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ARCL 0151 - 2018-19 - Handbook

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UCL INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY ARCL 0151 (previously G 269) THE NEOLITHIC AND EARLY BRONZE AGE OF THE NEAR EAST: THE EMERGENCE OF VILLAGES AND URBAN SOCIETIES 2018-2019 MA option - 15 Credits Coordinator: Dr Katherine (Karen) Wright Associate Professor Office: 101 Institute of Archaeology Telephone: 0207 679 4715; Internal: 24715 Email: [email protected] Office Hours: normally Fridays 2-5 pm Term 1, Wednesdays 11.30 am - 1.30 pm, Room 209 Institute of Archaeology TURNITIN: Course Code = ARCL0151; Class ID =3885600; Password = IoA1819

Catalhoyuk, central Turkey, ca. 7400-6000 cal BC. Excavation of cattle skulls found on house walls (photo: K. Wright, 2005)

Ur, southern Mesopotamia: aerial view (Photo: The British Museum)

mailto:[email protected]


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COURSE HANDBOOK OVERVIEW. This handbook contains introductory information. Additional handouts may be provided. If you have queries, please consult the Co-ordinator. For general information about policies & procdures, see Appendix A at the end of this document. If changes need to be made to course arrangements, these will be communicated by email. It is thus essential that you consult your UCL e-mail regularly. PLEASE BRING THIS HANDOUT TO ALL CLASS SESSIONS. SUMMARY OF CONTENT. This course trains students in identification & interpretation of primary archaeological evidence from the ancient Near East (=Mesopotamia, the Levant, Anatolia/Turkey, Iran, the Arabian Gulf, Arabia). Main periods covered are the Neolithic to Early Bronze Age (ca. 9500-2000 BC). Primary data consist of (1) published site & survey reports; (2) artefacts from collections held by the Institute of Archaeology & the British Museum; (3) selected data from Institute research projects. The aim is to teach students how to analyse primary evidence relating to research problems in major transformations in human history: the emergence of sedentary villages & agricultural economies; the emergence of craft specialization; the development of social inequalities; & the evolution of urban & state societies. AIMS. The aims are: (1) to teach students to recognize, classify & assess primary data from the Near Eastern Neolithic & Early Bronze Age periods; (2) to teach in-depth analysis of artefacts & primary evidence as presented in project reports; (3) to teach students how to critique, understand, assess & work with primary archaeological evidence in order to address unsolved research questions about the Neolithic & Early Bronze Age; (4) to teach basic skills required to carry out original research on early periods of the Near Eastern archaeological sequence. TEACHING METHODS. The course is taught via 20 hours of seminar / lab sessions. Each two-hour session will consist of (1) a brief lecture to introduce topics; (2) a seminar discussion of readings; (3) a data analysis or artifact handling session. Teaching is interactive, involving discussion, group work, & skills training. The course is supported by online materials (in Moodle). Learning Outcomes. After completion of the course it is expected that students will: (1) understand the nature of primary evidence from ancient Near Eastern sites of the Neolithic-Early Bronze Age; (2) be able to identify material culture from these periods; (3) understand how to critique & use artefacts & other primary evidence in formulating research questions & research designs on major cultural transformations of the Neolithic & Early Bronze Age; (4) be able to carry out their own research for areas & periods covered; (5) be able to create small databases of primary data; & (6) write original papers using primary data. Knowledge & Understanding. Students will obtain (1) familiarity with excavated remains, site plans, stratigraphy, site reports, ancient documents, artefacts; (2) familiarity with current theoretical & methodological debates concerning interpretations of primary evidence; (3) a broad & comparative knowledge of the archaeology of the ancient Near East from the Neolithic to the Early Bronze Age; (4) an understanding of the problems involved in the interpretation of material data & its implications for understanding major transformations in later prehistory & early human history in the Near East. Skills. Students will demonstrate an ability to: (1) produce logical & structured arguments supported by relevant primary evidence; (2) criticise & evaluate the nature & problems in available primary evidence & in the general literature; (3) demonstrate understanding of principles & methods by which archaeological data are acquired & analyzed; (4) evaluate the variety of approaches to understanding, constructing, & interpreting the past; (5) recognize, classify, analyse & compare objects from different regions & periods. METHODS OF ASSESSMENT. See schedule for due dates & the section on essay topics. Assessment is based on two essays of 1,900-2,100 words each. Each essay contributes 50% to final course grade. Essay 1 will be a review of a site report, a survey report, or an existing material culture study, as if for a journal (choices are given below) Essay 2 will be an original research paper, incorporating analysis of primary evidence, on a topic devised jointly by the student & the Course Co-ordinator. This will be written as if for submission to a journal. PRE-REQUISITES. None, but students with no previous background should sit in on undergraduate classes. WORKLOAD. Classes: 20 hours. Reading: ca. 80 hours. Producing assessed work: ca. 50 hours. Total: ca. 150 hours. MOODLE: if you have problems getting onto this course in Moodle, contact Charlotte Frearson [email protected]



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ARCL 0151 (G269) SCHEDULE 2018-2019 TERM 1: WEDNESDAYS 11.30 AM - 1.30 PM, ROOM 209 IOA INTRODUCTION Session 1 3 October Geography, Chronology and History of Research THE EMERGENCE OF AGRICULTURE & VILLAGE SOCIETIES: THE 11TH - 6TH MILLENNIA BC (LATE EPIPALAEOLITHIC, PRE-POTTERY NEOLITHIC A-B, LATE NEOLITHIC) Session 2 10 October The Prehistoric Sequence in the Levant 11th - 6th millennia BC: Late Epipalaeolithic, Pre-Pottery Neolithic A-B,

La te Neolithic Session 3 17 October The Prehistoric Sequences in Anatolia, Mesopotamia and Iran 11th - 6th millennia BC: Late Epipalaeolithic, Pre-Pottery Neolithic A-B,

Late Neolithic LATE PRE-URBAN CULTURES: THE 6th-5TH MILLENNIA BC Session 4 24 October Late Pre-Urban Cultures of the 6th-5th Millennia BC: The Halaf; the Ubaid; the Ghassulian; Early-Middle Chalcolithic Anatolia URBANIZATION, STATE FORMATION, EXPANSION: THE 4TH MILLENNIUM BC Session 5 24 October The Urban Revolution in Mesopotamia and the Uruk Expansion: Iraq, Iran and Eastern Anatolia in the 4th millennium BC 5 – 9 November READING WEEK Session 6 14 November The Shadow of the Emerging State: the Levant and the Egyptian Expansion in the 4th millennium BC NEAR EASTERN CIVILIZATIONS OF THE THIRD MILLENNIUM BC Session 7 21 November Sumer, Akkad, Elam: Mesopotamia, Iran and Arabia in the 3rd millennium BC Session 8 28 November Where Worlds Collide: the Levant in the 3rd millennium BC Session 9 5 December Anatolia in the 3rd millennium BC Session 10 12 December The Late Third Millennium BC: Cultural Interactions, Climate and the Early Bronze Age “Collapse” _________________________________________________________________________________________ ASSESSMENT DUE DATES Essay 1 due date: Turnitin due date: Thursday, 22 Nov. midnight

Hardcopy due date (in K. Wright’s pigeonhole at Reception): Friday, 23 Nov. 5 pm Essay 2 due date: Turnitin due date: Thursday, 10 Jan. midnight

Hardcopy due date (in K. Wright’s pigeonhole at Reception): Friday, 11 Jan. 5 pm TURNITIN: Course Code = ARCL0151 Class ID =3885600 Password = IoA1819


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BACKGROUND AND REFERENCE WORKS. Required readings are shown after this page, under individual sessions. This page presents reference works useful for background reading and/or exploration of particular topics. Shelf numbers refer to Institute library unless stated otherwise. * = particularly useful or key source. Note: introductory syntheses should be used for background and guidance if you have little previous exposure to this area or period. Do not rely heavily on these in essays. Introductory syntheses (background) Akkermans, P. & Schwartz, G. & 2002. The Archaeology of Syria. Cambridge. DBD 100 AKK Bard, K. A. 2015. An Introduction to the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt (2nd Edition). Oxford: Blackwell. Charvát, P. 2002. Mesopotamia Before History, London: Routledge. DBB 100 CHA Doumet-Serhal, C. 2005. Decade. A Decade of Archaeological Research in Lebanon. London. During, B. 2011 The Prehistory of Asia Minor. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Knapp, A. B. 2013. The Archaeology of Cyprus. New York: Cambridge University Press. Kuhrt, A. 1995. The Ancient Near East, c. 3000-330 BC. London: UCL Press. DBA 100 KUH Levy, T. (ed) 1995. The Archaeology of Society in the Holy Land. Leicester: Leicester Univ. DBE 100 LEV MacDonald, B., et al. (eds) 2001. The Archaeology of Jordan. Sheffield: Univ. of Sheffield. DBE 100 MAC Matthews, R. 2000. The Early Prehistory of Mesopotamia. Turnhout: Brepols. DBB100 Qto MAT Mellaart, J. 1975. The Neolithic of the Near East. London: Thames & Hudson. DBA 100 MEL (illustrations) Mieroop, M. v. d. 2003. A History of the Ancient Near East. Malden, MA: Blackwell. DBA 100 MIE Pollock, S. 1999. Ancient Mesopotamia: the Eden that Never Was. Cambridge: CUP. DBB 100 POL Postgate, J.N. 1992. Early Mesopotamia. London: Routledge. DBB 100 POS Potts, D. 1990. The Arabian Gulf in Antiquity. Vols. I-II. Oxford: Oxford University Press. DBF POT Potts, D. 1999. The Archaeology of Elam. London. DBG 100 POT Sagona, A.G., Zimansky, P.E., 2009. Ancient Turkey. Routledge, London. Encyclopedias (Sites & Topics) Stern, E. 1993. New Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land. Jerusalem. DBA100 STE Meyers, E. (ed) 1992. Oxford Encyclopedia of Archaeology in the Near East. New York. DBA 100 MEY Sasson, J. (ed) 1995. Civilizations of the Ancient Near East. New York: Scribners. DBA 100 SAS Congresses 2000 onward. Proceedings of the International Congress on the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East Selected Handbooks Chipped Stone Gebel, H. G. & Kozlowski, S. K. 1994. Neolithic Chipped Stone Industries of the Fertile Crescent. Berlin: Ex Oriente. Rosen, S. A. 1997. Lithics after the Stone Age. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press. Shea, J. 2013. Stone Tools in the Palaeolithic & Neolithic Near East: A Guide. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Ground Stone Sparks, R. 2007. Stone Vessels in the Levant . Leeds: Maney. Wright, K. I. 1992. A classification system for ground stone tools from the prehistoric Levant. Paléorient, 18(2): 53-81. Wright, K. I. 1992. Ground stone assemblage variations & subsistence strategies in the Levant, 22,000 to 5500 b.p. Ann

