understanding high-risk high-need risk...cws risk assessment practice has shown unique child and...
TRANSCRIPT
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in Family Drug Courts
Doug Marlowe, JD, PhD & Nancy K. Young, PhD
Understanding
Facilitated by
Theresa Lemus
High-Risk High-Need
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Who should
Family Drug
Courts be
serving?
How should they
be identified
and assessed?Today’s Conversation
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in Family Drug Courts
High-Risk High-Need
Needed?
Why is the
DiscussionQ
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Provide offenders who are non-violent and have a
substance use disorder with a mandatory regimen
of substance use treatment in lieu of prosecution
or incarceration
Judge monitors compliance through frequent court
appearances and imposes a range of consequences
contingent on performance
Criminal Drug Court Model
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Child Welfare Services assess child risk and
safety and needs of child and family
Treatment assess parent’s need for
treatment – level of care, areas of life
functioning, recovery supports
Court provides oversight, ensures timeliness,
child well-being and access to services
Family Drug Court Model
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defined in the
High-Risk High-Need
Criminal
Justice System
How areQ
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High-Risk High-Need
Greater likelihood of
recidivism and poorer
prognosis of success in a
standard supervision or
treatment program
Clinical disorders or
functional impairments that
are dynamic and changeable,
and if treated decrease
likelihood of future
involvement in crimeWho to target
What to target
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Prevalent Risk Factors
• Current age < 25 years
• Delinquency onset < 16 years
• Substance abuse onset < 14 years
• Prior convictions
• Prior rehabilitation failures
• History of violence
• Antisocial personality disorder or psychopathy
• Familial history of crime or addiction
• Criminal or substance abuse associations 8
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Prevalent Criminogenic Needs
• Substance dependence (addiction)
• Major Axis I psychiatric disorder + substance use
• Executive disinhibition
• Lack of basic employment skills (≠ unemployed)
• Lack of daily living skills (≠ unstable living arrangements)
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defined in the
High-Risk High-Need
Child Welfare
System?
How areQ
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Risk NeedSafety
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Safety
Current conditions within the family or the home which pose an immediate threat of danger to the child and the protective capacities within the home are insufficient to manage the threats of danger
Is placement or removal out-of-home necessary?
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Assessing Safety
Safety-decision making confronts the questions of:• Whether or not children can remain safely in their own
home (threat to child) • How any threats will be managed so that safety is reasonably
assured (caretaker protective factors)
For families affected by parental substance use:• Identify correctly the drug-related safety threats and to
evaluate the capacity of parents to protect children• CWS to formulate actions that manage identified threats in
least intrusive way.
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RiskSafety
The likelihood that maltreatment will occur or reoccur in the future
Source: National Resource Center for Child Protective Services
Is placement or removal out-of-home necessary?
Is CWS supervision necessary?
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• Severe substance use disorder
• Co-occurring mental health concerns
• Age
• Family history of substance use disorder
Risk Factors – CWS vs. CriminalCommon Factors
Factors unique to CWS
• Child characteristics
• Family characteristics
Risk is risk
Parent - child
relationship
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Risk NeedSafety
Service priorities and/or parental deficits in their ability to appropriately and/or adequately care for their children, improve family functioning and safety
Source: North Carolina Family Assessment Scale (NCFAS)
Is CWS supervision necessary?
Is placement or removal out-of-home necessary?
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Services to Support Safe Parenting
and Family Recovery
Parent• Parenting skills and competences• Family connections and resources• Parental mental health; co-occurring• Medication management• Parental substance use• Domestic violence
Child• Well-being/behavior• Developmental/health• School readiness• Trauma• Mental health• Adolescent substance abuse • At-risk youth prevention
Family• Basic necessities• Employment• Housing• Childcare• Transportation• Family counseling
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Failure in treatment without increased supervision?
Tools for FDCs?
Risk
SafetyNeed
Is removal necessary?
Is CWS supervision necessary?
Level of treatment based on diagnosed
severity
Missing?
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Target Population
Who Should
Drug Courts
Be Serving?
Q
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Target population – Drug Courts
Drug Courts should focus
resources on people most
likely to reoffend and with the
highest criminogenic needs
High Risk High Need
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• Drug Courts that focus their efforts on high-risk and high-need offenders reduce crime approximately twice as much as those serving less serious offenders and return approximately 50% greater cost savings to their communities
• Predictor variables ≠ moderator variables
Drug Court Target Population
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The higher the risk, the more intensive the supervision and contingencies — and vice versa
The higher the need, the more intensive the treatment and rehabilitation — and vice versa
The higher the risk to the child in in-home cases and the higher the parents’ need for treatment in out-of-home cases, the more intensive the supervision of parents’ status and compliance is needed —Six-month review hearings are not sufficient
Responsivity
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Target population - FDCs CWS risk assessment practice
has shown unique child and
family risk factors. Risk
assessment has also shown
that continuum of substance
use is not parallel to in-home
or out-of-home placement.
Consequently, high-risk high-
need could include in-home
cases.
High Risk High Need
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No intervention In-Home Removal
No Use
Mild
Moderate
SevereSafety Protective Factors
High Need
Low Risk
Low NeedLow Risk
Low Need
Low Risk
High Need
80-85% of children in substantiated abuse or
neglect cases stay home or return home
High Risk
High Need
Target Population
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• How can FDCs serve a larger portion of the risk and need continuum in CWS population?
• What are your strategic decisions in expanding the scale of your FDC?
FDC Policy and Practice Considerations:
Target Population
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Implications for
Assessment
How should
participants be
identified?
QPutting it Together
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Assessment is Critical
• Most of our strongly held beliefs, assumptions and heuristics are flat-out, unabashedly, completely and totally wrong!
• Structured assessments are superior to professional judgment
• Assess the person, not only the case
• Assess prior to entry of conditions
• Locally validated tools; limited and well-justified overrides
• Trained and competent assessors (GIGO)
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Structured assessments are always far superior to professional judgment
61% — the percentage of confirmed drug or alcohol dependence among substantiated abuse or neglect cases missed by front-line CWS social workers (Gibbons, Barth, Martin, 2005)
Structured Assessments are critical
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NO USE
Experimental Use
USE/MISUSE MILD MODERATE SEVERE
Diagnosing Substance Use Disorders
DSM V
2-3 4-5 6+
DSM V Criteria (11 total)
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Some drug courts postpone clinical assessments until the participants have been admitted into the program. Clients may be at risk of being placed in the wrong treatment intervention.
Under the Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997, parents have limited time to comply with reunification requirements and demonstrate recovery and safe parenting. There is no time to lose.
Assessments should be prompt and timely
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• How is your FDC utilizing AOD providers to work with CWS staff to facilitate screening and assessment (i.e. co-location)?
• How is your FDC supplementing its child abuse and neglect risk assessments of substance use and impact on family?
• How is your FDC ensuring that staff members conducting clinical assessments are properly trained in the administration of an assessment interview and well-versed in DSM-V criteria?
FDC Practice Considerations:
Structured Assessments
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FDCs have the opportunity and responsibility to draw upon the strengths of structured assessment and services of CWS and AOD systems to better serve families affected by parental substance use.
The Importance of Collaboration
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Q&ADiscussion
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COMPLETE YOUR EVALUATION
Complete online by August 21st!
Session CG-1
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COMPLETE YOUR EVALUATION
Complete online by August 21st!
Session CG-17
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Contact Information
Nancy K. Young, PhDExecutive DirectorChildren and Family [email protected]
Doug Marlowe, JD, PhDChief of Science, Law and PolicyNational Association of Drug Court [email protected]