UNIDAD ACADÉMICA DE CIENCIAS SOCIALES

CARRERA DE CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN MENCIÓNINGLÉS

MACHALA2016

MORA VERDUGA JOSELYN LIZBETH

METHODOLOGICAL STRATEGIES TO DEVELOP THE LISTENING INTHE 8TH GRADE A OF ISMAEL PEREZ PAZMIÑO HIGH SCHOOL

PERIOD 2016 2017

UNIDAD ACADÉMICA DE CIENCIAS SOCIALES

CARRERA DE CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN MENCIÓNINGLÉS

MACHALA2016

MORA VERDUGA JOSELYN LIZBETH

METHODOLOGICAL STRATEGIES TO DEVELOP THE LISTENINGIN THE 8TH GRADE A OF ISMAEL PEREZ PAZMIÑO HIGH

SCHOOL PERIOD 2016 2017

Urkund Analysis Result Analysed Document: MORA VERDUGA JOSELYN LIZBETH.pdf (D21114307)Submitted: 2016-07-18 20:16:00 Submitted By: joselin_morav@hotmail.com Significance: 2 %

Sources included in the report:

http://www.revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/profile/article/view/36508/42070

Instances where selected sources appear:

1

U R K N DU

GRATITUDE

Everything that I get in my life, I'll always thank God, without him there is nothing.

Obviously, thanks to my parents, because they supported me in every step that I took,

to get here.

To the good music, which accompanied me during the long nights I spent doing this work.

To the good films that made my days happier, and to those few good people, who solved

all my concerns.

~ 2 ~

METHODOLOGICAL STRATEGIES TO DEVELOP THE LISTENING IN THE 8TH

GRADE "A" OF ISMAEL PÉREZ PAZMIÑO HIGH SCHOOL, PERIOD 2016-2017.

RESUMEN

Con el objetivo de mejorar la calidad de enseñanza del docente de inglés del 8vo año

“A” de la unidad educativa “Ismael Pérez Pazmiño” en cuanto a mejorar la habilidad de

listening se refiere, se propone una serie de estrategias metodológicas que se pueden

aplicar en clases, las cuales ayudarán al estudiante a perfeccionar la habilidad de

listening, que es una de la más difícil de mejorar, y para esto el maestro debe ser

creativo, práctico y valerse de un sinnúmero de materiales y recursos metodológicos

para poder lograr un aprendizaje significativo.

El trabajo se respalda en ciertas teorías que confirman la importancia de usar estrategias

metodológicas en clases de inglés, ya que facilitarán el aprendizaje del listening y

motivarán al estudiante, creando un ambiente agradable para un correcto aprendizaje.

Palabras claves: Mejorar, calidad, enseñanza, docente de inglés, habilidad de listening,

estrategias metodológicas, habilidad, más difícil, maestro, creativo, práctico, materiales,

recursos metodológicos, aprendizaje significativo, motivar, aprendizaje.

ABSTRAT

With the goal of improving the quality of teaching the English teacher of 8th grade "A" of

“Ismael Perez Pazmiño” High School, in improving the listening skill is concerned, a

series of methodological strategies that can be applied in classes is proposed, which will

help students improve the listening skill, which is one of the most difficult to refine, and

for this the teacher must be creative, practical and avail themselves of a number of

materials and methodological resources to achieve the meaningful learning.

This work is supported in certain theories that confirm the importance of using

methodological strategies in English classes because they provide listening learning and

motivate students, creating a pleasant atmosphere for proper learning.

Key words: Improving, quality, teaching, English teacher, listening skill, methodological

strategies, skill, most difficult, teacher, creative, practical, materials, methodological

resources, meaningful learning, motivate, and learning.

~ 3 ~

CONTENT

Pag.

INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 5

PROBLEMS ................................................................................................................. 7

History of the problem .................................................................................................. 7

Central problem: ........................................................................................................... 7

Complementary problems: ........................................................................................... 7

OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................................... 8

General objective: ........................................................................................................ 8

Specific objectives: ....................................................................................................... 8

DEVELOPMENT .......................................................................................................... 9

Methodological strategies ............................................................................................. 9

The importance of using methodological strategies in the teaching - learning process. 9

The relation between methodological strategies and meaningful learning. ..................10

Strategies for developing listening. ..............................................................................10

Materials and activities. ...............................................................................................10

Exercises for listening skill. ..........................................................................................11

