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Unit 11 Marine Vertebrates Pages 5-66 to 5-88 Slide 2 11.01: Characteristics of Phylum Chordata and sub-Phylum Vertebrata: pharyngeal (gill) slits vertebrae dorsal hollow nerve cord cephalization increased sensory abilities post-anal tail dominate top of food webs notochord Slide 3 11.02: Class Agnathans (jawless fish) examples: lamprey and hagfish -live as scavengers or parasites Slide 4 11.03 : Rise of jawed fish Jawless fish (Agnathans) were thought to have given rise to jawed fish during the Cambrian period. Jawed fish (Gnathostomata) divided into 3 groups: Placodermi - scaly-skinned fish -extinct Placodermi Chondrichthyes - cartilaginous fish Chondrichthyes Osteichthyes - bony fish Osteichthyes Slide 5 11.04: Characteristics of Class Chondrichthyes: cartilage skeleton jaws no swim bladder internal fertilization lateral lines Electroreception (ampullae of Lorenzini) 5 to 7 pairs of gills no operculum Sub-class Elasmobranchii- sharks and rays Slide 6 11.05:Physical & Physiological characteristics of sharks & rays that help them save energy: lightweight skeleton buoyant oil-filled liver streamlined body denticles- point backwards to reduce friction lift producing fins (like wings) stores urea to maintain equal density w/water asymmetrical tail provides lift Slide 7 11.06 & 11.07 (worksheets) Characteristics of Class Osteichthyes Slide 8 11.08 Bony fish control buoyancy by using: swim bladder=adding or releasing gas Slide 9 11.09: What is the function of the lateral line? (rays, sharks, and bony fish) sensory pores along the length of the body that detects pressure and vibrations What is the importance of the lateral line? helps with schooling, coordinates movement, and detects approaching predators Slide 10 11.10: What is electroreception? pits near the snout (ampullae of Lorenzini) that senses minute electricity creates by muscles/nerves What is the function of electroreception? detects prey Slide 11 11.11 A (worksheet): Explain how a fishs body design relates to its movement & feeding style. Body shape: Fusiform laterally compressed depressed Slide 12 11.11 B Tail shape rounded, forked, crescent Slide 13 11.11 C Mouth shape: upward, sub-terminal, terminal, specialized Slide 14 11.12 3 sexual reproductive methods of fish Oviparous (most fish) Lay eggs hatch outside body Viviparous Birth to live young Ovoviviparous Eggs hatch inside/live birth Advantages? Disadvantages?