NG DNG PHN MM HI IN T MIN PH SEA CLEAR

NG DNG PHN MM HI IN T MIN PH SEA CLEARCHO I TU BIN VN TI NI A VIT NAMK.S Phm Anh TunKhoa Hng hi-H Giao thng vn ti Tp. HCMEmail: hanghai03b@gmail.comTm tt: Trn cc tu bin ni a Vit Nam hin ti th cha bt buc phi trang b h thng hin th hi in t v thng tin hng hi (ECDIS). Hu ht cc ch tu cng khng t trang b v chi ph ca ECDIS vn cn qu t. Tuy nhin xt v tin ch, hiu qu s dng th cc tu ni a Vit Nam cng nn c trang b h thng hin th hi in t v thng tin hng hi n gin ECS vi gi thnh ph hp m hiu qu cng khng thua km ECDIS. Da trn cc trang b c sn trn tu kt hp vi my tnh c nhn v phn mm hin th hi v thng tin hng hi min ph Seaclear, ta c th xy dng, thit lp mt h thng hin th hi in t v thng thi hng hi n gin (ECS) ph hp vi nhu cu s dng ca cc tu bin ni a Vit Nam.Abstract: In Vietnam, the domestic seagoing vessels is not required to equip the Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS). Almost owners have not equipped with ECDIS by themselves because the cost of ECDIS is still too expensive. However, in terms of usability, efficiency, the Vietnamese domestic seagoing vessel should also be equipped with a simple electronic chart and navigation information display system (ECS) with reasonable price but the effective is not less than ECDIS. Base on the availiable equipment on vessel currently combined with personal computers and free Seaclear software to display electronic chart and normal information, we can build, set up a system displaying the electronic charts and simple navigation information (ECS) in accordance with the needs of the Vietnamese domestic seagoing vessel.T kha: hi in t, thng tin hng hi, h thng hin th hi v thng tin hng hi.GII THIUVi mc ch nng cao an ton, gii phng sc lao ng, nng cao hiu qu kinh t v bo v mi trng trong ngnh Hng Hi, c rt nhiu thit b h tr Hng Hi hin i ra i v pht trin nh Radar, GPS, AIS, v.v.. Ngoi ra, khng th khng k n H thng hi in t (ECS- Electronic Chart System) v Thit b hin th hi in t v thng tin hng hi (ECDIS-Electronic Chart Display and Information System), gi tt l thit b ECDIS.Hin nay vic trang b ECDIS l bt buc i vi mt s loi tu khch, tu Tanker, tu hng bch ha chy tuyn quc t theo nh yu cu t chc hng hi quc t - IMO (quy nh trong chng V ca SOLAS).H thng ECS khng nm trong danh sch bt buc phi trang b. Tuy nhin ECS cng c cc rt nhiu tin ch trong vic h tr Hng hi ging vi ECDIS nn cng c dng rt ph bin trn th gii. p ng y cc yu cu ca IMO a ra th chi ph trang b ECDIS l rt t tin. Trong khi ECS vi cc tnh nng tng t nhng c chi ph r hn rt nhiu.Theo quy nh ca Vit Nam th cc tt c cc loi tu vn ti tuyn ni a cha bt buc phi trang b ECDIS hay ECS. Tuy nhin vi cc c im, tnh nng u vit ca ECDIS v ECS th vic trang b trn cc tu vn ti ni a l ht sc cn thit nhm gip nng cao an ton hng hi, v bo v mi trng.Vic trang b ECDIS trong tng lai s ph thuc vo kh nng ti chnh ca mi ch tu v quy nh ca Quc gia. Tuy nhin ngay t by gi thuyn vin nn c lm quen v s dng cc tin ch m h thng ECDIS mang li m khng nht thit phi lm vic trc tip vi ECDIS m c th thng qua ECS.ECS c th c xy dng da trn cc thit b c sn trn i tu vn ti ni a kt hp vi cc phn mm min ph v my tnh c nhn nn gi thnh rt r.Vi mong mun gip cho i tu vn ti ni a trang b c thit b hin th hi in t v thng tin hng hi n gin, chi ph thp. Thuyn vin Vit Nam c c hi tip xc lm quen vi cc tnh nng ca h thng hi in t. ti ny s nghin cu ng dng phn mm SeaClear kt hp vi cc thit b c sn trn tu xy dng h thng hin th hi in t v thng tin hng hi n gin ECS.1. L THUYT1.1. H thng hin th hi v thng tin hng hi (Electronic Chart Display and Information System-ECDIS)Theo IMO, thit b ECDIS c nh ngha nh sau:H thng hin th v thng tin hi in t (ECDIS) ngha l h thng thng tin hng hi, m c s chun b d phng chu o, c th c chp nhn khi tun theo yu cu cp nht hi theo iu 19 v 27 chng V ca SOLAS. Bng cch hin th la chn cc thng tin t h thng hi in t (SENC) vi thng tin v tr, thng tin hng hi t nhng thit b hng hi h tr cho ngi i bin trong vic lp k hoch hnh trnh, qun l hnh trnh, v hin th cc thng tin hng hi lin quan nu cn thit (ngh quyt A.817 (19) ca IMO).

