UNIT 2: NATURAL ENVIRONMENTRevision Booklet

Name: ________________________________

Exam Date:

Time:

Grade %

A* 90

A 80

B 70

C 60

D 50

E 40

F 30

G 20

U 0-19

A. TECTONIC LANDSCAPESKey Term Definition

Hot Spot

Focus

Epicentre

Richter Scale

Mercalli Scale

Primary Effect

Secondary Effect

Convergent Boundary

Divergent Boundary

Conservative Boundary

HIC

LIC

Paci

fic

N A

mer

ican

DESTRUCTIVE Nazca

(Andes Mts.) (Himalaya Mts.)

(Mid-Atlantic Ridge.)

(San Andreas Fault.)

COLLISION

CONSTRUCTIVE CONSERVATIVE

S American Eurasian Indo-Aust.

N American Eurasian

EARTHQUAKES VOLCANOES

ECONOMIC

SOCIAL

ENVIRONMENTAL

Why Live In Areas Of Earthquake And Volcanic Activity?

Explain why people still live in areas of volcanic activity.

(6)

Explain why people still live in areas of earthquake activity.

(6)

Case Study: HAITI EARTHQUAKE

INFO. / BACKGROUND

Date: 12th January 2010Time: 16:53 (local time)Magnitude: 7.0Focus: 13km below surface (shallow)Epicentre: 16km SW of Port-au-Prince (Pop. 3 million)

CAUSES

EFFECTSPeople

- An estimated three million people were affected by the earthquake.- Haitian Government reports that 217,000 - 230,000 people identified as dead. - Estimated 300,000 injured.- Estimated 1,000,000 homeless. - Estimated that 250,000 residences and 30,000 commercial buildings had collapsed or were severely damaged.

Environment

Haiti is situated to the north of the Caribbean Plate, on a conservative

plate boundary with the North American Plate. The North American plate is moving west. This movement

is not smooth and there is friction between the North American Plate and the Caribbean Plate. Pressure

builds between the two plates until it is released as an earthquake. The earthquake was caused by a slip

along an existing fault in this area (Enriquillo-Plaintain Garden fault).

June 2010

Choose a volcanic eruption or an earthquake you have studied. Explain the effects of the volcanic eruption or earthquake on the people and the environment.

(6)

Choose a volcanic eruption or an earthquake you have studied. Explain its causes.

(6)

Prediction And Prevention Of The Effects Of Earthquakes And Volcanoes

EARTHQUAKES VOLCANOES

Explain how the effects of earthquakes can be reduced through planning before the event. Use examples in your answer.

(6)

Explain how the effects of volcanic eruptions can be reduced through planning before the event. Use examples in your answer.

(6)

B. A WASTEFUL WORLDKey Term Definition

Carbon Footprint

Recycling

Landfill

Incineration

DOMESTIC LOCAL NATIONAL

Waste recycling Camden

Waste Disposal Germany

Solutions To Energy Wastage In UK At Home Eastcroft District, Nottingham UK (National Policies)

Why Do HICs And LICs Produce Different Types / Amounts Of Waste?

Waste Produced Why?

LICsE.g. Philippines

HICsE.g. UK

How Waste Is Recycled At A Local Scale

CAMDEN (North London)

Choose a local area you have studied. Explain how it recycles its waste.

(6)

Paper Plastic Bottles

GlassCardboard

Aluminium Cans

White Goods Collection

Cooker

Dishwasher

Washing Machine

Collected free of charge (arrange collection time)

Take to Regis Road yourself

OR

RECYCLED

Doorstep Reusable Furniture Collection

(arrange collection time)

Hazardous Waste Collection(arrange collection time)

Recycling On The Go!

Mini recycling centres by the roadside.

Recycling bins in 3 parks.

Estate RecyclingCollection once per week

Bins for glass, paper etc. For housing estates.

Can request bins for estate.

