unit 2 biopsychology powerpoint
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PsychologyUnit 2: Biopsychology
Lesson 1: The Brain
Parts of the Brain
ACTIVATOR:
Lesson 1: The Brain
• Cerebrum (Cerebral Cortex)• Cerebellum• Pons• Medulla• Reticular Activating System• Corpus Callosum
• Thalamus• Hypothalamus• Hippocampus• Amygdala• Pituitary Gland• Spinal Cord
EQ: How do biological processes and systems impact behavior?
Vocabulary
Parts of the Brain
Part of the Brain Primary Function(s)
Medulla
Pons
Reticular Activating System
Cerebellum
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Hippocampus
Amygdala
Pituitary Gland
Cerebral Cortex
Corpus Callosum
Use Your Textbook Resources to Complete the Chart Below
Central Nervous System
Spinal Cord
• Transmits neural signals between the brain and the rest of the body.
• Contains neural circuits that can independently control numerous reflexes
The Brain
Brain Structures
• Some scientists divide the brain up into three parts.• Hindbrain•Midbrain• Forebrain
Medulla (Oblongata)
•Heart rate•Breathing•Blood Pressure
Pons
• Connects hindbrain, midbrain and forebrain together.
• Respiration• Movement• Sleep• Facial expressions
Reticular Activating System (RAS)
• Responsible for regulating arousal and sleep• Helps mediate
transitions from relaxed wakefulness to periods of high attention.
Cerebellum
•Means “little brain”• Voluntary muscle
movements.• Coordination• Balance
Thalamus
• In Forebrain• Receives sensory
information and sends them to appropriate areas of the cerebral cortex.• Like a switchboard.• Everything but
smell.
Limbic System• EMOTIONAL
CONTROL CENTER of the brain.• Includes:• Amygdala• Hippocampus• Hypothalamus
Hippocampus and Amygdala• Hippocampus is
involved in memory processing.
• Amygdala is vital
for our basic emotions. Involved with anger
Hypothalamus• Pea sized in brain, but
plays a not so pea sized role.• Body temperature• Hunger• Thirst• Sexual Arousal (libido)• Endocrine System
Pituitary Gland• “Master Gland”• An important link
between the nervous system and the endocrine system• Releases many hormones
which affect growth, sexual development, metabolism and the system of reproduction.
Cerebrum (Cerebral Cortex)• Top layer of our brain.• Responsible for high-
level mental process and thought• Contains wrinkles
called fissures.• The fissures increase
surface area of our brain.• Divided into two
hemispheres
Cerebral Cortex Brain Comparison
Corpus Callosum• Corpus Callosum
attaches the two hemispheres of cerebral cortex.• Allows both
hemispheres to communicate with one another
Lesson 1: The Brain
Brain Parts and Functions
Summarizer:
Lesson 2: The Brain
3 Parts of the Brain2 Facts learned1 Question
ACTIVATOR:
Lesson 2: The Brain
• Frontal Lobe• Parietal Lobe• Occipital Lobe• Temporal Lobe
• Motor Cortex (Strip)• (Soma)Sensory
Cortex (Strip)• Broca’s Area• Wernicke’s Area
EQ: How do biological processes and systems impact behavior?
Vocabulary
Lobes and Areas Assignment
1. Read the article in your packet entitled Men and Women are Different and answer the questions on the accompanying question sheet.
2. Using colored pencils, locate, label, and shade the following: (Use pg. 74 in your text)• Frontal Lobe, Parietal Lobe, Temporal Lobe, Occipital
Lobe, Motor Cortex, Somasensory Cortex, Broca’s Area, and Wernicke’s Area.• Note: The areas and cortexes are located in lobes. This
means you must locate all areas prior to coloring.3. Meet with a partner to check each other’s work
Lobes and Areas of the Brain
Areas of the Cerebral Cortex
• Divided into eight lobes, four in each hemisphere (frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal).• Any area not dealing
with our senses or muscle movements are called association areas.
Frontal Lobe
• Executive center of the brain.• Deals with planning,
maintaining emotional control, abstract thought, and the storage of memories.• Contains Broca’s Area.• Contains Motor Cortex
(Strip)
Parietal Lobes
• Located at the top of our head.• Contains the Somasensory
Cortex (Strip)• Rest are association areas.
Temporal Lobes• Process sound
sensed by ears.• Not lateralized.• Contains Wernicke’s
area.
Occipital Lobes• In the back of our
head.• Contains the visual
association area which handles visual information from the eyes.• Right half of each
retina goes to left occipital lobe and vice versa.
Broca’s and Wernicke’s Areas• Broca’s Area• Located in the frontal lobe• Responsible for speaking• When damaged (aphasia) people speak
slowly/laboriously with simple sentences
• Wernicke’s Area• Located in the temporal lobe• Responsible for understanding speech• When damaged(aphasia) speech is meaningless
Lesson 3: Split Brain/Cerebral Lateralization
• Corpus Callosum• Epilepsy• Longitudinal Fissure
EQ: How do biological processes and systems impact behavior?
Vocabulary
Activating Strategy• Get into pairs• With your partner hold the paper in place and a writing utensil
in each hand, attempt to draw a “star” and a “circle” at the same time.
Hemispheres
• Divided into a left and right hemisphere.• Contra-lateral
controlled- left controls right side of body and vice versa.• Brain Lateralization.
Cutting the Corpus Callosum
WHY?
