Unifying Themes in Complex Systems

Volume IIIB

New Rese£irch

springer Complexity

Springer Complexity is a publication program, cutting across all traditional disciplines of sciences as well as engineering, economics, medicine, psychology and computer sciences, which is aimed at researchers, students and practitioners working in the field of complex systems. Complex Systems are systems that comprise many interacting parts with the ability to generate a new quality of macro­scopic collective behavior through self-organization, e.g., the spontaneous formation of temporal, spatial or functional structures. This recognition, that the collective behavior of the whole system cannot be simply inferred from the understanding of the behavior of the individual components, has led to various new concepts and sophisticated tools of complexity. The main concepts and tools - with sometimes ovedapping contents and methodologies - are the theories of self-organization, complex systems, synergetics, dynamical systems, turbulence, catastrophes, instabilities, nonlinear-ity, stochastic processes, chaos, neural networks, cellular automata, adaptive systems, and genetic algorithms.

The topics treated within Springer Complexity are as diverse as lasers or fluids in physics, machine cutting phenomena of workpieces or electric circuits with feedback in engineering, growth of crystals or pattern formation in chemistry, morphogenesis in biology, brain function in neurology, behavior of stock exchange rates in economics, or the formation of public opinion in sociology. All these seemingly quite different kinds of structure formation have a number of important features and underlying structures in common. These deep structural similarities can be exploited to transfer analytical methods and understanding from one field to another. The Springer Complexity program therefore seeks to foster cross-fertilization between the disciplines and a dialogue between theo­reticians and experimentalists for a deeper understanding of the general structure and behavior of complex systems.

The program consists of individual books, books series such as "Springer Series in Synerget­ics", 'institute of Nonlinear Science", ''Physics of Neural Networks", and "Understanding Complex Systems", as well as various journals.

NECSI

New England Complex Systems Institute

President Yaneer Bar-Yam New England Complex Systems Institute 24 Mt. Auburn St. Cambridge, MA 02138, USA

For over 10 years, The New England Complex Systems Institute (NECSI) has been instrumental in the development of complex systems science and its applications. NECSI conducts research, education, know-ledge dissemination, and community development around the world for the promotion of the study of complex systems and its application for the betterment of society.

NECSI was founded by faculty of New England area academic institutions in 1996 to further international research and understanding of complex systems. Complex systems is a growing field of science that aims to understand how parts of a system give rise to the system's collective behaviors, and how it interacts with its environment. These questions can be studied in general, and they are also relevant to all traditional fields of science.

Social systems formed (in part) out of people, the brain formed out of neurons, molecules formed out of atoms, and the weather formed from air flows are all examples of complex systems. The field of complex systems intersects all traditional disciplines of physical, biological and social sciences, as well as engineering, management, and medicine. Advanced education in complex systems attracts professionals, as complex systems science provides practical approaches to health care, social networks, ethnic violence, marketing, military conflict, education, systems engineering, international development and terrorism.

The study of complex systems is about understanding indirect effects. Problems we find difficult to solve have causes and effects that are not obviously related. Pushing on a complex system "here" often has effects "over there" because the parts are interdependent. This has become more and more apparent in our efforts to solve societal problems or avoid ecological disasters caused by our own actions. The field of complex systems provides a number of sophisticated tools, some of them conceptual helping us think about these systems, some of them analytical for studying these systems in greater depth, and some of them computer based for describing, modeling or simulating them.

NECSI research develops basic concepts and formal approaches as well as their applications to real world problems. Contributions of NECSI researchers include studies of networks, agent-based modeling, multiscale analysis and complexity, chaos and predictability, evolution, ecology, biodiversity, altruism, systems biology, cellular response, health care, systems engineering, negotiation, military conflict, ethnic violence, and international development.

NECSI uses many modes of education to further the investigation of complex systems. Throughout the year, classes, seminars, conferences and other programs assist students and professionals alike in their understanding of complex systems. Courses have been taught all over the world: Australia, Canada, China, Colombia, France, Italy, Japan, Korea, Portugal, Russia and many states of the U.S. NECSI also sponsors postdoctoral fellows, provides research resources, and hosts the International Conference on Complex Systems, discussion groups and web resources.

NECSl

New England Complex Systems Institute Book Series Series Editor

Dan Braha New England Complex Systems Institute 24 Mt. Auburn St. Cambridge, MA 02138, USA

New England Complex Systems Institute Book Series

The world around is full of the wonderful interplay of relationships and emergent behaviors. The beautiful and mysterious way that atoms form biological and social systems inspires us to new efforts in science. As our society becomes more concerned with how people are connected to each other than how they work independently, so science has become interested in the nature of relationships and relatedness. Through relationships elements act together to become systems, and systems achieve function and purpose. The study of complex systems is remarkable in the closeness of basic ideas and practical implications. Advances in our understanding of complex systems give new opportunities for insight in science and improvement of society. This is manifest in the relevance to engineering, medicine, management and education. We devote this book series to the communication of recent advances and reviews of revolutionary ideas and their application to practical concerns.