Arbor, Michigan: University Microfilms. PhD dissertation, Yale University, Department of Anthropology. Ceramics Amiran, R. 1967. Ancient Pottery of the Holy Land. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society. Perkins, A. L. 1949. The Comparative Archaeology of Early Mesopotamia. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Seals Amiet, P. 1980. La glyptique mésopotamienne archäique. Paris: Éditions du CNRS. Collon, D. 1988. First Impressions: Cylinder Seals in the Ancient Near East. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Selected Journals: Anatolian Studies; Anatolica; Anatolica Antiqua; Annales archéologiques arabes syriennes (AAAS); Annual of the Dept. of Antiquities of Jordan (ADAJ) ; Arabian Studies; Bulletin d'Archéologie et d'Architecture Libanaises (BAAL); Berytus ; Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research (BASOR); Iraq; Iran; Israel Exploration Journal; Iraq; Iran; Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology; Levant; Mesopotamica; Near Eastern Archaeology (formerly Biblical Archaeologist); Paléorient; Studies in the History & Archaeology of Jordan (SHAJ); Syria


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Azraq 18, east Jordan, Natufian, 11,500-11,300 cal BC; excavation of burial with earliest known painted skull in Near East (as of 2018) (Photo: Andrew Garrard, 1987)

A house at Catalhoyuk, central Turkey, ca. 7400-6000 cal BC. (Photo: The Catalhoyuk Project)


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Session 1 Geography, Chronology and History of Research Middle Eastern geography and an overview of chronology: landscapes, people, periods, issues. History of research: major research themes, approaches, theory, methods of excavation and analysis, cultural heritage, the nature of the archaeological record in the Near East. The history of research affects the record via theoretical paradigms; questions asked; preservation and site formation; areas and methods of exploration. Essential (read all by the end of the course) *Adams, R. 1981. Heartland of Cities. Chicago: Univ. Chicago. Ch 2: Section called “Major limitations of this

study” DBB 100 ADA *Barth, F. 1961. Nomads of South Persia. Boston. (Chap. 8, 101-111) Anthropology PP15 BAR *Butzer, K. 1982. Archaeology as Human Ecology. Cambridge: CUP. Ch. 6, 87-97 (“village mounds”); Ch. 7,

117-122. *Kramer, C. 1984 Spatial organization in contemporary southwest Asian villages & archaeological sampling.

In T. Young et al. (eds) The Hilly Flanks, 347-368. Chicago. ISSUE DESK BRA 3; DBA 100 QTO BRA. *Levy, T. E. 1995. Introduction. The Archaeology of Society in the Holy Land. New York, NY: Facts on File. *Matthews, R. 2003. The Archaeology of Mesopotamia: Theories & Approaches. London. DNN 100 MAT *Mellaart, J. 1975. The Neolithic of the Near East. London: Thames and Hudson. Introduction. *Silberman, N.A. 1995. Power, politics & the past. In T. Levy (ed) Archaeology of Society in the Holy Land.

Leicester. *Zimansky, P. E. 2005. Archaeology and texts in the ancient Near East. In Pollock, S. and Bernbeck, R. (eds),

Archaeologies of the Middle East: Critical Perspectives. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 308-326.

For further reading Geography, Ethnography, Ethnoarchaeology, Nomad-Sedentary Interaction Barth, F. 1961. Nomads of South Persia. Boston. (Chap. 8, 101-111) Anthropology PP15 BAR Cribb, R. 1992. Nomads in Archaeology. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. DBA 100 CRI Fisher, W. 1967. The Middle East: a Geography. London: Methuen. Kramer, C. 1982. Village Ethnoarchaeology. New York. DBG 10 KRA *Kramer, C. 1984 Spatial organization in contemporary southwest Asian villages & archaeological sampling. In T. Young et al. (eds)

The Hilly Flanks, 347-368. Chicago. ISSUE DESK BRA 3; DBA 100 QTO BRA. Chronology (Basics) Akkermans, P. & Schwartz, G. & 2002. The Archaeology of Syria. Cambridge. DBD 100 AKK Bard, K. A. 2015. An Introduction to the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt (2nd Edition). Oxford: Blackwell. Broodbank, C. 2013. The Making of the Middle Sea. London: Thames and Hudson. Charvát, P. 2002. Mesopotamia Before History, London: Routledge. DBB 100 CHA Doumet-Serhal, C. 2005. Decade. A Decade of Archaeological Research in Lebanon. London. DBD 100 Qto DOU During, B. 2011 The Prehistory of Asia Minor. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Hole, F. 1987. The Archaeology of Western Iran. Washington, D.C: Smithsonian Institution Press. Knapp, A. B. 2013. The Archaeology of Cyprus. New York: Cambridge University Press. Kuhrt, A. 1995. The Ancient Near East, c. 3000-330 BC. London: UCL Press. DBA 100 KUH Levy, T. (ed) 1995. The Archaeology of Society in the Holy Land. Leicester: Leicester Univ. DBE 100 LEV MacDonald, B., et al. (eds) 2001. The Archaeology of Jordan. Sheffield: Univ. of Sheffield. DBE 100 MAC Matthews, R. 2000. The Early Prehistory of Mesopotamia. Turnhout: Brepols. DBB100 Qto MAT Mellaart, J. 1975. The Neolithic of the Near East. London: Thames & Hudson. DBA 100 MEL (illustrations) Mieroop, M. v. d. 2003. A History of the Ancient Near East. Malden, MA: Blackwell. DBA 100 MIE Pollock, S. 1999. Ancient Mesopotamia: the Eden that Never Was. Cambridge: CUP. DBB 100 POL Postgate, J.N. 1992. Early Mesopotamia. London: Routledge. DBB 100 POS Potts, D. 1990. The Arabian Gulf in Antiquity. Vols. I-II. Oxford: Oxford University Press. DBF POT Potts, D. 1999. The Archaeology of Elam. London. DBG 100 POT Sagona, A.G., Zimansky, P.E., 2009. Ancient Turkey. Routledge, London. Wengrow, D. 2006. The Archaeology of Early Egypt. Cambridge. (Introduction) History of Research Asouti, E. 2006. Beyond the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B interaction sphere. Journal of World Prehistory 20: 87-126. Hodder, I. 1990. The Domestication of Europe: Structure & Contingency in Neolithic Societies. Oxford: Blackwell.


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Matthews, R. 2003. The Archaeology of Mesopotamia: Theories & Approaches. London. DNN 100 MAT Meskell, L. 1998. Archaeology under Fire. London: Routledge. AG MES (Introduction) Pollock, S. & Bernbeck, R. 2005. Archaeologies of the Middle East. Oxford: Blackwell. DBA 100 POL (Introduction) Said, E. 1978. Orientalism. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. Wengrow, D. 2006. The Archaeology of Early Egypt. Cambridge. (Introduction) Culture-Historical Approaches (examples) Childe, V. G. 1952. Man Makes Himself. New York: Mentor Books. Mellaart, J. 1975. The Neolithic of the Near East. London: Thames & Hudson. (Introduction) Kozlowski, S. K. & Aurenche, O. 2005. Territories, Boundaries & Cultures in the Neolithic Near East. Oxford: BAR. Zimansky, P. E. 2005. Archaeology and texts in the ancient Near East. In Pollock, S. and Bernbeck, R. (eds), Archaeologies of the

Middle East: Critical Perspectives. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 308-326. Ecological-Evolutionary Approaches (New Archaeology/Processual) Adams, R. M. 1966. The evolution of urban society: early Mesopotamia & prehispanic Mexico. Chicago: Aldine. Flannery, K. V. 1969. Origins & ecological effects of early domestication in Iran & the Near East. In P. J. Ucko & G. W. Dimbleby (eds),

The Domestication & Exploitation of Plants & Animals: 73-100. London: Duckworth. Flannery, K. V. 1972. The origin of the village as a settlement type in Mesoamerica & the Near East: a comparative study. In P. Ucko,

et al. (eds), Man, Settlement & Urbanism: 23-53. London: Duckworth. Flannery, K. V. 1972. The cultural evolution of civilizations. Annual Review of Ecology & Systematics, 3(1): 399-426. Production & Reproduction (1976) & its descendants Goody, J. 1976. Production & Reproduction: a Comparative Study of the Domestic Domain. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Sherratt, A. 1981. Plough & pastoralism. In A.Sherratt (ed) Economy & Society in Prehistoric Europe. Edinburgh, , 155-198. Bowles, S., et al. 2010. The emergence & persistence of inequality in premodern societiesn. Curr. Anthropology, 51(1): 7-17. (also

