understanding chalcogenides · 2015. 3. 23. · chemistry 25 years of chalcogenides glass melting...
TRANSCRIPT
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Understanding Chalcogenides
Dan Hewak Optoelectronics Research Centre
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What is a Chalcogenide?
From Greek sulphur-loving for elements that frequently bond to sulphur
1990’s
2000
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Outline
• Why more chalcogenide research? • Twenty five years of glass melting at Southampton
• They aren’t very stable are they?
• Current capabilities
• What’s next?
Chemistry
BiTe Thermoelectric Device Jin Yao, Southampton
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Why more chalcogenide research?
“… In photonics, you never have the
material you want!”
Professor Sir David Payne ORC Director
“…there are eight technologies I challenge the Britain to lead the world in [these include]
Advanced Materials”
The Rt Hon George Osborne MP
Chemistry
“… Big Science Projects need long lead times…
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Transparent in the infrared, far beyond transmission of traditional glass
Highly photosensitive, wide and varying response to light stimuli
Easily doped with rare earth elements, transition metals, Nobel metals
Glass is semiconducting, conducts electricity, even metallic in nature
Contender for beyond CMOS electronics, established memory material
Why more Research? Our Partners Say…
Manufacturing challenges remain, eg. glass purity, fibre drawing
Need for improved compositions, eg. thermal, mechanical, corrosion
No UK suppliers, no opportunity for material development
There are Research Opportunities!
Chalcogenides: Why are they Interesting?
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Chemistry
25 Years of Chalcogenides Glass Melting
1990’s – Glass melting / understanding stability
July 1991 - First ever chalcogenide melt (Ga:La:S)
Nov 1993 - Abandon sealed ampoule melting
April 1994 – Allan Bruce, Ga:La:S impossible to draw fibre
Nov 1995 – ORC Draws first Ga:La:S fibre
Hewak, D.W., Moore, R.C., Schweizer, T., Wang, J., Samson, B.N., Brocklesby, W.S., Payne, D.N. and Tarbox, E.J.(1996) Gallium lanthanum sulphide optical fibre for active and passive applications. In, 10th International Symposium on Non-Oxide Glasses, Corning, US, 19 - 22 Jun 1996.
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22 June 2004
Polished Ga:La:S placed in 250 ml deionized water, container sealed
11 February 2015
Sample removed and characterized
They aren’t very stable are they?
See Poster Chalcogenide Glass Corrosion Studies Emma Ansell
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Glass Optimization
10:90 50:50 90:10
(The Hard Way!)
High Throughput Material Discovery Brian Hayden Jaffar Saleh Subaie
Glass Optimization (The Efficient Way!)
Paul Bastock, Chris Craig
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Transmission Loss ORC Historic Results (1995 – 2005)
~1.5 dB/m
~8 dB/m
Best reproducible fibre attenuation plot for Ga:La:S fibre
Practical fibre still not readily available!
Commercially or in the Research Lab
Marco Petrovich
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Chemistry
25 Years of Chalcogenides Glass Melting 2000’s – Beyond optical fibre, expanding applications
25 Years of Chalcogenides Glass Melting
Kevin Huang
Greg Elliott
Ga:La:S thin film between gold electrodes
Glass Substrate Rob Simpson
Kevin MacDonald
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Glovebox
Furnace Enclosure
2010 onwards Improved Glass Melt Facility
Ed Weatherby/Khouler Khan/Chris Craig
Gas Filtration, Purification and NI Control
Gas Inlet
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Argon line – Conversion Rig
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H2S line Nitrogen Purge
Daily Monitoring of Gas Purity
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Sample: LD1592
Sample: LD1625
Current Glass Purity
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oxide impurities
Further into the Infrared
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CVD… an enabling technology
• Graphene deposition now routine
• Process optimization underway
• Solar, thermoelectric devices
• 2D materials gathering momentum
Next Generation Devices
APCVD grown MoS2
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CVD grown SnS2 on Si substrate
Introducing Stanene
See Poster, Kevin Huang, Nikos Aspiotis, Ghada Alzaidy
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Chemistry
25 Years of Chalcogenides Glass Melting 1990’s – Glass melting Understanding stability
2000’s – Beyond optical fibre, expanding applications
25 Years of Chalcogenides Glass Melting
2010’s – Collaborations
Behrad Gholipour
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Our Aims re:
• To discover new and optimize existing compositions within this glass family
• To expand existing & develop new links to UK industry & help them exploit chalcogenide materials
• With our partners, to develop device demonstrators in key application areas
• To partner with UK academia nationwide, beyond the partners within this collaboration to explore emerging applications of chalcogenides
• Let’s Talk!
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… Big Science Projects need long lead times
ChAMP – Chalcogenide Advanced Manufacturing
Partnership Conference (2015 - 2020)
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Current Industrial Partners
Aim: To lead the world in chalcogenide glass manufacture and provide a solid capability to allow UK industry to exploit these highly functional materials
Your Name Here
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With thanks to:
Kevin Huang
Khouler Khan
Nikos Aspiotis
Ghadah Alzaidy
Feras Al-Saad
Jonathan Maddock
Vincent Leonard
Kenton Knight
Emma Ansell
Cui Long
Stanley T.C. Ho
Chris Dean
Chemistry Behrad Gholipour
Dom Brady
Greg Elliott
Idris Kabalici
Mark Hughes
Marco Petrovich
Arshad Mairaj
Rob Simpson
Tom Catherall
Thorsten Schweizer
Li Shufeng
Jin Yao