uhy; toq;fg;gl;lj - home - educationtn.com · learn/teach english -active voice and possive voice 4...

LEARN/TEACH ENGLISH -ACTIVE VOICE AND POSSIVE VOICE

1 | P a g e PREPARED BY

S.SARAVANAN, M.Sc., B.Ed., PGDCA.,

BRTE, ARANTHANGI. CELL:9787619010

ENGLISH GRAMMER ACTIVE VOICE AND POSSIVE VOICE

Active Voice and Passive Voice

Read the following sentences and analyse the difference.

The team leader presented the report.

.

The report was presented by the team leader.

இ uhy; toq;fg;gl;lJ.

In the first sentence, the verb shows that the subject is the doer of

the action. Therefore, the sentence is in active voice.

,

. , active voice .

In the second sentence, the verb shows that the subject is not the

doer of the action. Therefore, the sentence is in passive voice.

இ ,

. , passive voice .

Note:

In the active voice, the subject performs the action.

.

In the passive voice , the subject receives the action.

.

We use the Passive voice when -

� the focus is on the action rather than the doer of the action.

.





(e.g.) About 50 per cent of the graduates are employed in IT related

sectors.

( . .) 50

.

� we do not know who the doer is. .

(e.g.) My bike was stolen yesterday.

( . .) .

� we talk of a system or a process.

.

(e.g.) The vegetables are washed well. Then, they are cut into cubes.

( . .) . ,

fdrJukhf .

� we write newspaper headlines and notices at public places. (‘be’ verb

is omitted as the language has to be concise)

. (‘be’ r; nrhw;fs;

)

(e.g.) 20 sportsmen felicitated by PM. ( . .) 20 .

� we describe changes that have taken place. .

Our school looks completely different . The whole place has been

painted. . இ

.





NOTE:

When we give importance to what people and things do, we use active

verb forms. When we give importance to what happens to people and

things, we often use passive verb forms.

,

.

,

.

Steps for changing Active Voice into Passive Voice:

1. Split the sentence into Subject + Verb + Object.

2. The Object in the Active Voice becomes the Subject in the passive voice.

3. Auxiliary Verb should be used.

4. Past Participle of the verb should be used.

5. Preposition “by” must be used.

6. The Subject in the Active Voice becomes the Object in the Passive Voice.

7. Pronouns in the Active Voice should be changed.

Pronouns – Changing Active Voice into Passive Voice:

ACTIVE VOICE PASSIVE VOICE

I Me

We Us

You You

He Him

She Her

It It

They Them

Noun as the same(NILA) Noun as the same(NILA)





Both Active Voice and Passive Voice Form – Tenses:

Active Voice Passive Voice

SUBJECT⟺OBJECT

1. Simple Present Tense subject + [V1] + object/A/C

am/is/are + Past Participle (V3)

2. Simple Past Tense subject + [V2] + object/A/C

was/were + Past Participle (V3)

3. Simple Future Tense subject +[shall/will + V1] +O/A/C

shall be/will be + Past Participle

(V3) 4. Present Perfect Tense subject + [have/has + V3] + O/A/C

has/have + been + Past

Participle (V3) 5. Past Perfect Tense subject + [had + V3] + O/A/C

had + been + Past Participle (V3)

6. Future Perfect Tense subject + [shall/will + have + V3] +

O/A/C

shall have/will have + been +

Past Participle (V3)

7. Present Continuous Tense subject + [am/is/are + V1 + ing] +

O/A/C

am/is/are + being + Past

Participle (V3)

8. Past Continuous Tense subject + [was/were + V1 + ing] +

O/A/C

was/were + being + Past

Participle (V3)

No Passive Form – Tenses:

1. Future Continuous Tense

2. Present Perfect Continuous Tense

3. Past Perfect Continuous Tense

4. Future Perfect Continuous Tense





SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

1) I eat a mango. .

A mango is eaten by me. .

2) We write a letter. .

A letter is written by us. . 3) Mala sings songs. .

