UNAVCO Facility Annual Report February 2014

UNAVCO Community and Facility Bridge Proposal: Geodesy Revealing the Earth in Action

NSF Cooperative Agreement EAR-1255679

Also includes the progress report for UNAVCO Facility Support to NASA

Submitted to:

Russell Kelz National Science Foundation, Instruments and Facilities Program

And

John Labrecque

NASA Headquarters

Submitted by:

Charles Meertens Meghan Miller

UNAVCO

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Annual Report for 2013 EAR-1255679: UNAVCO Community and Facility Bridge Proposal: Geodesy Revealing the Earth in Action

1.0 Executive Summary This is the 2013 Annual report for the UNAVCO Cooperative Agreement (CA) “2013 UNAVCO Community and Facility Bridge Proposal: Geodesy Revealing the Earth in Action (EAR-1255679) that began 1 March 2013. As the title implies, this “Bridge” award transitions UNAVCO from the prior five year Cooperative Agreement “Support of UNAVCO Community and Facility Activities: Geodesy Advancing Earth Science Research (EAR-0735156)” to the new 5-year GAGE Cooperative Agreement “2013-2018 UNAVCO Community Proposal Geodesy Advancing Geosciences and EarthScope: The GAGE Facility” (EAR-1261833). The Bridge period overlaps both these other CAs. For continuity in documenting performance, we report here activities from October 2012 – September 2013 and refer to the GAGE Y1Q1 report for subsequent metrics. UNAVCO programs, through these Cooperative Agreements (CAs), provide engineering, equipment and data services that support research projects for investigators using GPS, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS), InSAR, and other high precision geodetic techniques to conduct scientific investigations that include the study of earthquake processes, mantle properties, active magmatic systems, plate boundary zone deformation, intraplate deformation and glacial isostatic adjustment, global geodesy and plate tectonics, atmospheric science, global change, and polar processes. These projects are NSF-EAR, NSF-PLR Arctic and Antarctic, and NASA-funded and include individual Principal Investigator (PI) projects, large collaborative projects such as AfricaArray, GNET, COCONet, TlalocNet, and POLENET, and the larger multi-disciplinary, multi-agency EarthScope project and its networks of GPS sites, strainmeters, tiltmeters, seismometers, meterological sensors, imaging and campaign GPS components. During the Bridge period, the organizational structure of UNAVCO fully transitioned from the separately managed (and funded) Facility and the Plate Boundary Observatory programs to the new structure of the GAGE Facility that is functionally rather than programmatically organized. The two new programs are Geodetic Infrastructure (GI) and Geodetic Data Systems (GDS). The GI focuses on engineering, instrumentation, network operations, and field support while GDS focuses on data operations, management, access, archiving and cyberinfrastructure. This reorganization has promoted improved and more efficient services; encouraged integration of data and engineering technologies and resources; and facilitated transition to the new GAGE CA. The focus of work under these cooperative agreements continues to be heavily international in scope including support for individual investigators and larger community projects such as COCONet, which encompasses 17 countries around the Caribbean and new TlalocNet NSF MRI project in Mexico. There is a strong desire and need by international collaborators to expand capacity for data analysis and data management and archiving. The ongoing COOPEUS project to build a framework for a sustainable, transatlantic cooperation in the field of environmental research infrastructures also made progress as UNAVCO worked with a number of institutions in

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Europe to install a Geodetic Seamless Archive Centers (GSAC) Repository implementation. Other COOPEUS-facilitated GSAC implementations are in the planning stages including a Federated Repository working with the European Plate Observing System (EPOS). UNAVCO’s role is to help facilitate consistent data access through common web services. This will promote data awareness and sharing, while contributing to improved data integration as envisioned by EarthCube and GEO Supersites and other eScience/eInfrastructure initiatives. UNAVCO staff members are also part of the governance and working groups of the International GNSS System, and participate in the European Geophysical Union, WEGENER, and the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) workshops. Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) activities continue to drive growth in PI support and data management developments. While TLS field support is now integrated into core activities there remain challenges including how to better process, archive, improve, and develop TLS data and products. Following recommendations of the 2011 TLS community workshop and the Facility Advisory Committee, UNAVCO submitted a proposal for new TLS equipment to be funded by EAR and PLR. This proposal was successfully reviewed and an award for two instruments was received. The first new instrument, a Riegl VZ-1000, medium range scanner was commissioned and put into service in 2013. The second will be purchased following additional evaluation by staff and the newly formed GAGE Terrestrial Imaging Geodesy Working Group – TIGWiG. This report also documents the activities of the Education and Community Engagement (ECE) program (formerly Education and Outreach) at UNAVCO. ECE staff supported several well-received technical short courses and teacher workshops. The ECE team continues to achieve substantial improvements in the number, quality and diversity of applicants to its NSF-funded RESESS program, attracting an active and talented group of interns into the 2013 program. The ECE team also leads and participates in UNAVCO website upgrades, works with UNAVCO staff to develop Science and Program Highlights, and collaborates with external partners to develop interactive displays for exploring Earth science content. This annual report presents the highlights and performance metrics including core support as well as summaries of a few of the major projects managed or supported by UNAVCO under the current Cooperative Agreements. UNAVCO-supported activities for engineering, equipment, and data services have again met or exceeded expectation in all major categories to date for the year. This report provides key quantitative performance metrics following the Facility Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) that organizes and defines the work to be accomplished for core and project tasks. A high-level performance summary is given below in Table 1 with comparison to past levels. The WBS metrics further detail the assessment of our performance toward meeting UNAVCO’s strategic goals. The activities summarized for 2013 cover the period of October 2012 – September 2013.

UNAVCO Community Summary 1.1 Community Highlight The UNAVCO Community continues to grow as the UNAVCO science disciplines broaden and the technologies used to conduct science grow. There are currently 197 Member Institutions (106 Full Member Institutions and 91 Associate Member Institutions) from around the globe. Science

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workshops provide important opportunities for focused community scientific, educational, and technological exchange of ideas and for community building. The NSF Instrumentation & Facilities Program of the Division of Earth Sciences (EAR/IF) supports eighteen (18) national, multi-user facilities on behalf of the earth sciences research and education community including UNAVCO. Although ranging widely in the scope and cost of their individual operations, all of the facilities share a common attribute. They provide to their respective basic research and education communities on a national or regional scale certain complex and expensive technical and logistical capabilities that would otherwise be impractical to make available to individual or small groups of investigators. NSF’s “EAR to the Ground” is continuing to highlight some of these facilities and in an upcoming issue will highlight UNAVCO’s terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) project support. The following section comes from the submitted highlight. We note that TLS will be an ongoing activity through the next year for the extension of Bridge award through to 2015. UNAVCO, a non-profit university-governed consortium, facilitates geoscience research and education using geodesy. The GAGE (Geodesy Advancing Geosciences and EarthScope) Facility is the primary operational activity of UNAVCO and exists to support university and other research investigators in their use of geophysical sensor technology for Earth sciences research. The GAGE Facility performs this task by providing state-of-the-art geodetic instrumentation, ancillary equipment, and field engineering support for projects; installing, operating and maintaining continuous GNSS/GPS networks globally; undertaking new technology development and evaluation of commercially available products for research applications; and by archiving geophysical sensor data and data products for future applications. UNAVCO-supported projects span a breadth of Earth Science (in both the Deep and Solid Earth Processes Sections of EAR), Polar Programs (PLR), as well as interdisciplinary applications that include Atmospheric and Geospace Sciences (AGS). Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) is a new, versatile geodetic imaging technology in the Earth sciences. TLS, also known as ground-based LiDAR (light detection and ranging), offers unprecedented sub-centimeter-resolution of topographic and other surfaces, including 3-dimensional imagery of topography, rock or ice outcrops, caves, trees and vegetation, and cultural objects. TLS instruments are extremely precise, reasonably portable, relatively easy to operate, and have been used successfully in a variety of environments to support a wide range of geoscience investigations including detailed mapping of fault scarps, geologic outcrops, fault-surface roughness, frost polygons, volcanoes, lava lakes, dikes, fissures, glaciers, columnar joints, hillslopes, and drainage morphology. Moreover, repeat TLS surveys allow the imaging and measurement of surface changes through time, arising, for example, from fluvial erosion or landslides, volcanic deformation, ice flow, beach morphology transitions, and post-seismic fault slip. TLS is applicable to problems with length scales from the 10s of meters to kilometers. Concurrent GPS measurements are used to georeference the TLS data in absolute 3D coordinates. Coincident high-resolution digital photography allows for the generation of photorealistic 3D images. The Earth sciences have embraced the application of TLS in many facets of research and education. UNAVCO provides a pool of TLS instrumentation and trained staff to make TLS

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technology more easily accessible to the Earth science community. UNAVCO is also a nexus for community activities such as workshops, short courses, and education and outreach efforts on multiple scales. Since 2008, UNAVCO has supported more than 150 TLS field projects, community training courses, and education and outreach activities. UNAVCO GAGE TLS Support Resources The UNAVCO TLS instrument pool consists of five scanners: one Leica ScanStation C10, two Riegl VZ400s, one Riegl LMS-Z620, and a Riegl VZ1000. Another Riegl VZ400 is shared on a half-time basis with Central Washington University. This pool of TLS instruments provides a suite of capabilities in terms of instrument range (10cm to 2km), size and portability, scan speed, field of view, and multi-return and full waveform data capture. This diversity of instruments allows UNAVCO to support a wide range of solid earth and cryospheric science applications (e.g. Figure 1). In addition to instrumentation, UNAVCO provides trained field engineering staff to support TLS data collection in the field, data processing, management, and archiving. The standard UNAVCO deliverable is a merged, aligned, georeferenced point cloud, which is accompanied by pertinent metadata products such as site photos, meteorological information, field notes and other ancillary project information. An online TLS data archive is under development, and all data will be freely available to the public consistent with UNAVCO’s open data policy. UNAVCO GAGE TLS Education and Outreach. In order to address the Earth science community’s interest in TLS technology and applications, UNAVCO organizes several short courses per year. For example, six consecutive “Introduction to TLS” short courses taught by UNAVCO staff at the Geological Society of America annual meeting have been sold out. UNAVCO has also pioneered the use of TLS at geologic field camps (Figure 2). Over the past several years, UNAVCO has developed a growing program that involves bringing TLS systems to geology field camps throughout the West. In 2013, UNAVCO supported four geology camps and one graduate seminar class with TLS instrumentation, giving nearly 100 students the opportunity to design a TLS survey, operate the instruments, process data, and make geologic analyses using the high-resolution 3D datasets. The TLS and education program has been quite successful, growing annually, and nicely compliments more traditional methods taught during field courses.

