Current scenario

The electricity sector in India had an installed capacity of 223.625 GW as of April 2013,the world'sfifth largest.

Captive power plants generate an additional 34.444 GW.

Non Renewable Power Plants constitute 87.55% of the installed capacity and 12.45% ofRenewable Capacity.

Installed electricity capacity:- Coal-fired plants account for 57% .

Hydro plant accounts for 19%,

renewable energy for 12% .

natural gas for about 9%.

Others 3%

Per capita average annual consumption in India - 96 kWh in rural areas & 288 kWh in urban areas

Worldwide per capita annual average consumption - 2600 kWh

India -world's fourth largest energy consumer after United States, China and Russia.

India mainly depend upon

the Thermal power plants

(55 %) for Electricity

generation.

Hydropower plant , second

largest generating capacity

for Electricity .

Gas power plant

accounting 10 % for

Electricity generations .

All India Installed Generating Capacity

Trend Analysis

2005-06 to 2010-11

Trend Analysis

During the year 2010–11, demand for electricity in India far outstripped availability. Both interms of base load energy and peak availability. Base load requirement was 861,591 (MU) against availability of 788,355 MU, a 8.5% deficit.During peak loads, the demand was for 122 GW against availability of 110 GW, a 9.8% shortfall.

Trend Analysis

80% of Indian villages have at least an electricity line. Just 52.5% of rural households have access to electricity. In urban areas, the access to electricity is 93.1%. The overall electrification rate in India is 64.5% while 35.5% of the population stilllive without access to electricity.

Trend Analysis

Electricity is the main source of lighting for 53% of rural households compared to 36% in1993. The electrical energy demand for 2016–17 is expected to be at least 1392 Tera Watt Hours,with a peak electric demand of 218 GW. The electrical energy demand for 2021–22 is expected to be at least 1915 Tera Watt Hours,with a peak electric demand of 298 GW.

Reason of Increasing Demand

India's manufacturing sector is likely to grow faster than in the past.

Domestic demand will increase more rapidly as the quality of life for more Indiansimprove.

About 125,000 villages are likely to get connected to India's electricity grid.

Currently blackouts and load shedding artificially suppresses demand.

Transportation.

Increasing Population.

Agriculture.

Causes of Power Shortage

JhkjT

Transmission & distribution Factor

India's T&D network losses exceeded 32% in 2010.

Technical losses like faulty meters are about 15% to 20% thatunderestimate actual consumption also contribute to reduced paymentcollection.

Non‐technical losses are caused by illegal tapping of lines.

Supply Factor

Production factor

India's electricity sector consumes about 80% of the coal produced in the country A large part of Indian coal reserve is of low calorific value and high ash content. India's coal supply consume about 0.7 kg of coal to generate a kWh, whereasUnited States thermal power plants consume about 0.45 kg of coal per kWh Lack of initiative to develop large coal and natural gas resources present in India Land acquisition, environmental clearances at state and central government level. Unskilled manpower Facing problem in operating latest technology plants

Causes of Power Shortage

Thermal Power Plant (Coal)

Solar Photovoltaic Power Plant

Wind power generation