Songs are sung by Mala. thy; ghlg;gLfpwJ. 4) Hari opens the door. .

The door is opened by Hari. .

5) He likes this story very much. இ .

This story is liked by him very much. இ hy; .

6) She eats some apples very interesting.

.

Some apples are eaten by her very interesting.

. 7)The government prohibits arrack from the village side.

Arrack is prohibited by the government in the village side.

8) The dog chews the shoe. . The shoe is chewed by the dog \{ ehahy; nkd;W jpd;dg;gLfpwJ. 9) Some apples are brought by me today evening (PV) இ . I bring some apples today evening (AV) இ .





10) Many sweets are given by our friend in a party (PV)

இ . Our friend gives many sweets in a party (AV)

இ . 11) Newspapers are read by us in the Library (PV)

. We read newspapers in the Library (AV)

SIMPLE PAST TENSE

1) My sister ate an apple.

.

An apple was eaten by my sister.

.

2) The hunter killed the lion.

.

The lion was killed by the hunter.

.

3) They ate fruits.

.

Fruits were eaten by them.

.

4) Kala watched a movie.

.

A movie was watched by Kala.

thy; ghu;f;fg;gl;lJ.





SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE

1) He will speak English.

.

English will be spoken by him.

.

2) We shall sell the flowers.

.

The flowers will be sold by us.

.

3) Aruna will write an exam.

.

An exam will be written by Aruna.

thy; vOjg;gLk;.

4) He will finish the construction very quickly.

.

The construction will be finished by him very quickly.

.

5) This news will be published by the authors (PV)

இ

The authors will publish this news (AV)

இ .

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

1) The lion is eating a goat.

.

A goat is being eaten by the lion.

.





2) They are playing football.

.

Football is being played by them.

.

3) I am drawing a picture.

.

A picture is being drawn by me.

.

4) They are cutting the trees.

.

The trees are being cut by them.

.

5) The cat is chasing the mouse.

.

The mouse is being chased by the cat.

ahy; Juj;jg;gLfpwJ. 6) Varun is catching a fish.

.

A fish is being caught by Varun.

.

7) The farmers are harvesting the crops

The crops are being harvested by the farmers.

.

8) Raj is stitching a shirt.

.

A shirt is being stitched by Raj.

.





9) Gokul is operating the machine.

இ இ .

The machine is being operated by Gokul.

இ இ . 10) The students are playing football.

.

Football is being played by the students.

.

11) Suresh is teaching grammar to Chitra.

இ .

Grammar is being taught by Suresh to Chitra.

இ .

12) They are crossing the road.

.

The road is being crossed by them.

.

13) Roshan is creating a greeting card.

.

A greeting card is being created by Roshan.

dhy; cUthf;fg;gLfpwJ.

14) My grandma is advising me.

.

I am being advised by my grandma.

.

15) He is writing a long letter today evening.

இ

A long letter is being written by him today evening.

இ hy; g;gLfpwJ.





16) They are over hearing our conversation.

.

Our conversation is being over heard by them.

.

17) She is cleaning the vessels very clearly.

.

The vessels are being cleaned by her very clearly.

.

18)The cat is chasing the rat.

.

The rat is being chased by the cat.

.

19) This drama is being written by them very quickly (PV)

இ .

They are writing this drama very quickly (AV)

இ .

20) A function is being made by her very grand manner (PV)

She is making a function very grand manner (AV)

.

PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

1) I was singing a song.

.

A song was being sung by me.

.





2) They were listening the music.

இ .

The music was being listen by them.

இ .

3) The thieves were dividing the jewels.

.

The jewels were being divided by the thieves.

.

4) Nila was cutting the trees.

.

The trees were cut by Nila.

.

5) He was finishing the lessons already

The lessons were being finished by him already.

. 6) They were welcoming the reception in a grand manner.

.

The reception was being welcomed by them in a grand manner.

.

7. Some prizes were given by the wife of district collector to the

winners (PV)

ahy;

.

The wife of district collector gave some prizes to the winners (AV)

.