Unifying Tiiemes in Complex Systems

New Research Volume IIIB

Proceedings from the Third International

Conference on Complex Systems

Edited by Ali Minai and Yaneer Bar-Yam

Ali A. Minai

Univeristy of Cincinnati Department of Electric^al and Computer Engineering, and Compntcn* Science^ P.O. Box 210030, Rhodes Hall 814 Cincinnati, OH 45221-0030 USA Email: Ali.Minai(cSnc.edu

Yaneer Bar-Yam

New England Complex Systems Institute 24 Mt. Auburn St. Cambridge, MA 02138-3068 USA Email : yaneer^Q^necsi.org

This volume is part of the New England Complex Systems Institute Series on Complexity

ISBN~3-540-35864^1 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York

Library of Congress Control Number: 2()0()928841

This work is subject to copyi'ight. All rights an^ reserved, wlu^ther the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, n^printing, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is ptn'mitted only under the provisions of the German Copyi'ight Law of Sc^ptemlxT 9, 1965, in its current version. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law.

Springer is a part of Springer Science+Business Media springer.com © NECSI Cambridge, Massachusetts 2006 Printed in the USA

The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this {)ublication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exenij>t from the relevant protective laws and regulations and tluuvfore free for general use.

CONTENTS

Introduction ix

Organization and Program xi

1 Complex Behaviors of Simple Systems 3 Julien C. Sprott

2 Thresholds, Bifurcations and Mental Control: An 13 Application of Nonlinear Dynamics to Psychotherapy

Keith Warren, Julien C. Sprott

3 Study of Pattern Formation by Peafowl using LEM 25 Multi-Agent Simulator

Anju Dahiya, Serguei Krivov

4 The Contribution of Complexity Theory to the Study 39 of Socio-Technical Cooperative Systems

Bernard Pavard, Julie Dugdale

5 Complexity Theory of Art: Recent Investigations 49 Igor Yevin

6 Complexity, Emergence and Pathophysiology: Using 57 Non-Adaptive Inflammatory Response

Gary An, Irene Ann Lee

7 Self-Organization of Population Structure in 71 Biological Systems

Guy A. Hoelzer

8 Spatial Periodicity in Mycelial Fungi Growth with 81 Respect to Their Life Strategies

Elena Bystrova, Anton Bulianitsa, Ludmila Panina, Evgenia Bogomolova, Vladimir Kurochkin

9 In Search of Scaling in Brain 93 J. Bliattacharya, P.P. Kaiijilal, S.H. Nizamie

10 Co-operation in the Brain in Higher Cognitive 103 Functioning

J. Bliattacharya, H. Pet so he, E. Pereda

11 A Complex System for the Visualization of Music 111 Jack Ox

12 Plasma Experiments with Relevance for Complexity 119 Science

Erzilia Lozneanu, Sebastian Popescu, Mircea Sanduloviciu

13 Ball Lightning as a Self-Organized Complexity 129 Erzilia Lozneanu, Sebastian Popescu, Mircea Sanduloviciu

14 Self-Organisation in Metabolic Pathways 139 D. J Raine, V. Norris

15 Modelling Bacterial Hyperstructures with Cellular 147 Automata

Lois Le Sceller, Camille Ripoll, Maurice Demarty, Armelle Cabin-Flamand, Thomas Nystrom, Milton Saier Jr., Vic Norris

