unit 11 recovery, prosperity, and turmoil- answers

Unit 11Recovery, Prosperity, and Turmoil- Answers

Complete the Guided Reading as you view the Power Point.

Objective 11.01: Describe the effects of the Cold War on economic, political, and social life in America.

Essential Questions: • How does a nation’s involvement in international

conflicts affect politics and society at home? • To what extent did the effects of the Cold War

impact economic, political, and social life in America?

• Did the Cold War ultimately have a positive or negative impact on the United States?

Unit 11:

Cold War: period when the U.S. and the Soviet Union were not at war but were on high alert for fear that the Soviets would attack the U.S. and the Communists would take over our government (we had an icy relationship with the Soviet Union)

The Cold War’s Impact on Life and Politics in the U.S:

After WWII the U.S. economy did very well Socially there was a spread of suburbia as developers built

more affordable houses that allowed people to move out of cities to the suburbs

Politically the people of the U.S. feared the spread of Communism and the threat of a nuclear war

People began to build fallout shelters: places people hoped to live and take cover in if the Soviet Union dropped a nuclear weapon on the nation

Schools did nuclear attack drills and taught students how to duck and cover under their desks in the event of a nuclear strike

People who supported Communism in the U.S. were targeted, harassed, and investigated

The Cold War’s Impact on Life and Politics in the U.S:

National Security Act: combined the Department of War and the Department of Navy to create the Department of Defense◦ Created the Secretary of Defense to oversee

military affairs ◦ Created the president’s National Security

Council to coordinate national security policies ◦ Created the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)

to spy on the Soviet Union (Russia) and its allies

Government Policies Dealing With Communism and the

Threat of Nuclear War:

1938 Congress created the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC): investigated charges against state department officials

Alger Hiss: accused of giving the Soviet Union secret U.S. documents during the 1930’s- convicted and sent to prison in 1950

Julius and Ethel Rosenberg: American couple accused of giving the Soviet Union secrets to the atomic bomb- convicted and sentenced to death

Government Policies Dealing With Communism and the

Threat of Nuclear War:

Many people in Hollywood were suspected of being Communists

The HUAC called many Hollywood actors, writers and producers to testify in court in 1947

Some were Communists and some were not Hollywood Ten: 10 people in Hollywood

who refused to testify before the hearing because they believed it was a violation of their civil rights- they were sent to jail for contempt

Hollywood Blacklist and Joseph McCarthy:

Out of fear that they might be the next targeted, a number of Hollywood executives created the Hollywood Blacklist: a list of writers, actors, and directors the producers refused to work with because they were suspected of being Communist


Wisconsin senator Joseph McCarthy believed the government and the military had been infiltrated by Communists

He actually accused many people by name in the government and the military of being Communists

He accused so many important people of being Communists that he was called to testify before in a hearing on television

By the time it was all over McCarthy was seen as either paranoid or mentally unstable by almost everyone in the nation (but he did have some supporters)

McCarthyism: McCarthy’s fears about Communism


With the Cold War fear of a nuclear attack President Eisenhower believed the nation needed a stable highway system to allow people and the military to move around the country quickly (evacuate)

National Highway Act: called for the construction of a federal interstate highway system to improve mobility of citizens and the military

Legislative Action:

The Cold War meant it was important to maintain a strong military force

Selective Service Act of 1951: allowed the government to draft men between the ages of 18 and 26 into the military

Legislative Action:

President Eisenhower addressed the nation in 1961 and spoke of the importance of the Military-Industrial Complex: the link between the military who does the fighting, Congress who pays for the military, and the civilian work industry that makes the supplies for the military

The link between the three groups grew extremely important in during the Cold war as the United States built up its military for defense against an attack

The link remains important today

Military-Industrial Complex:

Baby Boomers were the first generation where most people went to college- before WWII most people went straight to work after high school

When the Baby Boomers got into college they became activists in the social movements of the 1960’s

Their activism began a new political movement known as the New Left: the movement rejected many of the traditional views in society regarding race, gender roles, politics and morality- they called for government action to bring about change in society

Development of the New Left:

Détente: foreign policy developed by President Richard Nixon and Secretary of State Henry Kissinger to reduce the tension between the U.S. and the Soviet Union and China by using diplomacy instead of military force

Nixon became the first president to acknowledge the Communists government of China and visit the country

Nixon also knew that although China and the Soviet Union (USSR) were both Communists, they did not agree on all subjects- he used this to gain an advantage over the USSR

Detente:

1972 the U.S. and the USSR signed the first Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT I)

The SALT treaty limited the development of certain nuclear weapons and was a huge win for President Nixon

1979 President Carter signed the SALT II with the USSR to limit nuclear arms production even more than the first

Problem: the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan in 1979 and made the U.S. upset- SALT II was never approved by the U.S.