Hnh 1: S khi ca mt thit b ECDISVi nhng tiu chun kht khe c thng qua th ECDIS tht s l mt h thng thit b h tr rt hiu qu cho Hng Hi t nng cao an ton, gim thi gian lao ng cho thuyn vin, nng cao hiu qu kinh t v bo v mi trng.

Hnh 2. Tin ch ca ECDIS hoc ECSTuy nhin: tha mn tiu chun ca IMO v ECDIS th thit b ca h thng phi c trang b rt nhiu theo tiu chun, cc thit b ngoi vi phi c trang b y (AIS, la bn con quay, v.v.) v c kh nng trao i thng tin cho thit b hin th ca ECDIS. Hi ca h thng cng phi p ng tiu chun ca IMO Tt c cc vn ny s dn ti chi ph trang b h thng s b y ln rt cao. Nhiu ch tu s khng trang b h thng ny v hin ti cc quy nh ca Vit Nam cha bt buc.1.2. H thng hi in t (Electronic Chart System-ECS)ECS l h thng thng tin hng hi hin th bng in t v tr tu v d liu c lin quan hi hng hi v thng tin hi t c s d liu ECS th hin trn mn nh, nhng khng p ng tt c yu cu ca IMO v ECDIS v khng tha mn tt c cc yu cu trong chng V ca SOLAS v trang b hi . N c th s dng hoc vi ENCs, RNCs chnh thc hoc d liu hi khc c sn xut ring bit v c chc nng tng t ECDIS. (ISO 19379)1.3. Hi in t dng cho ECDIS v ECS1.3.1. Hi RasterHi Raster l hnh nh (hnh chp) ca hi giy thng thng vn s dng. Trn hi Raster c cha y cc thng tin theo tiu chun ca hi giy thng thng. Ch khc l hnh nh trn hi Raster c th phng to thu nh nh vo tin ch ca phn mm hin th, cn hi giy th khng.1.3.2. Hi VectorKhc vi hi Raster, hi Vector c xy dng theo phng php thu thp cc thng s ca cc yu t nh ng b, mc tiu b, thng tin su tt c cc d liu tp hp thnh c s d liu s v lu gi theo cc lp d liu. V th khi hin th th cc lp d liu ny c th c chn la cho hin th hoc khng v vy khng gy ri lon nh hi Raster.2. NG DNG CHNG TRNH SEACLEAR CHO I TU NI A VIT NAM2.1. Cu trc h thngV c bn c mt thit b hin th hi v thng tin hng hi (ECDIS) hoc h thng hi in t (ECS) chng ta phi c 3 yu t(1) Thit b hin th(2) Chng trnh hin th (giao din ngi dng)(3) Thng tin/d liu hin th (hi , thng tin, d liu hng hi)2.2. Thit b hin thNgy nay vi vic ph bin ca cc thit b my tnh c nhn (Laptop), my tnh bn (Desktop) th hu ht trn cc tu u c trang b sn cc my tnh hoc cc thuyn vin trn tu cng t trang b cho mnh nhm phc v mc nh gii tr v h tr cng vic. Bn cnh chi ph trang b my tnh ngy nay gim rt mnh nn vic trang b mi cng khng mt nhiu chi ph. Trn my tnh c trang b sn cc cng kt ni, vic ny cho php nhn cc d liu hng hi lin quan t cc thit b ngoi vi hin th ra mn hnh my tnh. 2.3. Chng trnh hin th2.3.1. Gii thiu chungHin ti c rt nhiu phn mm/ chng trnh hin th hi in t v thng tin hng hi c xy dng v cung cp min ph vi chnh xc c xc nhn thc t. C th k ra mt s chng trnh nh sau:- Global Navigation Software Co- Maptech Raster Chart Software- The CAPN Raster Chart Software- GPSNavX- Fugawi Marine ENC Software- Caris