8. Arrack was prohibited by the government strictly (PV)

. The government prohibited arrack strictly (AV)

. 9. This book was being studied by him last monday (PV)

இ . He was studying this book last monday (AV)

இ

10. Many dramas were being seen by her continuously (PV)

.

She was seeing many dramas continuously. (AV)

.

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

1) I have drawn a picture.

.

A picture has been drawn by me.

.

2) Nila has sung a song. .

A song has been sung by Nila. .

3) They have drunk tea.

.

Tea has been drunk by them. .

4) Viswanathan Anand has played chess. .

Chess has been played by Viswanathan Anand. .





5) We have eaten idlies.

இ .

Idlies have been eaten by us.

இ .

6)My mom has made a cake

A cake has been made by my mom

7) I have finished this novel very interesting.

இ .

This novel has been finished by me very interesting.

இ .

8) This matter has been finished by me an hour ago (PV)

இ

.

I have finished this matter an hour ago (AV)

இ .

PAST PERFECT TENSE

1. He had closed the window.

.

The window had been closed by him.

.

2) They had destroyed the documents.

.

The documents had been destroyed by them.

.





3) We had played throw ball.

.

Throw ball had been played by us.

.

4) She had stole many jewels last night.

இ

Many Jewels had been stolen by her last night.

5) This sum had been done by her very quickly (PV)

இ . She had done this sum very quickly (AV)

இ .

FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

1. He will have written the test.

.

The test will have been written by him.

.

2) She will have bought a T.V.

. . . A T.V. Will have been bought by her.

. . .

3) They will have seen a movie.

.

A movie will have been seen by them.

.





DOUBLE OBJECT-Direct Object and Indirect Object

1. I gave him a pen.

.

A pen was given to him by me.

He was given a pen by me.

.

2. My uncle gave me a book.

.

A book was given to me by my uncle.

I was given a book by my uncle.

.

3. The Government awarded him a prize.

.

A prize was awarded to him by the Govt.

He was awarded a prize by the Govt.

murhy; .

DOUBLE SENTENCES

1. I purchased a pen. I shall use it for the examination.

.

.

A pen was purchased and it will be used for the exam by me.

, .

2. Arjun Bajpai scaled Mount.Everest and everyone honoured him.

.

T .





Mount Everest was scaled by Arjun Bajpai and he was honoured by

Everyone(all).

,

T .

3. Santa Claus gave sweets to all the children. They thanked him.

இ .

.

Sweets were given to all children by Santa Claus and he was thanked by

them.

இ

, fshy; .

4. The gardener gathered flowers from the garden and put them

in his basket.

.

Flowers were gathered from the garden and they were put in basket by

the gardener.

இ

.

5. Children enjoy cartoon serials very much and they watch these

programmes for a long time.

,

இ .

Cartoon serials are enjoyed very much and these programmes are

watched by Children for a long time.

, இ

shy; .





Imperatives in Passive

Let + object + be + past participle. (Positive)

(e.g.) Open the window. (Active)

Let the window be opened. (Passive)

( . .) . ( )

. ( )

Let + object + not + be + past participle. (Negative)

Do not pluck the flowers.(Active)

Let the flowers not be plucked(Passive)

. ( )

( )

Active

B. Convert the following active sentences into passive sentences by

supplying an appropriate passive verb form.

1. She will not recognize us. / We ____________ by her.

a. will not recognize b. will not being recognized c. will not be

recognized

2. They didn’t invite me, but I went anyway. / I ___ but I went anyway.

a. wasn't invited b. wasn't being invited c. wasn't inviting

3. They broke up the table for firewood. / The table ____________

up for firewood.

a. broke b. had broken c. was broken

4. She has won the first prize. / The first prize __________ by her.

a. has won b. has been won c. had been won

5. A friend of mine is repairing the car. / The car _______________

by a friend of mine.

a. is repairing b. is repaired c. is being repaired

6. Begin the work tomorrow. / Let the work ____________ tomorrow.

a. be begun b. begin c. is beginning

7. They speak English in New Zealand. / English _____ in New Zealand.

a. is speaking b. is spoken c. is being spoken





8. His attitude shocked me. / I _______________ by his attitude.

a. had shocked b. had been shocked c. was shocked

9. She had already sent the parcel. / The parcel _________ by her.

a. has already been sent b. had already been sent c. was already sent

10. Her silence worries me. / I _______________ her silence.

a. am worrying by b. am worried by c. have worried by

ANSWER:

1. She will not recognize us. .

We will not be recognized by her. .