16 Environmental Complexity: Information For Human- 157 Environment Weil-Being

Alice Ware Davidson, Yaneer Bar-Yam

17 Use of an Object-Based Model to Represent Complex 169 Features of Ecosystems

Lael Parrot, Robert Kok

18 Complexity of Predictive Neural Networks 181 Mark A. Kon, Leszek Plaskota

19 Strategic Planning Amidst Massive Uncertainty in 193 Complex Adaptive Systems: the Case of Defense Planning

Paul K. Davis

20 Locating Self-Organization at the Edge of Chaos 201 Howard A. Blair

21 Formalizing the Gene Centered View of Evolution 215 Yaneer Bar-Yam, Hiroki Sayama

22 The Structure of Instantaneous Phase Resetting in a 223 Neural Oscillator

Sorniel A. Oprisan, Carmen C. Canavier

23 On Analysis of the Periodicity Attributes of the 233 Photo-plethysniograph Signal to Assess the Cardiovascular State

P.P. Kanjilal, S. Bandyopadhyay, J. Bhattacharya

24 Patter Formation by Autonomous Mobile Robots 241 Paola Flocchini, Giuseppe Prencipe, Nicola Santoro, Peter Widmayer

25 Punctuated Equilibrium, Modularity, and A-Life 249 Ravi Jonnal, Anthony Chemero

26 Agent-Based Modeling of Disrupted Market Ecologies: 259 A Strategic Tool to Think and Learn With

Michael J. Jacobson, Mary Ann Allison, Glen E. P. Ropella

27 Considerations about Universality In Phase-Ordering 269 of Binary Liquids

Alexander J. Wagner

28 Complexity and Simplicity in Ecosystems: The Case 279 of Forest Management

Michael Hauhs, Holger Lange, Alois Kastner-Maresch

29 Cell State Dynamics and Tumorigenesis in Boolean 293 Regulatory Networks

Sui Huang

30 The Role of Spontaneous Pattern Formation in the 307 Creation and Maintenance of Biological Diversity

Hiroki Sayama, Les Kaufman, Yaneer Bar-Yam

31 Developing Understanding of Ecological-Economic 315 Systems

Thomas Maxwell, Robert Costanza, Alexey Voinov, Mattias Ruth

32 Self-Healing Structures in Amorphous Computing 325 Jeremy Zucker

33 Phase Transitions in the Computational Complexity 337 of "Elementary" Cellular Automata

Sitabhra Sinha

34 Chaotic Dynamics of Tumor Growth and 349 Regeneration

Ceferino Obcemea

35 Language as a Model of Biocomplexity 355 Sungchul Ji

36 Social Constraints and Cybernetic Explanations 367 Christina Stoica, Jiirgen Kliiver

INDEX OF AUTHORS 377

INTRODUCTION

The mysteries of highly complex systems that have puzzled scientists for years are finally beginning to unravel thanks to new analytical and simulation methods. Better understanding of concepts like complexity, emergence, evolution, adaptation and self-organization have shown that seemingly unrelated disciplines have more in common than we thought. These fundamental insights require interdisciplinary collaboration that usually does not occur between academic departments. This was the vision behind the first International Conference on Complex Systems in 1997; not just to present research, but to introduce new perspectives and foster collaborations that would yield research in the future.

As more and more scientists began to realize the importance of exploring the unifying principles that govern all complex systems, the Third ICCS attracted a diverse group of participants representing a wide variety of disciplines. Topics ranged from economics to ecology, particle physics to psychology, and business to biology. Through pedagogical, breakout and poster sessions, conference attendees shared discoveries that were significant both to their particular field of interest, as well as the general study of complex systems. These volumes contain the proceedings from that conference.

Even with the third ICCS, the science of complex systems is still in its infancy. In order for complex systems science to fulfill its potential to provide a unifying framework for various disciplines, it is essential to establish a standard set of conventions to facilitate communication. This is another valuable function of the conference; it allowed an opportunity to develop a common foundation and language for the study of complex systems.

These efforts have produced a variety of new analytic and simulation techniques that have proven invaluable in the study of physical, biological and social systems. New methods of statistical analysis led to better understanding of polymer formation and complex fluid dynamics; further development of these methods has deepened our understanding of patterns and networks. The application of simulation techniques such as agent-based models, cellular automata, and Monte Carlo simulations to complex systems has increased our ability to understand or even predict behavior of systems that once seemed completely unpredictable.

The concepts and tools of complex systems are of interest not only to scientists, but to corporate managers, doctors, political scientists and policy

makers. The same rules that govern neural networks apply to social or corporate networks, and professionals have started to realize how valuable these concepts are to their individual fields. The ICCS conferences have provided the opportunity for professionals to learn the basics of complex systems and share their real-world experience in applying these concepts.

Third International Conference on Complex Systems: Organization and Program

Organization:

Host:

New England Complex Systems Institute

Partial financial support:

National Science Foundation Perseus Books Harvard University Press

Conference Chair:

* Yaneer Bar-Yam - NECSI

Executive Committee:

* Larry Rudolph - MIT t Ali Minai - University of Cincinnati

Xll

Organizing Committee:

Philip W. Anderson - Princeton University Kenneth J. Arrow - Stanford University Michel Baranger - MIT Per Bak - Niels Bohr Institute Charles H. Bennett - IBM William A. Brock - University of Wisconsin Charles R. Cantor - Boston University Noam A. Chomsky - MIT Leon Cooper - Brown University Daniel Dennett - Tufts University Irving Epstein - Brandeis University Michael S. Gazzaniga - Dartmouth College William Gelbart - Harvard University Murray Gell-Mann - CalTech/Santa Fe Institute Pierre-Gilles de Gennes - ESPCI Stephen Grossberg - Boston University Michael Hammer - Hammer & Co John Holland - University of Michigan John Hopfield - Princeton University Jerome Kagan - Harvard University Stuart A. Kauffman - Santa Fe Institute Chris Langton - Santa Fe Institute Roger Lewin - Harvard University Richard C. Lewontin - Harvard University Albert J. Libchaber - Rockefeller University Seth Lloyd - MIT Andrew W. Lo - MIT Daniel W. McShea - Duke University Marvin Minsky - MIT Harold J. Morowitz - George Mason University Alan Perelson - Los Alamos National Lab Claudio Rebbi - Boston University Herbert A. Simon - Carnegie-Mellon University Temple F. Smith - Boston University H. Eugene Stanley - Boston University John Sterman - MIT James H. Stock - Harvard University Gerald J. Sussman - MIT Edward O. Wilson - Harvard University Shuguano; Zhang - MIT

Xlll

Session Chairs:

Dan Stein - University of Arizona Jeffrey Robbins - Addison-Wesley Yaneer Bar-Yam - NECSI Steve Lansing - University of Arizona David Litster - MIT Irving Epstein - Brandeis University Richard Bagley - Digital Equipment Corporation Yasha Kresh - Drexel University Tim Keitt - SUNY Stony Brook Les Kaufman - Boston University Mark Bedau - Reed College Dan Braha - Ben-Gurion University Dan Prey - MIT Sean Rice - Yale University Max Garzon - University of Memphis Bob Savit - University of Michigan Larry Rudolph - MIT Jerry Chandler - George Mason University Richard Cohen - MIT Kosta Tsipis - MIT Walter Willinger - AT&T Bell Laboratories Helen Harte - NECSI Farrell Jorgensen - Kaiser Permanente Joel MacAuslan - Speech Technology and Applied Research Anjeli Sastry - MIT Walter Freeman - UC Berkeley Ali Minai - University of Cincinnati Michael Jacobson - University of Georgia William Fulkerson - Deere & Company Tom Petzinger - Wall Street Journal

* NECSI Co-faculty t NECSI Affiliate

XIV

Subject areas: Unifying themes in complex sys­tems

The themes are:

EMERGENCE, STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION: substructure, the rela­tionship of component to collective behavior, the relationship of internal structure to external influence.