Easy View- SeaClear- PolarView- Memory Map- Bluewater Racing- ScanNav- OpenCPN- EarthNC Online Viewer- Tiki Navigator- 2.3.2. Phn mm Seaclear* Gii thiu chung v SeaClear:- Searclear l phn mm min ph. Ngi dng c th download ti website: http://www.sping.com/seaclear/- SeaClear l mt phn mm dng hin th hi hoc bn trn my tnh c nhn, phn mm ny tng thch vi cc h iu hnh Windows 2000, XP, Vista, Win 7, Windows NT, Window 98, Window ME. SeaClear cng hin th cc thng tin hng hi khc nh v tr hin ti ca tu, tc tu, hng v mt s thng tin hng hi khc nu my tnh ca ngi dng c kt ni vi thit b xc nh v tr (GPS). Hi c b tr ph hp vi s hin th v c th t ng chuyn i hi nu cn thit. Vt di chuyn ca tu c th c lu thnh file c th xem li sau ny ngoi ra chng trnh c th cho php lu li cc s kin t ng hoc chn la. Seaclear cho php ngi dng thit lp tuyn hnh trnh, thit lp im chuyn hng h tr cho vic hng hi vi s lng khng gii hn. SeaClear c thit k mi mc ch dng cho hng hi.* c im chnh ca SeaClear v cc yu cu v thit b ngoi vi.- SeaClear c th chy trn hu ht cc my tnh c nhn s dng h iu hnh Windows t 95 tr v sau, khng c bn chy trn h iu hnh Linux.- GPS: SeaClear kt ni c vi GPS th thit b GPS phi c kh nng xut tn hiu cho thit b bn ngoi vi chun tn hiu NMEA 0183 phin bn 1.5 hoc cao hn. Thc t th hu ht cc i my GPS m c kh nng xut tn hiu cho my tnh c nhn th u tng thch.- AIS: SeaClear kt ni c vi AIS th my thu AIS phi c kh nng xut tn hiu cho thit b bn ngoi vi chun tn hiu NMEA 0183 phin bn 1.5 hoc cao hn. Khi c kt ni vi AIS th thng tin v tu mc tiu s c hin th trc tip trn mn hnh hi .- Hi : SeaClear hin th cc loi hi raster chun BSB/ KAP v GEO/ NOS c xy dng v bn rng ri. Tuy nhin ngi dng c th t xy dng hi cho chng trnh bng cch scan, chp hnh cc bn c sn sau chnh sa nh dng cho ph hp vi chng trnh.- Vt di chuyn ca tu: Vt di chuyn ca tu c th c lu li v s dng li cho ln khc hoc gi v cng ty- Nht k: Chc nng ny c th t ng, hoc thc hin bng tay lu li cc thng tin lin quan n vic hng hi.- Nhp/Xut d liu: SceaClear c th nhn cc d liu lin quan n tuyn hnh trnh, im chuyn hng v vt di chuyn ca tu v ng thi c th xut cc d liu trn cho cc thit b ngoi vi vi chun tn hiu NMEA.- Ngn ng hin th: Ngn ng chnh l ting Anh, tuy nhin ngi dng c th chuyn i sang ngn ng khc ty theo nhu cu s dng.2.4. Thng tin/d liu hin th2.4.1. Xy dng Hi in t Raster cho SeaclearSeaclear c tch hp sn mt chng trnh cho php ngi dng t xy dng cc hi phc v cho tuyn hnh trnh. l MapCal c tch hp sn trong gi ci t ca Seaclear. Da vo Mapcal ngi dng c th xy dng cc hi Raster t cc file scan ca cc hi giy c sn. Tin ch ny cho php ngi dng chn la hnh nh ca hi , iu chnh cc v tr tiu chun, khai bo h trc a v sau l chuyn i sang nh dng file tiu chun hi Raster m Seaclear s hin th sau ny.