Detente:

1980 President Ronald Reagan rejected the use of détente for dealing with the USSR

Reagan believed the weak Soviet economy could not keep up with the U.S.

Reagan believed increasing the arms race would force communism to collapse and bring an end to the need for nuclear weapons

Detente:

Objective 11.02: Trace major events of the Civil Rights Movement and evaluate its impact.

Essential Questions: • How did the Civil Rights Movement change

America? • To what degree has equality been achieved in

America? • How did the philosophical shift toward more

militant tactics impact the outcome of the Civil Rights Movement?

Unit 11:

1896 Plessy v. Ferguson legalized segregation

Black people and white people were separated based on race- in many areas of the country equal access to facilities was denied to African Americans

The Civil Rights Movement: people fought for equality and against de jure segregation by challenging segregation laws

The Civil Rights Movement:

1954 Thurgood Marshall defended the right of Linda brown to attend an all white school in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas

The Supreme Court ruled that racial segregation was never equal- over turned the Plessy decision- Chief Justice Earl Warren said segregation was unconstitutional

No time limit for integration was set by the Supreme Court

Thurgood Marshall later became the first African American justice on the Supreme Court

Civil Rights Education:

1957 Little Rock Nine: 9 black students were denied access to attend Little Rock High School- governor used the Arkansas national Guard to keep them out of school

President Eisenhower sent in the 101st Airborne to enforce the federal ruling

Ernest Green was the first African American to graduate from Little Rock High


1962 the Supreme Court ruled Air Force veteran James Meredith be allowed to attend the University of Mississippi

President Kennedy sent in federal troops to escort James Meredith to class and 5,000 troops to calm the riots

He was the first African American to graduate from the University of Mississippi


Alabama Governor George Wallace opposed the integration of the University of Alabama

Eventually he was forced to comply with federal law

He ran for president in 1968 and 1972 but lost

He was shot and paralyzed in 1972 He later apologized for his racists views


Brown v. Board Little Rock Nine James Meredith George Wallace Songs of the Civil Rights Movement lyrics

Discovery Education Videos:

Segregation led to a third political party in the South

Dixiecrats: political party that supported segregation

The party had strong support at first in the South, but later lost power as the Republican party began to adopt many policies supported by southern Democrats

Dixiecrats:

Martin Luther King Jr. and

Non-Violent Protests

December 1, 1955 Rosa Parks was arrested for not giving up her seat to a white man on the bus

NAACP leaders organized the Montgomery Improvement Association and chose Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. to lead a boycott of public transportation in Montgomery, Alabama

The boycott lasted over 1 year 1956 the Supreme Court ruled to integrate the

buses in Montgomery The victory made Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

the leader of the Civil Rights Movement

The Montgomery Bus Boycott:

M.L.K. Was influenced by the non-violent teachings of Ghandi

Ghandi taught civil disobedience as a non-violent refusal to obey laws

M.L.K. encouraged protesters of the Civil Rights Movement to use non-violence in the fight for equality

April 4, 1968 Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was shot and killed in Memphis, Tennessee

The Montgomery Bus Boycott:

MLK


February 1, 1960 four North Carolina A&T University students sat at a whites only lunch counter and waited to be served

Sit-in: non-violent protest of sitting in a segregated area until served

Sit-in protesters across the country were kicked, hit, burned with cigarettes, spit on, and arrested

April 1960 students at Shaw University formed the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC): devoted to the use of nonviolent protests to demand civil rights equality

Sit-Ins and Freedom Riders:

1960 the Supreme Court ruled that segregation in interstate bus terminals was unconstitutional

1961 Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) organized Freedom Rides to test the Court’s decision

CORE: organization devoted to social change through non-violent action

Summer 1961 Freedom Riders road bussed through the south to integrate bus stations

Riders were beaten and the busses were bombed in Aniston, Alabama

In Jackson, Mississippi Riders were arrested Freedom Rides brought national attention to the

abuses in the South and the fight for civil rights

Sit-Ins and Freedom Riders:

Sit-ins Freedom Rides


Civil rights leaders planned a march on the nation’s capital to pressure leaders to pass civil rights legislation

August 28, 1963 Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. led 200,000 protesters in the March on Washington- he spoke to the crowd at the Lincoln Memorial- it was 100 years after the Emancipation Proclamation and African Americans still did not have equality

He spoke of a day when black and white people could live together peacefully

One month later the KKK bombed the Sixteenth Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama and killed 4 little girls getting ready for Sunday School

The March on Washington:

After the March on Washington President Kennedy proposed civil rights legislation

After his assassination President Johnson supported the movement and urged Congress to pass the laws in honor of President Kennedy

Civil Rights Act of 1964: prohibited segregation in public accommodations and discrimination in education and employment

24th Amendment: outlawed poll taxes

Legislative Changes Brought About By the Civil Rights Movement:

March 1965 protesters marched in Selma, Alabama to protest voting rights abuses

Bloody Sunday: 500 marchers were attacked and beaten by police as they peacefully crossed the Edmund Pettis Bridge

2 weeks later 3,000 marchers crossed the bridge in protest

300 marchers walked 54 miles to Montgomery, Alabama

In Montgomery Dr. King led a rally of 40,000 people


Voting Rights Act 1965: ended voting abuses like literacy tests, allowed the use of federal troops to register voters if necessary

The Voting Rights Act and the 24th Amendment are two HUGE victories for the Civil Rights Movement- it was always the belief of the Movement that legislation was needed to make a change


Bloody Sunday


President Johnson supported the Civil Rights Movement

He supported policies that fought against de facto segregation (caused by social and economic circumstances rather than law)

He developed a Great Society policy to help the Movement

Affirmative Action: policy where minorities are given special consideration for jobs or education to help them catch up to the advantages white people had been given in the past

President Lyndon B. Johnson and Affirmative Action:

By 1965 many African Americans were frustrated by the slow pace of change in the Civil Rights Movement

Many people began to cal for more aggressive action

Nation of Islam: combined Islam with the militant African American message- preached white people were devils who enslaved non-whites

Black Militant Movements:

Malcolm X: joined nation of Islam in prison- preached minorities should use “any means necessary” to gain equality

1964 Malcolm X left the Nation of Islam He went on a pilgrimage to the Islamic Holy city of

Mecca, Saudi Arabia- he saw black and white Muslims praying together

When he returned to the U.S. he no longer preached that all white people were evil and called for blacks and whites to work together peacefully

The Nation of Islam considered him a traitor February 21, 1965 Malcolm X was assassinated by

three African American men


Some members of SNCC began to reject non-violence because they considered them too slow and ineffective

The militant group took over SNCC under the leadership of Stokely Carmichael: called for Black Power: included pride in African heritage, separate black economic and political institutions, self-defense against white violence, and sometimes violent revolution

Black Panthers: fought to end de jour and de facto segregation- advocated African Americans lead their own communities and demanded the government rebuild ghettos

Panthers were sometimes violent, but gave aid to the poor and urban African Americans


Objective 11.03: Identify major social movements including, but not limited to, those involving women, young people, and the environment,

and evaluate the impact of these movements in the United States’ society.

Essential Questions: • To what extent did social movements in America

impact women, young people, and the environment? • How effective are challenges to authority in bringing

about change? • How is America different because of the social

movements which took place between 1945-1980?

Unit 11:

Major Social Movements

Between 1945 and

1980

Youth, Music and the Counter Culture:

In the 1950’s young people began to listen to new forms of music to break away from the traditions of their parents

Rock-n-Roll music developed Elivs Presley became very popular by introducing

the sounds of black rhythm and blues and new dance moves to white teenagers

Counter Culture: movement of young people who wanted to defy traditional institutions of America like government, religion, schools and even their parents

British Invasion: popular long-haired bands from England like the Beatles and the Rolling Stones

Woodstock Music and Art Fair: 1969 New York- thousands of people went to the concert-festival to promote peace, hear the latest bands, use drugs, and be free

Most Americans were shocked by what they saw happened at Woodstock on the news

It was a loud symbol of the divide in culture in American at the time

Haight-Ashbury: San Francisco district- defined the hippie counterculture- famous for drug use and musical artists that lived there

Woodstock and Haight-Ashbury:

Causes and

Movements

Migrant Workers: The United Farm Workers: founded by

Cesar Chavez- supported the rights of migrant farm workers

Chavez used non-violent protests and hunger strikes

Famous boycott of California table grapes- resulted in 1970 labor agreement between growers and workers