Smith; same issue) Critiques of ecological-evolutionary paradigms Hodder, I. 1990. The Domestication of Europe: Structure & Contingency in Neolithic Societies. Oxford: Blackwell. Smith, A. 2011. Archaeologies of sovereignty. Annual Review of Anthropology, 40: 415-432. Spriggs, M. 2008. Ethnographic parallels & the denial of history. World Archaeology, 40(4): 538-552. Yoffee, N. 1993. Too many chiefs? In N. Yoffee & A. Sherratt (eds), Archaeological Theory?: 60-78. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. Yoffee, N. 1995. Political economy in early Mesopotamian states. Annual Review of Anthropology, 24(1): 281-312. Critique, structuralism, symbolism, structuration theory, agency Hodder, I. 1990. The Domestication of Europe: Structure & Contingency in Neolithic Societies. Oxford: Blackwell. Hodder, I. 2012. Entangled: An Archaeology of the Relationships between Humans & Things. Oxford: Wiley & Blackwell. Said, E. 1978. Orientalism. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. Said, E. 1993. Culture and imperialism. London: Chatto and Windus. Silberman, N.A. 1995. Power, politics & the past. In T. Levy (ed) Archaeology of Society in the Holy Land. Leicester. Site Formation Butzer, K. 1982. Archaeology as Human Ecology. Cambridge: CUP. Ch. 6, 87-97 (“village mounds”); Ch. 7, 117-122. Rosen, A. 1982. Cities of Clay. Chicago : Univ. Of Chicago Press. ISSUE DESK DBE 100 ROS Simms, S. 1988. The archaeological structure of a Bedouin camp. Journ. Archaeolog. Science 15:197-211. Excavation Methods Flannery, Kent V. 1976. The Early Mesoamerican Village. New York: Academic. (introduction to the book) Hassan, F. 1998. Beyond the surface: comments on Hodder's reflexive excavation methodology. Antiquity, 72:213-217. Hodder, I. 1997. Always momentary, fluid & flexible: towards reflexive excavation methodology. Antiquity 71:691-700. Hole, F., et al. 1969. Prehistory & Human Ecology of the Deh Luran Plain. Ann Arbor: Univ. of Michigan. DBG10 HOL Moorey, P. 1991. A Century of Biblical Archaeology. Cambridge. Ch. 3-6. AG MOO (MacAlister; Kenyon). Wheeler, M. 1954. Archaeology from the Earth. London: Pelican. Ch. 2, pp. 29-37; Ch. 4. ISSUE DESK AL WHE Survey Methods Adams, R. 1981. Heartland of Cities. Chicago: Univ. Chicago. Ch 2: Section called “Major limitations of this study” DBB 100 ADA Wilkinson, T. J. 2003. Archaeological Landscapes of the Near East. Tucson: Univ. of Arizona Press. DBA 100 WIL


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Session 2 The Prehistoric Sequence in the Levant 11th - 6th millennia BC: Late Epipalaeolithic, Pre-Pottery Neolithic A-B, Late Neolithic What triggered semi-sedentary foraging, agriculture, villages, households? Proposals emphasize ecology (demography, climate, optimal foraging, niche construction) & social behavior (feasting; symbolism). Did domestication begin in one region, or many? When did households and villages emerge? Artefacts: Kebara, Jericho, Labwe, Azraq-Jilat

Essential Overviews (read 2) *Byrd, B. 2005. Reassessing the emergence of villages in the Near East. Journal Arch. Research 13: 231-290. *Kuijt, I. & Goring-Morris, N. 2002. Foraging, farming & social complexity in the PPN of the southern Levant.

Journal World Prehistory, 16(4): 361-439. Debates (read 2) Fuller, D., et al. 2011. Cultivation & domestication had multiple origins. World Archaeology, 43(4): 628-652. Hayden, B. 2009. The proof is in the pudding: feasting & the origins of domestication. Curr. Anth. 50:597-601. Hodder, I. 2012. Entangled. Oxford: Wiley & Blackwell. Chapters 9-10. *Kuijt, I. 2009. What do we know about food storage, surplus, & feasting in preagricultural communities?

Current Anthropology 50(5): 641-44. Zeder, M. 2011. The origins of agriculture in the Near East. Current Anthropology, 52 (S4): 221-235. Data (read 2) Bar-Yosef, O. & Valla, F. 2013. Natufian Foragers in the Levant. Ann Arbor: Prehistory Press. (Mallaha, Wadi

Hammeh 27) Ben-Shlomo, D. and Garfinkel, Y. 2009. Sha'ar Hagolan and new insights on Near Eastern proto-historic urban

concepts. Oxford Journal of Archaeology 28 (2): 189-209. Garrard, A., et al. 1996. Emergence of crop cultivation & caprine herding in the marginal zone of the

southern Levant. In D. Harris (ed) The Origins & Spread of Agriculture & Pastoralism in Eurasia. London: UCL, 204-226. HA HAR

Goring-Morris, N. & Horwitz, L. 2007. Funerals & feasts during the PPNB. Antiquity 81(314): 902-919. Kuijt, I. & Finlayson, B. 2009. Evidence for food storage and predomestication. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 106(27):

1066-1070. Tsuneki, A., et al. 2006. The early PPNB in the north Levant. Paléorient 32(1): 47-71. Tsuneki, A. & Miyake, Y. 1996. The earliest pottery sequence of the Levant. Paléorient, 22(1): 109-123. Wright, K. 2000. The social origins of cooking & dining in early villages of western Asia. Proceedings of the

Prehistoric Society 66(1): 89-121. Wright, K. et al. 2008. Stone bead technologies & early craft specialization. Levant, 40(2): 131-165. For further reading Domestication of plants and animals Arbuckle, B. & Makarewicz, C. 2009. The early management of cattle in Neolithic central Anatolia. Antiquity, 83(321): 669-686. Evershed, R. 2008. Earliest date for milk use in the Near East and SE Europe. Nature 455: 528-531. Flannery, K. V. 1969. Origins & ecological effects of early domestication in Iran & the Near East. In P. J. Ucko & G. W. Dimbleby (eds),

The Domestication & Exploitation of Plants & Animals: 73-100. London: Duckworth. Fuller, D., et al. 2011. Cultivation & domestication had multiple origins. World Archaeology, 43(4): 628-652. Moore, A., Hillman, G. 1992 The Pleistocene-Holocene transition & human economy in SW Asia. American Antiquity 57(3):482-494. Vigne, J.-D., et al. 2011. The early process of mammal domestication in the Near East. Current Anthropology, 52 Suppl. 4: S255-S271. Willcox, G. et al. 2009. Late Pleistocene-early Holocene climate & the beginnings of cultivation in N Syria.The Holocene 19/1: 151-8. Zeder, M. & Smith, B. 2009. A conversation on agricultural origins. Current Anthropology, 50(5): 681-690. Zeder, M. 2011. The origins of agriculture in the Near East. Current Anthropology, 52 (S4): 221-235. Epipalaeolithic Bar-Yosef, O. & Valla, F. 1991. The Natufian Culture in the Levant. Madison: Prehistory Press. Bar-Yosef, O. & Valla, F. 2013. Natufian Foragers in the Levant. Ann Arbor: Prehistory Press.


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Garrard, A. et al. 1994. Prehistoric environment & settlement in the Azraq Basin, 1987-88. Levant 26: 73-109. PR Garrard, A., et al. 1996. Emergence of crop cultivation & caprine herding in the marginal zone of the southern Levant. In D. Harris

(ed) The Origins & Spread of Agriculture & Pastoralism in Eurasia. London: UCL, 204-226. HA HAR Wright, K. 1994. Ground stone tools & hunter-gatherer subsistence in SW Asia. American Antiquity 59(2): 238-263. PPNA Belfer-Cohen, A. & Goring-Morris,N. 2010. The initial Neolithic of the Near East. Journ. Israel Prehistoric Society 40:1-18. Finlayson, B. & Mithen, S. 2011. Architecture, sedentism & social complexity at WF16, Jordan. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 108: 8138-8188. Kuijt, I. 1995. Pre-pottery Neolithic A settlement variability. Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 7(1): 165-192. Kuijt, I. & Goodale, N. 2009. Daily practice and the organization of space at the dawn of agriculture. American Antiquity, 74: 403-422. Peltenburg, E. J. 2001. Agro-pastoralist colonization of Cyprus in the 10th millennium BP. Antiquity, 74: 844-853. PPNB Goren, Y., et al.2008. The technology of skull modelling in the PPNB. Journal of Archaeological Science 28(7): 671-690. Goring-Morris, N. 2005. Life, death & the emergence of differential status in the Near Eastern Neolithic. In J. Clarke (ed),

Archaeological Perspectives on Transformation of Culture in the Eastern Mediterranean: 89-105. Oxford: Oxbow. Goring-Morris, N. & Horwitz, L. 2007. Funerals & feasts during the PPNB of the Near East. Antiquity 81(314): 902-919. Rollefson, G. 1997. Changes in architecture & social organization at 'Ain Ghazal. In H. Gebel, et al. (eds) The Prehistory of Jordan II,

287-307. Berlin. Tsuneki, A., et al. 2006. The early PPNB in the north Levant. Paléorient 32(1): 47-71. Tubb, K. & Grissom, C. 1995. 'Ayn Ghazal: a comparative study of the 1983 & 1985 statuary caches. In K. ‘Amr, et al. (eds) Studies in

the History & Archaeology of Jordan V: 437-448. Amman. DBE 100 STU Late Neolithic: Southern Levant Ben-Shlomo, D. and Garfinkel, Y. 2009. Sha'ar Hagolan and new insights on Near Eastern proto-historic urban concepts. Oxford

Journal of Archaeology 28 (2): 189-209. Gopher, A. 1995. Early pottery-bearing groups. In Levy, Archaeology of Society in the Holy Land: 205-225. Leicester. Goring-Morris, A. N. & Belfer-Cohen, A. 2010. Great expectations of the inevitable collapse of the early Neolithic of the Near East. In

M. Bandy & J. Fox (eds) Becoming Villagers: 62-71. Tucson: University of Arizona Press. Rollefson, G. O. & Kohler-Rollefson, I. 1989. The collapse of early Neolithic settlements in the southern Levant. In I. Hershkovitz (ed)

People & Culture in Change: 73-90. Oxford : BAR International Series 508. Rollefson, G. et al. 1992. Neolithic cultures at 'Ain Ghazal. Journal Field Archaeology 19(1): 443-470. (PPNC-Yarmukian) Shirai, N. 2010. The archaeology of the first farmer-herders in Egypt. Leiden: Leiden University Press. Wright, K. & Garrard, A. 2003. Social identities & expansion of stone beadmaking in Neolithic west Asia. Antiquity, 77/296:267-284. Wright, K. et al. 2008. Stone bead technologies & early craft specialization. Levant, 40(2): 131-165. Late Neolithic: Northern Levant LeMière, M. & Picon, M. 2003. Appearance and first development of cooking and non-cooking ware concepts in the Near East. In S.

