UNIT 3 Chapter 21 in Text

MR. VERDONE

GLOBAL STUDIES II

KECSS

�European monarchs of the 1600s claimed they had absolute power to rule because God gave them their power to govern

The theory that justifies a monarch’s authority is called DIVINE RIGHT From the 15th to18th Centuries, absolute monarchs of Europe and Asia �

sought to CENTRALIZE their political power. �CENTRALIZATION = Absolute monarchs determined government

policies without the consent of their people

Absolute Mughal ruler of India who modernized and expanded his empire by using ideas from other cultures

Strengthened India by promoting religious tolerance

Niccolò Machiavelli (The Prince) Thomas Hobbes (Leviathan) Both advocated that a ruler should employ absolute power

to maintain order in the areas under their rule

Louis XIV is credited with saying “L état, c est moi” ʼ ʼ (I am the state). He promoted culture by supporting the arts He drained France’s treasury by building the lavish Palace at

Versailles and involving France in costly wars France did gain territory in the Netherlands (Dutch) in 1667 in an

effort to expand its boundaries

Phillip II gained much wealth from Spain’s overseas empire in the Americas

He believed he was the defender of Catholicism against the Muslims of the Ottoman Empire and the Protestant Reformation

He waged war against the Protestants in Europe and lost

He believed in divine right He also recognized the value of good relations with

Parliament (England’s lawmaking body) 1529 – asked Parliament to pass a series of laws to limit

the Pope’s power in England

Charles I inherited the throne and imprisoned his foes without a trial. He dissolved Parliament because he did not want to consult with them

when he increased taxes. Charles I stormed the English Parliament to arrest its radical leaders

and the English Civil War (1642–1651) ensued. Supporters of the king (Cavaliers) faced off against supporters of

Parliament (Roundheads). Parliament won and Charles I was executed.

Also known as Suleiman the Lawgiver or Suleiman I (Suleyman is an alternate spelling)

Muslim ruler who held complete religious and political power

Great military leader who created a strict law code Fought against corruption, bribes, and did not allow

imprisonment without trial Conquered parts of the Mediterranean and North Africa

•Peter the Great WESTERNIZED Russia He tried to modernize (westernize)Russian society by incorporating

western technology into the military and industry He demanded that boyars (Russian nobles) shave their beards and

replace their old fashioned robes with Western-style clothes. Expanded Russian territory by fighting Sweden to gain a piece of the

Baltic Coast Peter wanted a warm-water port for better trading opportunities Peter the Great established the city of St. Petersburg on the Baltic Sea

The documents and events in the following slides led to a constitutional monarchy in England

Constitutional monarchy – a monarch’s rule is limited by Parliament (elected government officials) and documents that guarantee civil liberties

Example – Prime Minister is elected by the majority party in Parliament today

List of feudal rights that limited the power of King John during the Middle Ages

Document was drafted by English nobles and approved by John

Rights = no taxation without representation, a jury trial, and protection by the law

Guaranteed what are now considered basic rights in the U.S. and England

Prohibited King Charles I from raising taxes without Parliament’s consent

Also prevented imprisonment without legal justification

Habeas corpus is the principle that no person can be held in prison without first being charged with a specific crime

Passed during the rule of King Charles II

The bloodless overthrow of James II who offended his subjects by displaying his Catholicism

King James II fled for France when William of Orange (Netherlands) led his army to London

James’s daughter, Mary, married William Parliament offered the throne to King William and Queen Mary Parliament agreed to joint rule with the monarch Established limited monarchy and a constitutional monarchy

John Locke was one of the most important political thinkers of the time

Locke opposed absolute monarchy He believed in natural rights of life, liberty, and property Purpose of government is to protect these three rights Citizens have the right to overthrow the government if they fail to

protect these rights Locke’s ideas were later used by leaders of the American Revolution

as the basis for their struggle

Before they could be crowned, Parliament had William and Mary agree to accept this bill

Bill of Rights ensured the superiority of Parliament over the monarchy

Monarchs could NOT : prohibit freedom of speech from Parliament suspend Parliament’s laws pass taxes without Parliament’s consent Punish citizens for grieving against the king or queen