SOLUTIONS(UNIT TWO, LESSON 2.4)BY MARGIELENE D. JUDAN

LESSON OUTLINE

Solutions (Video)Types of SolutionsConcentrations of Solutions

Before we watch the video, copy these questions first in your notebook. Be sure to make spaces for your answers. You will find the answers on the video.

1. What is a solvent?

2. What is a solute?

3. Give examples of solvent and solute?

4. Give examples of dissolvable and non-dissolvable in water.

5. What are the factors that affect solubility?

ANSWER FOR 5 MINUTES IN YOUR NOTEBOOK:

1. What is a solvent?

2. What is a solute?

3. Give examples of solvent and solute.

4. Give examples of soluble and insoluble substances in water.

5. What are the factors that affect solubility?

1. WHAT IS A SOLVENT?

The one that dissolves soluteIt makes up most of the solutionWater is the universal solvent

2. WHAT IS A SOLUTE?

That one that is being dissolved in the solvent

They are less than solvents.

3. GIVE EXAMPLES OF SOLVENT AND SOLUTE.

Solvents are those that dissolves the solutes. They usually make up most of the volume of a solution.

(ex. Solvents- water, oil; Solutes- salt, sugar)

4. GIVE EXAMPLES OF SOLUBLE AND INSOLUBLE SUBSTANCES IN WATER.

Miscible means soluble (ex. sugar, salt, juice powder, milk powder, soil)

Immiscible means insoluble (ex. oil, sand, white pepper, rubber, paper)

5. WHAT ARE THE FACTORS THAT AFFECT SOLUBILITY?

MixingQuantity of solventTemperature TimePressureNature of solute and solvent (miscible and

immiscible)

TYPES OF SOLUTIONS

Saturated solutionsUnsaturated solutionsSupersaturated solutions

SATURATED SOLUTIONS

Contains the maximum amount of solute dissolved in a given amount of solvent

If you add more solute to the solvent, it won’t dissolve anymore.

UNSATURATED SOLUTIONS

Contains less dissolved solute than a saturated solution under given temperature and pressure.

Solubility changes with temperature.

SUPERSATURATED SOLUTIONS

Contains more dissolved solute than a saturated given the same temperature (ex. cloud seeding)

Becomes unstable, crystals formCan be created by heating the solution then cooling it down

CONCENTRATIONS OF SOLUTIONS

Concentrated – contains larger amount of solute than the solvent

Diluted – contains small amount of solute

CONCENTRATIONS OF SOLUTIONS

Concentrated is not the same with saturated neither diluted with unsaturated!

CONCENTRATIONS OF SOLUTIONS

We determine the amount of solute by two types:

1. Mass

2. Volume

PERCENT BY MASS

Percent by mass = Mass of solute

Mass of solutionX 100

PERCENT BY VOLUME

Percent by mass = Volume of solute

Volume of solutionX 100

DISCUSSION: NOTEBOOK

1. Find the percent by mass of the following solutes:

a. 70 g of salt in 350 g solution

b. 1 kg of sugar in 2 kg solution

DISCUSSION: NOTEBOOK

2. Find the percent by volume of the following solutes:

a. 250 mL oil in 750 mL of water

b. 1 L of chlorine in 1,000 L pool solution

ANSWERS:

1. Find the percent by mass of the following solutes:

a. 70 g of salt in 350 g solution

70 g 350 g 100 = 20%

b. 1 kg of sugar in 2 kg solution

1 kg 2 g 100 = 50%

ANSWERS:

2. Find the percent by volume of the following solutes:

a. 250 mL oil in 750 mL of water

250 mL (750 mL + 250 mL) 100

250 mL 1,000 mL 100 = 25%

Based on the formula, we divide the volume of solvent by the volume of solution, not by the volume of solvent.

Volume of solution = vol. of solute + vol. of solvent

ANSWERS:

2. Find the percent by volume of the following solutes:

b. 1 L of chlorine in 1,000 L pool solution

1 L 1,000 L 100 = 0.1%

ASSIGNMENT: NOTEBOOK

1. Find the percent by mass of the following solutes:

a. 80 g of oil in 5600 g solution

b. 100 g of juice powder in 900 g water

ASSIGNMENT: NOTEBOOK

2. Find the percent by volume of the following solutes:

a. 25 mL ice cube in 875 mL of oil

b. 500 mL of chlorine in 1,000 L pool solution

SOURCES:

Science Links 7 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e-

2EoyDYamg