unit 2 - how organisations use ict the impact of ict on methods of production
TRANSCRIPT
Unit 2 - How Organisations Use ICT
The Impact of ICT on Methods of Production
What does your syllabus say?
So what are the impacts?
The use of automated machinery and robotics linked with ICT systems has dramatically changed manufacturing. It has had mass impact upon many areas.
You may categorize the main areas of impact as -
•Process Control
•Production Control
Production Control - Defined
Production control involves the systematic planning, Coordination and directing of manufacturing activities to ensure that goods are made on time, of adequate quality and at reasonable cost.
Example of an advantage - JIT (Just in Time) can be used for order processing and stock control
Effect - All parts, components or raw materials are ordered exactly when required in the production process. Money is saved due to low storage costs and no capital investment in ‘sitting’ stock.
Disadvantage - If a supplier fails to delivery the required parts on time then the entire manufacturing system is delayed.
Class discussion - Can you think of any other advantages or disadvantages from using automated production control?
Process Control
The fundamental understanding you have to develop here is systems theory and feedback.
INPUT OUTPUTPROCESS
The feedback loop
The outputs from an automated manufacturing systems are consistently monitored. If there is a problem with the output then relevant info is fed back into the system so thatadjustments to the input can be made. This feedback systemcan be considered as first generation AI (Artificial Intelligence)
CAD/CAM - Mind Map
CAD/CAM
Designing
Economy & scale of
Production
Product Quality
Employment
Below shows the main areas that ICT effects within industrial production.
Your Task - Listen and watch the presentation: record your own key notes on the handouts provided!
Employment
Employment
Cuts in Labour Force
Human assistance still required
Repetitive Jobs replaced by machinery
Effects on workers due to
shift work
Repetitive Jobs Replaced by Machinery
1. Machines can complete difficult processes without tiring nor complaining.
2. Robots give increased health and safety to workers
3. AGV’s (Automated Guided Vehicles) - Can be programmed to move components or products from one area of a manufacturing system to another.
Cuts in the Labour Force
1. Computers manufacturing can replace the manual crafts and processes previously used.
2. AGV’s - Discussed on previous slide.
Human assistance still required
1. Computers need programming by humans.
2. Operators need to be trained to manage the computer systems.
Effects on workers due to shift work
1. Computers can operate 24 hours a day. Shift workers must be employed to manage and maintain CAD/CAM systems.
Designing
Designing
Increases Productivity
Reduces needs for specialists
Design process implemented in a more systematic
way
Cuts out repetitive work
Designing
Designing
Increases Productivity
Reduces needs for specialists
Design process implemented in a more systematic
way
Cuts out repetitive work
Computer designing is faster and efficient - more design solutions can be produced
Designing
Designing
Increases Productivity
Reduces needs for specialists
Design process implemented in a more systematic
way
Cuts out repetitive work
Computer designing is faster and efficient - more design solutions can be produced.
Computer programming takes minimal training and can be used by most people.
Designing
Designing
Increases Productivity
Reduces needs for specialists
Design process implemented in a more systematic
way
Cuts out repetitive work
Computer designing is faster and efficient - more design solutions can be produced.
Computer programming takes minimal training and can be used by most people.
CAD
Allows use of more accurate design and
printing tools.
Designing
Designing
Increases Productivity
Reduces needs for specialists
Design process implemented in a more systematic
way
Cuts out repetitive work
Computer designing is faster and efficient - more design solutions can be produced.
Computer programming takes minimal training and can be used by most people.
CAD
Allows use of more accurate design and
printing tools.
Computer programmers allow copy and paste facilities. Some jobs can now be reduced into seconds
Designing
Designing
Increases Productivity
Reduces needs for specialists
Design process implemented in a more systematic
way
Cuts out repetitive work
Computer designing is faster and efficient - more design solutions can be produced.
Computer programming takes minimal training and can be used by most people.
CAD
Allows use of more accurate design and
printing tools.
Computer programmers allow copy and paste facilities. Some jobs can now be reduced into seconds
Design process can be followed by faster progression without having to retrace steps
Economy & scale of Production
Economy and Scale of
Production
Reduce labour force
More products can be manufactured
High initial investment Saves on running
costs
24hr manufacture possible
Economy & scale of Production
Economy and Scale of
Production
Reduce labour force
More products can be manufactured
High initial investment Saves on running
costs
24hr manufacture possible
Computerised machines are faster than humans. More products can be produced quickly and in large quantities.
Economy & scale of Production
Economy and Scale of
Production
Reduce labour force
More products can be manufactured
High initial investment Saves on running
costs
24hr manufacture possible
Computerised machines are faster than humans. More products can be produced quickly and in large quantities.
Reduced labour force means reduced costs
Economy & scale of Production
Economy and Scale of
Production
Reduce labour force
More products can be manufactured
High initial investment Saves on running
costs
24hr manufacture possible
Computerised machines are faster than humans. More products can be produced quickly and in large quantities.
Reduced labour force means reduced costs
Computers never get tied. As long as there is power they will keep producing
Economy & Scale of Production
Some other important issues -
CAM - Computer Aided Manufacture
FMS - Flexible manufacturing Systems (Use robots and run under DNC systems)
DNC - Direct numerical controlled (This includes networking of CNC’s)
CNC - Computer numerically controlled. Machines, tools, lathes, drills, saws can be controlled
by numbers. Highly accurate and no major H&S risks.
Product Quality
Product Quality
More complex ideas can be manufactured
Saves money on costly prototypes
High Specification
Products
Product Quality
Product Quality
More complex ideas can be manufactured
Saves money on costly prototypes
High Specification
Products
Specifications can be raised and products made to high standards of complexity
Product Quality
Product Quality
More complex ideas can be manufactured
Saves money on costly prototypes
High Specification
Products
Specifications can be raised and products made to high standards of complexity
Quality Control
Quality Assurance
Tolerance Limits
Product Quality
Product Quality
More complex ideas can be manufactured
Saves money on costly prototypes
High Specification
Products
Specifications can be raised and products made to high standards of complexity
Quality Control
Quality Assurance
Tolerance Limits
Computerised manufacture can produce small and extremely accurate components every cycle
Saving Money
Some other important issues -
CAE - Computer Aided Engineering
Application of software which analyses the performance and efficiency of assembly lines.
CAA - Computer Aided Analysis
This system checks products and there production methods. QC & QA checks can me automated.
CAID - Computer Aided Industrial Design
Allows designers to develop designs on computers after rapid prototyping. Also allows quality control issues to be set before final manufacture.
Task - Identifying Production Systems
Consider - the robotics used within a production line act like any other basic ICT system……..they have inputs, processes and outputs.
Taking robotics in a car manufacturer as the area to analyse: Can you identify or describe any of the following -
Input methods into a robotic/automated production system
Processes involved in a robotic/automated production system
Output methods from a robotic/automated production system
Feedback Systems