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Figure 1. UNAVCO Field Engineer Marianne Okal performing a terrestrial laser scan of a thermokarst outcrop in the Garwood Valley, a coastal valley in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. Overlain on the photograph is the TLS scan data colored by return intensity. Cool colors are low return intensity due to melting ice exposed in the outcrop. Publication: Levy, J.S. et al. Accelerated thermokarst formation in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. Sci. Rep. 3, 2269; DOI:10.1038/srep02269 (2013)

Figure 2. Students at Indiana University’s “G429 Field Geology In The Rocky Mountains” summer field course in southwestern Montana operate a UNAVCO Riegl VZ400 TLS system during a week-long geophysics elective (G429g) focused on applications of TLS. Indiana faculty Dr. Bruce Douglas (right) partners with UNAVCO staff to run the TLS portion of the course. (Photograph: C. Crosby, UNAVCO) 1.2 UNAVCO Facility Activities Overview UNAVCO, with Bridge funding, conducted two primary activities: providing engineering and instrumentation services and providing data services. The Geodetic Infrastructure Program, GI, provides project management, planning, installation, operations and maintenance of continuous GPS networks around the globe. GI also provides state-of-the-art equipment for campaigns and semi-permanent surveys and field engineering upon request. Engineers and technicians also undertake technology development, testing, and systems integration to support new project demands. The Geodetic Data Services program (GDS) provides data operations and management, product development, and archiving and curation of GPS, Terrestrial Laser

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Scanning (TLS) and InSAR data and data products for future applications. These operational programs also contribute significantly to education and outreach supporting the UNAVCO Education and Community Outreach (ECE) program and PI E&O projects. The GDS Program is headed by the Director Dr. Charles Meertens who is senior personnel on the Cooperative Agreement and receives direct funding. Dr. Glen Mattioli is Director of the GI Program. Over the reporting period Meertens spent approximately 25% of his of effort on the Bridge CA and Mattioli 20%. The remaining time, with sponsor approval, these Directors worked on the other CAs, and other NASA and NSF projects and Bids and Proposals. Support to PIs UNAVCO has the unique and fundamental role of providing solid Earth and cryospheric science researchers with free access to a pooled resource of geodetic technologies, equipment, data, technical support and collaboration that are key enablers of fundamental research being conducted from the equator to the poles. Facility Metrics Summary A detailed of account of UNAVCO activities in the annual period May 2013 – Dec 2013, is presented in this report. Overall summary metrics of engineering and data activities since 2004 are presented in (Table 1). More details metrics are given in the main body of this report. Past annual reports, and quarterly or semi-annual interim reports to NSF are archived at http://www.UNAVCO.org/pubs_reports/reports/reports.html). The first row in summary Table 1 is the number of PI projects receiving Facility engineering or equipment support, ranging from project design and budgeting to full field implementation. During this reporting period, 76 PI projects with NSF and another 37 with community support were supported. There were 54 Polar projects (Antarctic and Arctic) supported by the Facility. The number of non-PBO (and non-PBO Nucleus) permanent stations falling under the Facility umbrella for general Operations and Management support totals 940 (730 EAR, 64 Arctic, 84 Antarctic, 62 NASA). This includes a mix of stations that Facility has primary responsibility for O&M as well as stations receiving significant support from PIs and their collaborators with the Facility having a secondary data management role. Core PBO stations are not included as O&M and data management is primarily handled by the PBO project. The large increase in number of stations is in part due to growth from new projects such as COCONet, and in part from reclassification of sites accounted in other categories such as PBO PI stations. The metric “Unique Institutions w/ Project Support Requests” shows that there were 80 unique institutions receiving Project Support, to date. The number of permanent stations currently active and being archived passed the 2,500 mark and stands at 2,521. This number includes the 940 permanent stations described above, the 1,100 stations of the PBO network and associated 550 extended network CORS and IGS stations, the SCIGN network and other stations archived at UNAVCO.

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Table 1. Summary of overall metrics for Facility engineering and data activities 2004-2013

* Opp removed from 2011 NSF PI Projects total

2.0 Facility Engineering and Equipment Support The UNAVCO Facility provides state-of-the-art GPS equipment and engineering services to PI projects. This includes project management, planning, installation, operations and maintenance of continuous, permanent GPS station networks around the globe. Engineers and technicians also undertake technology development, testing, and systems integration to support new project demands. Presented below are highlights of activities during this annual report period as well as associated WBS tasks and performance metrics. Included   in   Appendix   I   is   the   list   of  permanent  stations  on  the  operations  and  maintenance  list  and  in  Appendix  II  is  the  list  of  projects   supported   for  NSF-­‐EAR,  NASA,   and  UNAVCO  Community   funded  projects  during  this  reporting  period.

2.1 NSF/EAR Program Support Facility NSF-EAR program support is categorized by task and related metrics in Table 2 below and is discussed in the following section.

Activity by FY 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

NSF EAR/NSF Other

PI Projects Supported

48 58 48 52 48 66 51 84 91 76

PLR PI Projects Supported 37 38 48 48 60 44 47 58 55 54

Other Community

Projects 22 38 37 49 43 41 20 28 54 37

Permanent Stations O&M

(incl. PBO Nucleus, excl.

PBO)

555 (209)

593

(209)

621 (209)

730 (209)

793 (209)

643 (no PBO Nucleus)

716 759 743 940

Campaigns Archived 71 41 39 55 41 44 35 66 28 21

Permanent Stations

Archived (incl. PBO-

related)

380 (40)

681 (162)

1092 (373)

1572 (742)

1786 (880)

1889 (1101)

1965 (1101)

2025 (1119)

2436 (1119)

2,521 (1119)

Unique Institutions w/

Project Support Requests

47 63 46 46 48 57 57 93 114 80

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Table 2 Engineering Performance Metrics – NSF CORE Task Performance Metrics Numbers Permanent Station Operations # stations monitored (on O & M list) 730 EAR Project Support # EAR projects 59 NSF-other 17 Community Project Support # Non-EAR projects 37 Pool Equipment Maintenance # Receivers in pool 591 PI Equipment Repairs # RMA processed 195

Permanent Station Operations UNAVCO provides operations and management (O&M) support to 730 continuously operating GPS stations that were installed as part of a PI project (Appendix I). The O&M support includes data downloading, state of health monitoring and reporting, resolving communications and equipment issues, shipping replacement equipment, and working with PIs and local contacts to resolve problems. All data from these stations is archived at UNAVCO. The UNAVCO Facility, working closely with PI’s and their collaborators, provides O&M support at three broad levels:

• High – UNAVCO Facility provides centralized O&M support that may include retrieving the data, monitoring station data flow, and proactively responding to problems with data flow or station hardware. Problems are fixed remotely working with collaborators if necessary. If maintenance trips or materials are required for O&M, these are funded by the PI’s project.

• Medium – PIs or collaborators download the data from the stations, monitor station data flow, and handle most problems themselves. UNAVCO provides engineering and medium-level technical support on a request basis. Any UNAVCO Engineering maintenance trips and materials required for O&M are covered by the PI’s project.

• Low – UNAVCO provides only archiving support and a low-level of technical support. UNAVCO does not monitor or download data from the stations.

PI Project Services In this reporting period 113 PI projects (59 NSF EAR, 17 Other NSF including TLS, 37 other Federal Agency or Community funded) were supported by the UNAVCO Facility, ranging from project design and budgets to full field deployments for new networks, network upgrades and campaign surveys. Additionally, UNAVCO supported 28 proposals, which are not listed in the table below. HoustonNet, the University of Houston MRI project, is an example project that has received full UNAVCO support. UNAVCO staff was involved in proposal support, project planning, network design, monument design, equipment preparation and installation of the equipment and establishing real time data flow. A summary listing of PI project supported by the Facility during this semi-annual report period is included in Appendix II.

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Engineering Tech Support The UNAVCO Facility responds to requests for support via our support mail alias support@UNAVCO.org, however, mostly it is by direct requests to staff via email and phone calls. Also, the UNAVCO knowledgebase is updated periodically to provide technical documents for the PIs to refer to. The number of requests are no longer tracked. UNAVCO GPS Receiver Pool The UNAVCO Facility pool now consists of 591 GPS receivers. This year saw a continued high level of utilization of the UNAVCO receiver pool with an average of 80% (Figure 3). The UNAVCO Facility continues to upgrade the receiver pool with the latest in GNSS receivers, typically the Trimble NetR9. Currently the UNAVCO receiver pool is made up of Trimble NetR9, NetRS, R7 and Topcon GB100 as shown the Figure 4.

Figure 3. UNAVCO Receiver pool utilization.

Figure 4. UNAVCO receiver pool. Note the drop in 2006 is due to the NSF PLR pool not being included.

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PI Equipment Repairs The UNAVCO Facility is an authorized Trimble repair facility. Since the introduction of the Trimble NetRS to the recent release of their latest GNSS product, the NetR9, the UNAVCO community has purchased close to 4000 receivers through the twice-yearly UNAVCO community purchase program. With this program the receivers come with a five-year warranty with the stipulation that the repairs are handled by UNAVCO. This arrangement has brought the costs down for equipment purchases and enables equipment to be used for longer periods of time. During this interim report period UNAVCO received 119 submissions for equipment repairs and during the same time 45 repairs were completed. This includes repairs for GPS receivers, antennas, radio modems and metrological packages. The repairs ranged from handling RMA submissions to board level repairs.

2.2 EarthScope/PBO Project Support The EarthScope-funded pool of 100 Topcon GB-1000 systems was used to support 10 PI-projects during the reporting period: the EarthScope-funded Rio Grande Rift II follow-on (A. Sheehan, S. Nerem, U of CO, and Mark Murray New Mexico Tech), Colorado Plateau (C. Kreemer UNR and R. Bennett, AZ), Colorado Plateau Arizona Campaign (R. Bennett and A. Holland, AZ) and “YTFB-2012" (McCaffrey, Portland and R. King, MIT). The non-EarthScope, Chile RAPID Response (M. Bevis, OSU and B. Brooks, Hawaii), Beaver Dam Wash Seismic Survey (R. Almeida, LDEO), TLS Field Camp Survey of the Hilton Creek Fault for UCSC/UC Davis, and four small TLS projects were supported with this equipment at the UNAVCO Project Manager’s discretion as the UNAVCO Facility’s equipment pool was over-subscribed. The 15-system deployment in response to M8.8 Maule earthquake completed its transition to NSF-CD funding of new instruments and all UNAVCO-owned resources have been returned to Boulder. The EarthScope pool has been utilized at between 35% and 80% of capacity during the past year and is a valuable resource for both EarthScope projects and to cover demands for event responses. UNAVCO provides resources to the EarthScope campaign support effort by testing, maintaining, improving and shipping the GPS systems for PI Projects. Power system upgrades to the semi-permanent and campaign system enclosures have improved data returns in the long-term Colorado Plateau deployments. In addition, UNAVCO is responsible for the operation and maintenance of the network. The EarthScope-funded 25-station Rio Grande Rift II follow-on project. UNAVCO’s field expenses and materials and supplies are funded through a University of Colorado subaward. Performance Metrics 9/2012 – 9/2013 EarthScope Project Support: 14 Projects supported, 100 Receivers in Pool

2.3 UNAVCO Facility Development and Testing The Development and Testing effort is funded by the UNAVCO Facility NASA, NSF-EAR, and NSF-PLR tasks with contributions from NSF-EarthScope Plate Boundary Observatory programs. In addition to work performed by staff fully funded for this task, D&T coordinates ad-hoc

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contributions to individual Development and Testing projects from other UNAVCO groups have been critical to the effort. Close collaboration with the facility Data Group on the ongoing development of teqc software to integrate new GNSS constellation capabilities has been an important ongoing focus of the D&T staff. Performance Metrics 9/2012 – 9/2013 Development and Testing: 8 projects completed (Table 3), 12 in progress (Table 4) A key component of GNSS hardware Development and Testing is the ability to process and analyze data using high-precision carrier-phase techniques and packages such as GAMIT, Bernese, and GIPSY. Our staff maintains a high level of GAMIT expertise and its high-rate counterparts TRACK and TRACK-RT (Real-Time) are being used on many of the projects detailed below (Figure 5). We assisted in co-teaching a GAMIT course with Bob King at the AfricaArray meeting in Johannesburg in Q4 2011 and participated in the GIPSY short course to expand our capabilities. The management and ongoing development of the UNAVCO’s Online Knowledge Base (http://facility.unavco.org/kb/) is also a primary responsibility of the D&T group. Population of the KB with updated material from our website and new articles contributed by UNAVCO staff is a continuous process, and Knowledge Base is the primary forum for distribution of Development and Testing project results and other technical information shared within UNAVCO and the Community.

A wide variety of Development and Testing projects are currently in progress, encompassing all aspects of GNSS and data communication technologies, and are detailed in the table below. Following up on our earlier shaketable results showing the effects of strong motion on GNSS systems, we are currently investigating real-time positioning techniques and algorithms, including Trimble’s prototype receiver-based RTX system. To accomplish this we have developed simple mechanical devices (Figure

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Figure 6. GNSS antenna mechanical motion generator used for RTGPS testing.

