unit-1 part-1
DESCRIPTION
ncxnvkslTRANSCRIPT
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Meaning, Components and Role of Information Systemsof Information Systems
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Data Versus Information
Monthly Sales Report for West Region
Sales Rep: Charles MannEmp No. 79154Emp No. 79154Item Qty Sold PriceTM Shoes 1200 $100
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What is a system?• A group of interrelated or interacting elements
forming a unified whole, OR• A group of interrelated components working
together toward a common goal by accepting together toward a common goal by accepting inputs and producing outputs in an organized transformation process (dynamic system).
• Five basic interacting components:– Input - Processing (transformation process)– Output - Feedback– Control
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Information Technologies
• Computer hardware technologies• Computer software technologies• Telecommunications network technologies• Data resource management technologies• Data resource management technologies
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Using Information in Finding Problems
• Amount of inventory safety stock• Personnel selection• New product pricing• Expenditure control• Expenditure control
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Need for Database
• Data needs to be managed in order to be available for processing and have appropriate quality.
• Easy updating of the data.• Easy updating of the data.• Easy sharing of the data.
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Data Processing
• Processes transactions and produces reports.• Represents the automation of fundamental,
routine processing to support operations.
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Information Systems
• Information System (IS). Collects, processes, stores, analyzes and disseminates information for a specific purpose.
• Computer-based Information System (CBIS).• Computer-based Information System (CBIS).An information system that uses computer technology to perform some or all of its intended tasks.
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Definition of an Information System
• An information system can be any organized combination of people, hardware, software, communication networks, and data resources that collects, transforms, and disseminates information in an organization.
• People have relied on information systems to communicate • People have relied on information systems to communicate with each other using a variety of physical devices (hardware), information processing instructions and procedures (software), communication channels (networks), and stored data (data resources) since the dawn of civilization.
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INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Hardware
Software
Databases
are used to buildINFORMATION SYSTEMS
Payroll System
Inventory System
IS Vs IT
Databases
Networks
Other related components
SYSTEMS
Marketing System
Customer Service System
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Information Systems Framework
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Information Systems Framework
An IS Framework for Business Professionals – The IS knowledge that a business manager or professional needs to know include the following:
ü Foundation Concepts: fundamental behavior, technical, business, and managerial concepts like system components and functions, or competitive strategies;
ü Information Technologies: concepts, developments, or management issues regarding hardware, ü Information Technologies: concepts, developments, or management issues regarding hardware, software, data management, networks, and other technologies;
ü Business Applications: major uses of IT for business processes, operations, decision making, and strategic/competitive advantage;
ü Development Processes: how end users and IS specialists develop and implement business/IT solutions to problems and opportunities arising in business; and
ü Management Challenges: how to effectively and ethically manage the IS function and IT resources to achieve top performance and business value in support of the business strategies of the enterprise.
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Components of Information System
• People Resources• Hardware Resources• Software Resources• Software Resources• Data Resources• Network Resources• Information Products
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People Resources
ØSpecialists: system analysts, software developers, systems operatorsØEnd Users: anyone else who uses information ØEnd Users: anyone else who uses information
systems
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Hardware Resources
ØMachines: computers, video monitors, magnetic disk drives, printers, optical scannersØMedia: floppy disk, magnetic tape, optical ØMedia: floppy disk, magnetic tape, optical
disks, plastic cards, paper forms
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Software Resources
ØPrograms: operating system programs, spreadsheet programs, word processing programs, payroll programsprograms, payroll programsØProcedures: data entry procedures, error
correction procedures, paycheck distribution procedures
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Data Resources
ØProduct Descriptions, customer records, employee files, inventory databases
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Network Resources
ØCommunications media, communications processors, network access and control softwaresoftware
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Information Products
ØManagement reports and business documents using text and graphics displays, audio responses, and paper formsresponses, and paper forms
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Major Roles of IS
Support CompetitiveAdvantage
Support Business
Decision Making
Support of Business Processes and Operations
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Major Roles of IS• Three major roles of the business applications of information
systems include:
• Support Business Processes –involves dealing with information systems that support the business processes and operations in a business.
• Support Decision Making – help decision makers to make better decisions and attempt to gain a competitive advantage.
• Support Competitive Advantage – help decision makers to gain a strategic advantage over competitors requires innovative use of information technology.