Listen unanswered ......................................................................................................11

Listen with short answers. ...........................................................................................11

~ 4 ~

Listen with longer answers. .........................................................................................11

Motivation in English classes: ......................................................................................12

Importance of motivation: ............................................................................................12

Importance of training and updating teachers. .............................................................12

Use of ICT in English classes. .....................................................................................13

The use of podcast ......................................................................................................13

Extracurricular activities...............................................................................................13

CONCLUSIONS: ...................................................................................................................... 14

BIBLIOGRAPHY ....................................................................................................................... 15

~ 5 ~

INTRODUCTION

On many occasions, English teachers explain English grammar but rarely teach their

students to express themselves in English, that is, they rarely practice speaking and

almost never listening, the latter being one of the most difficult language skills and the

less practiced.

With regard to this problematic situation, the teacher of 8th Grade "A" of Ismael Pérez

Pazmiño High School teaches English in a boring way; uses traditional materials and

teaching resources, causing demotivating and repetitive English classes, which do not

allow meaningful learning. As the listening a little harder than the rest of the language

skills, methodological strategies should be used to motivate students and enhance this

ability.

For this reason the application of methodological strategies is important to improve the

listening skill, generating an active and motivating teaching - learning process.

According to Nisbet Schuckermith (1987) methodological strategies allow to choose,

coordinate and implement skills. These are related to meaningful learning and learning

to learn. (Martínez, 2012)

In Gestalt theory the teacher tries to encourage students in some other way to make a

joke, teamwork, change activity. Students respond positively to any stimulus. This theory

believes that human beings respond to the stimulus through perception.

In the theory of multiple intelligences by Howard Gardner indicates that there are 8 kind

of intelligences, including one added by Goleman (Emotional Intelligence), the teacher

is responsible for enhancing each of the intelligences in their students, so they discover

itself abilities and skills, and strengthen them. (Mainieri, 2015)

Based on the comments, it is set as main objective Propose methodological strategies

that teacher of 8th Grade "A" of Ismael Pérez Pazmiño High School can apply to develop

listening skill in their students.

The failure to apply methodological strategies in class, when the teacher carries out a

listening activity, triggers a series of problems and limitations such as:

~ 6 ~

- Little interest and motivation in class.

- Low level of understanding of the language.

- Lack of commitment from the teacher and the students.

For all stated above, it has raised the following issue: METHODOLOGICAL

STRATEGIES TO DEVELOP THE LISTENING IN THE 8TH GRADE "A" OF ISMAEL

PÉREZ PAZMIÑO HIGH SCHOOL, PERIOD 2016-2017. This work proposes different

methodological strategies that the teacher can apply in classes and extracurricular

activities that allow better development of the listening skill.

~ 7 ~

PROBLEMS

History of the problem

The methodological strategies are very important, as these are related to meaningful

learning, and learning to learn therefore it is necessary to apply them in English classes

and especially when practicing the listening skill, as this is more complex than others.

But teachers do not apply them, they usually use traditional strategies and resources

that are tedious for the students, and lack of motivation; thus impairing learning English,

and worse the improvement of listening.

Ecuador has a low level of English according to the English Proficiency Index (EF EPI)

the problem is the methodology applied by the teacher and the lack of good

methodological strategies, thus becoming a severe problem.

The teacher of 8th Grade "A" of Ismael Pérez Pazmiño High School tends to have

disadvantages when applying strategies, either for lack of audiovisual material or other

factors. This situation affects the quality of teaching - learning at the High School, for this

reason a solution to improve this situation would arise.

Central problem:

What methodological strategies should the teacher of 8th Grade "A" of Ismael Pérez

Pazmiño High School apply?

Complementary problems:

- How does motivation affect students' interest level when learning English?

- What materials and activities should the teacher apply when applying listening

activity?

- What is the importance of teaching update for proper and effective use of ICT in

English classes?

- What extracurricular activities are appropriate to perfect this skill?

~ 8 ~

OBJECTIVES

General objective

To propose methodological strategies that teacher of 8th Grade "A" of Ismael Pérez

Pazmiño High School can apply to develop the listening skill in their students.

Specific objectives

- To explain how motivation affect students' interest level when learning English.

- To suggest activities and materials that the teacher can apply when carrying out a

listening activity.

- To justify the importance of teaching update for proper and effective use of ICT in

English classes.

- To assess the use of extra-curricular activities as a way to perfect this skill.