Figure 5 above shows the high-performance of the Precise-Point-Positioning algorithm in tracking a moving antenna in real-time relative to a post-processed ~1m kinematic baseline using Track software. We continue to work with the manufacturer to analyze performance further, studying the effects of including GLONASS, RF filters, frequency dependence, and long-period noise on the systems. We will broaden our comparisons in the coming months to include GIPSY, server-based RTX, and other real-time algorithms.

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6) to move antennas and software to perform quality control in real-time that has proven useful for interference analysis and general field station operations and maintenance. Modifications to teqc translation software were also developed to decode newly implemented RTX receiver output. Table 3. Development and Testing Projects Completed 9/2012-6/2013

Project Name PI/Requestor Personnel Involved Description NASA Green Station Development

D. Stowers, J. LaBrecque, NASA

A. Prantner (NASA Support Group), H. Berglund, F. Blume

Develop environmentally efficient GPS stations for use in NASA GGN and other networks.

BGAN M2M System Evaluation

UNAVCO Facility, PBO, and Community

F. Blume, H. Berglund, W. Gallaher

Evaluation of new satellite communication system that is lower power and may be lower cost than standard BGAN.

Trimble NetR9 GNSS Receiver and Firmware Development and Evaluation

UNAVCO Facility and Plate Boundary Observatory

F. Blume, J. Normandeau, L Estey, D. Maggert and (Facility), W. Gallaher, (PBO), S. White (Polar Group), Trimble Engineering Dept.

Evaluate performance and usability of newest Trimble GNSS receiver, including temperature tests, user interface features, data quality, and firmware stability. Versions 4.61, 4.62, 4.70, and 4.80 were evaluated and approved.

BGAN Data Communications Failover System

AfricaArray, Plate Boundary Observatory, UNAVCO Facility, NASA

F. Blume, H. Berglund, W. Gallaher, K. Austin

Communications system to allow robust but expensive BGAN service to back up inexpensive services during temporary service interruptions. Field deployment imminent

GNSS Near-Field PCV Perturbation Analysis

UNAVCO Facility H. Berglund Investigate effects of near-field and site-specific conditions on antenna PCV’s and calibrations.

GNSS Shaketable Test

G. Wang (U of Houston), UNAVCO Facility and PBO, NASA

F. Blume, H. Berglund A. Prantner (NASA), W. Gallaher and S. Looney (PBO)

Quantify effects of sever shaking on GNSS systems by acquiring and analyzing data on moving platforms.

Automated “Track-It” kinematic processing software development

UNAVCO Facility and Plate Boundary Observatory

H. Berglund, F. Blume Software to facilitate and automate the use of MIT “Track” software on user-designated station pairs. Can be used for both position and data-quality analyses.

Real-time data QC software development

UNAVCO Facility H. Berglund Software to perform data-quality evaluation in real-time from raw GPS data streams.

Table 4. Prioritized In-Progress Development and Testing Projects

Project Name PI/Requestor Personnel Involved Description GPS Collocated Monumentation Analysis and Installation

UNAVCO Facility and Plate Boundary Observatory, NASA

F. Blume, H. Berglund, C. Puskas (PBO), C. Meertens, K. Feaux (PBO), J. Normandeau, N. Flores (NASA)

Design, install, and analyze data from co-located GPS monuments of different design in order to assess stability and performance. Data from several collocated monuments are being analyzed while new

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installations are planned.

GNSS Receiver Specification and Evaluation

UNAVCO Facility F. Blume, J. Normandeau (NSF Support Group), N. Flores (NASA Support Group), S. White (Polar)

Comparative evaluation of “next generation” GNSS receivers from Leica (GR25), Septentrio (PolaRx4), Topcon (Net-G3A), Trimble (NetR9) and others and determine specifications and requirements on behalf of the UNAVCO community.

GNSS Receiver RF and electrical Interference Identification and Mitigation

UNAVCO Facility and Plate Boundary Observatory

H. Berglund, F. Blume, W. Gallaher, J. Normandeau,

Determine magnitude of BGAN interference with tracking on new generation "All Constellation" GNSS receives, esp. Trimble NetR9, and susceptibility to other RF and electrical sources.

Real-time positioning comparison and analysis

UNAVCO Facility and Plate Boundary Observatory

H. Berglund, F. Blume, D. Mencin, C. Sievers

Comparison of commercial receiver-based positioning

Cellular Data Communications Device and Carrier Evaluation

Plate Boundary Observatory

W. Gallaher, F. Blume Testing of new-generation cellular modems, carrier protocols (e.g. 4G LTE) and network architecture (corporate VPN).

GNSS Processing Virtual Server Development and Implementation

UNAVCO Facility H. Berglund, K. Hanzel (IT Staff)

Virtualized linux server for remote UNAVCO users to run GAMIT, GIPSY, TRACK, and other data processing and pre-processing software

Development of automated antenna movement hardware

UNAVCO Facility and Plate Boundary Observatory

H Berglund, F. Blume Development of pneumatic system to move GNSS antennas. Will be used to analyze kinematic positioning algorithms.

teqc Software Development and Testing Support

UNAVCO Facility H. Berglund, L. Estey Specialized data acquisition using a variety of recr’s to support teqc develop. New programming to use teqc output for diagnostic purposes

JAVAD GNSS Sigma G3T USGS Evaluation

M. Lisowski, USGS H. Berglund, F. Blume Evaluation and testing of Javad Sigma GNSS receiver for use in USGS and UNAVCO projects.

Topcon Net-G3A GNSS Receiver Evaluation

D. Stowers (Jet Propulsion Laboratory), PBO, USGS.

A. Prantner (NASA Support Group), D. Stowers (JPL), F. Blume, Topcon Software Division.

Evaluate NetG3 receiver for suitability of use in GGN and USGS ARRA projects. L2C and GLONASS data quality have been analyzed. New firmware with increased GNSS capability (4.0) evaluation is underway.

2.4 Geodetic Imaging Activities during the Bridge Cooperative Agreement period include acquisition of a new state-of-the-art Riegl VZ-1000 full waveform terrestrial laser scanner, as well as engineering support for PI projects, planning support for PI proposals, proposal development, community outreach and training, and UNAVCO resource development and staff training.

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TLS PI Project Services In this reporting period, a total of 36 TLS field projects, and 3 proposals (14 EAR, 9 NSF Other, 13 other federal agency or community funded) were supported by the Geodetic Imaging program (see rows highlighted green in Appendix II). Polar TLS support is reported in the Polar section of this report. TLS project support metrics and highlights are now reported in the EAR and PLR infrastructure sections of this report, together with GNSS and other core operational activities. TLS Support Resources The UNAVCO TLS instrument pool consists of 5 scanners: two Riegl VZ400 systems, one Riegl LMS-Z620 system, one Leica ScanStation C10 system, and a Riegl VZ1000 acquired spring 2013 under UNAVCO’s active award Acquisition of Next Generation Terrestrial Laser Scanning Systems for Community Earth and Polar Science Research. Another Riegl VZ400 system is shared on a half time basis with Central Washington University. The new VZ1000 was acquired during this reporting period using funds from the recently awarded proposal: Acquisition of Next Generation Terrestrial Laser Scanning Systems for Community Earth and Polar Science Research. This new instrument offers long range scanning at high data collection rates in a compact and easily transportable form-factor. The instrument also permits full waveform data capture, offering a new and powerful data product to the UNAVCO community. Development of an RFP for the acquisition of a second scanner under this award is underway. A TLS instrument validation/calibration network is maintained at the UNAVCO facility in Boulder. The range is primarily being used for instrument performance validation. Before and after each scanner deployment, the scanner is set up on fixed mounting point and scans are made of a control array of reflector targets. Measurements are compared to previous reference measurements from the same scanner to check that repeatability between scans is within tolerance (e.g., 3mm for a Riegl VZ-400) and that no measurement drift is observed. In addition to instrumentation, UNAVCO provides TLS data services including basic data processing, data management and data archiving. The standard UNAVCO deliverable is a merged, aligned, georeferenced point cloud, which is accompanied by pertinent metadata products such as site photos, meteorological information, field notes and other ancillary project information. Considerable progress was made this period on the development of a new online TLS data archive system (http://tls.unavco.org). The archive – based on an open source software package called RAMADDA - hosts all project files (TLS, GPS, metadata and docs, field photos, etc.) and products, and provides web-based access. Data will be freely available to the public as soon as they are archived unless there are exclusion periods approved by NSF program managers. Ultimately, TLS data hosted in the UNAVCO repository will be exposed to the larger community through a Web service connection to NSF’s OpenTopography. To meet the needs of UNAVCO’s growing and diversifying TLS user community, UNAVCO is actively developing training resources and documentation to support Earth science TLS users. New resources under development include documentation of TLS data collection and processing best practices, a growing TLS knowledgebase, and additional short courses covering a variety of specialized TLS topics, including domain-specific data processing and analysis workflows.

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TLS Community Support and Participation UNAVCO’s TLS program participated in several broader community events, outreach, and support through meeting presentations, short courses, and advisory panels during the reporting period. Crosby presented an overview of UNAVCO TLS activities during an AGU LiDAR Town Hall: TH42I. New LiDAR Technologies and Vision for the Future, a collaboration between NCALM, OpenTopography, and UNAVCO. The goals of the town hall were to; 1) To present new technologies and data discovery tools; 2) to gather the community’s opinion on where future efforts should be directed; and 3) to disseminate information about how to obtain LiDAR and related resources from all three NSF-funded groups." For the fifth year in a row, Crosby and Phillips co-taught a TLS Short Course with collaborator Carlos Aiken at the 2012 GSA meeting in Charlotte, NC in October 2012. The course continues to be popular (it has filled to capacity and had waiting lists every year) and Crosby, Marianne Okal, and Phillips taught this course again at the 2013 GSA meeting in Denver. All materials from the 2013 GSA short course - Introduction to Terrestrial Laser Scanning (Ground-Based LiDAR) for Earth Science Research - are available in the UNAVCO Knowledgebase: http://facility.unavco.org/kb/questions/789/GSA+2013%3A+Introduction+to+Terrestrial+Laser+Scanning+%28Ground-Based+LiDAR%29+for+Earth+Science+Research Crosby was also a co-organizer and instructor for a three-day short course in San Diego focused on applications of high-resolution topography to studies of active faults in southern California. Sponsored by SCEC, UNAVCO, and OpenTopography, the Imaging and Analyzing Southern California’s Active Faults with LiDAR course was over subscribed (over 35 participants attended) and was very well received. Resources from the course are available here: http://www.opentopography.org/index.php/resources/short_courses/13scec_course/ Building upon the success of the past four years of supporting TLS instrumentation at geologic field camps, in summer 2013, UNAVCO staff supported a total of four field camps – Indiana (PI Douglas), University of Houston (PI Wang), University of Michigan (PI Niemi), and University of California Santa Cruz & Davis (PIs Finnegan and Oskin). A UNAVCO TLS ECE intern worked during summer 2013 on the development of standard TLS curriculum materials (e.g., TLS Field Camp manual and exercises) for use at these camps. UNAVCO imaging personnel co-authored numerous scientific presentations at AGU, EGU, GSA and other meetings. Crosby co-chaired a LiDAR-themed session at the 2013 Fall AGU meeting (“4D Topography: Detecting Changes to the Earth's Surface with Multi-Temporal, High-Resolution Topographic Data” – Rengers, Nissen co-conveners) and also presented an abstract on ongoing TLS data archive infrastructure development at UNAVCO ("Development of an Online Archive for Terrestrial LiDAR Data"). Chris Crosby also represented UNAVCO at the NCALM Steering Committee meeting in San Francisco during the AGU meeting, December 2012. Crosby also visited Riegl’s facility in Horn, Austria in April 2012 (in tandem with the EGU conference) to meet with company leadership,

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tour their facilities and to discuss UNAVCO software and equipment needs and concerns. This visit was a follow-up to Meertens’ visit to the Riegl factory in 2011 and Phillips’ visit in April 2012. Proposals UNAVCO’s proposal - Acquisition of Next Generation Terrestrial Laser Scanning Systems for Community Earth and Polar Science Research - to request funds to purchase additional scanners for PLR and EAR PI project support was successfully funded in spring of 2013. A new Riegl VZ1000 was acquired using these funds (see discussion above). Technology and science community needs are currently being evaluated using UNAVCO community (e.g., the Terrestrial Imaging Geodesy Working Group – TIGWiG) and staff input to determine the best instrument for the second procurement under this award. An RFP is currently being drafted and will be open to responses in Y2 of the Bridge period.