INFORMATICS: structuring, storing, accessing, and distributing informa­tion describing complex systems.

COMPLEXITY: characterizing the amount of information necessary to describe complex systems, and the dynamics of this information.

DYNAMICS: time series analysis and prediction, chaos, temporal correla­tions, the time scale of dynamic processes.

SELF-ORGANIZATION: pattern formation, evolution, development and adaptation.

The system categories are:

FUNDAMENTALS, PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL SYSTEMS: spatio-temporal patterns and chaos, fractals, dynamic scaling, non-equilibrium processes, hydrodynamics, glasses, non-linear chemical dynamics, complex fluids, molecular self-organization, information and computation in physi­cal systems.

BIO-MOLECULAR & CELLULAR SYSTEMS: protein and DNA folding, bio-molecular informatics, membranes, cellular response and communica­tion, genetic regulation, gene-cytoplasm interactions, development, cellular differentiation, primitive multicellular organisms, the immune system.

PHYSIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS: nervous system, neuro-muscular control, neural network models of brain, cognition, psychofunction, pattern recog­nition, man-machine interactions.

ORGANISMS AND POPULATIONS: population biology, ecosystems, ecology.

HUMAN SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC SYSTEMS: corporate and social structures, markets, the global economy, the Internet.

ENGINEERED SYSTEMS: product and product manufacturing, nano-technology, modified and hybrid biological organisms, computer based in­teractive systems, agents, artificial life, artificial intelligence, and robots.

XV

Program:

Sunday, May 21, 2000

PEDAGOGICAL SESSION - David Meyer - Session Chair

George Cowan - Complexity: Past and Future

Michel Baranger - Physics and the Complexity Revolution

Atlee Jackson - Unifying Principles

Ronnie Mainieri - Dynamical Systems

Mitchell Feigenbaum - Chaos

Robert Berwick - Language

Don Ingber - Biomedicine

RECEPTION SESSION

Edward Lorenz - CUmate

Monday, May 22, 2000

Yaneer Bar-Yam - Welcome

EMERGENCE - Michel Baranger - Session Chair

Stuart Kauffman - Emergence [Herbert A. Simon Award Lecture]

Eugene Stanley - Correlations and Dynamics

Simon Levin - The Ecology and Evolution of Commmunties

Dave Clark - Emergent Dynamics of the Internet

DESCRIPTION A N D MODELING - Jack Cohen - Session Chair

Greg Chaitin - Fundamentals of Mathematics

Per Bak - Self-organization

Kathleen Carley - Agents in Societies

HIGH DENSITY PARALLEL SESSIONS

Thread A

XVI

Applications

Bill Kaliardos - Semi-Structured Decision Processes: A Con­ceptual Framework for Understanding Human-Automation Sys­tems Stephen Hill &: Peter Legg - Top Down vs. Bottom Up Re­source Allocation Strategies in 3rd Generation Mobile Commu­nications

Engineering, Internet, and Cyberspace

M. Raghib - A Complex Systems Model to Sustainable Engi­neering Design Andrew Norman - Information Architecture and the Emergent Properties of Cyberspace

Pattern Formation

E. Lozneanu, S. Popescu, &: M. Sanduloviciu - Plasma Experiments with Relevance for Complexity Science Irina Trofimova - Diversity in Natural Systems William Sulis - Transient Induced Global Response Stabiliza­tion

Spatiotemporal Patterns

Carmen J. Gagne &; Marcelo Gleiser - Lattice Independent Approach to Thermal Phase Mixing E. Lozneanu, M. Sanduloviciu &; S. Popescu- Ball Lighting as Self-Organized Complexity Jessica Kleiss - Non-linear Fluid Dynamics of an Open, Dissi-pative System of Many Masses E. Degroote &: P. L. Garcia-Ybarra - Criticality of Flame Spreading over Liquid Fuels Horacio G. Rotstein &: Rina Tannenbaum - Distribution patterns in a coagulation-fragmentation process due to diffusion

Thread B

Biocomplexity

Derek Raine - Self-Organization in Metabolic Pathways? Simon Berkovich - On the "Barcode" Interpretation of the DNA Structure Koji Ohnishi - Neural Network-Like Hierarchical Sociogenesis as a Common Evolutionary Logic for Bio-Machinogenesis and Semeiogenesis Sungchul Ji - Language as a Model of Biocomplexity

Neural Cognition

Sorinel Adrian Oprisan &: Carmen C. Canavier - A Topo­logical Approach on the Phase Resetting Curve Construction

XVll

J. Bhattacharya, H. Petsche, E. Pereda - CoOperation in the Brain in Higher Cognitive Functioning Joydeep Bhattacharya - In Search Of Scaling in the Brain Richard Hahnloser - Steady-State Transmission of Poisson Distributed Pulses