Hnh 3. Giao din lm vic ca Mapcal2.4.2. Cc thng tin hng hi2.4.2.1. Thc t trang b trn tu bin tuyn ni aTrch dn yu cu ca B Giao Thng Vn Ti v yu cu trang b cc thit b h tr Hng hi trn tu nh sau:QUYT NH CA B TRNG B GIAO THNG VN TIBan hnh Quy nh v trang thit b an ton hng hi v phng nga nhim mi trng bin lp t trn tu bin Vit Nam hot ng tuyn ni aQUY NHV trang thit b an ton hng hi v phng nga nhimmi trng bin lp t trn tu bin Vit Nam hot ng tuyn ni a(Ban hnh km theo Quyt nh s 59/2005/Q-BGTVT ngy 21/11/2005ca B trng B Giao thng vn ti)Chng IVTHIT B V TUYN IN V THIT B HNG HIiu 19. nh mc trang b1. Thit b v tuyn inTu phi c trang b v tuyn in (VT) theo quy nh sau y:S TTTn thit bS lngGhi ch

1My thu pht MF/HF1Khng p dng cho tu ch hot ng t phao s "0" tr vo hoc khu vc cng

2Thit b VHF DSC1

3My thu NAVTEX1p dng cho tu hng t 500 GT tr ln v tu khch t 300 GT tr ln

4S.EPIRB1p dng cho tu c t 300 GT tr ln

5Phn x ra a1p dng cho tu t 500 GT tr ln v tu khch c t 300 GT tr ln

6ng h hng hi1

7VHF hai chiu(Two-way VHF)2p dng cho tu t 500 GT tr ln v tu khch c t 300 GT tr ln hot ng vng bin hn ch II v hn ch I

8H thng truyn thanh cng cng*1p dng cho tu khch c s khch trn 50 ngi

Ghi ch:(*) H thng phi gm trung tm iu khin t ti bung li v cc loa t ti bung khch, m bo c th truyn t thng tin t ban ch huy tu n hnh khch.

2. Thit b hng hiTu phi c trang b thit b hng hi theo quy nh sau y:S TTTn thit bS lngGhi ch

1La bn t chun1Khng yu cu nu c la bn t li

2La bn t li1Khng yu cu nu c la bn t chun

3Ra a1p dng cho tu t 300 GT tr ln

4My o su siu m1p dng cho tu hng t 500 GT tr ln v tu khch c t 300 GT tr ln

5Thit b o su bng tay1

6n tn hiu ban ngy1p dng cho tu t 300 GT tr ln

7GPS1p dng cho tu hng t 150 GT tr ln v tu khch

8ng h bm giy1

9Thit b o nghing1

10ng nhm1

2.4.2.2. Tn hiu v tr GPS tu taTheo quy nh ca b GTVT th hu ht tt c mi tu vn ti ni a u phi trang b GPS hng hi. Ngy nay hu ht cc thit b GPS trong hng hi c kh nng xut cc tn hiu v v tr, hng i ca tu cho cc thit b ngoi vi theo chun tn hiu NMEA. My tnh c nhn c th kt ni nhn tn hiu v v tr, hng i, tc quay tr ca tu Phm mm Seaclear cho php tip nhn v hin th cc thng tin ny trn nn cc hi Raster m ngi dng xy dng.Nh vy vic kt ni GPS vi my tnh v s dng phn mm hin th hi in t kt hp vi cc hi Raster do ngi dng xy dng cho php chng ta c mt h thng ECS n gin vi thng tin c bn l v tr, hng di truyn ca tu ta trn hi .