DiPierro, et al. (eds) Ceramic in the Society: 175-188. Fribourg. Tsuneki, A. & Miyake, Y. 1996. The earliest pottery sequence of the Levant. Paléorient, 22(1): 109-123. Material Culture: Prehistoric Levant *Bar-Yosef, O. 1981. The Pre-Pottery Neolithic period in the southern Levant. In J. Cauvin & P. Sanlaville (eds) Préhistoire du Levant:

555-569. Paris: CNRS. (study illustrations of chipped stone artefacts) Bar-Yosef Mayer, D. & Porat, N. 2008. Green stone beads at the dawn of agriculture. PNAS 105: 8548-8551. *Gopher, A. & Goren, Y. 1995. The beginning of pottery. In T. Levy (ed) Archaeology of Society in the Holy Land: 224-225. Leicester. Shea, J. 2013. Stone Tools in the Palaeolithic & Neolithic Near East: A Guide. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Wright, K. 1993. Early Holocene ground stone assemblages in the Levant. Levant, 25(1): 93-111. Site Reports - Southern Levant – Epipalaeolithic, PPNA, PPNB, Late Neolithic Bar-Yosef, O.,et al.2010. Gilgal: Early Neolithic Occupations in the Jordan Valley.Oxford: Oxbow. DBE10 BAR (PPNA) Byrd, B. F. 2005. Early Village Life at Beidha, Jordan. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (PPNB) Edwards, P. 2013. Wadi Hammeh 27, an Early Natufian Settlement at Pella in Jordan. Leiden: E.J. Brill (Natufian) Garfinkel, Y. & Miller, M. A. 2002. Sha'ar ha-Golan: Neolithic Art in Context. Oxford: Oxbow. (Late Neolithic) Garfinkel, Y. and Ben-Shlomo, D. 2009. Sha'ar Hagolan. Volume 2. Jerusalem: Hebrew University of Jerusalem. (Late Neolithic) Garrard, A. N. & Byrd, B. F. 2013. Beyond the Fertile Crescent. Oxford: Council for British Research in the Levant, Oxbow Books. Gebel, H.G., et al. 2006. Basta II: the Architecture & Stratigraphy. Ex Oriente, Berlin. (PPNB) Kenyon, K. & Holland, T. 1981. Excavations at Jericho, Volumes III and V. London: BSAJ. (Natufian, PPNA, PPNB, Late Neolithic) Site Reports - Northern Levant – Epipalaeolithic, PPNA, PPNB, Late Neolithic Braidwood, R. 1960. Excavations in the Plain of Antioch I. Chicago: Univ of Chicago. (Late Neolithic, Amuq A-B) Cauvin, J. 1968. Les Outillages Néolithiques de Byblos et du Littoral Libanais. Beirut & Paris: Université de Paris. (PPNB, LN) Dunand, M. 1973. Fouilles de Byblos V. Paris: Geuthner. Taylor, J. du P. et al. 1950, Excavations at Sakçe Gözü (Coba Höyük). Iraq 12:53-138. (Late Neolithic, Periods I-III)


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Session 3 The Prehistoric Sequences in Anatolia, Mesopotamia and Iran 11th - 6th millennia BC: Late Epipalaeolithic, Pre-Pottery Neolithic A-B, Late Neolithic Why were ceramics adopted? How different are early ceramics in different regional sequences? How much variation is there in local sequences? What does this tell us about Neolithic societies? Artefacts: early ceramic cultures. Artefacts: Central Anatolia: Catalhoyuk East, Hacilar, Catalhöyük West; East Anatolia: Sakçagözü/Cobahöyük (Periods I-IV); Mersin; Cyprus: Khirokitia; Mesopotamia and Zagros: Jarmo, Hassunah, Samarra Essential (read 6) *Asouti, E. 2006. Beyond the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B interaction sphere. Journal World Prehistory 20: 87-126. *Asouti, E. & Fuller, D. 2013. A contextual approach to the emergence of agriculture. Current Anthrop. 54(3):

299-345. *Banning E.B. 2011. So fair a house. Current Anthropology 52: 619-60. (Göbekli) (read comments as well) Bogaard, A., et al. 2009. Private pantries & celebrated surplus: food sharing at Çatalhöyük. Antiquity 83(321):

649-668. Dietrich O. et al. 2012. The role of cult & feasting in the emergence of Neolithic communities. Antiquity 86:

674-95 Kuijt, I., et al. 2011. The changing Neolithic household. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 30: 502-522. Hodder, I. 2013. Mosaics & networks: the social geography of Çatalhöyük. In I. Hodder (ed) Integrating

Çatalhöyük. Los Angeles: UCLA. Matthews, R. and Fazeli Nashli, H. 2013. The Neolithisation of Iran: The formation of new societies. In

Matthews, R. and Fazeli Nashli, H. (eds), The Neolithisation of Iran. Oxford: Oxbow, pp. 55-75. *Nieuwenhuyse, O., et al. 2010. Not so coarse, nor always plain. Antiquity 84 (323): 71 – 85. (Sabi Abyad) Wright, K. I. 2014. Domestication & inequality? Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 33: 1-33. For further reading General Cauvin, Jacques. 2000. The Birth of the Gods & the Origins of Agriculture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Croucher, K. 2012. Death and Dying in the Neolithic Near East. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Kozlowski, S. K. & Aurenche, O. 2005. Territories, Boundaries & Cultures in the Neolithic Near East. Oxford: BAR Watkins, T. 2008. Supra-regional networks in the Neolithic of SW Asia. Journal of World Prehistory 21(2): 139-171. North Mesopotamia / Eastern Anatolia Natufian: Abu Hureyra, Hallan Çemi Moore, A. et al. 2000. Village on the Euphrates. Oxford: OUP. pp. 33f; Ch. 4-5; Ch. 12, 369ff; Ch. 15, 520. Rosenberg, M. & Redding, R. 2000. Hallan Çemi. I. Kuijt (ed) Life in Neolithic Farming Communities: 39-61. New York: Kluwer

Academic/Plenum. PPNA: Jerf el-Ahmar, Körtik Tepe Özkaya, V., Cosku, A., 2009. Körtik Tepe. Antiquity 83 (320), http://antiquity.ac.uk/projgall/ozkaya/. Stordeur, D. 2000. New discoveries in architecture & symbolism at Jerf el-Ahmar (Syria). Neo-Lithics, 2000(1): 1-4. Willcox, G. 2002. Charred plant remains from a 10th millennium BP kitchen at Jerf el-Ahmar. Vegetation History & Archaeobotany,

11: 55-60. PPNB: Göbeklitepe, Çayönü, Sabi Abyad II *Banning E.B. 2011. So fair a house. Current Anthropology 52: 619-60. (Göbekli) (read comments as well) *Dietrich O. et al. 2012. The role of cult & feasting in the emergence of Neolithic communities. Antiquity 86: 674-95 *Kuijt, I., et al. 2011. The changing Neolithic household. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 30: 502-522. Özdogan, M., Basgelen, N. (eds) 1999. Neolithic in Turkey: Cradle of Civilization. Istanbul. (Göbekli, Çayönü) Özdogan, M., et al. (eds) 2011. Neolithic in Turkey: New Excavations & New Research. Istanbul. (Göbekli, Çayönü) Pearson, J. et al. 2013. Food and social complexity at Çayönü. Journ. Anthropological Archaeology, 32: 190-211. Schmidt, K. 2000. Göbeklitepe, SE Turkey: preliminary report on the 1995-1999 excavations. Paléorient, 26(1): 45-54. Schmidt K. 2005. Ritual centres & the neolithisation of Upper Mesopotamia. Neo-Lithics 2/05: 13-21. Verhoeven, M. & Akkermans, P. M. M. G. 2000. Tell Sabi Abyad II. Nederlands Historisch-Archaeologisch Instituut. Late Neolithic: Sabi Abyad I and other sites Brereton, G. 2013. Cultures of infancy & capital accumulation in pre-urban Mesopotamia. World Arch. 45(2): 232-251. *Nieuwenhuyse, O., et al. 2010. Not so coarse, nor always plain. Antiquity 84 (323): 71 – 85. (Sabi Abyad) Nieuwenhuyse, O. P. (ed) 2013. Interpreting the Late Neolithic of Upper Mesopotamia. Turnhout: Brepols.

http://antiquity.ac.uk/projgall/ozkaya/


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Özdogan, M. & Özdogan, A. 1993. Pre-Halafian pottery of southeastern Anatolia. In M. Frangipane (ed) Between the Rivers & Over the Mountains: 87-103. Rome: Universita di Roma.