Medical

Ceferino Obcemea - Chaotic Dynamics of Tumor Growth and Regeneration

Thread C

Socio-economic Systems

Economics Frederic B. Jennings, Jr. - Four Choice Metaphors for Economic Systems Analysis Yoshi Fuji war a &: Satoshi Maekawa - Self-similarity dy­namics of price fluctuations

Political and Social Networks M. Raghib - The Challenge of Sustainability in Developing Countries: A Complex Systems View Gus Koehler - Government Regulation of Industry-Cluster Time-Ecologies Patti Hamilton &; Bruce J. West - Nonlinear Dynamics in Births to Teens in Texas Sean Hagberg - The Emergence of Symbol

Organizational William E. Smith - Purpose, Power, and Process: A New Philosophy, Model, and Meta Language for Understanding and Designing the Organizing Process Bernard Pavard &; Julie Dugdale - The Contribution of Complexity Theory to the Study of Socio-Technical Cooper­ative Systems Ian F. Wilkinson, James B. Wiley, &: Aizhong Lin -Modeling the Structural Dynamics of Industrial Networks Alice Davidson - Using Mutual Information to Discover Human-Environment Patterning Related to Well-Being

Thread D

Education

Claire Edelist - Teaching the Modeling of Biological Systems Damon Centola, Eamon Mckenzie, &: Uri Wilensky - Sur­vival of the "Groupiest:" Understanding of Multi-Level Evolution through Multi-Agent Modeling in the EACH Project

XVlll

Paul Newton &: Larry Smith - An Account of a Year-Long Community System Dynamics Course Held for K-12 Teachers, High School Students, and Community Members to Address Complex Community Problems Maria A Serrano-Lopez - The Organic Dynamic Model of Second Language Writing (L2W)

Psychology

Mihnea Moldoveanu - Problem-Shifts: A Model of Choices Among Problem

Business

Michael J. Jacobson, Glen E. P. Ropella, Sz Mary Ann Allison - Multi-Agent Modeling of Technologically Disrupted Market Ecologies: Business Challenges, Model Development, And Applications Jerry Kurtyka - Adaptive Marketing: Changing the Relation­ship of Businesses to Their Customers Jochen SchoU - The Quest for Novel Explanations in Organi­zational Sciences Mark Gaynor - Network Services as Complex Adaptive Systems

Thread E

Ecology & Evolution

Lael Parrott &: Robert Kok - Use of an Object-Based Model to Represent Complex Features of Ecosystems Peter Dittrich - The Seceder Effect in Bounded Space Stuart M. Leiderman - Discovering the "New World" of En­vironmental Refugees

Complexity

Carlos E. Puente - May Plato be right? Carlos J. Morales &; Eric Kolaczyk - Multifractal Spectrum Estimation Using Wavelets Robert K. Logan - Science as a Language, the Non-Probativity Theorem, and the Complementarily of Complexity and Pre­dictability Lev Steinberg - Application of Gauge Theory to Uncertainties

POSTER SESSION Alternate Approaches to Complexity

Jeffrey G. Long - The Need for New Abstractions to Understand Seemingly Complex Systems

Alternate Approaches to Consciousness

XIX

Daniel W. Miller - A Bridge for Consciousness: Are Criteria for Unification of Approaches Feasible?

Alex Levichev - Chronometry Based Approach to Consciousness and a Possible Role of Tachionic Representations

Biocomplexity

L. K. Panina, Uy. A. Kumzerov, E. Bogomolova - Spatial Organization and Phase Transition in Dimorphic Fungi Craig Zimmermann - Community Self-Organization and the Intro­duction of a Bioremediative Soil Organism

Alfredo Marcano and Juan Jiminez - Nonlinear Structures in DNA chains

Sanjive Qazi And Barry Trimmer - Studying Information Pro­cessing of Complex and Noisy Transmitter Signals by Multistate Ion-Gated Channels

Istvan P. Sugar - Monte Carlo Simulation of Two Component Lipid Membranes

Hiroki Sayama And Yaneer Bar-Yam - Formalizing The Gene Centered View Of Evolution

Stephen H. Bennett, Marlowe W. Eldridge, Carlos E. Puente, Rudolf H. Riedi, Thomas R. Nelson, Boyd W. Goet-zman, Jay M. Milstein, Shiam S. Singhal, Keith Horsfield, Michael J. Woldenberg - Origins of Fractal Branching in the Lung Olga Zhaxybayeva, Lorraine Olendzenski, Lei Liu, Ryan Murphey, Dong Guk Shin Sz J. Peter Gogarten - Horizon­tal Transfer of Archaeal Genes into the Deinococcaceae: Detection by Molecular and Computer Based Approaches Peter Wolf - Self-Organization via Dimerization of G-Protein Cou­pled Receptors

Caroly A. Shumway, Hans A. Hofmann, D . Sorocco, R. Wakafumbe, And L. Kaufman - How Does Social and Habitat Complexity Affect Brain Structure? Carlos E. Puente - Simplicity from Complexity Victoria Anne Smith - Self-organized social environments in a freely assorting flock of captive cowbirds, Molothrus ater

