonists agreed to boycott British goods, leading to the spread of the non-importation movementArtisans & laborers saw the chance to sell
their own goodsWomen agreed to make homespun cloth as
a replacement to British textiles
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Repeal of the Stamp Act
Stamp Act was repealed (March 1766), but then replaced with the Declaratory ActReaffirmed Parliament’s
right to pass legislation for & raise taxes from the colonies
Lord Rockingham replaced Grenville.
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The Townshend Acts & Colonial Protest
New P.M. Charles Townshend imposed new indirect taxes on the colonies through the Townshend ActsTaxed imported items including
glass, paper, paint, & lead products
Also placed a three-penny tax on tea
Ordered new customs boards to collect the taxes
Relocated “redcoats” to port cities to keep the peace
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The Townshend Acts & Colonial Protest
John Dickinson wrote a pamphlet titled “Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania”Claimed the T.A. violated the
principle of “no taxation w/o representation”
Criticized “virtual representation”
Another massive boycott of British goods began in 1768
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Boston Massacre
Facing the breakdown of law & order in Boston, the governor requested the support of British soldiers (1768)
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Boston Massacre
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The Crisis Renewed
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Disturbing the Peace of the Early 1770s
In March 1770, the new P.M. Lord North repealed all taxes, except that on teaPeriod of relative peace set in,
but only temporarily
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Disturbing the Peace of the Early 1770s
June 1772, Rhode Island merchants sought revenge on customs operationsLocal men boarded the Gaspee, looted it, & torched itColonists viewed this as an
act of political resistanceRepresented a shift toward
more militant tactics
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Disturbing the Peace of the Early 1770s
Colonies organized the Committees of Correspondence to keep alive opposition to British policies by spreading ideas & info