ueq: how does the structure of matter influence its physical and chemical behavior?

Unit: Chemical Reactions of Matter

UEQ: How does the structure of matter influence its physical and chemical behavior?

Concept: chemical formula LEQ: How can the periodic table be used to predict the products of a chemical reaction?

Elements compoundsNew properties are created

Why do elements form compounds?To become more chemically stable

by getting a complete outer energy level.


What are chemical formulas?A formula that tells you number of

atoms each element in a compound represented by symbols and subscripts

Concept: chemical formulaLEQ: LEQ: How can the periodic table be used to predict the products of a chemical reaction?Subscripts

small numbers to the lower right of the chemical symbol

Represents the number of atoms of that element present in the compound

***the subscript of 1 is never written in a chemical formula because it is understood since the chemical symbol is there****

Concept: chemical formulaLEQ: How can the periodic table be used to predict the products of a chemical reaction?Looking at the following formulas

state the number of atoms for each compound.

NH4OH

NH4C

Ag2O

K2SO4

Ca (NO3)2

Na2S

Concept: chemical formulaLEQ: How can the periodic table be used to predict the products of a chemical reaction?What are characteristics of

polyatomic ions?Form ternary compounds (3

elements)Covalent molecules with a chargeBehave as if they were one atomic

ion

Concept: chemical formulaLEQ: How can the periodic table be used to predict the products of a chemical reaction?What are common polyatomic ions?Ammonium – NH4

1+ (only positive one)Hydroxide – OH1-

Nitrite – NO2 1-

Nitrate – NO3 1-

Sulfite – SO3 2-

Sulfate – SO4 2-

Carbonate – CO3 2-

Phosphate - PO4 3-


Remember, oxidation numbers tell how many electrons and atom has gained, lost, or shared to become stable.

Shown as superscripts.

Concept: chemical formulaLEQ: How can the periodic table be used to predict the products of a chemical reaction?We use oxidation numbers and their

least common multiples to write formulas

So, if both subscripts are divisible by the same number, they must be reduced to

have formula in proper form. When writing formulas, the compound

should be neutral (same number of + and - charges)

Concept: chemical formulaLEQ: What are characteristics of ionic bonding?Binary compoundsGained (anion - ) or lost (cation +)

electronsElectrical attraction (opposite

charges hold compounds together)Smallest particle is an ionSolid at room temperature

Concept: chemical formulaLEQ: What are characteristics of ionic bonding?Crystalline lattice structure

(repeating patterns of ions)Between a metal and nonmetalStronger than covalent bondsFormula unitMakes atoms more stableLowers potential energy

Concept: Chemical FormulasLEQ: What are characteristics of ionic bonding?How do you write the formula of a simple

ionic compound?1. Write the ions beside each other (first

cation then anion)2. Write the oxidation of each as superscripts

w/ charge3. Drop the +/- signs4. Crisscross superscripts so they become

subscripts5. Reduce when possible

Concept: Chemical FormulasLEQ: What are characteristics of ionic bonding?

Practice

Write the formula for the followingMagnesium chloride

Potassium iodide


Practice-AnswersMagnesium chloride- MgCl2

Potassium iodide- KI


Practice on your own

Write the formula for the following

Boron oxideBeryllium and Nitrogen


Practice-AnswersBoron oxide- B2O3

Beryllium and Nitrogen – Be3N2


Bell Work 11/28/12

Write the formula unit for the following:

Lithium nitrideSodium fluoride

Concept: Chemical FormulasLEQ: What are characteristics of ionic bonding?How do you write the formula of an ionic

compound with a transition metal?Ti (4+, 3+)Cr (2+, 3+, 6+)Mn ( 3+, 4+, 6+)Fe (2+, 3+)Co (2+, 3+)Ni (2+, 3+)Cu (2+, 1+)Zn (2+)Pb (2+, 4+)Sn (2+, 4+)


PracticeWrite formula for the following

Iron (III) oxideZinc (II) chlorideSilver (I) chloride



Iron (III) oxide – Fe2 O3

Zinc (II) chloride – Zn Cl2

Silver (I) chloride – Ag Cl



Copper (II) phosphideManganese (IV) oxideLead (IV) sulfide



Copper (II) phosphide – Cu3 P2

Manganese (IV) oxide – Mn O2

Lead (IV) sulfide – Pb S2


How do you write the formula of an ionic compound with a polyatomic ion?

Treat the polyatomic ion as oneCrisscross to determine formulaUse parenthesis around polyatomic

ionOnly reduce subscripts that are

outside of the parenthesis


Ca 2+

Mg 2+

Ba 2+

Ba 2+

Cation Anion

NO 3 –

PO 4 3-

OH –

SO 4 2-


Bell Work 11/29/12Practice writing formulas with polyatomic ions

Sodium carbonateCalcium carbonateAluminum carbonateSodium phosphateCalcium phosphateAluminum phosphate


Practice writing formulas with polyatomic ionsSodium carbonate – Na2CO3

Calcium carbonate – CaCO3

Aluminum carbonate – Al2(CO3)3

Sodium phosphate – Na3 PO4

Calcium phosphate – Ca3 (PO3)2

Aluminum phosphate – AlPO3

Concept: Chemical Formulas LEQ: What are characteristics of ionic bonding?

How do you name ionic compounds?Write metal name first

Remember if it is a transition metal, YOU MUST put a Roman Numeral after its name to represent its oxidation number!!! Look at the subscript of the nonmetal for this information!!!

Concept: Chemical Formulas LEQ: What are characteristics of ionic bonding?

How do you name ionic compounds?Then, write the nonmetal name. Drop

the ending and add –ide to the end Ex. Nitride, sulfide, fluoride, oxide,

bromide, iodide, chloride, telluride, phosphide

If it is a ternary compound; then, just write the name of the polyatomic ion.

Concept: Chemical Formulas LEQ: What are characteristics of ionic bonding?Practice Naming Ionic CompoundsMnO2Ca (NO3)2BaSO4Cu3P2AgClB2O3MgCl2Ba (OH)2

Concept: Chemical Formulas LEQ: What are characteristics of ionic bonding?Practice Naming Ionic Compounds-AnswersMnO2 – Manganese (IV) oxideCa (NO3)2 – Calcium nitrateBaSO4 – Barium sulfateCu3P2 – Copper (II) phosphideAgCl – Silver (I) chlorideB2O3 – Boron oxideMgCl2 – Magnesium chlorideBa (OH)2 – Barium hydroxide

ueq: how does the structure of matter influence its physical and chemical behavior?

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