REGIS ROADRecycling & Reuse Centre

Open daily 8am – 3.45pmPaper, Cardboard, Glass, Plastic Bottles, Aluminium

Cans, Hard Plastics, Rubble, Paper Food Cartons, Oil, Batteries, Light Bulbs, Metals, Electricals

Separate waste before arrival.

Anything put in ‘household waste’ incinerated.Kitchen Waste Scheme

2004 – council collecting 85,000 tonnes household waste per year.2006 – council developed waste strategy. Targets:

1. Increase household recycling participation to 60%2. Increase amount of recycling collected from housing estates by 10%3. Trial a kitchen waste scheme.4. Recycle 70% of rubbish brought to Regis Road Centre.

Doorstep RecyclingCollection once per week

2x collections per week of non-recyclable waste.

Regis Road recycling rates:2004 – 58%2008 – 70%

Trialled August 2008 (now rolled out). Kitchen caddy (23 litre – 240 litre bin) kept outside. Emptied weekly. All cooked and raw foods (meat, fish, pasta, rice, vegetables, fruit, cheese, teabags).

How Waste Is Recycled At A Local Scale

CAMDEN (North London)

Choose a local area you have studied. Explain how it recycles its waste.

(6)

The Ways In Which HICs Dispose Of Different Types Of Waste

GERMANY

Choose a HIC you have studied. Explain how it disposes of different types of waste.

(6)

RENEWABLE Fuels

NON-RENEWABLE Fuels

How Energy is Wasted On A Domestic ScaleSolutions To Energy Wastage On A Domestic Scale

Solutions To Energy Wastage On A Local Scale

EASTCROFT, NOTTINGHAM

Choose a local area you have studied. Explain its solutions to energy wastage.

(6)

Carbon Footprints

Solutions To Energy Wastage At NATIONAL scale: UK

Choose a country you have studied. Explain its solutions to energy wastage on a national scale.

(6)

1. State the obvious! (One sentence – give the general trend/pattern).E.g. Even/Uneven, Clustered/Linear, Dense/Sparse etc.

2. Give an example/examples to support 1.(Name places/features from the map).

3. Describe any anomalies (something that doesn’t fit the pattern).E.g. All/None, Highest/Lowest etc.

* Refer to ALL information given on the map(place names, numbers, compass directions etc.).

Repeat as often as necessary

1. State the obvious! (One sentence – give the general trend/pattern).E.g. Increasing/Decreasing, Positive/Negative Correlation etc.

2. Pick out detail from the graph – use adjectives/adverbs.E.g. Increasing quickly, Gradually decreasing etc.

3. Quote figures/data from the graph – use numbers/dates.

4. Name any anomalies or anything that stands out on graph).E.g. Highest/lowest values, sudden decreases/increases etc..

* Refer to ALL information given on the graph(years, place names, numbers, percentages , and...don’t forget the units!

This is an easy one! There’s only one thing to remember if given a photograph......

1. Pick out features/activities that you can SEE in the photograph and refer to them specifically in your answer.

I.e. Don’t describe things that you can’t see in the photograph just because you think it should be there.

Describing a photograph......

Describing a map...... Describing a graph......

1. Read the question carefully – in full.

2. Underline all command words and instructionsE.g. Describe / Explain / Outline / Compare / Use examples / Use data

3. Look at how many marks the question is worth(see next page)

4. Answer the question (don’t include information that isn’t asked for – it won’t earn you any marks and will waste your time and space on the paper).

Answering GCSE Questions......

6 Marks

L11-2

L23-4

L35-6

4

6

1 2

3

5

1x Generic Description

2x Generic Descriptions

3x Specific Points Every Point

Clearly Explained

1x Generic Explanation

AND1x Specific point

3x Specific Points OR

1x Specific Point + Explanation Of

It

More Than 3x Specific Points

Every Point Clearly Explained

BASI

CCL

EAR

EXPL

ICIT

L1

4 Marks

42 31

L1

1 Mark

1

2 Marks

L1

1 2

L1

3 Marks

1 2 3

L23-4

L11-2

4 Marks

21

3 4

L2

L1

1

2

2 Marks

Answering Exam Questions......