South Mesopotamia, the Zagros, Western Iran General Hole, F. & Flannery, K. V. 1967. The prehistory of southwestern Iran. Proc. of the Prehistoric Society 33: 147-206. Matthews, R. 2000. The Early Prehistory of Mesopotamia: 500,000 to 4,500 BC. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols. Matthews, R. and Fazeli Nashli, H. 2013. The Neolithisation of Iran: The formation of new societies. In Matthews, R. and Fazeli Nashli,

H. (eds), The Neolithisation of Iran: The formation of new societies. Oxford: Oxbow, pp. 55-75. PPNA: Sheikh e Abad & Jani Matthews, R. J., et al. 2010. Investigating the early Neolithic of western Iran. Antiquity, 84(323). Matthews, R., Matthews, W., and Mohammedifar, Y. 2013. The Earliest Neolithic of Iran: 2008 Excavations at Sheikh e Abad and Jani.

Oxford: British Institute of Persian Studies Monograph Series, IV. Oxbow. PPNB – Late Neolithic: Deh Luran, Jarmo, Chagha Sefid Braidwood, R. & Howe, B. 1960. Prehistoric investigations in Iraqi Kurdistan. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago. Hole, F., et al. 1969. Prehistory & Human Ecology of the Deh Luran Plain. Ann Arbor: Univ. of Michigan. (PPNB-LN) Hole, F. 1977. Studies in the Archeological History of the Deh Luran Plain. Ann Arbor: Univ. of Michigan. (Conclusions) Central Anatolia Late Epipalaeolithic and PPNA: Pinarbasi, Boncuklu Baird, D. 2012. The Late Epipalaeolithic, Neolithic and Chalcolithic of the Anatolian Plateau, 13,000-4000 BC. In D. Potts (ed) A

Companion to the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East: 432-442. London: Blackwell. Baird, D., et al. 2011. The Boncuklu project. In M. Özdogan, et al. (eds) Neolithic in Turkey: 219-244. Istanbul. PPNB – Late Neolithic: Çatalhöyük. Bogaard, A., et al. 2009. Private pantries & celebrated surplus: food sharing at Çatalhöyük. Antiquity 83(321): 649-668. Düring, B. 2007. Reconsidering the Çatalhöyük community. Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology, 20: 155-182. Gérard, F. & Thissen, L. 2002. The Neolithic of Central Anatolia. Istanbul: Ege Yayinlari. Hodder, I. 2001. Symbolism & the origins of agriculture in the Near East. Cambridge Archaeol. Journal 11: 107-112. Hodder, I. 2013. Mosaics & networks: the social geography of Çatalhöyük. In I. Hodder (ed) Integrating Çatalhöyük. Los Angeles:

UCLA. Hodder, I., (ed) 2007. Excavating Çatalhöyük: 1995-1999 Seasons. Cambridge: Univ. of Cambridge. esp. Ch. 1-3, 10. ISSUE DESK; DBC

10 QTO HOD Hodder, I. (ed) 2013. Çatalhöyük Excavations: the 2000-2008 Seasons. Los Angeles: UCLA. DBC 10 QTO HOD. (esp. Farid & Hodder on

methods; plans and sections for Areas South and 4040; Buildings 52, 77, 44, 56, 65 Last, J., et al. 2005. Pottery from the east mound. In I. Hodder (ed) Changing Materialities. 101-138. Cambridge: McDonald Inst. Wright, K. 2014. Domestication & inequality? Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 33: 1-33. Site Reports - Zagros Mountains and Iran – Epipalaeolithic to Late Neolithic Braidwood, R. & Howe, B. 1960. Prehistoric investigations in Iraqi Kurdistan. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago. DBB 100 BRA (Late Neolithic) Braidwood, L. S. and Braidwood, R. J. (eds) 1983. Prehistoric Archeology along the Zagros Flanks. Chicago: University of Chicago. (LN) Hole, F., et al. 1969. Prehistory & Human Ecology of the Deh Luran Plain. Ann Arbor: Univ. Michigan. DBG10 HOL (PPNB-LN) Matthews, R. et al. 2013. The Earliest Neolithic of Iran: 2008 Excavations at Sheikh e Abad & Jani. Oxford: Oxbow. (PPNA) Voigt, M. M. 1983. Hajji Firuz Tepe, Iran. Philadelphia: Univ.of Pennsylvania. (Late Neolithic) Site Reports - Northern Mesopotamia – Epipalaeolithic to Late Neolithic Akkermans, P. 1993. Villages in the Steppe. Ann Arbor, Mich: International Monographs in Prehistory. (PPNB) Akkermans, P. 1996. Tell Sabi Abyad, the late Neolithic settlement. Istanbul: Nederlands Historisch-Archaeologisch Instituut. (LN) Lloyd, S. & Safar, F. 1945. Tell Hassuna. Journal of Near Eastern Studies 4: 255-289. (Hassunan) Moore, A. et al. 2000. Village on the Euphrates. Oxford: OUP.pp. 33f; Ch. 4 & 5; Ch. 12, pp. 369ff; Ch. 15, p. 520. (PPNB, LN) Stordeur, D. 2015. Le village de Jerf el Ahmar (Syrie, 9500-8700 av. J.-C.). Paris: Éditions CNRS. (PPNA) Verhoeven, M. & Akkermans, P. 2000. Tell Sabi Abyad II: the pre-pottery Neolithic B settlement. Nederlands Instituut te Istanbul. Site Reports - Eastern Anatolia – Epipalaeolithic to Late Neolithic Braidwood, R. & Braidwood, L. 1982. Prehistoric Village Archaeology in SE Turkey: the 8th Millennium BC Site at Çayönü. Oxford: BAR. Hauptmann, H. 1993. Ein Kultgebäude in Nevali Çori. In Frangipane, M., et al. (eds), Between the Rivers and Over the Mountains. Schmidt, K. 2000. Göbeklitepe, SE Turkey: preliminary report on the 1995-1999 excavations. Paléorient, 26(1): 45-54. (PPNA-PPNB) Site Reports - Central Anatolia – Epipalaeolithic to Late Neolithic Hodder, I., (ed) 2007. Excavating Çatalhöyük: 1995-1999 Seasons. Cambridge: Univ. of Cambridge. esp. Ch. 1-3, 10. DBC 10 QTO HOD Hodder, I. (ed) 2013. Çatalhöyük Excavations: the 2000-2008 Seasons. Los Angeles: UCLA. DBC 10 QTO HOD. (esp. Farid & Hodder on

methods; plans and sections for Areas South and 4040; Buildings 52, 77, 44, 56, 65 Hodder, I. (ed) 2005. Changing Materialities at Çatalhöyük. Çatalhöyük Series 5. Cambridge. Hodder, I., (ed) 2013. Substantive Technologies from Çatalhöyük. Çatalhöyük Series 9. Los Angeles: UCLA. Mellaart, J. 1970. Excavations at Hacilar Volumes I-II. Edinburgh.: Edinburgh University Press.


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Session 4 Late Pre-Urban Cultures of the 6th-5th Millennia BC: The Halaf; the Ubaid; the Ghassulian; Early-Middle Chalcolithic Anatolia What was the social organization of these societies? Were these periods “dress rehearsals” for early urbanization? What were the social consequences of animal domestication? What do the Halaf, Ubaid and Ghassulian tell us about regional interaction and hierarchy? Artefacts: Central Anatolia: Catalhoyuk East; Hacilar; Catalhöyük West; East Anatolia: Sakçagözü/Cobahöyük (Periods I-IV); Mersin; Levant & Cyprus: Jericho PNA, PNB; Ghassul; Khirokitia; Mesopotamia & Iran: Jarmo, Hassunah, Samarra; Halaf and Ubaid: Arpachiyah, Gawra, Chagar Bazar, Nineveh, Brak, Eridu, Ras al Amiya; Iran: Sialk, Hissar. Essential: read 1 from each section Northern Mesopotamia: Pre-Halafian, Hassunan, Samarran *Blackham, M. 1996. Further investigations of the relationship of Samarran & Ubaid ceramic assemblages.

Iraq 58:1-15. Brereton, G. 2013. Cultures of infancy & capital accumulation in pre-urban Mesopotamia. World Arch. 45(2):

232-251. *Nieuwenhuyse, O., et al. 2010. Not so coarse, nor always plain. Antiquity 84 (323): 71 - 85 Nieuwenhuyse, O. P. (ed) 2013. Interpreting the Late Neolithic of Upper Mesopotamia. Turnhout: Brepols. Özdogan, M. & Özdogan, A. 1993. Pre-Halafian pottery of southeastern Anatolia. In M. Frangipane (ed)

Between the Rivers & Over the Mountains: 87-103. Rome: Universita di Roma. The Halaf *Akkermans, P. 2000. Old & new perspectives on the origins of the Halaf culture, In O. Rouault & M. Wäfler

(eds) La Djéziré et l'Euphrate syriens de la Protohistoire à la fin du IIe millénaire av.J.-C. Brepols: Turnhout. 43-54.

Akkermans, P. 2010. Late Neolithic architectural renewal. In Bolger, D. & Maguire, L.(eds) The Development of Pre-State Communities in the Ancient Near East, 22-28. Oxford: Oxbow.

*Campbell, S. 2000. The burnt house at Arpachiyah. Bull. American Schools of Oriental Research 318: 1-40. Campbell, S. and Fletcher, A. 2010. Questioning the Halaf-Ubaid transition. In Carter, R. and Philip, G. (eds.),

Beyond the Ubaid. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Duistermaat, K. 2013. Private matters: the emergence of sealing practices in Syria. In Nieuwenhuyse, O. et

al., (eds), Interpreting the Late Neolithic of Upper Mesopotamia. Turnhout: Brepols. Matthews, R. 2000. The Early Prehistory of Mesopotamia: 500,000 to 4,500 BC. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols. *Nieuwenhuyse, O. 2013. Social uses of decorated ceramics in Late Neolithic Upper Mesopotamia. In

Nieuwenhuyse, O. et al. (eds), Interpreting the Late Neolithic of Upper Mesopotamia. Turnhout: Brepols.