2.5 NASA Program Support The NASA Global GNSS Network (GGN), a subset of the ~230 International GNSS Service (IGS) stations that contribute to the International Terrestrial Frame (ITRF), comprise a core of 62 GNSS stations that are operated by UNAVCO under direction from JPL. These provide a globally distributed GPS network to support NASA operations and commitments to the GGOS. Principal support provided by UNAVCO, with funding through its cooperative agreements, by the Geodetic Infrastructure (GI) program to GGN operations includes data flow monitoring, trouble-shooting, station installation, maintenance, and operations. UNAVCO also provides key sustaining engineering services to maintain the GGN and improve capabilities and performance as part of the GI program’s Development and Testing (D&T) group. This support has involved improving or reducing the costs of data communications, testing and reviewing firmware upgrades to GNSS receivers, evaluating monument or site stability issues to assess possible effects on measurement precision, procedural improvements to enhance efficiencies, and other activities to streamline operations at specific stations.

UNAVCO Geodetic Data Services (GDS) provides a backup capability for downloading GPS ground station data for NASA mission support. Data handling capabilities to retrieve data from specified GGN stations are maintained at UNAVCO in case of failure of primary systems at JPL. As a NASA-funded task, the GDS program continues to provide cyberinfrastructure (CI) support to the IGS Central Bureau and to facilitate the exchange of IGS network metadata in support of network operations. UNAVCO’s CI expertise strengthens the integrity of metadata and provides web tools for viewing station and QC metadata and the state of data flow within the IGS network. Other NASA program support includes computer and web administration, and program coordination. The Geodetic Seamless Archive Centers (GSAC) web services, initially developed with separate NASA ROSES ACCESS funding, is used maintained in conjunction with IGS network operations. In addition, TEQC software maintenance, support, and development are important parts of ongoing UNAVCO GDS NASA-supported activities. TEQC is a critical part of the GNSS data processing workflow both at UNAVCO and at JPL as well as being used for UNAVCO GPS archiving operations.

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NASA GGN The 62 permanent NASA GGN sites (Figure 7) represent approximately 16% of the stations that make up the IGS GNSS permanent station network. These stations are often in remote areas of the globe and in many cases provide some of the only freely accessible data from countries that are otherwise have restrictions on access to GNSS data. Observations from these stations are used to produce highly accurate orbit, timing, and earth orientation products that are essential for Earth science research, multidisciplinary applications, and UNAVCO Education and Community Engagement activities. Regular fiscal accountability reports and use of the NASA Statement of Work (SOW) as a living document and collaboration via regular meetings with JPL/Caltech Product Delivery Manager (David Stowers), help to ensure consistency between NASA funded IGS efforts, JPL GNSS programs, and the resources and expertise applied to these efforts and programs by UNAVCO. Performance metrics for NASA program support are given in Table 5.

Figure 7. Current state of the NASA GGN Network. Green indicates that station is operational. Orange indicates a recent outage (less than 1 week). Red indicates between a two week and three week outage. Grey indicates 3 or more week outage. There are 62 GGN stations and 76 GNSS receivers currently monitored (some stations have multiple receivers on the same antenna). At present, 33 of the 62 GGN sites are reference frame

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stations. There are five stations with Trimble NetRS receivers tracking L2C and 21 receivers with multi-constellation tracking of both GPS and GLONASS. Javad or Topcon instruments are being used where GLONASS tracking is operational. Table 5: Current Status of GGN Network – NASA CORE (as of 9/1/13)

Description   Number  of  Stations  

#  of  IGS  reference  frame  stations   33  #  tracking  L2C   5  #  tracking  GPS,GLONASS   21  #  decommissioned   1  

UNAVCO responded to 672 individual troubleshoots and maintenance issues during the reporting period, which included diagnosing communication outages, station configuration changes, maintenance trips, and hardware upgrades at a number of stations (Table 6). Table 6: Engineering Performance Metrics – NASA CORE (09/01/12– 09/1/13)

TASK  (Engineering  and  Equipment  Services)  

Performance  Metrics   Numbers  

Permanent  Station  Operations  

#  of  sites  monitored   62  #  of  receivers  monitored   76  #  of  troubleshoots   672  #  of  new  stations  installed   2  

Permanent  Station  Maintenance   #  of  field  trips  or  upgrades   7  

New GNSS Installations/Upgrades. In early 2010, the Western Survey for Seismic Protection of Armenia informed UNAVCO that construction near the 14-year old IGS NSSP station in Yerevan, Armenia would likely render the station unusable (Figure 8). As construction continued it was clear that the station needed to be decommissioned, and our local collaborator retrieved the antenna, dome, and antenna mount along with the station receiver and computer for reuse at a future installation. After a long search for the ideal location, a new location in Aruch-Yerevan, Armenia with exposed bedrock to anchor a concrete pillar was identified (Figure 9) and is now online as ARUC.

Figure 8. Old NSSP station

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Figure 9. The monument on the left is the new ARUC monument. The antenna, dome, and mount on the right are old equipment from the NSSP station and new equipment will be installed at ARUC.

NASA/JPL and their Argentine collaborators signed an agreement that allowed for the re-occupation of the CORD monument in Cordoba, Argentina. The station is now operational, and after nearly 2 years, the GGN-GLPS station in the Galapagos Islands is now online. UNAVCO field engineer Andrea Prantner traveled to the station and installed a wireless link between the VSAT modem and the GLPS station computer and repaired a broken radome. Planned GGN Activities. A plan has been developed to upgrade the JPL ring monument at MDO1 near Fort Davis, Texas, beginning in the fourth quarter of 2013. Similar to the JPL ring upgrade at NLIB in late 2010, the upgrade at MDO1 will proceed in two stages. First, UNAVCO will deploy a temporary campaign system approximately one month before the actual monument modification at the MDO1 site. Once the new monument hardware is in place the campaign system will continue to run for an additional month. The campaign data will serve as a short baseline site tie to the modified monument. Once the MDO1 start has been upgraded, UNAVCO will follow up with upgrading the CRO1 monument in St. Croix as well as at station QUIN in Quincy, California. UNAVCO also plans to complete GGN station installations in the coming year. A new monument will be built to replace KOKB monument on Kauai and a new station will be installed in Haleakala National Park on the island of Maui. At least two new stations will also be installed in the Western continental United States at locations to be determined by JPL. Data collection from the Easter Island station, ISPA, has become increasingly more difficult to download due to the higher data throughput requirements. In a recent upgrade of the station a second receiver was deployed, nearly doubling the amount data being downloaded from the station. Currently the network connection is shared with other agencies that have their own data

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throughput. UNAVCO will coordinate the installation of a new network connection that will support the future data requirements of ISPA. UNAVCO will begin deploying next-generation receivers, capable of multi-constellation tracking at existing stations in the GGN network. These will have the capability to track signals from GNSS such as GPS, GLONASS, European Galileo, Chinese Beidou, and Japanese QZSS. New computers with solid state hard drives will also be deployed with each receiver. At this time, we anticipate that 20 GNSS receivers will be deployed during 2014. Development and Testing The Development and Testing (D&T) effort is funded by the NASA, NSF-EAR, and NSF-PLR (formerly OPP) tasks and the activities are documented in the previous section. In addition to the D&T team, ad-hoc contributions to individual D&T projects from other UNAVCO groups have been critical to the overall effort, with individuals participating in projects of direct interest to their operational areas. Close collaboration with the Geodetic Data Services group on the ongoing development of TEQC software to integrate new GNSS constellation capabilities has been an important ongoing focus of the D&T staff. Many of the activities delineated below are beneficial to multiple stakeholders and sponsors, with results disseminated using UNAVCO’s online Knowledge Base. IGSCB Support UNAVCO provided participant and logistical support to the IGS Central Bureau (IGSCB) by arranging accommodations for the GGOS Consortium Meeting, and the IGS governing board meeting that took place in December 2013 at the fall annual AGU meeting in San Francisco. UNAVCO also hosted the IGS/GGOS reception at AGU. UNAVCO regularly participates in meetings with personnel from the IGSCB regarding the final release of the UNAVCO-developed IGS site log manager and other on going operational activities. Operational support includes reviewing site log submissions, updating site logs that are in older formats, and maintaining equipment records in the site log manager database. In related IGS activities, UNAVCO Director of Geodetic Data Services (GDS), Dr. Charles Meertens, serves as an At Large member of the IGS Governing Board and Dr. Fran Boler was elected to the Governing Board as Data Representative. Dr. Louis Estey, from the UNAVCO GDS group, serves on the IGS Infrastructure Committee. Dr. Fredrick Blume, project manager for the UNAVCO Development and Testing group in the Geodetic Infrastructure (GI) program, serves on the IGS Antenna Working Group. Other NASA Support UNAVCO supports the development and maintenance of the TEQC software. This software includes data translation from over 50 receiver formats, data editing and quality checking. TEQC is integral to the GGN and IGS data handling and is widely used by hundreds of U.S. and international GNSS processing and analysis groups. In fact, TEQC is one of the most widely accessed sections of the UNAVCO website with, on average, over 25 downloads of the software occurring each day. In addition, TEQC is an important part of UNAVCO D&T activities and is a critical part of the GNSS data processing workflow as well as being used for archiving operations. UNAVCO staff interacts with international groups defining RINEX and BINEX

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format specifications and has participated in the IGS Analysis Center workshops where formats and other issues related to GNSS modernization were discussed.

2.6 NSF Division of Polar Programs Support The UNAVCO Polar team wrapped up busy Arctic and Antarctic field seasons with support provided to a combined 53 projects (Table 7). The complexity of support provided to PI projects overall continues to be high as a broadening suite of UNAVCO geodetic engineering services and products has been met with enthusiasm from the community. The support expertise provided by the UNAVCO Polar team included campaign and long-term, autonomous, precision GPS technologies with Iridium communications, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) and polar rated power and communications platforms of up to 5 watts continuous, accessible to grantees to run remote instrumentation. The 2012–13 Antarctic campaign season was active, with support provided to 27 individual PI projects. This number represents a slight reduction over the previous two years where UNAVCO supported more than 30 projects, but was still above the historical average of 24 projects supported per year. The majority of the available Polar GPS campaign equipment pool was deployed, including 45 of the latest generation Trimble NetR8 and NetR9 receivers. UNAVCO supplied instruments to several large Antarctic GPS projects, among them C-520 WISSARD (S. Anandakrishnan), C-407 Pine Island Glacier (R. Bindschadler) Pine Island Glacier, and I-351 Byrd Glacier Dynamics (L. Stearns / G. Hamilton). A new continuously operating GPS station with line-of-site radio telemetry was installed on Mount Erebus for G-081 (P. Kyle). We continue to see the nature of the projects supported growing in complexity, with requests for multiple, longterm deployable GPS systems becoming more commonplace. Many of these projects involve large localized GPS networks with at least one station in the network paired with Iridium communications. Interest in terrestrial laser scanning in Antarctica has continued to be robust as well, with seven projects receiving TLS support this past field season (e.g. Figure 10). Most TLS projects also have a GPS component. The suite of LiDAR scanners used by UNAVCO has proven capable of operation in the extremes of the polar environment, although care must be taken for them to run optimally. Projects requesting laser scanning included several events in the McMurdo Dry Valleys: B-504 (A. Fountain), B-506 (D. McKnight), G-074 (A. Lewis), G-080 (J. Levy), G-298 (J. Mikucki) as well as the Mount Erebus team, G-081 (P. Kyle). Dr. Kyle’s event employed multiple scanners for different tasks this season. As terrestrial laser scanning continues to see heavy usage in Antarctica and the Arctic, instrument and operator availability have been the limiting factors in project support. UNAVCO has recently broadened the base of qualified polar TLS operators, and has purchased a new Riegl VZ-1000 scanner to replace the now-retired Optech instrument. We expect to see a continued moderate rise in demand for this resource from the grantee community in the future. Work on ANET, the Antarctic facet of POLENET, went well this season, despite the typical challenges of weather delays and limitations in aircraft resource availability. This year the final ANET station was successfully installed at Inman Nunatak. The ANET team made maintenance visits to 29 existing sites, providing repairs and incremental technology upgrades to these

