unit 1 – section d
DESCRIPTION
Unit 1 – Section D. Water Purification and Treatment. HW – 1. Read and take notes on Unit 1 sections D.1 & D.2. The section starts on pg 86 D.3 write out and answer questions. D.1 Natural Water Purification (aka Purifying through the hydrological cycle ). - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Unit 1 – Section D
Water Purification and Treatment
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HW – 1
Read and take notes on Unit 1 sections D.1 & D.2. The section starts on pg 86
D.3 write out and answer questions.
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D.1 Natural Water Purification(aka Purifying through the hydrological cycle)
Bacterial actions convert organic contaminants into a few simple compounds
Filtration through sand & gravel remove suspended materials
Evaporation, followed by condensation removes nearly all dissolved substances
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D.1 Natural Water Purification(continued)
Pure rainwater is the best natural supply of clean water
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D.2 Municipal Water Purification1. Screening2. Coagulent added
(alum)3. Flocculation removing
suspended particles4. Settling5. Sand filtration6. Chlorination
Optional depending on water quality:
• Aeration• pH adjustment• Fluoridation
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D.3 Water Purification
Natural Water Cycle
Municipal Water
Treatment
Similarities Sand filtration
Differences Bacterial action Chlorination
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D.3 Water Purification(continued)
Remember the natural cycle can be overwhelmed by over demand
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HW - 2
Read and take notes D.4 & D.5
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D.4 Chlorination of Water
Chlorination greatly helps reduce the risk of many diseases and illnesses.
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D.4 Chlorination of Water(continued)
How do we chlorinate water?
1.Cl2 is bubbled through H2O
2.A water solution of NaOCl - sodium hypochlorite, (household bleach) is added to water
3.Ca(OCl)2 - Calcium hypochlorite is dissolved in water (commonly used in swimming pools)
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D.4 Chlorination of Water(continued)
Some chlorine is good, too much presents new chemical risks.
Cl reacts with organics to produce THMc
(trihalomenthanes)
A common THM is chloroform
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D.5 Chlorination and THMs
How to deal with THMs?
1) Pass treatment-water plant through charcoal filter.
Disadvantages: expensive to install and operate
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D.5 Chlorination and THMs(continued)
2 ) Eliminate chlorine and use ozone (O3) or ultraviolet light to disinfect.
Disadvantages: does not protect water once it leaves treatment plant
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D.5 Chlorination and THMs(continued)
3 ) Eliminate prechlorination add only once after filtering.
Disadvantages: still promotes THMs (lesser extent) and decreased chlorination can allow bacterial growth
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HW – 3
Pre-read D.6 Bottled Water vs. Tap Water we will be doing this in class.
Working with a partner answer the questions on pg. 92
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D.6 Bottled Water vs. Tap Water
Tap water is•More consistent in taste
•More convenient
•stringently regulated
•Readily available
•costs less
Bottled water is
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In class
Working with a partner answer the questions on pg. 92
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HW – 4
Pre-read and take notes on D.7 AND just like it looks on pg 94, create a data table as shown. This should be done in a word document.
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D.7 Water Softening
Water hardness is not addressed at municipal treatment plants.
Water containing an excess of dissolved calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+) or iron (III) (Fe3+) ions is known as hard water.
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D.7 Water Softening(continued)
River water usually contains low levels of calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+) or iron (III) (Fe3+) ions , however as it flows over limestone, chalk and other minerals that contain them it gains higher concentrations.
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D.7 Water Softening(continued)
One method of water softening is ion exchange , passing the water through tiny insoluble, porous beads capable of attracting and building cations.
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HW – 5
Read and take notes on D.8 Water & Water Softening
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D.8 Water & Water Softening
Hard water causes common household problems:
• Interferes with actions of soap
• Scale may form as a result of heating
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D.8 Water & Water Softening(continued)
Most cleaning products today contain detergent rather than soap.
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D.8 Water & Water Softening(continued)
If you live in a hard-water region, your home plumbing may include a water-softener on you home plumbing.
Hardness Magnitude
Grains Per Gallon (GPG)
Soft Water 0.0 - 1.0 gpg
Moderately Hard Water
1.0 - 3.5 gpg
Hard Water 3.5 - 7.0 gpg
Very Hard Water 7.0 - 10.5 gpg
Extremely Hard Water
> 10.5 gpg
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Connecting the Concepts
Due by end of class
Q.s 20, 22 & 23* on pg. 103
* Reference pg. 628 assume adult, age 50-70