UNIT 2: REVIEW

Chapters 5-7

Question 1:

■These laws restricted the trade of the colonies by requiring all colonial trade to go through Britain; But these laws helped make the colonists money because it gave them a monopoly on British trade

Answer:

•NAVIGATION LAWS

Prompt #2Prompt #2Identify 6 characteristics

or consequences of the Great Awakening

■Characteristics:–Enthusiastic preaching (“fire & passion”)–Attacked secularism & old light churches–Free will (arminianism) not predestination–Not a unified religious movement –First “national” event in American history –“Camp revivals” to 1,000s in attendance

■Consequences:–Increased colonial unity – Alternative denominations grew (Baptists & Methodists; New

Lights)

–New universities to challenge Harvard etc.

–Encouraged challenging authority

Prompt #3Prompt #3Identify 3 important facts

about the Albany Congress

Albany Congress■ Meeting in 1754 to discuss Indian attacks on

western frontier■ Reveals a common colonial problem■ Ben Franklin proposes Albany Plan of Union—

a continental army funded by colonial taxes■ Rejected by colonial assemblies; Don’t want to

pay for it & don’t trust other colonies to direct the army

■ Rejected by Parliament (too much power)

■ Revealed lack of colonial unity before F&I War

Prompt # 4Prompt # 4 Identify 3 causes

& 3 effects of the

French & Indian War

French & Indian War■Causes:

– Imperial competition (England v France)

–Colonial expansion into the Ohio River Valley

–Washington’s attack on Fort Duquesne

■Effects:

–France lost its North American colonies & India

–Spain gained lands west of Miss River

–Britain gained lands east of Miss River, Florida, India, & the West Indian slave trade

–British war debts

–End of salutary neglect & rise of parliamentary sov

Prompt #5Prompt #5Identify the following

1. William Pitt2. Declaratory Act (1766)3. Circular Letter (1767)4. First Continental Congress

(1774) 5. Prohibitory Act (1775)6. Second Continental Congress

(1775-1777)

1. William Pitt—PM during French & Indian War whose “blank check” led to British win & debts

2. Declaratory Act—reasserted Parl Sovereignty after the Stamp Act was repealed

3. Circular Letter—sent by MA legislature to encourage boycotting Townshend Acts; led to dissolution of the MA assembly

4. 1St Continental Congress—met to protest Intolerable Acts & find ways to support Boston

5. Prohibitory Act—British restrictions of trade, blocked ports, hired Hessians in response to 2nd Continental Congress

6. 2nd Continental Congress—formed colonial army under Washington after Lex/Concord

Prompt #6Prompt #6 Identify 5 revenue taxes

imposed by England

Revenue Taxes■ Sugar Act (1764/ Updated Molasses Act)

*first to be imposed specifically to raise money for the crown

■ Stamp Act

■ Currency Act (1764) – British restricted colonial printing of paper money

– - Wanted colonists to pay back debts and taxes with hard currency (gold and silver).

■ Quartering Acts (1765)

■ “Grenville Acts”

■ Townshend Acts

■ (Tea Act of 1773 was not a revenue tax)

Prompt #7Prompt #7Name 4 examples of

“Parliamentary Sovereignty” imposed upon the

colonies before the revolution

“Parliamentary Sovereignty”■ Proclamation Line of 1763■ Sugar, Stamp, Currency, Quartering Acts

(“Grenville Acts”, 1764-65)

■ Declaratory Act (1766)

■ Townshend Acts (1767)

■ Dissolved the MA colonial assembly (1767)

■ Intolerable (Coercive) Acts (1774)

■ Quebec Act (1774)

■ Prohibitory Act (1775)

Prompt #8Prompt #8 Identify 3 cause & effect relationships, 1763-1776

(“Event X” led to “Reaction Y”)

■ F&I War → British debts; Revenue taxes■ Sugar Act → “no taxation w/out rep” but no

mass protest■ Stamp Act → Stamp Act Congress; boycotts,

Sons of Liberty formed■ Boycotts → Repeal of Stamp/Townshend Acts ■ Circular Letter → No more MA assembly■ Tea Act, 1773 → Boston Tea Party■ Boston Tea Party → Intolerable/Coercive Acts■ Intolerable Acts → 1st CC & Suffolk Resolves■ Lex/Concord → Am. Rev, 2nd CC, Cont Army ■ Continental Army → Prohibitory Act ■ Common Sense → Dec of Independence

James Otis who? Grenville’s response: colonies had "virtual representation" in Parliament ■ All British subjects were represented, even those who did not vote for members in Parliament.

■Colonists dismissed "virtual representation“– "No taxation w/o representation"

■ ii. Did not really want "direct representation" (actual representation) ■ -Would mean increased taxes (as in Britain) ■ -- Increased responsibilities to the crown ■ -- Colonial reps. would be heavily outnumbered in ■ Parliament

Prompt #9Prompt #9Name 3 impacts of

“Salutary Neglect” on the American colonies

before the revolution

■ Formation of colonial assemblies■ Ability of colonies to create their own laws/taxes■ More democracy in the colonies than in Britain■ Relaxed emigration policy led to rapid

population growth■ Regional diversity among the colonies because

colonists, not the king, could dictate the “personality” of their colony

■ “Free trade” until the Navigation Acts of 1660■ Weak royal governors (paid by assemblies)■ Precedent for democratic self-gov’t that would

allow for a republican form of gov’t after 1783

Salutary Neglect

Prompt #10Prompt #10 Identify 3 changes &

3 continuities in America from

1763 to 1783

Changes: 1. Salutary neglect → parl. sovereignty2. British colonies → independent states3. Lack of colonial unity → unified “patriots”4. Spanish lost Florida → Spanish regained FL5. British control of Ohio Valley → American

Continuities:1. Self-govt was democratic but legislatures were

controlled by the elite land owners2. Slavery remained in place3. Patriarchal society4. Gap between rich & poor was wide5. Britain was still the dominant trade partner 6. Regions had different economies, cultures