unisphere security and basic management

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Unisphere Security and Basic Management

Upon completion of this module, you should be able to:• List Unisphere security features• Describe Unisphere authentication using LDAP• Audit Control Station events • Explain VNX system notification methods and event

monitoring • Implement Unisphere Security

Unisphere Security and Basic Management 1



This lesson covers the following topics:• VNX administration• Unisphere interface navigation• Command Line Interface (CLI) for File and Block access

Lesson 1: Unisphere and CLI interfaces



VNX Administration


• Administration performed via GUI or CLI connection to VNX Unisphere GUI CLI to Control Station (for File) or Host Secure CLI (for Block)


EMC Unisphere


Enter the IP address of the VNX Control Station or Storage Processor

Browser session

Unisphere VNX Client


Unisphere Interface Terms and Components (1 of 8)


1

1. Top Navigation Bar

2. Task Pane3. Main Pane

23

Expand Main Pane

Expand Task Pane




1

1. Toolbar Search Option

2. General Options

2

Logged User

Navigation “breadcrum

b”

HideTask Menu

Expand Task Menu



TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT


Mouse over an option of the Top Navigation Bar opens

a submenuRight-click of mouse over a query selection opens menu with actions for

selected object




Page Help

Export to CSV file

Refresh the Page

Tools


Unisphere Interface Terms and Components (6 of 8)• Mouse cursor over field name

Wait for pop-up description Quick answers for simple

usability questions• Example:

User is creating a NFS Export for a File System (discussed later on this course)

The Create NFS export dialog box opens with data form

Mouse cursor was placed over “Read-only Hosts:”

Operator waited two seconds




• Wizards Generates pop-up window Simplified step walk through Designed for novice users Further modification and management

done using Navigation and Task pages



VNX for File Command Line Interface (CLI)• Used for the completion of most administrative tasks• Primary function: scripting of repetitive tasks• CLI can be accessed in the Control Station (CS)

Local access available directly at the Control Station console Remote access available via an SSH interface tool like PuTTy

• Approximately 80 Linux-like commands. CS runs an EMC-customized Linux

• Data Movers (DM) do not have CLI Commands are entered from CS CS route the commands to

Data Movers Storage Systems



VNX for File CLI Commands• cel_ commands

Execute to remotely-linked VNX for File systems• cs_ commands

Execute to the local Control Station• fs_ commands

Execute to the specified file system• nas_ commands

Execute to the Control Station database• server_ commands

Execute directly to a Data Mover



Unisphere Integration with VNX for File CLI• Integration with Command Line Interface (CLI)

VNX for File CLI commands can be executed via GUI interface Only one command at a time



VNX for Block Command Line Interface (CLI) • Secure CLI is a comprehensive VNX CLI for Block solution

Client application installed on supported Windows, Linux /Unix hosts Commands consist of naviseccli command and options Commands: Storage connectivity/provisioning, and management, LUN

compression/expansion/migration, storage domain/host agents



SP Setup Page




During this lesson the following topics were covered:• VNX administration• Unisphere interface navigation• Command Line Interface (CLI) for File and Block access

Lesson 1: Summary




This lesson covers the following topics:• VNX Administrative user authentication• Unisphere Security Features• Unisphere authentication scopes• Unisphere user roles for system administration

Lesson 2: Unisphere Security Features



VNX Management Access Security• Different management applications with access to VNX system• Access limited to authorized users and applications

Authentication Identify user making a request

Authorization Determine if user has the right to exercise the request

Privacy Avoid unauthorized disclosure of information to user

Trust Verify the identity of the communication parties

Audit Record of activities performed by authenticated user



VNX Administration Security

• VNX access via GUI or CLI interfaces require user authentication• Administrative options for

Unique administrative user accounts Role based administration Secure authentication and management

SSL/TLS &SSH


Login


Administrative Authentication Scope• Authentication Scopes

Global Local LDAP


Login

LDAP

LDAPUser

LDAP Server

Local LocalUser

Storage Domain

GlobalUser

Global


VNX Default Management Accounts• VNX for File and Unified systems default management accounts