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stations to bring them up to the standard of newer sites. The corrupted data card disk image that led to an unexpected cessation of operation of nine GPS receivers in northern Greenland last boreal summer also impacted six ANET sites. All of these sites were visited and repaired. There are now 37 POLENET continuous GPS systems deployed in Antarctica plus an additional six that are fielded under the LARISSA project. In 2013, the UNAVCO Polar engineering team provided support to 22 different Arctic PI projects. Arctic PI projects of particular significance for the 2013 field season included maintenance and data management for the GNET (M. Bevis) sites in Greenland, plus ongoing support to the Greenland Fractures GPS network of 22 receivers on the ice sheet southeast of Illulissat (Das). Four terrestrial LiDAR projects were supported for the Arctic this year, all in Alaska. Six polar power systems were fielded in the Arctic this year, for PI David Holland (NYU). These are currently in use powering instrumentation on the Jakobshavn and Helheim glaciers. Significant O&M support was provided to the GNET project where 47 continuous stations are currently installed. This includes 38 NSF funded GNET sites, plus an additional 9, non-core sites operated by the Danish GNET collaborator, Danish Technical Institute (DTU). Twenty-nine sites were visited as part of the GNET O&M effort. Most of the maintenance this season focused on minor repair and upgrades. No bear damage was noted at any of the sites visited this year. Sites with previous damage have been hardened, but time will tell if these upgrades will be effective. Iridium communications using RUDICS based technology for remote GPS sites developed at Xeos Technology continues in eleven field installations, including two upgrades to ANET stations. RUDIX technology provides enhanced data and communications capabilities to the continuous sites. The UNAVCO engineering team continues to push forward incremental improvements in technology and reliability of the permanent systems fielded to the POLENET project. Recent work has focused on system redundancy and failover capability. Improvements have been made in wind turbine performance and ruggedness of design. UNAVCO has also begun to outline steps towards identifying the next generation polar GPS, with that being a topic at this year’s Polar Networks Science Committee (PNSC) meeting. UNAVCO continues to manage “Forward Deployed” cGPS receivers at manned locations in the Arctic and the Antarctic. These systems enhance the service provided by UNAVCO to science efforts operating out of Summit Station in Greenland, Toolik, Barrow, Atqasuk in Alaska, and the three major US research stations operating in the Antarctic. The Arctic and Antarctic proposal submission deadlines fell into this reporting period, and UNAVCO provided letters of support and budgets to 20 Arctic PIS and 18 Antarctic PI’s to include with their submissions. Requests for proposal support ranged from basic campaign GPS support to multi-year continuously operating GPS and power systems to Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) support.

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Meetings attended included the Polar Network Science Committee (PNSC) meeting and the Riegl LiDAR 2013 Conference.

Table 7. Engineering Performance Metrics – PLR

GPS Engineering and Equipment - Arctic

Permanent Station Ops

# stations monitored (on O&M list) # station maintenance events # unique PIs

64

29 4

PI Project Services

# projects combined # TLS projects # unique PIs

26 4

22

Development and Testing # D&T projects 1

Pool Equipment Maintenance # receivers in pool 123

PI Equipment Repairs # repairs completed See WBS 1.1.1.8

GPS Engineering and Equipment - Antarctic

Permanent Station Ops

# stations monitored (on O&M list) # station maintenance events # unique PIs

82

33 7

Figure 10. Terrestrial laser scanning of streambed feature near Lake Fryxell, Antarctica. Photo by: N. Bayou 2014.

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PI Project Services

# projects combined # TLS projects # unique PIs

27 7

27

Development and Testing # D&T projects 2

Pool Equipment Maintenance # receivers in pool 195

PI Equipment Repairs # repairs completed See WBS 1.1.1.8

2.7 Data Services Archiving activities described in the Data section of the Facility interim report are for the most part ongoing activities for the Bridge funding period. However, several focus areas have emerged since the beginning of the Bridge period. New activities include (1) replacement of aging RAID storage systems for both the long term archive repository and for the ftp pickup systems; the new hardware that has been purchased and is in the process of configuration is Storage Area Network (SAN) enabled; (2) the implementation of offsite backup capability utilizing Amazon Glacier cloud storage services; (3) the capability for data set publication using Digital Object Identifiers has transitioned from a development activity into the production phase; (4) renewed attention toward supporting development and enhancement of NASA’s Site Log Manager metadata management tool has taken place through hiring of contract software staff. The UNAVCO Data Center’s mission is to provide a secure long-term archive for data, data products, and metadata from high-precision GNSS studies, SAR observations, and other crustal deformation measurements. The Data Center also makes data from the Archive available to the scientific community and to the public and provides additional tools that add value to the data and data products in the Archive. GNSS Archiving and Data Management Metrics. Table 8 shows metrics reporting in the area of GNSS Data and Data Products archiving and distribution. Table 8. Metrics reporting for UNAVCO GNSS archiving and data distribution activities for the period October 1, 2012 through September 30, 2013.

Metrics Report -- GPS – Facility Data Group for the period October 1, 2012 through September 30, 2013

Element Metric Quantity or gigabytes

Permanent Stations Archived Permanent stations with data 2,914 Permanent stations - active 2,523 PBO stations 1,100 Permanent Stations Archived 1-Hz and Higher Rate All 455 Delivered via stream 251 Delivered via Download, Continuous 166 Delivered via Download, Intermittent 38

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Campaigns Archived Campaigns archived 21 All Archived Monuments with data 12,336 NSF GNSS Data and Data Products Total data archived 13,092 GB Subdivisions for files archived: Campaign data archived 28 GB Permanent station data archived 10,524 GB PBO data archived 8,272 GB Standard rate data archived (e.g. 15 s sample interval) 4,496 GB High rate data archived (1 s sample interval) 5,766 GB Real-time data archived (1 s sample interval) 1,477 GB High rate data archived (~0.2 s sample interval) 264 GB Met data archived 2 GB Product files archived 2,540 GB

NSF GNSS Data and Data Products Accessed Total files accessed 22,680 GB Number of unique domains (avg per month) 1,626 Subdivisions for files Accessed: Campaign files accessed 656 GB -number of unique domains (avg per month) 13 Permanent station files accessed 19,421 GB -number of unique domains 1,626 PBO files accessed 13,199 GB -number of unique domains (avg per month) 1,272 Standard rate files accessed (e.g. 15 s sample interval) 14,763 GB -number of unique domains (avg per month) 1,626 High rate files accessed (<=1 s sample interval) 4,658 GB -number of unique domains (avg per month) 30 Met files accessed 15 GB -number of unique domains (avg per month) 24 Product files accessed 2,602 GB -number of unique domains (avg per month) 111 Raw files accessed < 1 GB -number of unique domains (avg per month) 1

NSF and NASA Community Software TEQC downloads 19,135

TEQC information requests 1,230 NASA Stations Data/Metadata Permanent stations handled 84 Antarctic Stations/Projects Permanent station data archived 142 GB Projects handled 0 Arctic Stations/Projects Permanent station data archived 65 GB Projects handled 2

Holdings. Archive holdings in the online repository, including the primary copy of all GNSS files, related files, and products, total 26.0 TB in compressed form (48 TB when uncompressed

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Figure 11. GPS Archive annual data volume (left); cumulative annual volume (right). Data points for 2013 are partial year. Volume is for all GNSS data and products. Contributing to the annual increases in 2012 and 2013 is the increasing volume of high rate data coming from archiving of streamed 1 Hz data and a growing set of downloaded daily or hourly 1 Hz stations. Event and survey related intermittent high rate data collections also contribute but have much less impact, though in 2007 1 Hz and 5 Hz data were archived in association with several events and had a large impact in that year. Of the cumulative 48 Tb of data at the end of the report period, 8.2 Tb is level 2 or higher products, 16.8 Tb is high rate level 0/1 data, and the remainder, 23.1 Tb, is standard rate level 0/1 data.

to their usable form, including 40 TB of level 0/1 data files and 8 TB of products). Holdings in the ftp pickup area, where the RINEX copy of all GPS-related files and products are available for pickup, total 25.9 TB. The bar graphs in Figure 11 show annual and cumulative archive data volume growth through time for the primary copy of uncompressed GNSS data files.

Total Storage. The total storage (compressed) for the primary archived copy and the public copy of all GNSS data files, ancillary files, and products in the archive is 52 TB (Figure 12). (Note: The decreases in total archive volume that are evident in the figure are related to a periodic cleanup of data that is made available in two different formats. The long-term format is kept indefinitely. The alternate format is removed after aging approximately one year.

Figure 12. Storage volume utilized through time for the GNSS long term Archive and ftp pickup RAID systems for the primary copy of all GNSS data, products and related files. UNAVCO keeps a secondary failover copy of all data so the total storage utilized is over 100 Tb.

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Permanent Stations - Standard sample interval. Currently, 2,521 active global permanent stations with nominal sample interval of 15 or 30 s (“standard rate”) are being archived at UNAVCO; this includes 1,100 PBO stations. Standard rate data accounts for 43% of the level 0/1 archived data volume during the report period. During the period of this report an additional 157 sites were added for automated archiving; these sites were from a variety of global networks, including 44 Expanded PBO Analysis stations, 22 COCONet stations, 11 HoustonNet stations, 9 CAPGIA West Antarctica stations, 9 Ethiopia Tectonics stations, 7 Malawi Rifting stations, 5 Mauna Loa stations, and 5 Africa Array stations. Permanent Stations - High rate sample interval. At the close of the report period a total of 455 stations were delivering high rate data for archiving. Of these, 251 were from real time streams and 166 were downloaded daily or hourly. Intermittent downloads occurred for 38 stations related to geophysical events and survey support. During the report period, an additional 22 streamed real-time stations were added for archiving. Campaigns. Archiving was completed for 21 campaigns during the period of this report (Alaska Range Ice Volume Survey and Velocity Monitoring 2012, Central Baja 2009, Ethiopian Highlands 2012, Ethiopian Highlands 2013, Haiti 2013, Icepod 2013, Lewis and Clark 2012, Madagascar Uganda 2012, Nicaragua 2010, Nicaragua 2011, Nicaragua 2013, Preliminary Evaluation of GPS Dome Materials 2012, San Bernardino SAF EarthScope 2011, San Bernardino Mountains 2012, Saudi Arabia 2013, Southwest Montana 2012, Southwest Montana 2013, Tajikistan-Kyrgyzstan 2012, University of Calgary Suominet 2012, Yakima Fold Thrust Belt 2012, Yellowstone 2012). In addition, data from 2012-2013 for the MAGNET project consisting of 391 intermittently occupied continuous campaign sites was archived. GGN-IGS Data Support. Data flow monitoring, site metadata tracking and reporting is provided to staff of the IGS Central Bureau. A few sites required special handling to resolve problems. UNAVCO is supporting the IGS Central Bureau and JPL staff on a major IGS web site upgrade, and continues to develop and enhance the test and development version of the Site Log Manager (SLM) database with web reporting and forms for metadata entry. The Site Log Manager is undergoing a revamping with numerous enhancements in the code for improved functionality and maintainability. UNAVCO maintains the SLM database current with IGS station metadata in preparation for rollout of the system to production. Data Pickup. A monthly average of 5.9 million data files (1.7 Tb) was picked up from the Archive ftp server over the report period, including a monthly average of 314 thousand QC files, site logs, product files, campaign log images, and other GNSS-related files. Archive IT Infrastructure and Software. UNAVCO’s software that controls automated archiving for the nearly 3,000 standard and high rate stations that deliver data on a daily or sub-daily basis continues to be optimized for robustness, scalability, high availability, and maintainability. The archiving systems are undergoing a phased migration to virtual machine hardware as needed to meet scalability needs and to replace aging hardware. Storage upgrades are in progress for both long-term archiving space and the ftp pickup storage space; our new storage systems are on Storage Area Network hardware. For maintaining an offsite backup and phasing out tape backup

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Table 9. UNAVCO SAR archiving and data distribution metrics for Bridge Y1

of archived data, UNAVCO is using Amazon Glacier cloud storage services. The Glacier service is very cost-effective as a backup solution since upload and storage is inexpensive. Recovery is significantly more expensive, but this cost would be incurred only if both the primary and secondary onsite online archive were to be lost in a catastrophic failure. The software infrastructure and management capability for data set publication using Digital Object Identifiers has been completed and the Archive staff have begun the process of DOI minting. SOPAC Subaward. SOPAC, through a subaward to this Cooperative Agreement, provided additional GPS archiving support including general maintenance and improvements for the on-line archive including global International GNSS Service (IGS) data and co-development of Web Services-based method for exchange of metadata between UNAVCO and SOPAC. MIT Subaward. MIT, through a sub-award to this Cooperative Agreement, provides data processing support and training for the GAMIT/GLOBK GPS processing and analysis program. Software, documentation and direct assistance to investigators are provided. A training course was held in May. See http://facility.unavco.org/software/processing/gamit.html for more information.