Longitudinal Fissure
Split Brain: Assignment 1
•Read with a Purpose: Read p. 65 in alternate textbook.•Summarize the main points and the experiment discussed.•Focus on the outcomes.
Split Brain Research
Watch The Video: Part 1- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lfGwsAdS9Dc
Split Brain: Assignment 2
• Group discussion: • Now that you have watched the film, what are
some right and left brain abilities that were revealed in the film the film?• What are some questions that you have
remaining?
Cerebral Specialization
Split Brain: Hint on Remembering
LEFTLANGUAGE
LOGICLINEAR
Lesson 4: The Neuron
• Dendrites• Cell body (Soma)• Axon• Myelin Sheath
• Synapse• Vesicles• Nodes of Ranvier• Neurotransmitters
EQ: How do biological processes and systems impact behavior?
Vocabulary
Lesson 4 Activator
Neural Communication Line TestPost Activity Question: Why was there a difference in the results?
NeuroanatomySynapseSynapse
Neurotransmitters (chemicals held in terminal buttons that travel through synaptic gap)
The Synapse
Types of Neurons
• Efferent (Motor) Neurons• Interneurons• Afferent (Sensory)
Neurons
Neuroanatomy: Formal Assessment
Link Through Color: Using the three sheets provided, color the corresponding parts on each sheet. Colors should be consistent demonstrating your understanding of the connection between diagrams. You have 15 minutes to complete this assignment.
How does a Neuron fire?
• Resting Potential: slightly negative charge.• Reach the threshold when
enough neurotransmitters reach dendrites.• Go into Action Potential.• All-or-none response.• Transfer of ions across
axon’s membrane causes electrical charge.
Lesson Activator
Any questions prior to the neuron quiz?
Lesson 5: Neurotransmitters
• Acetylcholine• Dopamine• Serotonin• Endorphins
• Reuptake• SSRI• Neurotransmitter
EQ: How do biological processes and systems impact behavior?
Vocabulary
Neural Communication Refresher
Using the article Plunge of Pleasure and the Read with a Purpose technique collect evidence on the psychological importance of dopamine and serotonin. This information includes associated behaviors, disorders, and relationship to other drugs.
Neurotransmitter Assignment
Neurotransmitters
Serotonin
EndorphinsAcetylcholine
Dopamine
• Involved in mood control.• Lack of Serotonin
has been linked to clinical depression• SSRI’s• Paxil• Zoloft
Serotonin
Dopamine• Deals with infatuation,
motor movement, and alertness.• Lack of dopamine has
been linked to Parkinson’s disease.• Too much has been
linked to schizophrenia.• Cocaine increases levels
of dopamine by blocking reuptake
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4OS2C4NemJI&feature=related
Acetylcholine (ACH)• Deals with motor
movement and memory.• Lack of ACH has been
linked to Alzheimer’s disease.• Nicotine triggers ACH
receptor sites.• Reduce # of ACH
receptors resulting in withdrawal symptoms and cravings.
Endorphins (Endogenous Morphine)• Involved in pain
control and feelings of wellbeing• Opiates and
endorphins trigger the same receptor sites. (morphine, codeine, heroin)• Causes the Runner’s
High
Drugs can be…..
• Agonists- make neuron fire• Antagonists- stop neural firing• Reuptake Inhibitors- block
reuptake
Lesson 6: The Nervous and Endocrine Systems
• Central Nervous System• Peripheral Nervous System• Somatic Nervous System• Autonomic Nervous System• Sympathetic Nervous System• Parasympathetic Nervous System
• Endocrine System• Thyroid• Androgen• Estrogen
EQ: How do biological processes and systems impact behavior?
Vocabulary
The Nervous System
Central Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System• All nerves that are not
encased in bone.• Everything but the
brain and spinal cord.• Is divided into two
categories….somatic and autonomic.
Somatic Nervous System
• Controls voluntary muscle movement.• Uses motor
(efferent) neurons.
Autonomic Nervous System• Controls the automatic
functions of the body.• Divided into two
categories…the sympathetic and the parasympathetic• Memory Hint: Auto like
automatic or autopilot. Don’t have to think or do.
Sympathetic Nervous System
• Fight or Flight Response.• Automatically
accelerates heart rate, breathing, dilates pupils, slows down digestion.
Parasympathetic Nervous System• Automatically slows
the body down after a stressful event.• Heart rate and
breathing slow down, pupils constrict and digestion speeds up.• Memory Hint: Para is
like parachute. It slow us down.
Pituitary Gland• “Master Gland”• An important link
between the nervous system and the endocrine system• Releases many hormones
which affect growth, sexual development, metabolism and the system of reproduction.
Thyroid
Metabolism: the chemical and physical processes in an organism by which protoplasm is produced, sustained, and then decomposed to make energy available.
Gonads• Sex Glands• Ovaries• Testes
• Estrogens • Greater amounts in females• Necessary for normal sexual development of the female• Regulates the menstrual cycle during the childbearing
years.
• Androgens • Greater amounts in males• Present in females in small amounts• Related to aggression
Unit 2: Biopsychology Summarizer
1. Using the Learning Goals Outline in your biopsychology packet, attempt to answer the questions without the use of your notes. This will act as a pre-study test.
2. Identify your areas of weakness3. Complete any unanswered or correct any
incorrect questions4. Study your packet using the resources
provided. (Flashcards, graphic organizers, diagrams, Learning Goals Outline)
Study for the
Biopsychology Exam
Lesson Activator
Any questions prior to the Biopsychology Exam?