Unit 3Deaf and Hard of Hearing

Prepared by: Cicilia Evi GradDiplSc., M. Psi

Definition

• Deaf profound hearing loss can’t understand sounds with/out hearing aids

• Hard of hearing hearing losses that impair understanding of sounds and communication profit from listening devices and other hearing tech that enable them to comprehend oral speech and communication

Brief History

• Used to be ridiculed and persecuted, put them to death they consider themselves as minority

• 1500s Pedro Ponce de Leon, a monk from Spain first deaf teacher teach his students to write, read and speak

• Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet start the first special school for the deaf in the US mainly with sign language

Brief History (2)

• Gallaudet and Laurent Clerc, a deaf Frenchman and now is known as father of the Deaf culture in the US

• “Hundred Years War” Edward Gallaudet and Alexander Graham Bell (p. 333)

• 1950s electronic hearing aids make the sounds a little louder

Deaf Culture

• Structures of social relationships, language (ASL), dance, theater, literature, and other cultural activities that bind the Deaf community

• ASL American Sign Language used by the Deaf culture a fully developed language and not parallel to English structure or word order

American Sign Language

Challenges

• Students with moderate hearing loss profit from hearing aids, not even qualify for special education services but tend to be overlooked

• Students who use oral language • Students who use sign language separate

them from hearing community issues on ASL as primary language and Eng as the 2nd

Types of Hearing Loss

• Conductive hearing loss– Due to damage or obstruction to the outer or

middle ear that obstruct transfer of sound to the inner ear

– Mild to moderate; temporary • Sensorineural hearing loss– Due to damage to the inner ear or the auditory

nerve– Harder to correct

Degree of Hearing Loss

• Read p. 338 from MacKenzie (2007)• Residual hearing the amount of functional

hearing a person has

Age of Onset

• Prelingually deaf having lost ability to hear before developing language– 70% genetics– Interfere soc comm and academic performance

• Postlingually deaf having lost ability to hear after developing language; acquired deafness– Able to retain their abilities to use speech and to

communicate with others orally– Profit from cochlear implants

Cochlear Implant

Causes

• Heredity and genetics sensorineural • Meningitis affect central nervous system, after

birth• Otitis media infections in middle ear results in

an accumulation of fluid behind the eardrum that interrupt process of hearing

• Noise Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) reason for 22 million cases in teens and adults due to level of noise TIME report

Prevention

• Educate the students on the danger of noise and let them know the decibel levels of their environment above 80 is dangerous

• Reduce the volume of iPod or mp3 player volume locked

• Immunizations against maternal rubella

Overcoming Challenges

• Assistive listening devices (ALDs) equipment that helps improve use of residual hearing

• Hearing aids, audio loops, FM transmission devices (read p. 344-345)

• Cochlear implants for those with sensorineural hearing losses – Before 1st birthday– For adults allow them to hear and understand

sounds again

Assessments

• Universal newborn hearing screening testing all newborns for hearing loss 3-4 months old

• Early identification allow services begin immediately and sets the stage for better language and cognitive development

• Help to make decision regarding cochlear implants

Teaching Students

• Access to general education curriculum (p. 352 - 354)

• Instructional Accommodations modifying the instructions for inclusive environment, understand student’s needs

• Communication system oral only, total communication, cued speech, ASL, bilingual-bicultural

• Scaffolding differentiating instruction

Technology

• Assistive Listening Device• Telecommunication Devices• Speech-to-Text translations• Alerting Devices

Read p. 358 - 360

For their future …

• Transition Gallaudet University • Collaboration p. 361• Partnership with Family and Communities p.

363