~ 9 ~

DEVELOPMENT

Because of the teacher of 8th Grade "A" of Ismael Pérez Pazmiño High School uses

traditional methodological strategies, which are demotivating and without efficient

results, I propose some strategies that he could apply in his English classes,

but first it is necessary to establish its definition.

Methodological strategies

According to Universidad Experimental Libertador (2002) methodological strategies are:

“Means that the teacher uses to produce behavioral changes in students during the

teaching - learning process. Formed by methods, technique and resources” (Valenzuela

& Viloria, 2008)

The importance of using methodological strategies in the teaching - learning

process.

By using innovative strategies students increase confidence, being more creative and

researchers, entering a context where concepts can be learned. It may be said the

student thinks productively, so that he develops his reasoning, to face new situations

and let involvement himself with motivating methodological applications. (Inostroza,

2013)

According to J. Dewey (cited by (Cordero & Pizarro, 2011) teachers must create a

motivating environment for the students, so they will develop to the maximum of their

intellectual capacities. Besides the curriculum must be according to the interests and

needs of students.

The theory of multiple intelligences Gardner states that the human being has not a

unique way to learn, on the contrary, there are eight ways in which we obtains

knowledge, of course that some intelligences are more developed than others; so the

human being is able to know the world through language, logical analysis - mathematical,

spatial representation, musical intelligence, kinesthetic, understanding others and

ourselves, so also the contact with nature. (Lizano & Umaña, 2006)

~ 10 ~

The relation between methodological strategies and meaningful learning.

Meaningful learning is the interaction of the new information with existing ideas in

cognitive structure, the latter being of great importance for proper acquisition of

information. (Ausubel, 1983 cited in (Mota & Valles, 2015)

Methods, techniques, activities and resources make up the strategies for meaningful

learning, which aim to ensure students learning, previously established program

objectives class, as cited in (García, Alviarez, & Torres)

Strategies for developing listening.

According to (River, 2013) the following strategies may help you in your English classes

and improve your listening:

- It incorporates the four skills in the lessons.

- Use real English, and authentic language materials, such as newspapers, magazine,

videos and conversations with native English speakers.

- Be active, make students learn physically by role-playing, presentations, and

simulations and stuff like that.

- Use accessories and manipulatives, such as maps, images and written instructions,

draw storyboards to express ideas.

- Have fun, play games, setting challenges and competitions among students.

Materials and activities.

The materials must be real because they allow the practice in the classroom is useful to

the outside world. (Córdoba, Coto, & Ramírez, 2005)

Next, there is a list of activities that focus on listening, some do not but focus on

communication, in which listening takes a prominent role. These activities were

suggested by Ur (1984, p. 2) cited by (Córdoba, Coto, & Ramírez, 2005)

~ 11 ~

- Attend a seminar

- Be evaluated orally about a topic

- Talk about work or family

- Interviews

- Listen to messages by speakers

- Listen songs

- Listen to news, weather reports or announcements

- See a play or a TV show.

Exercises for listening skill.

Ur (1984, p. 47) cited by (Córdoba, Coto, & Ramírez, 2005) suggests the following

exercises to apply in the English classes.

Listen unanswered

- Listen and follow a written text.

- Hear aided by visual materials

- Listen to stories, songs, movies and TV shows.

Listen with short answers.

- detect errors

- discriminate false or true information

- to draw

- follow maps

- guess

- obey instructions

- sort photos or drawings

- Mark items.

Listen with longer answers.

- answer questions

- complete blanks

- paraphrasing

~ 12 ~

- predict

- repeat a text

- summarize

- Translate.

Motivation in English classes:

Gardner (1985) defined Motivation as: "The extent to which a person struggles to learn

a language by the desire to do so and the satisfaction experienced by so doing." (Zenotz,

2012)

When the student is motivated and is willing to learn, learning will be much easier and

satisfying. “Not only is it necessary to include conscientious listening strategies in our

classes to improve our students' listening comprehension, it is also important to provide

our students with an appropriate environment that helps them in the acquisition”

(Hernández & Vargas, 2013)

Importance of motivation

The English language will be impaired if the student is not motivated internally and

externally , so that the teacher should have the necessary tools to achieve motivation in

your class, create an emotional environment and achieve meaningful learning

These characteristics show us how important motivation is in the learning of a foreign

language. (Díaz, 2011)

Importance of training and updating teachers.