• VNX for Block systems do not have default factory installed management accounts A global account can be created during initialization or first login


Account Description

root VNX for File local account which provides administrator level privileges on the CS

nasadmin VNX for File local account which provides administrator level privileges on the CS

sysadminGlobal system account which provides administrator level privileges for both VNX for File and VNX for Block


• Areas of Administrative responsibility

• Privileges to VNX object Read/Modify/Full Control

• Associated to User’s Primary group

• System-defined roles Cannot be modified/deleted

• User-defined role Custom configured

• Roles apply to GUI & CLI

Administrative Roles



Unisphere SSL/TLS Certificates• Certificates secure VNX network links for:

Management LDAP bindings Establishing a trusted identity PKI encoding and decoding

• Default self-signed certificates SPA, SPB & Control Station 2048 bit RSA keys

• Generate Data Mover self-signed certificates

• Configure CA-signed certificates SPA, SPB & Data Movers


LDAP FileMoverSSL/TLS

Management

VMwareESXi

ClientSoftware


VNX Log Auditing• Audit Logging on a VNX for Block system

Check for suspicious activity logged on the VNX SPs Provides information on the affected SPs and the associated hosts

• Auditing on a VNX for File system Capture management activities initiated from the Control Station Verify access to key system files and end-user data

• Integration with RSA enVision Application provides collection, analysis and reporting of

administrative events logged by the VNX storage systems




During this lesson the following topics were covered:• VNX Administrative user authentication• Unisphere authentication scopes• Unisphere Security features • Unisphere user roles for system administration

Lesson 2: Summary



Unisphere Security and Basic Monitoring

This lesson covers the following topics:• VNX integration with LDAP for management• Binding the Control Station and SPs to LDAP• Configuring group mappings• Assigning administrative roles to LDAP users

Lesson 3: Unisphere Authentication using LDAP



Configuring LDAP Authentication Overview• Configure LDAP binding to LDAP server• Map a VNX Administrative Role to an LDAP Group• VNX creates Local group and maps it to LDAP Group


LDAP Binding1

LDAP-based Domains• Microsoft AD• iPlanet• OpenLDAP

Role to Group mapping2

Group mapping 3


Configuring LDAP Binding: Part 1• Settings > Security

From System Tasks pane Manage LDAP Domain • Server tab

IP address & port number Server Type and Protocol Domain Name BindDN and Password User and Group search Paths



• Role Mapping tab For LDAP Group object Domain group or user name Role for user or group

• Advanced tab Customize various LDAP

attributes

Configuring LDAP Binding: Part 2



Automatic LDAP Group Mapping• New local group automatically created on VNX• Automatic mapping between new local group and LDAP domain

group Members of LDAP group granted administrative rights for role



LDAP User Login• GUI Login

LDAP Credentials Username/Password

Select Use LDAP option• CLI Login to Control Station

LDAP credentials Username format: <username>@<domain name>


login as: [email protected]@[email protected]'s password:*******[ptesca@VNX3cs0 ~]$



During this lesson the following topics were covered:• Integration of VNX with LDAP domains and users• How to bind the Control Station and SPs to LDAP• Configuration of Group mappings• Assignment of Administrative Roles to LDAP users

Lesson 3: Summary




This lesson covers the following topics:• Auditing the administrative access to the Control Station• Auditing events• Control Station audit commands, creation of logs and reports

Lesson 4: Control Station Auditing



Auditing on the VNX Control Station• The purpose of auditing is to record the security-relevant events

that happen on a system Provides information about who initiated the event and the event’s

affect on the system (e.g., success or failure)• Auditing is driven by several factors including compliance

concerns and basic system management• Auditing is enabled by default



Default Audit Events• Defined in /etc/audit/audit.rules

Root file system access by Administrators A list of sensitive system files Changes to the audit infrastructure Users authenticating to the system



Record Types• Several main record types associated to audit events

The main record types are listed on the table below


Record Type Description

SYSCALL Information associated with a system call invocation

PATH Information about a file being accessed

CWD The current working directory of the processUSER_XX

XX Events associated with a user authenticating to the system

FS_WATCH

Associated with accessing a file system object that has an explicit watch placed on it.