American Indian Movement (AIM): fought for the rights of Native Americans- drew attention to Native American concerns and helped bring about legislation intended to aid Native Americans

American Indian Movement:

In the 1950’s TV and advertisements portrayed women as being happy at home taking care of the children, cooking and cleaning

Women were expected to follow strict social and moral rules not put on men

1963 Betty Friedan wrote a book called the Feminine Mystique- talked about her own experience of giving up her career for her family- suggested the idea of women only being happy in the home was a myth

The Women’s Movement:

Betty Friedan’s ideas helped launch the Women’s Movement: Women’s Liberation rejected traditional gender roles and advocated equality between men and women

Friedan founded the National Organization for Women (NOW): was devoted to “action to bring American women into full participation in the mainstream of American society now”

NOW attacked media advertising and images that it saw as reinforcing traditional stereotypes about women- supported political candidates that supported women’s equality


Gloria Steinem: founded Ms. Magazine- focused on issues of the Women’s Movement

Phyllis Schlafly: did not support the Women’s Movement- thought the Women’s Movement would destroy family values- many American women supported her opinion

1972 an Equal Rights Amendment was passed by Congress and sent to the states for ratification- it was very controversial- many women and men felt ERA went too far- the amendment was not ratified


Roe v. Wade: Supreme Court ruled abortion is legal in all 50 states

This is one of the most controversial decisions in the history of the Supreme Court


Environmental Movement: goal to protect the environment- helped to create the Environmental protection Agency (EPA): sets national pollution control standards

Clean Air Act: controls air pollution Clean water Act: regulates industrial

wastewater

Environmental Movement:

Objective 11.04: Identify the causes of the United States’ involvement in Vietnam and examine how this involvement affected society.

Essential Questions: • What impact did the Vietnam War have on the

United States? • What political, social, and economic factors

led to US involvement in the Vietnam conflict? • How does a government’s response to political

events and situations affect the nation?

Unit 11:

The Geneva Accord of 1954 left Vietnam divided into two countries

Vietnam: country in Southeast Asia Ho Chi Minh: leader of Communists North

Vietnam Ngo Dinh Diem: corrupt leader of South

Vietnam- supported by the U.S. The two countries went to war

The Vietnam War:

The U.S. sent military advisors to South Vietnam to help stop the spread of Communism from the North

Viet Cong: Communist rebels from North Vietnam 1963 Diem was overthrown and killed The U.S. needed to remove our military personnel

out of South Vietnam President Johnson vowed not to lose Vietnam to

Communists although that meant increasing U.S. involvement in Vietnam

William McNamara: Secretary of Defense

The Beginning of U.S. Involvement:

President Johnson announced that North Vietnam attacked two U.S. ships in the Gulf of Tonkin

Some people were suspicious if Johnson had told the whole truth about the incident

Johnson used the incident to pass the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution: gave the president authority to “take all necessary measures to repel any armed attack against the forces of the United States…”

Why is it important? It gave Johnson power to take action in Vietnam

without approval from Congress

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution:

Ho Chi Minh Trail: route used to get supplies to rebels in South Vietnam

Operation Rolling Thunder: to cut off supplies President Johnson bombed North Vietnam- destroyed bridges, supplies, and villages- killed many civilians

Problem: President Johnson was afraid of offending China and Russia who supported North Vietnam so he did not bomb certain targets that could have destroyed North Vietnamese supplies and possibly helped to end the war sooner

Johnson was criticized for seeming to be willing to send troops to battle, but not willing to help them win

The U.S. War Effort in Vietnam:

General William Westmoreland: commander of U.S. forces in Vietnam

After Rolling Thunder Westmoreland requested more troops be sent to Vietnam

The U.S. was now in a war with Vietnam


Technology in the War: Agent Orange: herbicide dropped to kill

plants in the jungle to allow soldiers to move- killed all crops needed for civilians to survive- found to cause cancer

Napalm: chemical- like a fireball dropped from the sky- could destroy large areas as it burned out of control- would stick to people’s clothes and burn them alive


January 1968 Tet Offensive: North Vietnamese and Viet Cong attack against the United States and South Vietnam

Why is it important? Showed that the North could launch a

coordinated attack- left psychological damage on the South and the U.S. even though the North lost the battle

