Unit 2 ReviewAre you

ready for the CBA?

I’m studying tonight

Me too!!!

I am after

tennis

I’m focusing on forces

• One of my observations which truly affected how I felt about the origins of organisms … finch birds found on the Galapagos Islands. Each island had a finch that was similar in appearance other than the beak.

Who am I?

Charles Darwin

Who am I?• ____________was an Austrian monk.

• He lived between 1822 to 1884.• When he was a young boy, he

was interested in the plants that grew on the family farm.

• Was the gardener of the monastery where he lived as a monk. He did experiments on hundreds of pea plants there.

• He kept careful records and used mathematics to make sense of what he observed.

Gregor Mendel

DNA is the genetic material which defines who we are and is located within the nucleus of a cell.

…passed to the offspring through the parent .

Levels of Organization

Cells group together to form…

TissueWhich groups

to form…

OrgansWhich group

to form…

Organ SystemsWhich form

You!

The Cell Theory• All living things are composed of

one or more cells.• The cell is the basic unit of life

in all living things. • New cells are produced from

existing cells.

Allows movement into/out of the

cell.Internal delivery

system to the cell.

Contains genetic material (DNA).

Make protein to keep the cell

alive.

Modifies nutrients to perform duties needed by

the cell.

Power house to the cell.

Burn sugar to release energy.

Disposes of cell waste.

What type of cell is this? How can you

tell?

How are plant and animal cells

alike?What structure in the cell contains all the DNA which

determines the cell’s heredity?

Plant cell…it has a cell wall, big vacuole,

chloroplasts

• Eukaryotic

• Nucleus with DNA Nucleus

How is this bacteria similar to a plant and an animal cell?

They all contain DNAWhich one makes its one

food?– Animal cell– Plant cell– Bacteria (picture

above)

Which structure is found in plant and animal cells, and in bacteria?Cell membrane

Define Eukaryotic Define ProkaryoticHas a nucleus Has a no nucleus

You MUST know the facts!!!

• Genotypes are written with the capital letter first (Bb)

• Recessive are lower case (bb)

• Dominant are always capitalized (BB) or (Bb)

• Phenotype is what you see (brown eyes, short hair, long eyelashes)

• Homozygous are the same (BB) or (bb)

• Heterozygous are different (Bb)

• Alleles are each individual letter (B and b of Bb) or (B and B of BB)

Study often!

B b

b

b

bbBb

bbBb

Alleles Genotype

Heterozygous

(different Bb)Homozygous

(same bb) and they happen to be

recessive

Father’s eyes

Mother’s eyes

Create a graph of

the punnett square

B B

b

b

BbBb

BbBb

Alleles

Genotype

What is the probability of having black fur?

What is the phenotype of the

offspring?

100%

Black fur

4:0 = 1

Our circulatory system (moves nutrients through the blood) must overcome _______ to function properly.

gravity

Plants also must overcome the force of ________ to move nutrients through the xylem and phloem.

gravity

cell

Forces cause movement of nutrients and waste into and out of a _____.

Which organisms fit these qualities?

• Produce asexually• No genetic

variation; offspring are just like the parent

Plant Growth Facts

Plants need sunlight to make their own food. (photosynthesis)

Plants need water for the plant cells to sustain their structure and function.

Plants need gravity to grow. The roots grow towards the pull of gravity. As a result of the roots, the flower grows up, away from gravity. (gravitropism)

What caused this flower to change

its growth pattern?

Extrapolate the growth of the roots in the

picture?

Gravitropism

They will grow down…the direction of the

pull of gravity

Responding to Internal Stimuli

• Run a fever due to a virus • Vomit due to bacteria growing in your

body.• Hormones being released from a

command within the brain (puberty)• Sweating/glistening due to body

temperature rising.• Take a drink when thirsty.• Shiver, increase metabolism, and appear

“prickly” when chilly or cold.

Responding to External Stimuli

• The snake rises out of the basket once it hears the musical notes.

• A child pets a dog as it jumps up onto his lap.

• Waves occur as the curlers are removed from Susie’s hair.

• Bry’s curling iron is hot and she accidentally touches her cheek….What will be her response?

I always want to be in

homeostasis. How do you

stay in homeostasis?

• Shiver to keep warm.

• Vomit to get rid of influenza.

• Sneeze due to dust in the air.

• Cough due to a pathogen.

• Stay at 360 Celsius.

Homeostasis is the desire to be “comfy” in an environment that is

always changing

• A dog will lay in the shade to stay cool.• A cat will lick its fur coat to keep clean.• A cow will flip its tail around its back to keep

flies from biting.• A gecko will come out of hiding at night. • An elephant shoots water on itself to keep cool.• A snake will move to a warm location in a cool

environment.

How do animals stay in homeostasis?

• Perform photosynthesis during the day.• Sunflowers will move with the sun throughout a

day.• Some trees will drop their leaves in the winter

months to save moisture.• Take in water to keep their cells alive.• Cacti have thorns as leaves to keep from being

eaten.

How do various plants stay in homeostasis?

Type of Adaptation ImportanceStructural

Behavioral

Physiological

External characteristics(feet, eyes, bills, skin, etc.)

Mannerisms or internal characteristics(Nocturnal, arboreal, burrowing, hibernation, rumination, endothermic, etc.)A change in an organism usually based on an external stimuli(Skin tanning due to sun exposure, formation of calluses on hands due to increased pressure at that point.)

Adaptations in the Grasslands

• Dense underground root system to allow re-growth after winter.

• Two-thirds of prairie grass roots die off and add organic matter making rich soil.

• Animals have short legs for grazing.

Adaptations in the Taiga

• Leaves shaped like pine needles and waxy to hold moisture.

• Trees are conical in shape to release snow.

• Animals hibernate or migrate to warmer climates.

Adaptations in the Tundra

Wildlife has extra layers of blubber and fur.Animals have the ability to hibernate.Birds migrate.Plants grow low to the ground to survive frigid

temperatures.

Adaptations in the Desert

•Animals come out at night when cooler and sleep in caves, dens, or burrows during the day

•Plants open their stomates at night for less water loss

•Animals may have light coats to reflect light.

•Animals may have larger ears to release body heat.

Success depends on

YOU!!!

Parent Signature

Your child will receive (ONE) additional point on the CBA for each signature below. The signature means YOU and YOUR CHILD studied together.

Thank you, Mrs. RuderDate _______ Signature _____________

Date _______ Signature _____________

Studying together is

really helping

Parent Signature

Your child will receive (ONE) additional point on the CBA for each signature below. The signature means YOU and YOUR CHILD studied together.

Thank you, Mrs. RuderDate _______ Signature _____________

Date _______ Signature _____________

Studying together is

really helping

Parent Signature

Your child will receive (ONE) additional point on the CBA for each signature below. The signature means YOU and YOUR CHILD studied together.

Thank you, Mrs. RuderDate _______ Signature _____________

Date _______ Signature _____________

Studying together is

really helping