SAR Data Archiving and Distribution WInSAR and EarthScope SAR Archives Management of the WInSAR Archive has been ongoing at the Data Center since 2005. UNAVCO orders ESA and TerraSAR-X scenes in response to WInSAR user requests. In addition, UNAVCO placed tasking orders for Envisat in response to user requests prior to the failure of Envisat early in 2012. The WInSAR Executive Committee along with UNAVCO arranged for a tasking quota to be established with DLR for use by WInSAR. Tasking orders for the TerraSAR-X mission based on WInSAR user requests have been placed on a regular basis. UNAVCO has also begun archiving of WInSAR community TSX data in the UNAVCO SAR Archive. During the report period, 1924 GB of SAR data were archived for WInSAR (Table 9), and 2936 GB of data were downloaded from the archive. WInSAR scenes from the European Space Agency (ESA) are available without cost under their open data policy. TSX data access is restricted to Co-PIs associated with a specific project and approved by DLR. A monthly average of 14 unique users access the SAR data archive. SAR Data Archive Metrics for Bridge Y1 Metric Count or GB SAR data archived 1924 GB SAR data distributed 2936 GB SAR unique users (Second Level Domains) 14

29

SAR Archive IT Infrastructure and Software UNAVCO continues to maintain the core SAR archive infrastructure, including hardware, database, software, and web presence. Recent updates have been focused on developing data ingest capabilities to allow UNAVCO to host data from newer satellite platforms such as CosmoSkyMed (CSK) which WInSAR community users are beginning to utilize. Support for CSK data will ultimately be integrated into the WInSAR data portal (https://winsar.unavco.org/portal/), developed during the previous reporting periods, to provide enhanced management for TerraSAR-X data (PI management of DLR proposals), search and status of TSX tasking activities (Figure 13) for both WInSAR and Supersites, and WInSAR password reset. Supersites support For the GEO Supersites and Natural Laboratories initiative, and with support from NASA, UNAVCO provides data ordering (from the European Space Agency), along with data management (download and repackaging) of the orders received, and upload of the orders to the ESA supported cloud storage (Level 4 archive). In addition to this operational data management activity, UNAVCO provides web site content management and hosting for the Supersites main page and for Supersite Event pages. The most recent event supported was the August 2012 Ahar, Iran earthquakes. Motivated by UNAVCO’s ongoing NASA ROSES ACCESS funded work to develop a Seamless SAR Archive (SSARA), UNAVCO have been engaged in discussions with the European SAR community (DLR, ESA, CEOS, etc) regarding federated access to data, data processing environments, and metadata and product formats. The goal is to leverage the SSARA work to build federated access to data hosted by the space agencies that participate in Supersites.

30

Figure 13. WInSAR Portal interface, showing TerraSAR-X tasking overview and status.

3.0 Education and Community Engagement Activities The Education and Community Engagement (ECE) program supports technical training and teacher professional development activities, education materials development and dissemination, workforce development initiatives and communications of community science and support. Outreach, education, and engagement activities are conducted by the broader UNAVCO staff; not just ECE staff. To the extent practicable, highlights of UNAVCO-wide activities are reported. Technical Training and Teacher Professional Development Activities UNAVCO provides multi-day technical short courses to increase the capacity of our scientific community. Courses are aimed at graduate students and current researchers desiring to enhance or refresh their technical training. UNAVCO provides logistical support, financial travel support for students and instructors and communication supports. Four short courses were offered; all courses were at maximum enrollment capacity of 30 participants. All short course evaluations indicated above average rating and high participant satisfaction.

31

• Finite Element Modeling of Deformation of Volcanoes, May 21-23, instructors: Kurt Feigl, University of Wisconsin-Madison and Tim Masterlark, South Dakota School of Mines

• InSAR Processing and Theory with GMTSAR, June 26-28, David Sandwell and Xiaopeng Tong, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Rob Mellors, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, and Scott Baker, UNAVCO

• GPS Data Processing and Analysis with GAMIT/GLOBK/TRACK, July 8-12, Tom Herring, Bob King and Mike Floyd, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

• InSAR: An introduction to processing and applications using ROI_pac and GIAnT, Eric Fielding, Jet Propulsion Laboratory/Caltech, Walter Szeliga, Central Washington University, Piyush Shanker Agram, Jet Propulsion Laboratory/Caltech, Scott Baker, UNAVCO

Educations Materials Development and Dissemination UNAVCO provided expert support to the EarthScope National Office in the September 2013 Workshop for Interpretive Professionals held at the Schoodic Education and Research Center Institute in Acadia National Park, Maine (Figure 14). During the three-day workshop, ECE staff helped to facilitate the workshop and provide expert instruction to 26 park and museum interpreters from the northeastern United States on science supported by Plate Boundary Observatory data, data analysis and products available at UNAVCO, and education resources using PBO data that participants can use in their teaching settings.

32

Figure 14. Workshop participants learn about the geology of Acadia National Park, interpretive techniques, and EarthScope scientific results. Workforce development Initiatives UNAVCO is committed to broadening participation in geosciences through workforce development initiatives ranging from undergraduate students through early career professionals. Research Experiences in Solid Earth Sciences for Students (RESESS) is a summer internship program dedicated to increasing the diversity of undergraduate students entering the geosciences. Core RESESS support is provided through a National Science Foundation GEO-OEDG 0917474 grant. UNAVCO provides funding for staff management support and through business support services. Eleven undergraduate students participated in the 2013 RESESS cohort including 4 returning interns (Figure 15). The interns hailed from 11 different educational institutions, and the 9 Boulder-based interns worked with faculty from the University of Colorado, Boulder and UNAVCO. The summer program concluded with presentation of research in an oral colloquium and poster session, held at the UCAR Center Green campus in Boulder The UNAVCO Workforce Development program continued in September with attendance at the National Association of Black Geoscientists Annual Conference in Houston, Texas and to Atlanta, GA to two Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs), Fort Valley State University and Spelman College. UNAVCO staff met with potential interns, collaborators, and sponsors, and strengthened relationships with the community.

Communications of Community Science and Support Community science and UNAVCO research support is communicated through science snapshots, program highlights and social media. Geodetic science snapshots are posted on the UNAVCO website and summarize community science results (http://www.unavco.org/science/snapshots/snapshots.html). Program highlights summarize UNAVCO activities in support of the UNAVCO/geodetic community and are available at http://www.unavco.org/highlights/highlights.html. Focused social media communications through the UNAVCO Twitter account and a structured communications plan with the UNAVCO Facebook page have increased community participation in dissemination of science and program activities. On Facebook, UNAVCO continued a series called “What is Geodesy Anyway?” in conjunction with the NOAA National Ocean Service Communications and Education Division.

Figure 15. RESESS, interns presenting their summer research at the end of summer poster session.

33

Figure 15. Screen shot of the UNAVCO video, posted on our YouTube channel and available on the UNAVCO website. A short video about UNAVCO was produced to tell the story of what UNAVCO is, what UNAVCO does, and why UNAVCO does it best. The video presents a big-picture story of what UNAVCO has to offer the geosciences community and how the work benefits society as a whole. The video broadly represented the UNAVCO community and includes fieldwork and interviews with staff and community researchers. The video is available on the UNAVCO YouTube channel (http://www.youtube.com/user/unavcovideos, Figure 15). The UNAVCO YouTube Channel also hosts six science research seminars given at the UNAVCO facility in Boulder by members of the greater Earth science community.

34

Appendix I. PI Permanent Stations Supported by UNAVCO Network Name or Location Principal Investigator No.

Stations Level of Effort

Funding Source

Afar Eric Calais, Purdue 16 high NSF-EAR: Geophysics

AfricaArry Andy Nylade, PSU 23 high NSF-EAR: Geophysics

Arenal Volcano Andrew Newman, Georgia Tech 2 high NSF-EAR: Geophysics

Calabria Michael Steckler, LDEO 5 high NSF-EAR: IF CALIPSO Glen Mattioli, U of Arkansas 6 high NSF-EAR: IF

CAP Andes Mike Bevis, OSU 53 high NSF-EAR RAPID Caribbean Hurricane Prediction &

Geodetic Network John Braun, UCAR 10 high NSF-ATM/EAR:

IF COCONet John Braun, UCAR 48 high NSF-EAR: IF

Colorado Plateau Corné Kreemer, UNR 35 high NSF-EAR: EarthScope

Costa Rica - Nicoya Tim Dixon, U. Miami 24 high NSF-EAR: Tectonics

Galapagos Dennis Geist, U. Idaho 10 high NSF-EAR-PET&GEOCHEM

GPS Soil Moisture Kristine Larson, CU 13 high NSF-EAR: IF Haiti Eric Calais, Purdue 4 high NSF-RAPID

HoustonNet Bob Wang, University of Houston

13 high NSF-EAR: IF

Las Vegas Geoff Blewitt, UNR 2 high NSF-EAR: Hydrology

Mediterranean Rob Reilinger, MIT 15 high NSF-EAR: Tectonics

Mid America/New Madrid Bob Smalley, U. Memphis 13 high NSF-EAR: IF Northwest Mexico Rick Bennett, U. of AZ 2 high NSF-EAR:

Tectonics Pakistan Roger Bilham, CU 5 high NSF-EAR

Tectonics Panama Peter LaFemina, Penn 2 high NSF-EAR

CAREER Peatland Minnesota Paul Glaser, U. of Minn. 14 high NSF Geoscience

Directorate, Carbon & Water

in the Earth System Program, interdisciplinary EAR, ATM and

OCE

Puerto Rico Guoquan Wang, U of Puerto Rico

8 high NSF-EAR MRI

RAPID-Mineral Seth Stien, NW 2 high NSF-RAPID

35

Rio Grande Rift Anne Sheehan, CU 26 high NSF-EAR: EarthScope

Telica Volcano Peter LaFemina, Penn 2 high NSF-EAR: Petrology and Geochemistry

Alaska Jeff Freymueller, UAF 8 med NSF-EAR Andaman Islands John Paul, MSU 5 med NSF-EAR:

Geophysics Azerbaijan Continuous Rob Reilinger, MIT 2 med NSF-EAR:

Geophysics Bangladesh Michael Steckler, LDEO 14 med NSF-EAR:

Tectonics BARGEN Brian Wernicke, Caltech 3 med NSF-EAR

Central Asia Tom Herring, MIT 6 med NSF-EAR: CD Central Iceland Rick Bennett, U. of AZ 14 med NSF-EAR:

Geophysics CORS Giovanni Sella, NOAA/NGS 7 med NOAA/NGS

Denali Fault Jeff Freymueller, UAF 2 med NSF-EAR: Geophysics

E. Med and Red Sea Continuous Rob Reilinger, MIT 2 med NSF-EAR: Geophysics

Ecuador Peter LaFemina, Penn 1 med Community Other El Salvador Chuck DeMets, UW-Madison 4 med NSF-EAR:

Geophysics Ethiopia Tectonics Roger Bilham, CU 12 med NSF-EAR

Tectonics GULFNET Roy Dokka, LSU 16 med NSF-EAR: IF

Hawaii Asta Miklius, HVO, Paul Segall, Stanford

38 med Community USGS

Jalisco, Mexico Chuck DeMets, UW-Madison 6 med NSF-EAR: Geophysics

Mauna Loa Ben Brooks, University of Hawaii

22 med NSF-EAR: Geophysics

Oaxaca, Mexico Chuck DeMets, UW-Madison 6 med NSF-EAR: Geophysics

PLUTONS Matt Pritchard, Cornell Univ 6 med NSF-EAR: Continental Dynamics

Southeast Alaska Jeff Freymueller, UAF 6 med NSF-EAR: Geophysics

Southeast Montana Becky Bendick, U of Montana 8 med NSF-EAR: Geophysics

Tajik-Kyrgyz-Pamir Becky Bendick, U of Montana 4 med NSF-EAR Tanzania Eric Calais, Purdue 2 med NSF-EAR

Tectonics

36

Uganda Eric Calais, Purdue 2 med NSF-EAR: Geophysics

Malawi Rifting Donna Shillington, Columbia University

6 medium NSF-EAR: Continental Dynamics

Akutan Volcano Tom Murray, USGS 4 low Community USGS

Alaska Volcano Observatory AVO 5 low USGS Bhutan Roger Bilham, CU 2 low NSF-EAR

Caltech Andes John Galetzka, CalTech 25 low NSF-EAR Caltech Nepal John Galetzka, CalTech 22 low NSF-EAR

Dead Sea Continuous Rob Reilinger, MIT 4 low NSF-EAR Tectonics

DIVE Tim Melbourne, CWU 1 low Community NASA

EBRY Bob Smith, U. Utah 6 low Community USGS

Eritrea Rob Reilinger, MIT 3 low NSF-EAR Tectonics

Idaho National Laboratory Suzette Payne, INL 15 low Community INEL Mt. Spur Jeff Freymueller, UAF 4 low Community UAF

Okmok Volcano Jeff Freymueller, UAF 4 low Community USGS

Redoubt Volcano John Paskievitch, USGS 3 low Community USGS

SAGE, New Zealand Peter Molnar, CU 16 low NSF-EAR: Tectonics

Santorini, Greece Andrew Newman, Georgia Tech 6 high NSF-EAR: NSF Geophysics

Socorro Andrew Newman, Georgia Tech 2 low Community Georgia Tech

SuomiNet-A Various ATM PIs 29 low NSF-ATM SuomiNet-G (Geodetic) Various EAR/ATM PIs 19 low NSF-ATM

Tajik-Kyrgyz Pamir

Rob Reilinger, MIT 4 low NSF-EAR Tectonics

UNAM Vladimir Kostoglodov, UNAM 1 low Community Other

37

Appendix II. PI Projects Supported by UNAVCO this Period Project Name PI PI Institution Support Type Funding Source

Harvard Forest reflection study 2013 Kristine Larson

University of Colorado, Boulder

Equipment Configuration/Integration, PS/GNSS (Raw, RINEX),GPS/GNSS (Campaign, RTK) Equip NSF-AGS

Surficial Laser Scanning of Lloyd George Ice field Douglas Clark

Western Washington Univ.

Technical, Field Support, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) Equip, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) NSF-AGS

PLUTONS Campaign Survey 2014 Matt Pritchard Cornell University

GPS/GNSS (Campaign, RTK) Equip

NSF-EAR: Continental Dynamics

Big Island Geodetic Infrastructure Upgrade 2012-2015 James Foster University of Hawaii

GPS/GNSS (Campaign, RTK) Equip, PS/GNSS (Raw, RINEX)

NSF-EAR: Earth Sciences: Instrumentation and Facilities

Big Island Geodetic Upgrade - Installation 2013 James Foster University of Hawaii

Equipment Testing, GPS/GNSS (Campaign, RTK) Equip, PS/GNSS (Raw, RINEX)

NSF-EAR: Earth Sciences: Instrumentation and Facilities

Bock NetR9 loan 2013 Yehuda Bock

Scripps Institution of Oceanography

GPS/GNSS (Campaign, RTK) Equip

NSF-EAR: Earth Sciences: Instrumentation and Facilities

Continental Scale Soil Moisture Receiver loan 2012 Kristine Larson

University of Colorado, Boulder

Technical, Technical Planning and Support, Equipment Configuration/Integration, PS/GNSS (Campaign, RTK) Equip

NSF-EAR: Earth Sciences: Instrumentation and Facilities

Maintenance of Niwot Ridge 2013 Kristine Larson

University of Colorado, Boulder Station Maintenance

NSF-EAR: Earth Sciences: Instrumentation and Facilities

TLS GSA '12 TLS Short Course Chris Crosby UNAVCO

Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) Equip, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS),Workshop and Short Course Planning and Coordination

NSF-EAR: Earth Sciences: Instrumentation and Facilities

5 Hz PBO GPS Data 2013-03-11 Anza EQ

Kenneth W. Hudnut USGS High-rate GPS/GNSS

NSF-EAR: EarthScope

ANZA Array of Point Arrays

Charles Langston

CERI University of Memphis

Technical, Broader Impacts

NSF-EAR: EarthScope

EarthScope Colorado Plateau AZ Campaign 2012 Rick Bennett University of Arizona

GPS/GNSS (Campaign, RTK) Equip

NSF-EAR: EarthScope

38

EarthScope Colorado Plateau Receiver Upgrades 2013 Rick Bennett University of Arizona

Equipment Configuration/Integration, PS/GNSS (Campaign, RTK) Equip, PS/GNSS (Raw, RINEX)

NSF-EAR: EarthScope

GPS L5 testing 2013 Dennis Akos CU Boulder

GPS/GNSS (Campaign, RTK) Equip

NSF-EAR: EarthScope

Mono-Inyo Real-Time GPS

Michael Lisowski

U.S. Geological Survey Real-time GPS/GNSS

NSF-EAR: EarthScope

New PA Permanent station 2013 Karl Feaux UNAVCO

GPS/GNSS (Campaign, RTK) Equip

NSF-EAR: EarthScope

Fourmile Fire 2012 Greg Tucker University of Colorado

GPS/GNSS (Campaign, RTK) Equip, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS)

NSF-EAR: Geomorphology and Land Use Dynamics

Glaciers, Erosion, and Climate Change in the Himalaya Mountains Bernard Hallet UNKNOWN

GPS/GNSS (Campaign, RTK) Equip

NSF-EAR: Geomorphology and Land Use Dynamics

Glaciers, Erosion, and Climate Change in the Himalaya Mountains 2013 Bernard Hallet UNKNOWN

GPS/GNSS (Campaign, RTK) Equip

NSF-EAR: Geomorphology and Land Use Dynamics

Kennicott Glacier project 2013

Robert Anderson University of Colorado

GPS/GNSS (Campaign, RTK) Equip

NSF-EAR: Geomorphology and Land Use Dynamics

Mega-Gullies Initiation and Evolution Francis Renger

Geomorphology Department of Geological Sciences

Field Support, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) Equip, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS)

NSF-EAR: Geomorphology and Land Use Dynamics

TLS Icy Debris Fans, NZ AK, 2013 Craig Kochel Bucknell

Technical, Technical Planning and Support, Data Communications Planning, Equipment Configuration/Integration, Field Support, Data processing, PSGPS/GNSS (Campaign, RTK) Equip, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) Equip, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS)

NSF-EAR: Geomorphology and Land Use Dynamics

TLS LiDAR erosion vs. deposition experiment Greg Tucker University of Colorado

Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) Equip, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS)

NSF-EAR: Geomorphology and Land Use Dynamics

TLS RAPID Initial Response of Steppool Streams to Wildfire Anne Chin Univ Colorado Denver

Technical, Technical Planning and Support, Field Support, Data Processing, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) Equip, Terrestrial Laser

NSF-EAR: Geomorphology and Land Use Dynamics

39

Scanning (TLS)

TLS Short-and Long-term Sediment Dynamics Following Wildfire in Chaparral Environments Joan Florsheim

ERI, UC Santa Barbara

Technical, Technical Planning and Support, Field Support, Data Processing

NSF-EAR: Geomorphology and Land Use Dynamics

TLS W. Bijou Creek, April '13 Greg Tucker University of Colorado

Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) Equip, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS)

NSF-EAR: Geomorphology and Land Use Dynamics

TLS W. Bijou Creek, June '13 Greg Tucker University of Colorado

Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) Equip, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS)

NSF-EAR: Geomorphology and Land Use Dynamics

TLS Wetland-stream restoration experiment

Dorothy Merritts

Franklin & Marshall College

Technical, Field Support, Data Processing, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) Equip, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS)

NSF-EAR: Geomorphology and Land Use Dynamics

Dynamics of the Eastern Mediterranean rcer for Jeddah, KSA (JEDD) 2012-2014

Robert Reilinger MIT

GPS/GNSS (Campaign, RTK) Equip

NSF-EAR: Geophysics

E MARMARA GPS NETWORK ANTENNA REPLACEMENT

Robert Reilinger MIT

GPS/GNSS (Campaign, RTK) Equip

NSF-EAR: Geophysics

Iceland 2013 Peter LaFemina The Pennsylvania State University

GPS/GNSS (Campaign, RTK) Equip

NSF-EAR: Geophysics

KETAMA CGPS STATION

Robert Reilinger MIT

GPS/GNSS (Campaign, RTK) Equip

NSF-EAR: Geophysics

Mauna Loa 2013 Benjamin Brooks University of Hawaii

GPS/GNSS (Campaign, RTK) Equip

NSF-EAR: Geophysics

Mexico GPS Diplomatic Pouch shipment 2013 Chuck DeMets

University of Wisconsin at Madison Other

NSF-EAR: Geophysics

PRINCES ISLANDS CGPS STATIONS

Robert Reilinger MIT

GPS/GNSS (Campaign, RTK) Equip

NSF-EAR: Geophysics

Project title Borehole Array of Strainmeters complementing the Alto Tiberina low angle normal fault Rick Bennett University of Arizona

Technical, Technical Planning and Support

NSF-EAR: Geophysics

40

Observatories (BASATO)

RAPID Nicoya Earthquake After event Response (NEAR) 2012

Andrew Newman Georgia Tech

Technical, Technical Planning and Support, Field Support, Station Maintenance, PS/GNSS (Campaign, RTK) Equip, PS/GNSS (Raw, RINEX)

NSF-EAR: Geophysics

RTK training for UH Geophysics Field Camp Guoquan Wang University of Houston

Field Support, Training, GPS/GNSS (Campaign, RTK) Equip

NSF-EAR: Geophysics

TLS Education During 2013 SEG meeting Guoquan Wang University of Houston

Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) Equip, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS)

NSF-EAR: Geophysics

TLS UH Geophysics Summer Field Camp Guoquan Wang University of Houston

GPS/GNSS (Campaign, RTK) Equip, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) Equip, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS), Curriculum Development

NSF-EAR: Geophysics

Venezuela GPS Project eGPS loan 2012-2013 Roger Bilham University of Colorado

GPS/GNSS (Campaign, RTK) Equip

NSF-EAR: Geophysics

Viscoelastic relaxation from the 2013 Mw 8.3 Sea of Okhotsk earthquake Mikhail Kogan Columbia University Station Maintenance