Audit Commands• Native Linux commands

No VNX specific commands Man pages Requires root permissions

• /sbin/auditctl Controls the kernel’s audit subsystem

• /sbin/ausearch For reading the audit trail

• /sbin/aureport Produces summary reports of audit logs

• /sbin/service auditd Controls the audit subsystem

Options: start, stop, status, restart, reload, rotate, condrestart



Audit Control

# ./auditctl -husage: auditctl [options] -a <l,a> Append rule to end of <l>ist with <a>ction -A <l,a> Add rule at beginning of <l>ist with <a>ction -b <backlog> Set max number of outstanding audit buffers

allowed Default=64 -d <l,a> Delete rule from <l>ist with <a>ction

l=task,entry,exit,user,watch,exclude a=never,possible,always

-D Delete all rules and watches -e [0..2] Set enabled flag -f [0..2] Set failure flag

0=silent 1=printk 2=panic -F f=v Build rule: field name, operator(=,!=,<,>,<=,

>=,^,&) value -h Help


• Configure Audit behavior - /sbin/auditctl Example shows abbreviated output of this command help


Viewing Audit Log• Reading the audit trail - /sbin/ausearch

Example shows file system paths accessed Output below is abbreviated.


# /sbin/ausearch -i -m PATH |grep cwdtype=CWD msg=audit(04/28/2011 09:05:08.909:8442) : cwd=/nbsnas/servertype=CWD msg=audit(04/28/2011 09:05:08.911:8443) : cwd=/nbsnas/servertype=CWD msg=audit(04/28/2011 09:05:08.914:8444) : cwd=/nbsnas/servertype=CWD msg=audit(04/28/2011 09:05:08.916:8445) : cwd=/nbsnas/servertype=CWD msg=audit(04/28/2011 09:05:08.917:8446) : cwd=/nbsnas/servertype=CWD msg=audit(04/28/2011 09:05:08.974:8447) : cwd=/nbsnas/servertype=CWD msg=audit(04/28/2011 09:05:08.975:8448) : cwd=/nbsnas/servertype=CWD msg=audit(04/28/2011 09:10:01.119:8472) : cwd=/home/nasadmintype=CWD msg=audit(04/28/2011 09:10:01.120:8473) : cwd=/home/nasadmintype=CWD msg=audit(04/28/2011 09:10:01.132:8475) : cwd=/home/nasadmintype=CWD msg=audit(04/28/2011 09:10:01.133:8476) : cwd=/home/nasadmintype=CWD msg=audit(04/28/2011 09:10:01.137:8477) : cwd=/home/nasadmin


Creating Audit Reports• Generating Audit Summary Reports - /sbin/aureport

Example shows Authentication Report


# ./sbin/aureport –authAuthentication Report============================================# date time acct host term exe success event============================================1. 04/28/2011 07:30:04 acct="sysadmin ? ? /nas/sbin/change_passwd no 28034622. 04/28/2011 07:30:06 acct="root ? ? /nas/sbin/change_passwd no 28035223. 04/28/2011 07:30:08 acct="itechi ? ? /nas/sbin/change_passwd no 28035474. 04/28/2011 07:34:52 acct="nasadmin 10.12.247.3 ssh /usr/sbin/sshd yes 545. 04/28/2011 07:35:09 acct="root ? pts/0 /bin/su yes 256


Audit Backups• Audit logs are located in /celerra/audit• Backup of auditing configuration files and current audit log file

To backend: /nas/var/auditing/ Each Control Station synched every 180 seconds

/nas/var/auditing/cs0/ /nas/var/auditing/cs1/

If Control Station in slot 0 is replaced, recovery code will restore the audit configuration files Slot 1 auditing configuration is restored manually


# ls /nas/var/auditing/cs0 lost+found# ls /nas/var/auditing/cs0auditd.conf audit.log audit.rules



During this lesson the following topics were covered:• Auditing the administrative access to the Control Station• Events that can be configured for auditing• Control Station audit commands used for the creation of logs

and reports

Lesson 4: Summary




This lesson covers the following topics:• Unisphere monitoring features• Event logs for VNX system activities• Event monitor operations• Event monitor notifications