Nieuwenhuyse, O. P. (ed) 2013. Interpreting the Late Neolithic of Upper Mesopotamia. Turnhout: Brepols. Frankel,D 1979 Archaeologists at Work: Studies on Halaf Pottery, London: British Museum. DBA 300 FRA Hijara, I. 1997. The Halaf Period in Northern Mesopotamia. Nabu: London. Pollock, S. 2013. Defining a Halaf tradition: the construction and use of space. In Nieuwenhuyse, O. et al.,

(eds), Interpreting the Late Neolithic of Upper Mesopotamia. Turnhout: Brepols. The Ubaid *Carter, R. & Philip, G. 2010. Deconstructing the Ubaid. In Carter, R. & Philip, G. (eds), Beyond the Ubaid.

Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press. Carter, R. 2006. Boat remains & maritime trade in the Persian Gulf, 6th-5th millennia BC. Antiquity 80:52-63. *Carter, R.A. and Philip, G. 2010. Beyond the Ubaid. Chicago: Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. *Henrickson, E. and I. Thuesen 1989 (eds) Upon This Foundation: The Ubaid Reconsidered. Copenhagen. *Huot, J. L. 1989. Ubaidian villages of lower Mesopotamia. In Henrickson, E. and Thuesen, I. (eds.), Upon This

Foundation: The Ubaid Reconsidered. Copenhagen: Carsten Niebuhr Institute Publications, pp. 19-42.


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*Jasim, S. & Oates, J. 1986 Early tokens & tablets in Mesopotamia. World Archaeology 17(3):348-361. Matthews, R. 2000. The Early Prehistory of Mesopotamia: 500,000 to 4,500 BC. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols. Oates, J. 1960. Ur and Eridu, the prehistory. Iraq 22:32-50. Oates, J., et al. 1977. Seafaring merchants of Ur? Antiquity 51: 221–34. Oates, J. 1983. Ubaid Mesopotamia reconsidered. In T.C. Young, et al. (eds) The Hilly Flanks and Beyond.

Oriental Institute Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilization 36. Univ. of Chicago: Chicago. 251-281. Oates, D. & Oates, J. 1976. Early irrigation agriculture in Mesopotamia. In G. Sieveking (ed) Problems in

Economic & Social Archaeology: 109-135. London: Duckworth. ISSUE DESK IOA CLA6; (Samarran) Pollock, S. 2010. Practices of daily life in 5th millennium Iran and Mesopotamia. In Carter, R. and Philip, G.

(eds), Beyond the Ubaid. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. Sherratt, A. 1981. Plough & pastoralism: aspects of the secondary products revolution. In A.Sherratt (ed)

Economy & Society in Prehistoric Europe. Edinburgh, 155-198. ISSUE DESK SHE9; DA 100 SHE Stein, G. 1994. Economy, ritual, and power in 'Ubaid Mesopotamia. In G. Stein & M. Rothman (eds)

Chiefdoms and Early States in the Near East. Monographs in World Archaeology 18. Prehistory Press: Madison (WI). Pp. 35-45.

Stein, G. 1996. Producers, patrons, & prestige. In V. Childe & B. Wailes (eds) Craft Specialization & Social Evolution. Philadelphia: Univ. Museum. AE CHI

*Stein, G. J. 2010. Local identities and interaction spheres: modelling regional variation in the Ubaid horizon. In Carter, R. and Philip, G. (eds.), Beyond the Ubaid. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Yoffee, N. 1993. Too many chiefs? In N. Yoffee & A. Sherratt (eds), Archaeological Theory: 60-78. Cambridge. Iran Fazeli, H., Coningham, R.A.E., Batt, C.M. 2004. Cheshmeh-Ali revisited. Iran 42:13-23. Hole, F., Flannery, K., & Neely, J. 1969. Prehistory & Human Ecology of the Deh Luran Plain. Ann Arbor:

Univ.of Michigan. (summary and ceramics) Hole, F. 1984. Analysis of structure and design in prehistoric ceramics. World Archaeology. 15(3): 326-347. Hole, F. 1987. The Archaeology of Western Iran. Smithsonian Institution Press: Washington D.C. *Hole, F. 2010. A monumental failure: the collapse of Susa. In Carter, R. and Philip, G. (eds.), Beyond the

Ubaid. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. LeBreton, L., 1957. The early periods at Susa. Iraq 19: 79-124. Matthews, R. 2008. Seals and sealing practices in upper Mesopotamia and Iran in the Ubaid period. In

Bonatz, D., Czichon, R., and Kreppner, F. (eds), Fundstellen. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, pp. 277-282. Pollock, S. 1989. Power politics in the Susa A period. In: E. Henrickson and I. Thuesen (eds) Upon This

Foundation: The Ubaid Reconsidered. Pp. 281-292. Weeks, L., et al. 2010. Ubaid-related related? The 'black on buff' ceramic traditions of highland southwest

Iran. In Carter, R. and Philip, G. (eds.), Beyond the Ubaid. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press. The Ghassulian Anfinsnet, N. 2011. The formation of economic systems and social institutions, 5th-4th millennia BC in the

southern Levant. In T. C. Wilkinson, et al. (eds) Interweaving Worlds: 145-157. Oxford: Oxbow. Hauptmann, A. 2007. The archaeometallurgy of copper: evidence from Faynan, Jordan. Heidelberg: Springer. Levy, T. 1995. Cult, metallurgy, rank societies. In Levy (ed) Archaeology of Society in the Holy Land, 226-243. Levy, T. E. 2007. Journey to the Copper Age. San Diego: San Diego Museum of Man. Lovell, J. L. & Rowan, Y. 2011. Culture, Chronology & the Chalcolithic. Oxford: Oakville. Moorey, P. R. S. 1988. The Chalcolithic hoard from Nahal Mishmar in context. World Arch. 20: 171-189. *Rowan, Y. & Golden, J. 2009. The Chalcolithic period of the southern Levant. Journ. World Prehist. 22: 1-92. Namdar, D., et al. 2009. The contents of unusual cone-shaped vessels (cornets) from the Chalcolithic of the

southern Levant. Journal of Archaeological Science, 36(3): 629-636. Tadmor, M., et al. 1995. The Nahal Mishmar copper hoard. Atiqot 27: 95-148. Early-Middle Chalcolithic Anatolia


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*Baird, D. 2012. The Late Epipalaeolithic, Neolithic & Chalcolithic of the Anatolian Plateau, 13000‐4000 BC. In D Potts (ed) A Companion to Near Eastern Archaeology. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. DBA 100 POT

Caneva, I. & Sevin, V. 2004. Mersin-Yumuktepe : a reappraisal. Galatina (Lecce): M. Congedo. Mellaart, J. 1970. Excavations at Hacilar Volumes I-II. Edinburgh.: Edinburgh University Press. Özdöl, S. 2012. The development & traditions of pottery in the Neolithic of Anatolia. Oxford: BAR. For further reading Site Reports - Mesopotamia, the Zagros & Iran – pre-Hassunan, Hassunan, Samarran Hole, F. 1977. Studies in the Archeological History of the Deh Luran Plain: Excavation of Chagha Sefid. Ann Arbor: Univ. of Michigan. Kirkbride, D. 1972-1982. Umm Dabaghiyah preliminary reports. Iraq Vol. 34: 1-15; 35: 1-7; 35: 205-209; 37: 3-10 Lloyd, S. & Safar, F. 1945. Tell Hassuna. Journal of Near Eastern Studies 4: 255-289. (Hassunan) Mortensen, P. 1970. Tell Shemshara: The Hassuna Period. Copenhagen. Oates, J. 1966. The baked clay figurines from Tell es-Sawwan. Iraq 28(1): 146-153. Oates, J. 1969. Choga Mami 1967-1968: a preliminary report. Iraq 31: 115-152. (Samarran) el-Wailly, F. & Abu es-Soof, B. 1965. Excavations at Tell es-Sawwan. Sumer 21(1): 17-32. (Samarran) Site Reports - Halaf Akkermans, P. 1996. Tell Sabi Abyad, the late Neolithic settlement. Istanbul: Nederlands Historisch-Archaeologisch Instituut. Campbell, S. 1999. Emerging complexity on the Karamanmaras Plain, Turkey. American Journal of Archaeology 103: 395-418. Campbell, S. and Fletcher, A. 2010. Questioning the Halaf-Ubaid transition. In Carter, R. and Philip, G. (eds.), Beyond the Ubaid:

Transformation and Integration in the Late Prehistoric Societies of the Middle East. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. Carter, E., et al. 2003. Elusive complexity: new data from late Halaf Domuztepe in south central Turkey. Paléorient 29 (2): 117-133. Hijara, I. 1997. The Halaf Period in Northern Mesopotamia. Nabu: London. Mallowan, M.E.L. 1935. Excavations at Tall Arpachiyah. Iraq 2:1-178. (Halaf and Ubaid) Site Reports - Ubaid Hall, H. R. and Woolley, C. L. 1927. Ur Excavations Volume I: Al-'Ubaid. Oxford: Oxford University Press. .(Ubaid) Huot, J. L. 1996. Oueili: travaux de 1987 et 1989. Paris: Editions Recherche sur les civilisations. Jasim, S.A. 1985. The Ubaid Period in Iraq: Recent Excavations in the Hamrin Region. BAR International Series 267. Oxford. Nishiaki, Y. & Matsutani, T. 2001. Tell Kosak Shamali, Vol. 1. Tokyo: Univ. of Tokyo. (Ubaid) Oates, J. 1960. Ur and Eridu, the prehistory. Iraq 22:32-50. .(Ubaid) Oates, D., Oates, J. 2008. Excavations at Tell Brak Vol. 3: The Uruk and Ubaid Periods. McDonald Institute, Cambridge. Rothman, M.S. 2001. Tepe Gawra: The Evolution of a Small, Prehistoric Center in Northern Iraq. University Museum, Philadelphia. Safar, F., Mustafa, M.A., Lloyd, S. 1981. Eridu, Iraq: Ministry of Culture and Information. (Ubaid) Tobler, A. 1950. Excavations at Tepe Gawra 2. Univ. Pennsylvania: Philadelphia. (Halaf and Ubaid) Site Reports – Late Neolithic and Ubaid in Iran Alizadeh, A. 2003. Excavations at the Prehistoric Mound of Chogha Bonut, Khuzestan, Iran. Chicago: Oriental Institute Publications. Alizadeh, A. 2008. Chogha Mish, Volume II. 1972–1978. Chicago: Oriental Institute Publications 130. Kantor, H. and Delougaz, P. 1996. Chogha Mish: The First Five Seasons, 1961-1971 (2 vols). Chicago: University of Chicago. Pollock, S., et al. 2013. 2003 excavations at Tol-e Baši, Iran: social life in a neolithic village. Mainz: Philipp von Zabern. Site Reports - Southern Levant – Chalcolithic (Ghassulian) Bar-Adon, P. 1980. The Cave of the Treasure. (Nahal Mishmar) Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society (Ghassulian) Gopher, A., et al. 1996. The Nahal Qanah Cave. Tel Aviv: Tel Aviv University. Hennessy, J. 1969. Preliminary report on the first season of excavations at Teleilat Ghassul. Levant 1: 1-24. (Ghassulian) Levy, T. 2006. Archaeology, Anthropology & Cult: The Sanctuary at Gilat. London: Equinox. DBE10 LEV (Ghassulian) Site Reports - Early-Middle Chalcolithic Anatolia Caneva, I. & Sevin, V. 2004. Mersin-Yumuktepe : a reappraisal. Galatina (Lecce): M. Congedo. Duru, R.. 1996. Kuruçay Höyük. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basimevi. French, D. H. 1998. Canhasan sites I: stratigraphy & structures. London: BIAA Monograph 23. Garstang, J., 1953. Prehistoric Mersin. Oxford: Clarendon Press. (earliest levels) Yener, K. A. 2005. The Amuq Valley Regional Projects, Volume 1. Chicago: University of Chicago. (Amuq)


15

Ghassulian house, Tell Abu Hamid, Jordan (central Jordan River Valley), late 5th - early 4th millennium BC (Photo: K. Wright, 1987)

Copper processing site, Wadi Faynan 100, southern Jordan), Early Bronze Ia, late 4th millennium BC (Photo: K. Wright, 1997)


16

Session 5 The Urban Revolution in Mesopotamia and the Uruk Expansion: Iraq, Iran and Eastern Anatolia in the 4th millennium BC In the Late Chalcolithic, urbanization in southern and northern Mesopotamia was accompanied by colonization, warfare and writing. What were the underlying causes of social change in this period? Artefacts: 4th millennium Mesopotamia, Iran, Anatolia: Uruk, Grai Resh, Uqair, Gawra, Brak, Eridu, Nineveh, Sialk, Tepe Hissar; Sakçagözü/Cobahöyük Essential: read 1-2 from each section Themes Adams, R. M. 1966. The evolution of urban society: early Mesopotamia and prehispanic Mexico. London:

Weidenfeld & Nicolson. Algaze, G. 2001. The prehistory of imperialism. The case of Uruk period Mesopotamia, in M.S. Rothman (ed)

Uruk Mesopotamia & its Neighbors. Santa Fe: SAR. 27-83. DBB 100 ROT *Algaze, G. 2001. Initial social complexity in Southwestern Asia. Current Anthropology 42: 199-233. Algaze, G. 1993. Expansionary dynamics of some early pristine states. American Anthropologist, 95: 304-333. Bernbeck, R. 1995. Lasting alliances and emerging competition: economic developments in early

Mesopotamia. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 14: 1-25. Frangipane, M. 2001. Centralization processes in greater Mesopotamia. In M. S. Rothman (ed), Uruk

Mesopotamia & its Neighbours: 307-348. Santa Fe: School of American Research. ISSUE DESK IOA ROT; 2 other copies

Frangipane, M. 2007. Different types of egalitarian societies & the development of inequality in early Mesopotamia. World Archaeology, 39(2): 151-176.

*Marro, C. (ed) 2012. After the Ubaid. Istanbul: De Boccard. Nissen, H. J. 1988. The early history of the ancient Near East, 9000-2000 B.C. Chicago: University of Chicago

Press. Nissen, H. J. 2001. Cultural and political networks in the ancient Near East during the fourth and third

millennia BC. In Rothman, M. S. (ed), Uruk Mesopotamia & its neighbors: cross-cultural interactions in the era of state formation. Sante Fe, NM: School of American Research Press.

*Pollock, S. and Bernbeck, R. 2000. And they said, let us make gods in our image: gendered ideologies in ancient Mesopotamia. In Rautman, A. (ed), Reading the Body: Representations and Remains in the Archaeological Record . Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, pp. 150-164.

Stein, G. 2002. Colonies without colonialism. In C. L. Lyons & J. K. Papadopoulos (eds) The Archaeology of Colonialism: Los Angeles: Getty Research Institute. AH LYO 3 copies, 1 week

*Stein, G. 2005. The political economy of Mesopotamian colonial encounters. In G. Stein (ed) The Archaeology of Colonial Encounters: 143-172. Santa Fe: School of American Research.

Stein, G. & Wattenmaker, P. 1990. Comments on Algaze, "The Uruk Expansion". Current Anthropology, 31(1): 66-69.

Ur, J. A., et al. 2007. Early urban development in the Near East. Science 317 (5842): 1188. Uruk: The Site *Adams, R.M. 1981. Heartland of Cities: Surveys of Ancient Settlement and Land Use on the Central

Floodplain of the Euphrates. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Chapter 3, “Urban Origins”. Adams, R.M. 2001. Complexity in archaic states. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 20:345- 360. *Nissen, H.J. 2002. Uruk: key site of the period & key site of the problem, in J.N. Postgate (ed) Artefacts of

Complexity. Warminster: British School of Archaeology in Iraq: 1-16. DBA 100 Qto POS Pollock, S. 2001. The Uruk period in southern Mesopotamia. in M.S. Rothman (ed) Uruk Mesopotamia & its

Neighbors. Santa Fe: School of American Research Press: 181-231. DBB 100 ROT Strommenger, E. 1980. The chronological division of the archaic levels of Uruk-Eanna VI to III/II: Past and

Present. American Journal of Archaeology 84(4):479-487.


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The Uruk Expansion *Matthews, R. 2003. Traces of early complexity. Late fifth to early fourth millennia investigations: The Early

northern Uruk Period. In: Matthews, R, (ed) Excavations at Tell Brak. Vol 4. McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research. Cambridge.

Matthews, R. and Fazeli, H. 2004. Copper & complexity: Iran & Mesopotamia. Iran 42: 61-75. *McMahon, A., et al. 2011. Late Chalcolithic mass graves at Tell Brak, Syria, and violent conflict during the

growth of early city-states. Journal of Field Archaeology 36(3):201-220. Oates, J., et al. 2007. Early Mesopotamian urbanism: A new view from the north. Antiquity 81: 585–600. Oates, J. 1986. Tell Brak: The Uruk/Early Dynastic sequence. In: Finkbeiner and Rollig (eds) Gemdat Nasr

Period or Regional Style? Wiesbaden: Harrasowitz. Pp. 245-273. Oates, J. 1993. Trade and power in the 5th-4th millennia BC. World Archaeology 24(3):403-422. *Potts, D. 2009. Bevel-rim bowls and bakeries: Evidence and explanations from Iran and the Indo-Iranian

borderlands. Journal of Cuneiform Studies 61:1-23. Reichel, C. 2002. Administrative complexity in Syria during the 4th Millennium B.C.: The seals and sealing

from Tell Hamoukar. Akkadica 123(1):35-56. Schwartz, G.M. 2001. Syria & the Uruk expansion. in M.S. Rothman (ed) Uruk Mesopotamia & its Neighbors.

Santa Fe: School of American Research: 233-64. DBB 100 ROT *Stein, G.J. 1999. Material culture and social identity: the Evidence for a 4th Millennium BC Mesopotamian

Uruk colony at Hacinebi, Turkey. Paléorient 25(1):11-22. Stein, G. 2002. The Uruk expansion in Anatolia, in J.N. Postgate (ed) Artefacts of Complexity. Warminster:

British School of Archaeology in Iraq: 149-71. DBA 100 Qto POS Stein, G.J., et al. 1996. Uruk colonies and Anatolian communities. American Journal of Archaeology 100

2:205-260. Weiss, H. and Young, T.C.J. 1975. The merchants of Susa. Iran 13:1-17. Wilkinson, T.A.H. 2002. Uruk into Egypt: imports & imitations, in J.N. Postgate (ed) Artefacts of Complexity.

Warminster: British School of Archaeology in Iraq: 237-48. DBA 100 Qto POS Writing Besserat, D.S. 1979. An archaic recording system in the Uruk-Jemdet Nasr period. American Journ. of Arch.