Computing

Sol Efroni - Design principles of cognitive systems: Immunity, Vi­sion, Language Jeremy Zucker - Self-Healing Structures in Amorphous Computing

Ecology

XX

Michael Hauhs, Holger Lange, &: Alois Kastner-Maresch -Computer-Aided Managing of Ecosystems: The Case of Forestry Yoram Louzoun - Food Ranging By Simple Agents J. L Garland, J. F. Weishampel, &: J. P. Richmond - Self-Organized Critical Behavior in Microbial Communities

Education

Brock Dubbels - Simplifying Literature with Complexity

Medical

John H. Holmes, Dennis R. Durbin, And Flaura K. Win­ston - Evolution-Assisted Emergence of Explanatory and Predictive Models in Population-Based Epidemiologic Surveillance Data Uri Hershberg, Yoram Louzoun, Sorin Solomon - Modelling HIV strain evolution: The Mechanism of Slow Victory Partha Pratim Kanjilal, Sharba Bandyopadhyay, &: Joydeep Bhattacharya - An Analysis of the Periodicity Attributes of the Photoplethysmograph Signal to Assess the Cardiovascular State

Psychology

Willem Zuidema - Conditions for lexical convergence in association games

Socio-economic

Dean Lebaron &: Gottfried Mayer-Kress - Complexity Digest

Christina Stoica Lionel Sacks - Convergence in High Energy Physics: its impact on Distributed Working and the Internet Vesa Salminen &; Balan Pillai - Nonlinear Dynamics Of Interact­ing Mechanisms In Distributed Product Development Carlos Gershenson, Pedro Pablo Gonzalez And Jose Negrete Martinez - Action Selection and Weak Social Action Sorinel Adrian Oprisan - The theory of stochastic functional self-organization

Spatio-Temporal

David J. Sill - Probing Lower Level Hyperstructures Abraham D. Stroock, Rustem F. Ismagilov, Howard A. Stone, And George M. Whitesides - Mean Flow in Supercrit­ical Maragoni Convection over Asymmetrical Topography M. Long Nguyen - Controlling Granular-Elastic Crossover in Gran­ular Media Using Polydispersity

XXI

Ilija Dukovski - Invaded Cluster Klonte Carlo Algorithm for Critical Points with Continuous Symmetry Breaking J. Bhattacharya, R. Kariyappa, E. Pereda, &: P. P. Kanjilal - Application of Nonlinear Analysis to Intensity Oscillations of the Chromospheric Bright Points

Tuesday, May 23, 2000

SELF-ORGANIZATION - David Campbell ~ Session Chair

George Whitesides - Complex Chemical Systems

Irv Epstein - From Nonlinear Chemistry to Biology

Chris Adami - Artificial Life

Duncan Watts - Small World Networks

AFTERNOON PARALLEL BREAKOUT SESSIONS

John Symons - Philosophy of Brain/Mind

John Bickle Bill Bechtel Alfredo Pereira Joao Teixera Alex Rueger

Irv Epstein - Evolution

Jack Cohen - Evolution is Complex ... Homayoun Bagheri-Chaichian - Evolvability of Multi-Enzyme Systems J. Peter Gogarten, W. Ford Doolittle, &: Lorraine Olendzen-ski - Does HOT Shape Microbial Taxonomy? Yukihiko Toquenaga - Critical States of Fitness Landscapes John Pepper - Positive assortment among cooperators through en­vironmental feedback

David Meyer &; Ronnie Mainieri - Spatio-Temporal Patterns

Alfred Hubler - Adaptation to the Edge of Chaos of Self-Adjusting Dynamical Systems Andreas Rechtseiner &: Andrew M. Eraser - Hidden States for Modeling Interactions Between Disparate Spatiotemporal Scales

XXll

Alexander Wagner - Lack of Universality in late Time Spinodal Decomposition?

J. Palmer - Complexity in the Climate system Rustem F. Ismagilov - Spatiotemporal patterns and system envi­ronment interactions J. C. Sprott - Complex Behavior of Simple Systems

Juergen Kluever - Social Systems

Nazli Choucri Edgar Peters - Complexity Theory and the Austrian School of Eco­nomics

Patrick Doreian - Evolution of Social Networks in Fragments Robert Macdonald &: Christopher Owens - The Bios Group: Applying Complexity to Business Problems

Christina Stoica - Social Constraints and Cybernetic Explanation

Kathleen Carley &: Carter Butts

EVENING PARALLEL BREAKOUT SESSIONS

Dan Frey - Complexity in the Aerospace Industry

Edward F. Crawley - System Architecture and Complexity John P. Sullivan - Complexity of Product Development: the Role of Standard Work William P. Niedringhaus - An Agent-Based Model Of The Airline Industry Dan Hastings - Space Systems: Policy, Design, and Architecture Chris Holmes - Using Platform Design to Manage Complexity of an Aerospace Product Line

John Bickle - Neural Cognition

Helen Barbas - Patterns Of Cortical Connections Linking Areas Associated With Cognition, Memory, And Emotion In Primates R. V. Jensen - Synchronization of Randomly Driven Nonlinear Os­cillators Mark A. Kon &: Leszek Plaskota - Information Complexity of Neural Networks Marica Bernstein - Fusing Significance Coding in Cingulate Cor­tex with Frontal Circuits Generating Cognitive Sequences: General­izing from a Neurocomputational Model of "Motivated" Saccadic Eye Movements Richard Hahnloser - Digital selection and analog amplification co­exist in a silicon circuit inspired by cortex.