2. They didn’t invite me, but I went anyway. , .

I wasn't invited but I went anyway. , .

3. They broke up the table for firewood. .

The table was broken up for firewood. .

4. She has won the first prize. .

The first prize has been won by her. .

5. A friend of mine is repairing the car. .

The car is being repaired by a friend of mine. .

6. Begin the work tomorrow. .





Let the work be begun tomorrow. .

7. They speak English in New Zealand. .

English is spoken in New Zealand. .

8. His attitude shocked me. .

I was shocked by his attitude. .

9. She had already sent the parcel. .

The parcel had already been sent by her. .

10. Her silence worries me.

I am worried by her silence. T .

T .

IX STD PAGE-161

C. Match the following Active voice sentences with Passive voice

1. I will never forget this

experience.

A novel has been written by her.

2. Mother made a cake

yesterday.

The deer was being chased by the

tiger.

3. Have you finished the report? A cake was made by mother yesterday.

4. The tiger was chasing the

deer.

Has the report been finished by you?

5. She has written a novel. This experience will never be

forgotten by me.





VII STD PAGE-120

F. Read the news report given below and underline the passive form

of verbs.

The police had announced that the State Bank of India was robbed

yesterday. Two men entered the bank at 4.30 pm with guns in their

hands. Customers and bank clerks were asked to lie down on the floor,

and one of the bank clerks was made to fill robbers’ bags with money.

After that the two men left the bank quickly. The police officer said

that more than one lakh of rupees was stolen from the bank but nobody

was injured. He also added that the robbers would be found soon.

இ

. இ 4.30

.

,

.

இ . இ

,

.

.

ANSWER:

The police had announced that the State Bank of India was robbed

yesterday. Two men entered the bank at 4.30 pm with guns in their

hands. Customers and bank clerks were asked to lie down on the floor,

and one of the bank clerks was made to fill robbers’ bags with money.

After that the two men left the bank quickly. The police officer said

that more than one lakh of rupees was stolen from the bank but

nobody was injured. He also added that the robbers would be found

soon.





H. Read the process of making soup. Use suitable passive form of

verbs and complete the paragraph.

STEP-1

Mix the soup powder with 750 ml of water without allowing it to form

lumps. 750

.

STEP-2

Pour the mixture into a heavy-bottomed vessel. .

STEP-3

Bring it to a boil, and stir it continuously. , .

STEP-4

Simmer the soup for five minutes. .

STEP-5

Transfer the soup into four soup bowls and serve garnished with fried

corns. ,

.

The packet is opened and the contents (i) __________ with 750 ml of

water, without allowing it to form lumps. The mixture (ii) __________

into a heavy-bottomed vessel. It (iii)_______ in low flame for five

minutes. The soup (iv) _________ into soup bowls and (v) __________

with fried corns.





The packet is opened and the contents be mixed with 750 ml of water,

without allowing it to form lumps. The mixture be poured into a heavy-

bottomed vessel. It be simmered in low flame for five minutes. The

soup be transferred into soup bowls and was garnished with fried

corns.

X STD PAGE-14

F. Change the following sentences to the other voice.

1. The manager appointed many office assistants.

2. You are making a cake now.

3. That portrait was painted by my grandmother.

4. Malini had bought a colourful hat for her daughter.

5. They have asked me to pay the fine.

6. The militants were being taken to prison by the police.

7. His behavior vexes me.

8. Rosy will solve the problem.

9. Our army has defeated the enemy.

10. The salesman answered all the questions patiently. 1. .

2. இ .

