unit 1: short story unit introduction and literary terms
TRANSCRIPT
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Unit 1:Short Story Unit
Introductionand
Literary Terms
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Short Story Literary Terms
short story plot conflict characters setting
characterization antagonist protagonist
symbol theme irony point-of-viewtone
mood imagery dialogue dynamic character
foreshadowing static character diction
flat character round character
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What is a Short Story?
0A short story is a brief work of fiction meant to be read in one sitting.
0 It is a work of fiction created from the writer’s imagination and personal vision.
0Due to the length of a story (usually between 500 and 10,000 words), it must be crafted in a concise, compact manner that accomplishes its purpose in relatively few words.
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Plot0A story’s plot is its
series of related events. 0Throughout the course
of a story’s plot, events unfold, build to a climax (or high point), and are then brought to a conclusion.
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What are some of the key elements of a short story?
Some of the key elements of a short story are:• Plot• Conflict• Characters• Setting• Symbols, and • Theme
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The plot consists of:
0The exposition 0The rising action 0The climax0The falling action And0The resolution
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CONFLICT
There are two main types of conflict in literature:
0An external conflict is a struggle with an outside force:
Man v. ManMan v. SocietyMan v. Nature
0An internal conflict is a struggle within the mind of one character.
A struggle between opposing forces.
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External Conflict!Man v. Man
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External Conflict!Man v. Nature
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Internal ConflictMan v. Self
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Characters
0The characters in a story are the personalities who participate in the action
0Usually, story characters are human beings, but they can also be animals or even objects.
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Characterization
0The act of creating and developing a character.
Writers use these methods of characterization to tell readers about characters:
0Providing descriptions of what characters look like.
0Describing characters’ words and actions
0Showing characters interaction with one another
0Sharing characters’ thoughts and feelings.
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Setting
0The setting of a story is the time and place of the action.
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Protagonist & Antagonist
Protagonist Antagonist
0The protagonist is the main character in a literary work.
(The protagonist is not necessarily a good guy, but simply the main character.)
0 The antagonist is a character or force in conflict with a main character, or protagonist.
(The protagonist is not necessary a bad guy, but simply in conflict with the main character, the protagonist)
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SymbolFor example, a flag is a piece of cloth, but it also represents the idea of a country.(The American Flag also represents a sense of freedom.)
A symbol is anything that stands for something else.
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Theme
0A theme is a central message or insight into life that the author is trying to convey.
0 Examples of Themes:
You reap what you sow.Being kind to others pays
off in the end.The grass is not always
greener on the other side.Be grateful for what you
have.Never judge a book by it’s
cover.
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Irony
0 Irony is the difference between appearance and reality, or expectation and result.
There are 3 types of irony:
→
0 Verbal Irony – when words are used to suggest the opposite of what is meant.
0 Situational Irony – an event occurs that directly contradicts the expectations of the characters, the reader, or the audience.
0 Dramatic Irony – there is a contradiction between what the character thinks and what the reader or audience knows to be true.
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Point of View (POV)
0Point of view is the perspective, or vantage point, from which a story is told.
01st person point of view – narrator is part of the story and uses the pronoun “I”.
03rd person point of view – the narrator is not a part of the story and uses the pronouns “he”, “she”, “they,” etc.
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Tone
0The tone of a literary work is the writer’s attitude toward his or her audience and subject.
The tone can often be described by a single adjective, such as formal or informal, serious or playful, bitter or ironic, etc.
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Mood
0Mood, is the feeling created in the reader by a literary work or passage.
Often the mood can be described in a single word, such as lighthearted, frightening, eerie, or despairing.
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Imagery
0 Imagery is the descriptive or figurative language used in literature to create word pictures for the reader.
0These pictures, or images, are created by details of: sight sound taste touch smell
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Dialogue
0A dialogue is a conversation between characters that may reveal their traits and advance the action of a narrative.
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Diction
0 Diction is your choice and arrangement of words.
Diction is influenced by audience, purpose, and occasion.
Your diction may be casual, formal, technical, simple, or complex.
Examples:
Formal Diction“To my horror, I realized that I had absentmindedly mailed the urgent letter without a stamp.”
Casual DictionOops, I must have goofed and forgotten to put a stamp on that!
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Foreshadowing
Foreshadowing is the use in a literary work of clues that suggest events that will happen later in the story.