XXlll

S. J. Nasuto, J. L. Krichmar, R. Scorcioni, &: G. A. Ascoli -Algorithmic Statistical Analysis of Electrophysiological Data for the Investigation of Structure-Activity Relationship in Single Neurons Peter Cariani - Emergence of a Perceptual Gestalt: Neural Corre­lates of the Pitch of the "Missing Fundamental"

JefF Stock - Ecology

Madhur Anand - Ecological Communities: More than the Sum of their Parts

Vasyl Gafiychuk & I. A. Lubashevsky - Synergetic Self-Regulation in Complex Hierarchical Systems

Guy Hoelzer - The Self-Organization of Population Structure in Biological Systems

Hiroki Sayama, Les Kaufman &: Yaneer Bar-Yam - The Role of Spontaneous Pattern Formation in the Creation and Maintenance of Biological Diversity

Michael Hauhs, Holger Lange, & Alois Kastner-Maresch -Computer-Aided Managing of Ecosystems: The Case of Forestry

Michael Jacobson - Business & Management

Bob Wiebe Linda Testa Pierpaolo Andriani - Complexity, Knowledge Creation, and Dis­tributed Intelligence in Industrial Clusters

Harold E. Klein - Representation of the Strategic Organization Environment as a Complex System

Luis Mateus Rocha - A Complex Systems Approach to Knowledge Management

Phillip Auerswald - The Complexity of Production and Inter-Industry Difference in the Persistence of Profits Above the Norm Ted Fuller &: Paul Moran - Thinking for Organizational Learning Complexity as a Social Science Methodology in Understanding the Impact of Exogenous Systemic Change on Small Business

Wednesday, May 24, 2000

COMPLEX ENGINEERED SYSTEMS - Dan Braha - Session Chair

Nam Suh - Complexity and Design Engineering

XXIV

Steven Eppinger - Product Development Complexity

Bill Mitchell - Complexity in Architecture

Michael Caramanis - Scale Decomposition of Production

AFTERNOON PARALLEL SESSIONS

Thread A

Education

Lynn Andrea Stein - Changing Educational Concepts in Com­puter Science Uri Wilensky - Using networked handheld devices to enable participatory simulationsiof complex systems Robert Tinker - Emergence in Precollege Education Karen Vanderven &: Carlos Antonio Torre - Towards Trans­forming Education: Applications of Complexity Theory Len R. Troncale - Stealth Systems Science at All Universities: Integrated Science General Education.

Art

Igor Yevin - Complexity Theory of Art and Traditional Study of Art Jack Ox - A Complex System for the Visualization of Music, Including the Journey from 2D to Virtual Reality

Thread B

Particle Physics Special Talk

Claudio Rebbi - Multiple Scales in Particle Physics

Socio-Economic Systems Special Talk

Lionel Sacks - A complexity analysis of Integrity in Telephony Networks

Applications

Fred M. Discenzo - Intelligent Devices Enable Enhanced Mod­eling and Control of Complex Real-Time Systems

Funding

Mariann Jelinek - NSF James J. Anderson - NIH Eric Hamilton & Anthony E. Kelly - NSF

Thread C

Pattern Formation

Mark Kimura, Yuri Mansury, Thomas S. Deisboeck, &: Jose Lobo - A Model of Spatial Agglomeration

XXV

Bartosz A. Grzybowski, Howard A. Stone &: George M. Whitesides - Dynamic Self-Assembly of Magnetized, Millimeter-Sized Objects Rotating at the Liquid-Air Interface S. C. Nicolis, J. L. Deneubourg, A. Soquet, &: D. De-molin - Fluctuation Induced Self-Organization of a Phonological system

Cellular Automata and Artificial Life

Flocchini, Giuseppe Prencipe, Nicola Santoro, &: Peter Widmayer - Limits to Pattern Formation by Autonomous Mo­bile Robots Ravi Jonnal &: Anthony Chemero - Investigating the Evo­lution of Modularity and Punctuated Equilibrium

Cellular Automata and Complexity

Howard A. Blair - Locating Self-Organizing Structure at the Edge of Chaos Sitabhra Sinha - Phase Transitions in the Computational Com­plexity of "Elementary" Cellular Automata

B A N Q U E T SESSION

Kenneth Arrow - Economics

Thursday, May 25, 2000

BIOCOMPLEXITY - Temple Smith - Session Chair

Leroy Hood - Complex Biological Systems

JefF Stock - The Bacterial Nanobrain

Stuart Pimm - Biodiversity and the Construction of Ecosystems

Jay Lemke - Multiple Timescales in Complex Ecosocial Systems

AFTERNOON PARALLEL BREAKOUT SESSIONS

JefF Cares &: John Dickmann - Military Systems

Alfred Brandstein &: Gary E. H o m e - Operational Synthesis

Issac Sais Yacov Y. Haimes &: Paul Jiang - Leontief-Based Model of Risk in Complex Interconnected Infrastructures

Petra Ahrweiler - Simulatino; Self-organizino; Innovation Networks

XXVI

Nigel Gilbert - Innovation networks by design: the case of the Mo­bile Virtual Centre of Excellence