3. .

4.

.

5. .

6.

.

7. .

8. .

9. இ .

10.

.





ANSWER:

1. The manager │ appointed │ many office assistants. [AV & SVO]

Many office assistants were appointed by the manager. [PV]

2. You │ are making │ a cake │ now. [AV & SVOA]

A cake is being made by you now. [PV]

3. That portrait │ was painted │ by my grandmother. [PV & SVO]

My grandmother painted that portrait. [AV]

4. Malini │ had bought │ a colourful hat │ for her daughter. [AV &

SVOC]

A colourful hat had been bought for her daughter by Malini. [PV]

5. They │ have asked │me │ to pay the fine. [AV & SV IO DO]

I have been asked to pay the fine by them. [PV1]

The fine has been asked to pay by them. [PV2]

6. The militants │ were being taken │ to prison │ by the police. [PV &

SVOA]

The police was taking the militants to prison. [AV]

7. His behavior│ vexes │ me. [AV & SVO]

I am vexed by his behavior. [PV]

8. Rosy │ will solve │ the problem. [AV & SVO]

The problem will be solved by Rosy. [PV]

9. Our army │ has defeated │ the enemy. [AV & SVO]

The enemy has been defeated by our army.

10. The salesman │ answered │ all the questions │ patiently. [AV &

SVOA]

All the questions were answered by the salesman patiently. [PV]





Passive Voice – Request

In Active Voice, a request begins with 'Please'. In Passive Voice, we

should begin the sentence with ‘You are requested to’ in place of

'Please'.

If the request is in negative form, the request in passive voice should

begin with ‘You are requested not to’.

1. Please assemble in the ground. (Active)

. ( )

You are requested to assemble in the ground. (Passive)

. ( )

2. Please do not use mobile phones here. (Active)

இ .

( )

You are requested not to use mobile phones here. (Passive)

இ

. ( )

NOTE:

Active: Help me.

Passive: You are requested to help me.

Passive Voice – Advice

When we change an advice from active to passive voice, we should

begin the sentence with ‘You are advised to’. If the advice is in

negative form, it should begin with ‘You are advised not to’.

1. Work hard (Active) .( )

You are advised to work hard. (Passive)

. ( )





2. Do not eat junk food. (Active)

.

You are advised not to eat junk food. (Passive)

.

3. Don’t touch it. (Active) .

You are warned not to touch it. (Passive)

.

Similarly, you can also use the following for other imperatives.

You are instructed to … You are instructed not to …

You are ordered to … You are ordered not to

(Note: We can begin the passive sentence with you if we want to put

emphasis on the person addressed to.)

Passive Voice – Omitting the agent(Subject)

In the sentences beginning with someone/no one, omit the ‘agent’

(subject) in the passive voice.

1. Somebody has taken away my book. (Active)

.

My book has been taken away. (Passive)

nry;y .

2. No one has bought the tickets. (Active)

.

The tickets have not been bought. (Passive)

.

NOTE:

(Add ‘not’ to the verb for nobody, none, no one)





Passive Voice – Interrogatives

When sentences are changed to Passive, they begin with a verb (in

‘Yes/No’ questions) or with a question word followed by the verb (in

‘Wh’ questions).

a. Questions beginning with Auxiliary verbs

1. Did he write a letter? (Active)

?

Was a letter written by him? (Passive)

vOjg;gl;ljh?

2. Is he watching us? (Active)

?

Are we being watched by him? (Passive)

hy; fg;gL ?

b. Questions beginning with ‘wh’ words

1. Who will accept this? (Active)

இ ?

By whom will this be accepted? (Passive)

இ ?

2. Who has arranged this meeting? (Active)

இ ?

By whom has this meeting been arranged? (Passive)

இ ?

3. When will you finish the building? (Active)

?

When will the building be finished by you? (Passive)

?

(the agent ‘by you’ is optional)





4. How did they do this? (Active)

இ ?

How was this done by them? (Passive)

இ ?