Hnh 4. Seaclear hin th Hi Raster v v tr tu ta2.4.2.3. Tn hiu AIS v thng tin tu mc tiuTheo quy nh ca b GTVT th AIS cha bt buc phi trang b trn cc tu vn ti ni a. Tuy nhin trn thc t th c rt nhiu tu t trang b h thng ny v cc tin ch m h thng mang li.Hin ti th rt nhiu lnh vc lin quan ti hng hi v ang trang b cc thit b ca h thng AIS c th k n vic ng dng AIS ca bn Bo m An Ton Hng Hi vo h thng phao dn lung, h thng VTS, cc n v cung cp dch v quan st v tr tu. Tt c cc vic u hng n mc ch l nng cao an ton, hiu qu kinh t v bo v mi trng trong hng hi. tn dng cc tin ch m AIS mang li cho i tu ni a th chng ta khng cn thit phi trang b mt thit b AIS c y chc nng trn tu. Thay vo chng ta ch cn lp t mt thit b thu tn hiu AIS (AIS receiver). Thit b ny rt nh gn, kt hp c vi h thng VHF trn tu, c kh nng thu v xut cc tn hiu AIS cho my tnh c nhn. Thm vo gi thnh cng khng cao (di 5 triu ng).Hnh 5. B thu tn hiu AISNh vy kt hp gia AIS Receiver, GPS trn tu, my tnh c nhn, phn mm Seaclear v hi Raster do ngi dng t xy dng ta s c mt h thng ECS vi cc thng tin c bn v v tr tu ta v thng tin AIS ca cc tu mc tiu nh hnh 6 di y.

Hnh 6. Seaclear kt hp vi AIS receiver v GPS3. KT QU TH NGHIM3.1. Kim tra chnh xc v v tr ca hi Raster so vi hi giyPhng php: sau c c mt hi Raster bng phng php scan ta cho Seaclear hin th hi Raster ln. Tip theo ta s tin hnh vic ly v tr ngu nhin trn hi giy thc t v so snh vi v tr trn phn mm Seaclear.Kt qu: chnh xc gn nh 99 % so vi hi giy.Khi chnh xc khng t ta c th thc hin li vic Scan, dng Mapcal iu chnh cho ti khi no t yu cu c th v chnh xc.3.2. Kim tra chnh xc trong tuyn hnh trnhS c thc hin trong mt tuyn hnh trnh c th pht hin cc sai st, nh gi tnh n nh ca h thng.4. KT LUN V KIN NGH4.1. Kt lunVi vic kt hp cc thit b c sn v chi ph ti thiu chng ta c th to ra c mt thit b ECS n gin nhm mc ch h tr hng hi, gim st vic hng hi an ton ca thuyn vin trong ca trc. (mn hnh hin th c th t bung Thuyn trng, S quan khc hoc cc khu vc cng cng trn tu). D liu v tuyn hnh trnh thc hin cng c th gi v cty kim tra4.2. Kin ngh trin khai vic thc hin vn ny th phi c qu trnh kim tra, nh gi mc tin cy, chnh xc ca thit b. V th trc khi trin khai thc t chng ta phi tin hnh th nghim trn cc tu c th, iu chnh chnh xc ca hi , nh gi mc tin cy ca thit b.Sau khi trin khai thc t trn tu, th nn thit lp mt trung tm/ trm tu chnh hi trn b sau gi thng tin update hi cho cc tu s dng tin ch 3G c ph sng rng khp cc khu vc bin ca Vit Nam. Vic ny va tit kim chi ph va nng cao chnh xc, gim thi gian lao ng ca thuyn vin.V lu di, an ton hng hi c tip tc nng cao th Vit Nam nn bt buc tt c cc tu hng chy tuyn ni a c dung tch t 300GT tr nn phi trang b AIS tng t nh quy nh ca IMO i vi cc tu hng chy tuyn quc t..Ti liu tham kho- Seaclear II manual- Quyt nh s 59/2005/Q-BGTVT ngy 21/11/2005 ca B trng B GTVT.- IMO RESOLUTION A.817 (19) PERFORMANCE STANDARDS FOR ELECTRONIC CHART DISPLAY AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS (ECDIS)- SOLAS chapter V.