unit 10
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Unit 10Critical theory is dead
Postmodernist thought
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Peter Sloterdijk
Alas Dear Habermas (…) Critical theory is, on this Second of September, dead. She was long since bedridden, the sullen old
woman, now she has passed away completely. We will gather at the grave of an epoch, to take stock, but also to think of the end of
an hypocrisy. Thinking means thanking, said Heidegger. I say, rather, thinking means to heave a sigh of relief. (Die Zeit, 9
September 1999)
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Modernity and grand-narratives
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Modernism according to Gergen
• A revival of enlightenment beliefs• A search for fundamentals or essentials• A faith in progress and universal design• Absorption in the machine methapor
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Grand-narratives
• Enlightenment• Humanism• Marxism• Capitalism• Psychoanalysis
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Progress?
Are we all climbing the same mountain?
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• Compare these grand-narratives to:• Popper• Kuhn• Feyerabend
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• Nietzsche: Anti-foundationalism• Wittgenstein: Language-games
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Where has God gone?" he cried. "I shall tell you. We have killed him - you and I. We are his murderers. But how have we done this? How were we able to drink up the sea? Who gave us the sponge to wipe away the entire horizon? (…)What was holiest and mightiest of all that the world has yet owned has bled to death under our knives: who will wipe this blood off us?
Friedrich Nietzsche
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To imagine a language is to imagine a form of life.
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The real and representation
• We cannot give a correct description of reality
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Postmodernism
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The ordinary
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Jean-Francois Lyotard
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• La Condition postmoderne, A Report on Knowledge
• Opposing universals, meta-narratives• Difference and micro-narratives, emphasizing
the local
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Michel Foucault
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• Historical research (remember Feyerabend)• Responsibility, sensitivity, justice, and law are
merely "tokens of ideology"
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• Knowledge is always a form of power• Knowledge can even be gained from power,
power creates knowledge
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Jacques Derrida and deconstruction
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Research implications
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• Against method• Avoiding a definitive viewpoint• Making research aware of ambiguity and
difference• Making research aware of the role of the
author
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Criticism
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Criticism
• Relativist• Vague, lost in its own complexity• Postmodernism is also a metanarative, relapse
into story-telling• Wolves in sheep clothes: conservatives
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Sokal-affair
• Transgressing the Boundaries: Toward a Transformative Hermeneutics of Quantum Gravity
• 1. it contained the right buzzwords • 2. It flattered the editors' ideological
preconceptions.
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Example
• Die Revolution der gebenden Hand (The revolution of the giving hand)
• The perversity of the welfarestate• Sloterdijk: revolutionary or disguised
conservative?