ueq: what happens to your food after you eat it? warmup: what are the major organs of the digestive...
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UEQ: What happens to your food after you eat
it?
WarmUP: What are the major organs of the digestive system?
The Digestive System
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Digestion
Function: Breakdown of food into a useable form that your cells can use!
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Where does the digestive system start and end?
• Mouth• Pharynx• esophagus • stomach • small intestine • large intestine (also called the
colon)• rectum• anus
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Enzymes help speed up the changing of food into a usable form• Fats, proteins and
carbs must be broken down by enzymes
• Vitamins, Minerals and water do not have to be broken down.
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II. Trip through the Digestive System1. Mouth
2. Esophagus
3. Stomach
4. Small Intestine
- pancreas
- liver
- gallbladder
5. Large intestine
6. Anus
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1. Mouth: 1. Mouth: • Where food enters• Time spent: Few minutes• Production of saliva is the first step in
digestion (sometimes before you even start eating)
• Tongue moves it around and the saliva lubricates the food for easier chewing and swallowing.
• Teeth cause only a mechanical change. • Saliva also contains an enzyme called
amylase – chemically break down certain
carbohydrates
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MOUTHMOUTH• Where digestion starts
• Primary parts:
– Lips: Sensory organ to judge texture and temp.
– Cheeks
– Tongue: Harbors the taste buds and mixes food.
– Palate
– teeth
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Taste bud Taste bud locationlocation.
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2. Pharynx2. Pharynx• Tube connecting mouth
to the esophagus• As you swallow the
epiglottis covers the windpipe so food does not go down the wrong tube.
• Lasts a few seconds• No digestion occurs
here (just swallowing)
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3. Esophagus• Tube connecting
pharynx to stomach• Few seconds• No digestion occurs
here• Peristalsis (muscle
contractions) send the food down the tube until it reaches the sphincter (start of the stomach)
• Esophagus video
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Motor function of Digestive Tract
Mixing movements: when smooth muscles contract rhythmically
-ex: when stomach is full, waves of Propelling movements/Peristalsis: push contents through the system
http://vimeo.com/2595338
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4. Into the Stomach 4. Into the Stomach • Next stop: the stomach!
• Time spent: 4 hours
• Physical change: mixes and churns the food
• Chemical change: – Gastric juices: 2 enzymes - Pepsin and Rennin– Acid that breaks down food
and bacteria
• Function: Stores and processes food.
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Chemical change in the stomach
• Pepsin: breaks down protein
• Rennin: enzyme that turns milk into cheese (breaks down dairy)
• Let’s view the stomach!
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5. Through the Small Intestine5. Through the Small Intestine• Most digestion and absorption of
nutrients into bloodstream occurs here!
• 18-39 feet long on average...
• The small intestine itself does not make enzymes, but 3 other organs (pancreas, liver, gallbladder) not in the digestive tract deliver enzymes to the small intestine
• Time: 12 hours to digest and absorb
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The PancreasThe Pancreas• The pancreas produces
3 enzymes
• Lipase: breaks down fats
• Protease: Breaks down protein
• Amylase: Breaks down carbs
• Delivers these enzymes to small intestine
• pancreas is a small flat organ that is located behind the stomach and start of small intestine
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The Liver:The Liver:
• Largest organ of the body (except the skin)
• Makes bile:
• BILE:BILE: Green, smelly liquid
Breaks fats into smaller fat
droplets• Delivers the bile to the
gallbladder for storage
• liver is the body's 'detoxifier‘
• Plays a role with
the kidney in the urinary system too.
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The GallBladderThe GallBladder
• Stores Bile
• Delivers the bile when needed to the small intestine
• If the bile hardens it forms gallstones.
• small (10 cm long) pear-shaped organ that is located near the start of the small intestine and the liver.
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How are nutrients absorbed? How are nutrients absorbed? • Absorption: movement of chemicals into or out
of an organ by diffusion, facilitated or active transport
• Has villi on the inside that have blood vessels that carry nutrients throughout the body
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How the organs all work together:
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6. Large intestine 6. Large intestine • Once in the large intestine:
digestion is already complete. • Large intestine only removes
water from undigested food and begins to produce feces.
• Time: 4 hours
• 3 parts: Ascending (up)
Transverse (across)
Descending (down)• Also contains: cecum,
appendix, colon and rectum
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7. Anus• Where waste is excreted:
• opening through which stools/feces (ie, the waste products of digestion) pass out of the rectum and are eliminated from the body
• nervous system triggers the urge to pass stools.
• surrounded by very strong sphincter muscles contract and expand to open the anus and allow stools to pass
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Problems of Digestive System
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Heartburn• Lower esophageal sphincter opens too often or
does not close tight enough, stomach acid can reflux, or seep, into the esophagus and cause the burning sensation.
• Caused by eating too much food
• Take an antacid such as rolaids, tums, pepto-bismol or prescription medications
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Gallstones
• Block pathways for digestion
• Bile stores up and hardens either in the liver or the gallbladder
• have to have them surgically removed
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ULCERS• Sore or hole on inside the stomach or small
intestine causes a burning feeling. • Enzymes eat away at stomach lining • Stress can bring on an ulcer or it is just natural
production of too much acid• Prescribed medicine for extreme cases• Minor cases can uses Pepsid AC
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Appendicitis
• Swelled appendix• Causes severe pain on
lower right side of body• Bacteria builds up from
stuck food• Appendectomy – the
removal of the appendix
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Constipation• Too much water is absorbed by the large
intestine
• Can be a virus or something one eats
• Over the counter medicines usually take care of the problem
• Milk of Magnesia, eating more roughage (lettuce), prescription medications.
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• Not enough water is absorbed by the large intestine causing runny stools
• Caused by bacteria or virus or something one ate
• Some people have diarrhea often as part of irritable bowel syndrome or other chronic diseases of the large intestine.
• Over the counter medicines such as Pepto-Bismol, Imodium A-D, and Kaopectate
Diarrhrea