unit 11 notes: post world war ii & origins of the cold war u.s. history & the constitution
TRANSCRIPT
Unit 11 Notes:Post World War II
& Origins of the Cold War
U.S. History & The Constitution
26.1: Origins of the Cold War
1.) The U.S. began to formulate a policy of ______________, the taking of measures to prevent any extension of communist rule to other countries,that was initially carried out by the Truman Doctrine.
containment
26.1: Origins of the Cold War2.) By 1946, the US-USSR tensions were publicly recognized. Winston Churchill
said an ____________________ had descended upon Europe. Iron Curtain
26.1: Origins of the Cold War
3.) The conflicting U.S. & Soviet aims in Eastern Europe led to the
_______________, a conflict in which neither nation directly confronted the other on the battlefield.
Cold War
26.1: Origins of the Cold War
4.) The _____________________ declared that “it must be the policy of the U.S. to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed members or by outside pressures (aka: keep Soviet influence from spreading).
Truman Doctrine
26.1: Origins of the Cold War
5.) Fearing that a war-torn & economically weak Western Europewould elect socialist/communist governments, the US offered aid,
the _________________________, to promote economic rebuilding.Marshall Plan
6.) The first Soviet test of the US policy was the Berlin blockade. The US
responded with the ________________________ & the US won this firstCold War confrontation.
26.1: Origins of the Cold War
Berlin Airlift
26.1: Origins of the Cold War
7.) The _________________________________(NATO) established a militaryalliance aimed at the USSR.
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
26.2: The Cold War Heats Up
8.) After a long civil war, _______, under the leadership of the American-backed nationalist Chiang Kai-shek, fell to the communist forces led by Mao Tse-tung (Mao Zedong). The nationalists fled to Taiwan (Formosa) & the country then became two separate countries.
China
26.2: The Cold War Heats Up
9.) In 1950, North Korea invaded South Korea.At the urging of the Truman administration,the United Nations voted unanimously todemand a cease fire. Although the UNsupported a ‘police action’ to defendSouth Korea, the majority of troops &
financial support for the ____________came from the US. Formal peace negotiationsended with North Korean forces containedabove the 38th parallel, a victory forcontainment at a cost of 34,000 Americanlives.
Korean War
26.3: The Cold War at Home
10.) Republican Senator Joseph McCarthy gave his name to the anticommunist
crusade, _____________, which used the tactic of the Big Lie, repeating an untrue accusation of affiliation with communism loudly & often, to smear countless diplomats, artists & statesmen.
McCarthyism
26.4: Two Nations Live on the Edge
11.) The test explosion of an atomic bomb by the USSR led the US to
accelerate the development of the _______________ & began a nuclear arms race & then a space race.
Hydrogen Bomb
26.4: Two Nations Live on the Edge
12.) In 1955, the Soviet Union organized the ______________, a military alliance of Eastern European nations & the USSR for defense against NATO.
Warsaw Pact
13.) President Eisenhower issued the ______________________ in January of 1957 in response to Soviet support for Egypt. It warned that the U.S. would defend the Middle East against an attack by any communist country.
26.4: Two Nations Live on the Edge
Eisenhower Doctrine
26.4: Two Nations Live on the Edge
14.) The Cold War, intensified by the launch of ________ in 1957, resulted in an increased emphasis on quality education, especially in science and math. Prosperity allowed young people to stay in school longer and more young women attended college.
Sputnik
1958 = Congress passed the National Defense Education Actto promote science & math skills
27.1: Postwar America
15.) Educational programs expanded as a result of postwar conditions.
Veterans returning from war took advantage of the __________, also known as the Servicemen’s Readjustment Act, to attend colleges & trade schools thus providing a more educated & skilled work force that would, in turn, promote economic & cultural growth in the postwar period.
G.I. Bill
16.) This education act made available federally guaranteed _________ to veterans buying homes or starting new businesses.
27.1: Postwar America
loans
27.1: Postwar America
17.) In protest to President Truman’s civil rights push, Southern Democrats,
also known as _____________, for the States’ Rights Party, & nominated their presidential candidate, SC governor Strom Thurmond.
Dixiecrats
27.1: Postwar America
18.) Returning veterans who married & began families needed more housing,
spurring _________________. The baby boom of the late 1940s & 1950s also contributed to the growth of suburbia.
suburbanization
19.) The end of the Great Depression and World War II & the prosperity of
the 1950s contributed to an explosion in the birthrate. This ______________ led to an increase in the number of school age children & placed a strain on the educational system so that new schools were needed.
27.2: The American Dream of the Fifties
baby boom
27.2: The American Dream of the Fifties
20.) The wide availability of the automobile & the expansion of highways by
the passage of the _____________________ during the Eisenhower administration accelerated the growth of suburbs.
Interstate Highway Act
27.2: The American Dream of the Fifties
21.) Pent-up demand for consumer goods that were unaffordable during the Depression years & unavailable during wartime created markets for a wide array of goods & services and helped to recreate _____________.consumerism
27.2: The American Dream of the Fifties
22.) In the fall of 1963, American spy planes photographed missiles sites being built in Cuba. President Kennedy placed a naval blockade around Cuba to prevent the Soviets from arming these sites. After 13 days of tension, an agreement was reached that ended the ___________________ and averted nuclear confrontation.
Cuban Missile Crisis