Paul Windrum &: Chris Birchenhall - Unlocking a Lock-in: A formal Model of technological Succession Andre£is Pyka &: P. Saviotti - Innovation Networks in the Biotechnology-Based Sectors Glen Ropella

Sungchul Ji - Biocomplexity

Daniel Rothman - Global biodiversity and the ancient carbon cycle Edward C. Cox - The Control of Organism and Territory Size in Dictyostelium: The Importance of Spiral Waves E. B. Bogomolova, A. L. Bulianitsa, E. Uy. Bystrova,V. E. Kurochkin, &: L. K. Panina - Spatial Periodicity in Mycelial Fungi Growth with Respect to their Life Strategies Lois Le Sceller, Camille Ripoll, Maurice Demarty, &; Vic Norris - Modeling Bacterial Hyperstructures with Cellular Automata Chris Fall - Integrated modeling of Ca2+ signaling Andrey Rzhetsky - A Snail Climbing Mountain of Fuji: Towards

Understanding Signal Transduction Pathways in Vertebrates

Eamonn Kelly - Education Round Table

Jim Kaput

Leroy Hood Jay Lemke - Multiple Timescales in Complex Ecosocial Systems Roumen Borissov Eric Hamilton

EVENING PARALLEL BREAKOUT SESSIONS

Mark W. Mcelroy - Knowledge Management

Steven A. Cavaleri Fred Reed Amy Edmondson George Roth Michael Mcmaster

Jeff Schank - Psychology

D. R. Bauer &: V. Utermohlen - Sensor Fusion Between Taste and Smell to Provide Flavor: An Example of a Complex Process William H. Calvin Sz Derek Bickerton - Lingua ex Machina: Reconciling Darwin and Chomsky

XXVll

Richard A. Heath - Complexity, Nonlinearly, and Human Cogni­tion

Keith Warren - Thresholds, Bifurcations, and Mental Control: An Application of Nonlinear Dynamics to Psychotherapy David R. Collins &: Geoffrey P. Bingham - How Continuous is the Perception of Relative Phase?

Michael Pichat - Complex Mathematical Reasoning in Didactic Sys­tems

Mihnea Moldoveanu - Cognition and Complexity: A Model of Choices Among Beliefs

Jim Uber - Socio-economic systems

I. Adjali, D. CoUings, A. Varley, &; M. H. Lyons - Investigating Learning Schemes in Game Theory With an Application to a Model of Entry in a Regulated Market Eric B. Baum &: Igor Durdanovic - Evolution of Cooperation in an Artificial Economy

Thomas Maxwell, Robert Costanza, Alexey Voinov, Roel Boumans, &; Ferdinando Villa - Multiscale Modeling of Complex Ecological Economic Systems David W. Peterson - Evolution of Firms Using Blind Strategies: The Emergence of Observed Patterns of Bureaucracy, Innovation, and Economic Growth

Bennett Levitan, Jose Lobo, &: Deborah Strumsky - The Ef­fect of Connective on Organizational Performance and Learning

Helen Harte - Medical Complexity

Steven H. Kleinstein &: Jaswinder Pal Singh - Toward Quan­titative Validation of Immune-System Models: Germinal Center Dy­namics in the 2-Phenyl-5-Oxazolone Response

Sui Huang &; Donald Ingber - Cell State Dynamics and Malig­nant Transformation as Boolean Regulatory Networks: A Model for Postgenomic Integrative Biology

F. SafFre, C. Frelin, &: V. Krinsky - A Model for Atherosclerosis Gary An - Complexity, Emergence, and Pathophysiology: Using Agent-Based Computer Simulation to Characterize the Non-Adaptive Inflammatory Response

Edward J. Gallaher - Experiments and Dynamic Modeling of Al­cohol Sensitivity and Tolerance in Genetically Diverse Inbred Mouse Strains.

XXVlll

Friday, May 26, 2000

MEDICAL COMPLEXITY - Thomas Deisboeck / Yasha Kresh - Ses­sion Chairs

Clay Easterly - The Virtual Human

Alan Perelson - Theory of the Immune System

Jim Collins - Dynamics in Multiscale Biology

Timothy Buchman - Multiorgan Failure

Ary Goldberger - Fractal Mechanisms and Complex Dynamics in Health, Aging and Disease

Stephen Small - Medical Errors

Mark Smith - Medical Management

Publications:

Proceedings:

Conference proceedings (this volume) Video proceedings are available to be ordered through the New England Complex Systems Institute.

Journal articles:

Individual conference articles were published through the refereed on-line journal InterJournal and are available on-line (http://interjournaLorg/) as manuscripts numbered 217-271.

Other products:

An active email discussion group has resulted from the conference. Access and archives are available through links from http://necsi.org/.

Web pages:

http:/ /necsi .org/ Home page of the New England Complex Systems Institute with links to the conference pages. http:/ /necsi .org/html/ iccs2.html Second International Conference on Complex Systems (this volume). http://necsi .org/events/iccs/iccs2program.html

XXIX

Conference program. http:/ /necsi .org/html/iccs.html First International Conference. http:/ /necsi .org/html/iccs3.html Third International Conference. http://interjournal.org/ InterJournal: refereed papers from the conference are published here.