unit 2 – lecture 2. ecology ecology - the relationship between an org and its environment includes...
TRANSCRIPT
Unit 2 – Lecture 2
EcologyEcology -
the relationship between an org and its environment
Includes relationships betweenbiotic and other biotic factorsbiotic and abiotic factors
Important ConceptsHabitat –
where an org lives [tree, lake,
burrow…etc] Niche –
what an org doesmaking dams, eat-
ing certain orgs, etc.
EVERYTHINGit does, basically.
Biotic Biotic RelationshipsSymbiosis – a relationship between 2 orgs
three types that we will cover:mutualism – benefit-benefit
often referred to as simply symbiosis, but you must use the more specific term
commensalism – benefit-unaffectedparasitism – benefit-harm
Discuss
Come up with 2 examples of each of the symbiotic relationships:
mutualism [benefit-benefit]commensalism [unaffected-benefit]
parasitism [harmed-benefit]
BioticBiotic cont’dOther – Non Symbiotic – Relationships
Predator-Prey – one org feeds off of the other
Competition – organisms compete for the same
resources
Food Chains & Food WebsDo Not list humans, decomposers, or
scavengers.detritovore – feeds off of detritus [dead or
decaying organic matter] – decomposers/scavengers
Food Chain – a linear representation of feeding chains are linear – a single lineex:
Food Chains & Webs – cont’d
Food Web – a branched & often interconnected representation of feeding webs have many branches and
interconnectionsex:
Descriptive Org TermsAutotroph – an organism which makes its
own food“auto-” – self “troph” – nutrients / food / feederaka producerexamples?
Descriptive Org Terms – cont’dHeterotroph – cannot make its own food,
feeds off of other organisms“hetero” – different aka consumer“vore” terms – carnivore, omnivore,
herbivore, detritovore/decomposer
Discuss
What do each of these “vore” terms mean?
carnivoreomnivoreherbivore
detritovore
Descriptive Org Terms – cont’ddecomposer – obtains nutrients by
breaking down decaying organic matterorganic – any substance containing the
element Carbon
Sequence Terms for ConsumersUsed in food chains or food pyramids for
CONSUMERS, NOT in food webs. You may use either of the given terms.
Primary aka First Order consumerseats the producerherbivore or omnivore
Secondary aka Second Order consumerseats the primary/1st order consumeromnivore or carnivore
Sequence Terms – cont’dTertiary aka Third Order consumer
eats secondary / 2nd order consumercarnivore or omnivore
Quaternary aka Fourth Order consumereats tertiary / 3rd order consumercarnivore or omnivore
etc…
Terms in Chains & PyramidsTop Predator –
an animal with has no natural enemieswill always be final step in food chain /
pyramidNOT all pyramids & chains have a top
predator
HUMANS ARE NOT TOP PREDATORS…
Discuss / Complete
Fill in #4 on your sheet using the terms you just learned in #s 1-3.
[sequence terms, vore terms, and the rest]
Check Your Work!
Producer
Autotroph
Heterotroph
1st Order Consumer
Primary Consumer
Omnivore
Heterotroph
2nd Order Consumer
Secondary Consumer
Carnivore
Heterotroph
3rd Order Consumer
Tertiary Consumer
Carnivore
Top Predator
Energy/Food PyramidsEnergy Pyramid – a pyramid-shaped
representation of a food chainshows the transfer of energy btw
organisms
only 10% of the energy taken in is passed on to the next trophic level
90% of energy taken in is lost [used for fuel for the body’s actions and for body’s reactions]
Energy/Food PyramidsEnergy Pyramid – a pyramid-shaped
representation of a food chaintrophic level – a nutrient/food level
[“troph…”
each step in a food chain, web, or energy pyramid is a new trophic level
a pyramid will have as many levels as the food chain it represents
Energy/Food Pyramidsthe terms used to describe orgs on the food
chain are also used for each trophic level here.
as available energy decreases, the number of organisms [circle one: also decreases / increases].
Homework
Complete the Food Chains, Food Webs & Food Pyramids worksheet
found on pages 6-7 in your packet.