NSF-EAR: Geophysics

CZO-Betasso geophysics Anne Sheehan University of Colorado

Training, PS/GNSS (Campaign, RTK) Equip

NSF-EAR: Hydrologic Sciences

Telica Volcano 2013 Peter LaFemina

The Pennsylvania State University

Data Communications Planning, Equipment Configuration/Integration, Equipment Purchase, Field Support, Station Data Retrieval and Management, Station Installation, Station Maintenance, PS/GNSS (Campaign, RTK) Equip

NSF-EAR: Petrology and Geochemistry

Collaborative Research Unlocking secrets of Earth's largest sand sea Paleoenvironmental records of the Lower Jurassic Navajo Sandstone, Colorado Plateau, USA 2014 Marjorie Chan University of Utah

Broader Impacts, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) Equip, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS), GPS/GNSS (Campaign, RTK) Equip

NSF-EAR: Sedimentary Geology and Paleobiology

41

Adirondacks 2013-2015 Julie Elliott Cornell University

Equipment Purchase, Field Support, Station Installation, PS/GNSS (Campaign, RTK) Equip

NSF-EAR: Tectonics

Bolivia sub Andes 2013

Benjamin Brooks University of Hawaii

Field Support, PS/GNSS (Campaign, RTK) Equip

NSF-EAR: Tectonics

Eurasia rigidity Rick Bennett University of Arizona

Broader Impacts, GPS Time Series and Velocities, Proposal Broader Impacts Development

NSF-EAR: Tectonics

Georgia 2013 Trans-Caucasus survey 2013

Robert Reilinger MIT

GPS/GNSS (Campaign, RTK) Equip

NSF-EAR: Tectonics

Haiti Post seismic 2013 Eric Calais Purdue University Station Maintenance

NSF-EAR: Tectonics

Kinematics of Northwestern South America 2014-2017 Peter LaFemina

The Pennsylvania State University

GPS/GNSS (Campaign, RTK) Equip, PS/GNSS (Raw, RINEX), GPS Time Series and Velocities, Research Student Internship (RESESS)

NSF-EAR: Tectonics

PollinoGPS 2014-2016

Michael Steckler

Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University

Technical, Equipment Configuration/Integration, Station Maintenance, PS/GNSS (Raw, RINEX)

NSF-EAR: Tectonics

Sub-arctic tectonic geomorphology of the Denali fault restraining bend at Mount McKinley Sean Bemis

University of Kentucky

Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) Equip, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS)

NSF-EAR: Tectonics

TLS survey of the Trinity Peridotite 2014 Jessica Warren Stanford University

Field Support, Training, Data Processing, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) Equip, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS), Curriculum Development, GPS/GNSS (Campaign, RTK) Equip

NSF-EAR: Tectonics

Workshop on Quantification of Seismic Hazards in the Indo/Asian Collision Zone Roger Bilham University of Colorado

Training, Workshop and Short Course Planning and Coordination, Other

NSF-EAR: Tectonics

TLS MRI Proposal SFSU 2013

Leonhard Blesius

San Francisco State University

Technical, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) NSF-MRI

BanglaPIRE replacement receiver 2013

Michael Steckler

Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University

Technical, Equipment Testing, Station Maintenance, PS/GNSS (Campaign, RTK) Equip NSF-OISE

42

Alaska Range Ice Core Project -2013 Erich Osterberg Dartmouth College

Field Support, Data Processing, PS/GNSS (Campaign, RTK) Equip, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) Equip, PS/GNSS (Raw, RINEX), Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) NSF-Other

Glacial Termination in Southern Middle Latitudes George Denton University of Maine

Technical, Data Processing, PS/GNSS (Campaign, RTK) Equip NSF-Other

Mapping Gobero A Green Sahara Archaeological Site 2012

Christopher Stojanowski ASU

Broader/GNSS (Campaign, RTK) Equip, Proposal Broader Impacts Development NSF-Other

Monitoring Surface Change on Debris-Covered Glaciers, Volc‡n Chimborazo, Ecuador 2012-2013

Jeff La Frenierre UNKNOWN

Training, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) Equip, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) NSF-Other

Nicaragua 2013-2014

Halldor Geirsson

Penn State Geosciences

GPS/GNSS (Campaign, RTK) Equip NSF-Other

RTK-DEM 2012 Kristine Larson University of Colorado, Boulder

GPS/GNSS (Campaign, RTK) Equip NSF-Other

TLS - Borrow Leica TLS targets Adrian Harpold

Institute for Artic and Alpine Research

Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) Equip, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) NSF-Other

TLS - Investigating Snowpack Response to Forest Disturbance Using TLS Adrian Harpold

Institute for Artic and Alpine Research

Equipment Configuration/Integration, Field Support, Data Processing, PS/GNSS (Campaign, RTK) Equip, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) Equip, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) NSF-Other

TLS data collection at CZO sites Adrian Harpold

Institute for Artic and Alpine Research

Technical, Technical Planning and Support, Field Support, PS/GNSS (Campaign, RTK) Equip, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) Equip, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) NSF-Other

TLS Time-Series of EMC Rupture - Year 3 Micahael Oskin UNKNOWN

Field Support, PS/GNSS (Campaign, RTK) Equip, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) Equip, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) NSF-Other

43

UAV Glacier Mapping, Cordillera Blanca, Peru Bryan Mark

Ohio State University Department of Geography

Data Communications Planning, Equipment Configuration/Integration, PS/GNSS (Campaign, RTK) Equip, Real-time GPS/GNSS NSF-Other

Wolford LiDAR 2nd Scan Ben Lowry

Colorado School of Mines

Field Support, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) Equip, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) NSF-Other

Technical, Broader Impacts, GPS/GNSS (Campaign, RTK) Equip, Other NSF-Other

Comprehensive Assessment of Ice Sheet Contributions to Sea Level Based on Integrated Remote Sensing Observations

Theodore A. Scambos University of Colorado

Data Processing, PS/GNSS (Campaign, RTK) Equip, PS/GNSS Data Processing Service

NASA-Cryospheric Science

Soft Sediment Deformation and Injectites in the Jurassic Carmel Formation 2013 Marjorie Chan UNKNOWN

Training, Data Processing, PS/GNSS (Campaign, RTK) Equip NASA-Other

Soft Sediment Deformation and Injectites in the Jurassic Carmel Formation, Southern Utah 2012 Marjorie Chan UNKNOWN

Training, Data Processing, PS/GNSS (Campaign, RTK) Equip NASA-Other

Trinidad GPS 2013 John Weber Grand Valley State University

Data Processing, Curriculum Development NASA-Other

Airborne imaging of water level and inundation extent in high-latitude hydrologic systems to address SWOT mission science and validation goals

Tamlin Pavelsky

University of North Carolina

Data Processing, PS/GNSS (Campaign, RTK) Equip, PS/GNSS Data Processing Service NASA-ROSES

Mexico diplomatic pouch Shimon Wdowinski 2013

Shimon Wdowinski University of Miami

Technical, Technical Planning and Support NASA-ROSES

TLS - Snowmelt and soil moisture variability

Steven Fassnacht CSU

Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) Equip, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS), GPS/GNSS (Campaign, RTK) Equip NASA-ROSES

44

TLS Alaska Team LiDAR Vierling Lee Vierling University of Idaho

Technical,Training, Data Processing, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) Equip, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS),Real-time GPS/GNSS,GPS/GNSS Data Processing Service NASA-ROSES

Change in Bonner's Ferry CORS (P025) Logging Rate Paul Kinzel

U.S. Geological Survey

Station Data Retrieval and Management,High-rate GPS/GNSS

Other Federal Agency

Expanded Real-Time PBO Data Access in Northern California

Multiple PIs: see Project Description see text Various Real-time GPS/GNSS

Other Federal Agency

GAMA receiver loan 2013 Robert Smalley

University of Memphis

GPS/GNSS (Campaign, RTK) Equip, PS/GNSS (Raw, RINEX)

Other Federal Agency

GLONASS SNR Zero Baseline Test John Braun UCAR/COSMIC

Technical, Equipment Testing, Other

Other Federal Agency

Puerto Rico Crustal Deformation and Real-Time monitoring Alberto Lopez

University of Puerto Rico - Mayaguez

GPS/GNSS (Raw, RINEX),Real-time GPS/GNSS

Other Federal Agency

TLS - Earthquake Hazard Assessment of the Yakima Fold and Thrust Belt Lydia Staisch

University of Michigan

Technical, Technical Planning and Support, Field Support, Data Processing, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) Equip, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS)

Other Federal Agency

TLS Analyzing canopy structure to model the radiation variability in CA savanna

Dennis Baldocchi

Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley

Data Processing, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) Equip, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS),GPS/GNSS (Campaign, RTK) Equip

Other Federal Agency

TLS Flume Experiments at USGS Laboratory Paul Kinzel

U.S. Geological Survey

Technical, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) Equip, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS)

Other Federal Agency

USGS ESC LiDAR for N. CA Earthquake Hazards Steve DeLong University of Arizona

Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) Equip, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS)

Other Federal Agency

Yakima 2013 Rob McCaffrey Portland State University

GPS/GNSS (Campaign, RTK) Equip

Other Federal Agency

Antarctic Barcode Scanner 2013 N / A UNKNOWN Equipment Testing University Funds CAP Bolivia 2012-2013

Dana Caccamise Ohio State University Other University Funds

CU GEOL 4714 2012 Craig H. Jones University of Colorado

GPS/GNSS (Campaign, RTK) Equip University Funds

CU GEOL4714 Craig H. Jones University of Colorado GPS/GNSS (Campaign, RTK) Equip University Funds

45

DAHLSWD Austin Holland OGS/ Univ. of Oklahoma

GPS/GNSS (Campaign, RTK) Equip University Funds

Indiana University Sierra Nevada Field Course 2103

Michael Hamburger Indiana University

Technical, Technical Planning and Support, PS/GNSS (Campaign, RTK) Equip University Funds

Linked GPR and LiDAR Snow Field Survey

Steven Anderson

University of Northern Colorado

Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) Equip, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) University Funds

SIO5 Upgrade Yehuda Bock Scripps Institution of Oceanography

Station Installation, Station Maintenance University Funds

Summer 2013 Saugatuck Dune Survey John Weber

Grand Valley State University

GPS/GNSS (Campaign, RTK) Equip University Funds

TLS Field Camp Survey of the Hilton Creek Fault for UCSC/UC Davis Field Camp Noah Finnegan UC Santa Cruz

Technical, Technical Planning and Support, Field Support, Data Processing, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) Equip, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS),GPS/GNSS (Campaign, RTK) Equip University Funds

TLS Integration of TLS within G429, a Traditional Field Course Bruce Douglas UNKNOWN

Field Support, PS/GNSS (Campaign, RTK) Equip, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) Equip, PS Time Series and Velocities,Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS),Curriculum Development University Funds

TLS J-fold Anticline, southwest Montana James Wallace Indiana University

Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) Equip, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) University Funds

TLS Terrestrial laser scanning for teaching neotectonics in the field Rio Grande rift, southern NM Reed Burgette

Geological Sciences, NMSU

Technical, Technical Planning and Support, Data Processing, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) Equip, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS),GPS/GNSS (Campaign, RTK) Equip University Funds

USF Geophysics Field Camp 2013

Rocco Malservisi

University of South Florida

GPS/GNSS (Campaign, RTK) Equip University Funds

Volcanic Mapping of Ice Springs Field, Black Rock Desert, Utah Shelley Judge

The College of Wooster

Technical, Equipment Purchase, Training, Data Processing, GPS/GNSS (Campaign, RTK) Equip University Funds

GPS Loan 2013 Nick Rosser Durham University GPS/GNSS (Campaign, RTK) Equip Foreign

46

KNMI-CARIB 2013 - COCONet expansion

Reinoud Sleeman KNMI

Equipment Purchase, Station Installation, Data Processing, PS/GNSS Data Processing Service Foreign

Telica volcano, Nicaragua 2013 Peter LaFemina

The Pennsylvania State University Equipment Purchase Foreign

TLS of a coastal cave, Ache Province Characterizing the 2004 Andaman-Aceh Tsunami Charlie Rubin EOS

Field Support, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) Equip, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) Foreign