People in the U.S. began to question how the government was handling the War and if our soldiers should even be there fighting

Tet Offensive, Hue, and My Lai:

In the city of Hue the North slaughtered between 3,000 and 5,000 people from the South

My Lai: massacre- U.S. soldiers were guilty of wartime atrocities- U.S. soldiers killed between 175 and 400 civilians- many were women, children and the elderly- a U.S. helicopter crew saw what was happening and stopped the attack

People called for an end to U.S. involvement in Vietnam

Tet Offensive, Hue, and My Lai:

President Nixon began a policy of Vietnamization: a plan for South Vietnamese soldiers to take the place of U.S. soldiers in the War

He planned to withdraw troops from Vietnam but continued to bomb to stop the spread of Communism

Nixon bombed North Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos

President Richard Nixon and the End of U.S. Involvement:

Paris Peace Accords: document that officially ended U.S. involvement in the Vietnam war

April 29, 1975 the U.S. used helicopters to evacuate of the South Vietnam capital of Saigon

April 30, 1975 the North forced the South to surrender their capital of Saigon

Vietnam was controlled by Communists

Paris Peace Accords and the Fall of Saigon:

Opinions over the issue of the Vietnam War divided the nation

Some people believed we needed to stop Communism even if it meant going to war- they were upset by the government not doing enough to end the war quickly

Other people believed it was wrong to be involved in the business of Vietnam- they did not feel it was our place to get involved in another country’s problems

President Johnson was caught in the middle- he was under so much pressure that he decided not to run for re-election in 1968

Nixon won the 1968 election

Attitudes About the War at Home:

Americans protested the U.S. invasion of Cambodia

A protest at Kent State University turned violent

Students attacked businesses and burned the ROTC building on campus

Ohio governor sent in the National Guard to calm the protest

Students threw rocks at the Guardsmen The National Guard fired at the students- 4

people were killed- 9 injured

Kent State and the Pentagon Papers:

Pentagon Papers: New York Times newspaper published papers of a study that had been ordered by McNamara- documented that the Executive Branch lied to Congress about the War- presidents had made military decisions that were not given proper approval through checks and balances◦ public support for the war fell

The government sued the New York Times New York Times Co. v. U.S: Supreme Court ruled in

favor of the Times- under the First Amendment they had the right to publish the story- ruled that the lies told by the Executive Branch were unconstitutional

Kent State and the Pentagon Papers:

26th Amendment: lowered voting age to 18◦ People argued if 18 year olds were old enough to

die for the country they were old enough to vote War Powers Act: states that if the

president sends troops overseas he/she must notify Congress within 48 hours ◦ If Congress does not approve the deployment

within 6 days the troops must return home

Legislative Changes Due to the War:

Objective 11.05: Examine the impact of technological innovations that have impacted American life.

Essential Questions: • How do technological changes alter the

lives of individuals? • How does innovation impact a nation? • What technological innovation has had

the greatest impact on American life?

Unit 11:

Effects of Technological Innovations

Following WWII

The Space Race: The distrust between the U.S. and the

Soviet Union forced each side to create bigger and more destructive weapons

The Soviets created Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles (ICBMs): used to transport weapons◦ 1957 Sputnik: the first artificial satellite to orbit

the earth In response the U.S. entered a Space Race

to catch up top the Soviet technology and space travel

1958 Congress passed the National Defense Education Act: provided aid for education an focused on boosting the study of science, math, and foreign languages- intended to move the U.S. ahead of the Soviets in the space race

1961 Soviets launched the first manned space flight and orbited the earth

President Kennedy vowed to beat the Soviets to the moon

NASA: National Aeronautics and Space Agency John Glen: first American man launched into orbit Neil Armstrong: first man to walk on the moon

The Space Race:

Atomic energy began to be seen as a positive alternative energy source

1957 the nation created its first Nuclear Power Plant

Wartime research led to the development of computers and calculators that could be used in business and government

It was much later when people began to use them for personal use

Silicon Valley: center for computer and technology development in America- located in California

Nuclear Power and Computers:

Leisure, Entertainme

nt, and Travel

Radio and Television: Most people had a radio in their homes Radios were used for entertainment and as

source for news and information In the 1950’s radios were made smaller and

could be carried around This allowed them to be a source for

teenagers to hear Rock-n-Roll Radios played a key role in the development

of the Youth Movement

Television became popular after WWII The popularity of TV influenced the rise of

consumerism in the 1950’s Advertisers were able to reach more people and show

them products to buy Politics changed with Television People could hear and see politicians as they spoke,

debated and met other world leaders News coverage of racism in the South had a big

influence on people from across the country calling for an end to segregation

News coverage of the Vietnam War shaped public opinion

Radio and Television:

Microwaves were developed in the 1950’s By the 1960’s they were cheap enough for

people to have in their homes Food could be cooked faster- this helped

change the role of women in the nation Women no longer were forced to stay in

the kitchen for long period of time cooking- now they could cook a quick dinner and have more time for other activities

The Microwave:

With commercial jet travel people could travel and meet for business around the country more easily and quickly

This new surge in travel created a need to build more hotels and rental car companies

Commercial Jet Travel:

Objective 11.06: Identify political events and the actions and reactions of the government official and citizens, and assess the social and

political consequences. Essential Questions: • How does a government’s response to political

events and situations impact the nation? • What social and political consequences resulted

from the actions of the government between 1945 and 1980?

• Why is change so difficult for some people?

Unit 11:

Efforts to Promote Peace, Prosperity, and

Relief

New Frontier, Peace Corps: President Kennedy established the Peace

Corps to help nations work together peacefully

Peace Corps: sent U.S. volunteers abroad to developing nations as educators, health workers, engineers, technicians, etc.

New Frontier: domestic policies for the nation established by President Kennedy◦ Money for poor urban areas◦ Increase in the minimum wage◦ Increase in Social Security benefits◦ Increase health insurance benefits◦ Money for education◦ Cut taxes

Congress did not approve many of his ideas President Johnson won passage of the Civil Rights

bills and tax cuts that President Kennedy had supported before he was assassinated

New Frontier, Peace Corps:

Great Society: President Johnson’s program for social reform◦ He started a “War on Poverty”- to fight the causes of poverty◦ VISTA: President Johnson’s plan to get volunteers to work in

poor communities in the U.S. ◦ Medicare: medical assistance for the elderly◦ Medicaid: medical assistance for the poor ◦ Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965: aid to

states with high poverty rates Began Head Start to help pre-school children get ready for school

◦ The Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD): oversees housing needs

◦ National Endowment for the Humanities: gives money to supports the arts and scholarships

New Frontier, Peace Corps:

Many events made people get involved in social change in the 1960’s

Vietnam, Women’s Movement, Civil Rights Television brought these issues to

everyone's attention across the country On college campuses students started

Students for a Democratic Society: protested and called for changes to stop poverty, inequality, and the Vietnam War

Political Activism in the 60’s:

Democratic National Convention 1968: Demonstrations got out of control as activists protested the Democratic nomination of Hubert Humphrey for president and the failure of a Vietnam peace resolution to pass at the convention

Police came in and beat the protesters Much of the violence was caught on

television cameras

Democratic Convention of 1968:

Watergate Scandal: 5 men were arrested for breaking into the democratic National Headquarters in the Watergate office complex- they had planned to wiretap the phones so Republicans could hear their conversations

Although President Nixon did not know about the plan, he did participate in the cover-up of the crime

Two reporters form the Washington Post Newspaper broke the story- Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein

The Watergate Scandal:

The senate established the Watergate Committee to investigate the crime

North Carolina senator Sam Ervin was the chairman of the Committee

President Nixon’s person counsel, John Dean, testified that Nixon knew about the cover-up

One of Nixon’s aids revealed the president had taped conversations proving he knew about the crime


The President was told to turn over the tapes as evidence

Nixon refused saying he did not have to do it because as president it because he was president

United States v. Nixon: Supreme Court ruled Nixon had to hand over the tapes

The White House turned over the tapes with 18 ½ minutes erased from one tape

There was still enough evidence on the tapes to hurt the president

August 1974 president Nixon resigned from office to avoid an impeachment and guilty verdict


1973 President Nixon’s Vice President, Spiro Agnew, resigned from office

25th Amendment: if the office of vice president become vacant the president may appoint a new vice president with the approval of the House and Senate

President Nixon appointed Gerald Ford to be Vice President

1974 President Nixon resigned from office Gerald Ford became president President Gerald Ford is the only president in history

to become president and vice president without being elected to either office


unit 11 recovery, prosperity, and turmoil- answers

Documents

department of war

threat of nuclear war

cold war impact economic

soviet union secrets

soviet union russia

cold wars impact

hollywood actors

nuclear weapon