Lesson 5: Notification Methods and Event Monitoring



Unisphere System Monitoring• System > Monitoring and Alerts >



Unisphere Monitoring: Alerts• System > Monitoring and Alerts > Alerts



Unisphere Monitoring: Background Tasks for File• System > Monitoring and Alerts > Background Tasks for File



Unisphere Monitoring: Event Logs for File

• VNX for File related events Messages from Data Mover

or Control Station Selected time interval and

severity level Right-click the mouse over

selection and select details



Unisphere Monitoring: SP Event Logs


• VNX for Block related events Events logged on the Storage Processor


Unisphere Monitoring: Notifications for File• System Event Notification: Facility, Severity, Action, Destination• System Resource Utilization: Storage usage, Storage Protection, DM load


Events Query

Description

Facility Facility value must match this value to trigger notification

Severity Severity level that will trigger the notification:0, 1, and 2 – Critical3 – Error4 – Warning4, 6 – informational

Action Action that must be taken if event meet Facility and Severity criteria.

Destination Destination of notification. Format depends on type of action: - Absolute path on CS for log file- Single SNMP trap- Comma separated e-mail addresses

(SMTP)


Unisphere Monitoring: Notifications for Block• Creation and Centralized or Distributed Monitors• Creation and Configuration of Notification templates

Event Severity: Information, Warning, Error, Critical Event Category: Basic Array, MirrorView, SnapView, SAN Copy,

NQM, Alerts, Virtual Provisioning, VNX Snapshots Actions: Logs, Combine events, add response, e-mail notification,

paging service, SNMP trap



Unisphere Monitoring: Statistics for File

• Graphics with info about usage and performance File System Storage Network device

• Change of parameters for visualization and Flexible navigation



Unisphere Monitoring: Statistics for Block


• Unisphere Analyzer



During this lesson the following topics were covered:• Unisphere monitoring features• Event logs for VNX system activities• Event monitor operations• Event monitor notifications

Lesson 5: Summary




This lesson covers the following topics:• Configuring storage domain management of VNX systems• Configuration of administrative users and assignment of

administrative roles• Creating email notifications• Setting notifications for various severity levels

Lesson 6: Implementing Unisphere Security



Unisphere Storage Domains• All Systems > Domains

Each VNX is its own storage domain Domain members: SPA, SPB, Control Station

System managed by Unisphere session to any member Global user account

“sysadmin”: Administrative role


Storage Domain

SPA SPB

CS


Multi-Domain Management• All Systems > Domains



Adding a VNX System to Domain• All Systems > System List > Add


SP IPAddress


Creating New Administrative Users• Settings > Security > User Management

Requires Administrator or Security Administrator role Global users Local users

For File For Block



Assigning Administrative Roles• Settings > Security > User Management > User Customization for File > Users >

Properties Primary Group Group Role

Membership Client Access



VNX Email Notifications: Email User• Setup email account



VNX Notifications: Create Notifications for File• Create event to monitor• Select recipient of notification



Event Monitoring Configuration


1. Event Monitor Type• Distributed • Centralized

2. Selection of hosts to monitor

3. Events by Category• Basic Array• MirrorView• SnapView• SAN Copy• Alerts• VNX Snapshots

4. Severity• Critical• Error• Warnings• Informational

5. Response• Send e-mail• Send SNMP trap



During this lesson the following topics were covered:• Configuring and management of storage domain• Configuration of administrative users and assignment of

administrative roles• Setting email notifications• Setting notifications for File for various severity levels

Lesson 6: Summary



SummaryKey points covered in this module:• VNX provides multiple interface options, including VNX

Unisphere and CLI• Unisphere supports Global, Local, and LDAP authentication

Options, as well as built-in management accounts. Default and custom administrative roles help to control management access.

• Control Station auditing can be used to manage desired events.• Unisphere monitoring and notification can also be used to

manage and report on events.


unisphere security and basic management

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administration of vnx

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cli administration

monitoringunisphere

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