The good teacher is a researcher and constantly prepared to perform a quality work.

This must be committed to his work as educator, must constantly be trained to increase

his skills, innovate his way to teach the class and make use of a methodology related to

new times, to thereby eradicate with traditional education, which limits the student.

Teachers entering some kind of training and update program, you must do because you

desire to excel and provide higher quality class, not out of obligation, because in that

case there will not be a good result. (Importancia de la capacitación y actualización en

los docentes, 2013)

~ 13 ~

Use of ICT in English classes.

Internet has become an essential element in the educational process, through this the

teacher and the student may face challenges found in the day by day. From the web we

can get a lot of exercises, information, techniques, and so on, which will help us to be

more effective teaching-learning process. (Ibañez & Castillo, 2012)

George Siemens (2004), who is the creator of the theory of connectivism ensures that

knowledge is not only found in humans, also it does in other sources such as are

computers, machines and electronic devices, among others; and must maintain a

constant connection with them to facilitate a continuous learning. (Moreno, 2011)

The use of podcast

"The podcast refers to a voice tool used by teachers to help students connect with the

world" (Stanley, 2007a and 2007b) cited by (Chacón & Pérez, 2011)

Audio files are created, which can function as a "radio" and generally be downloaded in

MP3 format, you can also post pictures and comments. The home page can function as

a blog. (Chacón & Pérez, 2011)

Extracurricular activities.

It takes place after classes and these are focused on improving training. These kinds of

activities help reinforce the knowledge of students, improve interpersonal and

intrapersonal relationships and produce meaningful learning.

These activities encourage the students causing them a sense of belonging to the group

or High school, greater autonomy, motivation and responsibility is acquired. (Fernández,

2016)

These allow practice English in a dynamic and motivating environment, according to

(BLOG LANGUAGES, 2013) some ideas to help children learn English.

- Make activities for children in English.

- Make conversation groups.

- Use the computer rooms as language lab.

- Use authentic materials.

~ 14 ~

CONCLUSIONS:

The use of methodological strategies in English classes to develop listening skills,

creates a motivating environment, which is very important according to J. Dewey, to

develop their intellectual capacities,

thus favoring constructivism, and the students see English as something fun and

interesting and not as an obligation.

For this, it is very necessary technology, which has become a fundamental element in

education, for this reason, it is necessary that teachers are trained to use it properly.

Virtual libraries, electronic chats, podcasts and other activities to improve listening. This

creates a great motivation, which is very important to learn a language, according to

Gardner and Lambert's (1972)

Extracurricular activities are also important because they allow students to develop new

forms of expression and communication through the use of resources and fun activities,

such as music, conversation groups in English with teachers, whether they are native

speaker much better, among others. So English is assimilated as one more way to

communicate in everyday life and not just as another subject more

The listening skill is one of the most difficult to perfect, and it is for this reason that the

use of methodological strategies in its teaching is vital.

The creator of the theory of connectivism George Siemens (2004), ensures that

knowledge it is also found in other sources, so materials and teaching resources are very

necessaries for an effective English class.

~ 15 ~

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Chacón , C., & Pérez, C. (2011). EL PODCAST COMO INNOVACIÓN EN LA ENSEÑANZA DEL

INGLÉS COMO LENGUA EXTRANJERA. Obtenido de Redalyc:

http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=36818685005

Cordero, M., & Pizarro, M. (julio - diciembre de 2011). Dialnet. Obtenido de Estrategias de

Enseñanza Innovadoras: un reto para el docente actual:

file:///C:/Users/USER/Downloads/Dialnet-EstrategiasDeEnsenanzaInnovadoras-

5409409.pdf

Córdoba, P., Coto, R., & Ramírez, M. (Junio de 2005). LA COMPRENSIÓN AUDITIVA:

DEFINICIÓN, IMPORTANCIA, CARACTERÍSTICAS, PROCESOS, MATERIALES Y

ACTIVIDADES . Obtenido de Dialnet:

https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=1290567

Díaz, C. (21 de abril de 2011). Motivación en las clases de inglés. Obtenido de Societal:

http://analistassocietales.blogspot.com/2011/04/motivacion-en-las-clases-de-

ingles.html

EL BLOG DE IDIOMAS. (18 de Diciembre de 2013). Aprender inglés en el colegio: ideas de

actividades extraescolares. Obtenido de EL BLOG DE IDIOMAS:

http://www.elblogdeidiomas.com/2013/12/aprender-ingles-colegio-actividades.html

Fernández, J. (Enero de 2016). Análisis de las actividades complementarias y extraescolares y

su valor educativo. Obtenido de http://www.efdeportes.com/efd212/analisis-de-las-

actividades-extraescolares.htm

García, Alviarez, & Torres. (s.f.). Estrategias para el aprendizaje significativo. Obtenido de

http://gerflint.fr/Base/venezuela6/garcia.pdf

Grünewald, A. (2009). La motivación de los alumnos en la clase de lengua extranjera.