(the agent ‘by them’ is optional)

Change the following into passive voice.

1. Stanley will inform you later.

.

2. People speak Portuguese in Brazil.

.

3. My grandfather built this house in 1943.

இ 1943 இ .

4. Do not hurt the animals.

.

5. You must not drop litter in the streets.

.

6. Carry it home.

.

7. They are decorating the wall.

.

8. He has already mended the T.V. set.

. . .

ANSWER:

1. Stanley │ will inform │ you │ later. [AV & SVOA]

You will be informed by Stanley later. [PV]





2. People │ speak │ Portuguese │ in Brazil. [AV & SVOA]

Portuguese is spoken by the people in Brazil. [PV]

3. My grandfather │ built │ this house │ in 1943. [AV & SVOA]

This house was built by my grandfather in 1943. [PV]

4. Do not hurt the animals. [AV & request]

You are requested not to hurt the animals.

5. You must not drop litter in the streets. [AV & order]

You are ordered not to drop litter in the streets.

6. Carry it home. [AV & advise]

You are advised to carry it home.

7. They are decorating the wall.

The wall is being decorated by them.

8. He has already mended the T.V. set.

The T.V. set has been already mended by him.

Change the following into Passive voice.

1. Please call him at once.

.

2. How did you cross the river?

?

3. No one is borrowing the novels from the library.

.

4. Will you help me?

?

5. Go for a jog early in the morning.

.

6. Why have you left your brother at home?

?





7. Nobody should violate the rules.

.

8. Someone has to initiate it immediately.

.

9. Have you invited Raman to the party?

?

10. Please do not walk on the grass.

.

11. Cross the busy roads carefully.

.

12. When will you book the tickets to Bengaluru?

?

ANSWER:

Change the following into Passive voice.

1. Please call him at once.

You are requested to call him at once.

2. How did you cross the river?

How was the river crossed by you?

3. No one is borrowing the novels from the library.

The novels are not being borrowed from the library.

4. Will you help me?

Shall I be helped by you?

5. Go for a jog early in the morning.

You are advised to go for a jog in the morning.

6. Why have you left your brother at home?

Why has your brother been left by you at home?





7. Nobody should violate the rules.

The rules should not be violated.

8. Someone has to initiate it immediately.

It has been to initiate immediately.

9. Have you invited Raman to the party?

Have Raman been invited by you to the party?

10. Please do not walk on the grass.

You are requested not to walk on the grass.

11. Cross the busy roads carefully.

You are instructed to cross the busy roads carefully.

12. When will you book the tickets to Bengaluru?

When will the tickets be booked by you to Bengaluru?

The verbs have two objects namely Direct and Indirect objects.

Change each of the following sentences into two passives using

direct object as the subject in one and indirect in the other.

1. John gave a bar of chocolate to Jill.

.

a: Jill was given___________

b: A bar of chocolate was given_________

2. Pragathi lent a pencil to Keerthana.

a. ______________

b. ______________

3. Sudha told the truth to her friend.

.

a. ______________





b. ______________

4. They offered the job to Venkat.

. a. _____________

b. _____________

5. The boss showed the new computer to Kaviya.

.

a. _____________

b. _____________

ANSWER:

1. John gave a bar of chocolate to Jill.

a: Jill was given a bar of chocolate by John.

b: A bar of chocolate was given to Jill by John.

2. Pragathi lent a pencil to Keerthana.

a. Keerthana was lent a pencil by Pragathi.

b. A pencil was lent to Keerthana by Pragathi.

3. Sudha told the truth to her friend.

a. Sudha’s friend was told the truth by Sudha.

b. The truth was told her friend by Sudha.

4. They offered the job to Venkat.

a. Venkat was offered the job by them.

b. The job was offered to Venkat by them.

5. The boss showed the new computer to Kaviya.

a. Kaviya was showed the new computer by the boss.

b. The new computer was showed to Kaviya by the boss.

uhy; toq;fg;gl;lj - home - educationtn.com · learn/teach english -active voice and possive voice 4...

Documents