Resultados de una investigación empírica en el contexto del uso de las tecnologías de

comunicación e información. Obtenido de Dialnet:

file:///C:/Users/USER/Downloads/Dialnet-

LaMotivacionDeLosAlumnosEnLaClaseDeLenguaExtranjer-3068546.pdf

Hernández, S., & Vargas, M. (2013). Scielo. Obtenido de Encouraging Students to Enhance

Their Listening Performance:

http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1657-

07902013000200013

Ibañez, N., & Castillo, R. (22 de mayo - agosto de 2012). RESIGNIFICADO DEL APRENDIZAJE DEL

IDIOMA INGLÉS BAJO EL INFLUJO DE LAS TECNOLOGÍAS DE LA INFORMACIÓN Y

COMUNICACIÓN. CASO: UNIVERSIDAD DE CARABOBO. Obtenido de Orbis. Revista

Científica Ciencias Humanas: http://www.redalyc.org/pdf/709/70923776003.pdf

Importancia de la capacitación y actualización en los docentes. (27 de Mayo de 2013).

Obtenido de Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/notes/bm-

computaci%C3%B3n/importancia-de-la-capacitaci%C3%B3n-y-actualizaci%C3%B3n-en-

los-docentes/545146402193579/

~ 16 ~

Inostroza, C. (2 de Febrero de 2013). Uso de estrategias metodológicas en el aula y su

importancia. Obtenido de Santo Tomás:

http://www.santotomas.cl/areas/areas/detalleNoticia/educacion/36969/uso-de-

estrategias-metodologicas-en-el-aula-y-su-importancia

Lizano , K., & Umaña, M. (Septiembre de 2006). LA TEORÍA DE LAS INTELIGENCIAS MÚLTIPLES

EN LA PRÁCTICA. Obtenido de file:///C:/Users/USER/Downloads/Dialnet-

LaTeoriaDeLasInteligenciasMultiplesEnLaPracticaDoc-4781009.pdf

Mainieri, A. (1 de Enero de 2015). Redalyc.org. Obtenido de Revista Electrónica "Actualidades

Investigativas en Educación": http://www.redalyc.org/pdf/447/44733027007.pdf

Martínez, Y. (Diciembre de 2012). EFDeportes.com. Obtenido de Orientaciones generales

metodológicas para la aplicación de la estrategia de enseñanza en nado sincronizado,

en edades tempranas: http://www.efdeportes.com/efd175/estrategia-de-ensenanza-

en-nado-sincronizado.htm

Moreno, F. (Febrero de 2011). La multimedia como herramienta para el aprendizaje autónomo

del vocabulario del inglés por parte de los niños. Obtenido de Scielo:

http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?pid=S0123-

46412011000100007&script=sci_arttext

Mota , D., & Valles, R. (enero, marzo de 2015). Acta Scientiarum. Education. Obtenido de Papel

de los conocimientos previos en el aprendizaje de la:

http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=303332696010

River, L. (2013). ¿Cuál es un método eficaz para enseñar inglés? Obtenido de eHow en español:

http://www.ehowenespanol.com/metodo-eficaz-ensenar-ingles-sobre_102772/

Valenzuela, T., & Viloria, N. (Diciembre de 2008). Estrategias metodológicas para la enseñanza

del patrimonio cultural local en el área de educación para el trabajo. Caso: unidad

educativa "juan bautista Dalla Costa" del municipio Boconó del Estado Trujillo.

Obtenido de Scielo: http://www.scielo.org.ve/scielo.php?pid=S1316-

00872008000300012&script=sci_arttext

Zenotz, V. (2012). Motivación en el aprendizaje de lenguas:. Obtenido de http://academica-

e.unavarra.es/xmlui/bitstream/handle/2454/9359/HSJ_Filolog%C3%ADa_12_2012_M

otivaci%C3%B3n.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y