83(1):19-48. *Nissen, H.J., Damerow, P., Englund, R.K., 1986. The archaic texts from Uruk. World Arch. 17: 317-334. Damerow, P., Englund, R., 1989. Proto-elamite texts from Tepe Yahya. Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. Englund, R.K., Grâegoire, J.P., 1991. The proto-cuneiform texts from Jemdet Nasr. Gebr. Mann Verlag, Berlin. Englund, R.K., Nissen, H.J., 1993. Die lexikalischen Listen der archäischen Texte aus Uruk. Mann, Berlin. Jasim, S. & Oates, J. 1986 Early tokens & tablets in Mesopotamia. World Archaeology 17(3):348-361. Nissen, H.J., Damerow, P. & Englund, R.K. 1993. Archaic Bookkeeping, Chicago: Univ. of Chicago. DBA 600 NIS Postgate,N. et al. 1994. The evidence for early writing. Antiquity 69(265):459-480. TC 748 and PERIODICALS Key volumes (scan) Algaze, G. 2008. Ancient Mesopotamia at the Dawn of Civilization. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Postgate, JN (ed) 2002. Artefacts of Complexity: Tracking the Uruk in the Near East. Warminster: BSAI. Rothman, M. (ed) 2001. Uruk Mesopotamia & its Neighbors. Santa Fe: School of American Research: 233-64. For further reading Site Reports - Southern Mesopotamia Adams, R. Mc., Nissen, H.J. 1972. The Uruk Countryside. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago. Adams, R. M. 1981. Heartland of Cities. University of Chicago Press. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago. Eichmann, R. 1983. Uruk: die Strateigraphie. Ausgrabungen in Uruk-Warka Endberichte 3. Hall, H. R., Woolley, L., Gadd, C. J., and Keith, A. 1927. Ur excavations Volume I. Al-'Ubaid; a report on the work carried out at Al-

'Ubaid for the British Museum in 1919 and for the Joint expedition in 1922-3. London: Publications of the Joint Expedition of the British Museum and of the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania to Mesopotamia, Oxford University Press.

Heinrich, H. 1936. Kleinfunde aus den archaischen Tempelschichten in Uruk. Harrassowitz: Leipzig 1936 Lloyd, S and Safar, F. 1943. Tell Uqair. Journal of Near Eastern Studies 2(2):131-158.


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Pollock, S., Steele, C., Pope, M. 1991. Investigations on the Uruk mound, Abu Salabikh. Iraq 53:59-68. Site Reports - Northern Mesopotamia Mallowan, M.E.L. 1933. The prehistoric sondage of Nineveh, 1931-1932. University of Liverpool Annals of Archaeology and

Anthropology 20:127-186. Oates, D., Oates, J. 2008. Excavations at Tell Brak - Vol. 3: The Uruk and Ubaid Periods. McDonald Institute: Cambridge. Oates, J. 1985. Tell Brak: Uruk pottery from the 1984 season. Iraq 47:175-186. Rothman, M. 2001. Tepe Gawra: the Evolution of a Small, Prehistoric Center in Northern Iraq. Univ. Museum, Philadelphia. Strommenger, E. 1980. Habuba Kabira. Mainz: von Zabern. Tobler, A. 1950. Excavations at Tepe Gawra 2. Univ. of Pennsylvania Museum, Philadelphia. Weiss, H. 1986. The Origins of Cities in Dry-Farming Syria and Mesopotamia in the 3rd Millennium B.C. Four Quarters: Guilford, CT. Wilkinson, T.J. and Tucker, D.J. 1995. Settlement Development in North Jazira, Iraq. Aris & Phillips:Warminister. Site Reports - Eastern Anatolia Algaze, G., et al. 1990. Town & Country in Southeastern Anatolia, Vol. II. Chicago:University of Chicago Press. Baldi, J. S. 2012. Coba bowls, mass production & social change in post-Ubaid times. In C. Marro (ed) After the Ubaid: Interpreting

Change from the Caucasus to Mesopotamia at the Dawn of Urban Civilization: Istanbul: De Boccard. Ferioli, P. & Fiandra, E. 1983. Clay sealings from Arslantepe VIa: administration & bureaucracy. Origini 12:455-509. Frangipane, M. and Palmieri, A. 1983. A protourban centre of the Late Uruk period: Arslantepe. Origini 12 (2): 287-454. Frangipane, M., 1993. Local components in the development of centralized societies in Syro-Anatolian regions. , 133-161 in Between

the Rivers & Over the Mountains (ed. M. Frangipane et al.). Rome: Universita di Roma. DBA 100 QTO PAL Frangipane, M. 1994. Arslantepe-Malatya, Results of the 1993 Season. Kazi Sonuclari Toplantisi I 1993 (1): 165-178. Frangipane, M. et al. 2007. Arslantepe Cretulae: An Early Centralized Administrative System Before Writing. Rome. Frangipane, M. 2000. The late Chalcolithic/EB I sequence at Arslantepe. In C. Marro (ed) Chronologies des pays du Caucase et de

l'Euphrate (IVème et IIIème millénaires). Paris: Institut français d'études anatoliennes. DBA 100 QTO MAR Frangipane, M. 2007. Red-black ware, pastoralism, trade and Anatolian-Transcaucasian interactions in the 4th-3rd millennium BC. In

B. Lyonnet (ed) Les cultures du Caucase. Paris: CNRS Éditions. Sagona, A.G., Zimansky, P.E., 2009. Ancient Turkey. Routledge, London. Stein, G. 2001. Indigenous social complexity at Hacinebi (Turkey) & the organization of Uruk cultural contact. In M. S. Rothman (ed),

Uruk Mesopotamia & its Neighbours: 265-306. Santa Fe: School of American Research. Trufelli, F. 1994. Standardization, mass production & potter's marks in Late Chalcolithic pottery of Arslantepe. Origini 18: 245-288. Site Reports - Zagros Mountains and Iran Alizedah, A. 2008. Chogha Mish, Volume II. Oriental Institute Publications 130. Chicago. Amiet, P. 1972. Glyptique Susienne des origines à l'époque des perses achéménides. Paris: P. Geuthner. Kantor, H. and Delougaz, P. 1996. Chogha Mish: The First Five Seasons, 1961-1971. Chicago: University of Chicago. Lamberg-Karlovsky, C.C. 1970. Excavations at Tepe Yahya, Iran, 1967-1969. Cambridge: American School of Prehistoric Research. Le Brun, A. 1971. Recherches stratigraphiques à l'acropole de Suse (1969-1971). Cahiers de la Délégation archéologique française en

Iran 1: 163-216. Le Brun, A. 1971. Suse, Acropole I. Cahiers de la Délégation archéologique française en Iran 1 (1). Le Brun, A. 1978. Le niveau 17B de l'Acropole de Suse (1972). Cahiers de la Délégation archéologique française en Iran 9: 57-154. Le Brun, A. 1978. Suse, chantier Acropole I. Paléorient 4: 47-62. Potts, D. T., et al. 2001. Excavations at Tepe Yahya 1967-1975: the 3rd millennium. Cambridge: Harvard University. Steve, M. J., Gasche, H., and Caisson, A. 1971. L'Acropole de Suse. Leiden: Brill. Stève and Gasche, H. 1971. Suse. Cahiers de la Délégation archéologique française en Iran 1 (1). Yule, P. 1982. Tepe Hissar: Neolithische und kupferzeitliche Siedlung in Nordostiran. C.H. Beck: Munich. Site Reports - Northern Levant Braidwood, R. & Braidwood, L. 1960. Excavations in the Plain of Antioch I. Chicago. DBC10 QTO BRA Teissier, B. 1987. Glyptic evidence for a connection between Iran, Syro-Palestine and Egypt in the Fourth and Third Millennia. Iran

25:27-53. Thuesen, I., 1988. Hama I. The Pre- and Proto-Historic Periods. National Museet, Copenhagen.


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Uruk, south Mesopotamia (Iraq). (photo: The British Museum)

Landscape near Jebel Aruda, Syria, an Uruk expansion site. (Photo: K. Wright, 1982)


20

Session 6 The Shadow of the Emerging State: the Levant and the Egyptian Expansion in the 4th millennium BC In the late 4th millennium, Egypt was evolving into a territorial state. It also established a small trade network in the southern Levant. The Egyptian expansion has been compared to the Uruk expansion. Is this valid? What were the Egyptians doing in the southern Levant? What was the nature of social organization in the Levant in the Ghassulian and EB 1a? What impact did Egypt have on indigenous south Levantine cultures? Artefacts: 4th millennium in the Levant: Late Ghassulian artefacts; EB1 Jericho; Wadi Ghazzeh; Wadi Faynan 100 Essential: read 1-2 from each section Themes Falconer, S. E. & Savage, S. H. 1995. Heartlands & hinterlands. Antiquity 60: 37-58. Moorey, P. R. S. 1987. On tracking cultural transfers in prehistory. In Rowlands, M., et al. (eds), Centre and

Periphery in the Ancient World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 36-46. *Lawrence, B. & Wilkinson, T. 2015. Hubs & upstarts. Antiquity 89 (344). Key volumes Friedman, R. & F. Fiske (eds) 2011. Egypt at its Origins 3. Leuven: Peeters. (esp. Cialowicz; Maczynska) Levy, T. and Brink, E. van den (eds) 2002. Egypt and the Levant. London: Leicester University Press. (esp.

Faltings on Buto, 130-153) Midant-Reynes, B. et al. (eds) 2008. Egypt at its Origins 2: 689-705. Leuven: Peeters. (Maczynska, 763-782) Hoflmayer, F. & Eichmann, R (eds) 2014. Egypt and the Southern Levant in the Early Bronze Age. Berlin:

Orient-Archaologie, Band 37. (esp. Hartung, pp. 107-134) Macynszka, A. (ed) 2014. The Nile Delta as a Centre of Cultural Interactions between Upper Egypt and the

Southern Levant in the 4th millennium BC. Poznan: Poznan Archaeological Museum. (esp. Braun 37-56) Egypt and the Southern Levant in the 4th millennium Esse, D. 1989 Secondary state formation & collapse in Early Bronze Age Palestine. In P. de Miroschedji (ed)

L’urbanisation de la Palestine. 81-96. Oxford: BAR S-527. TC 992; DBE 100 Qto MIR *Guyot, F. 2008. The origins of the "Nagadan expansion" & the interregional exchange mechanisms between

Lower Nubia, Upper & Lower Egypt, the south Levant & north Syria during the 1st half of the 4th millennium B.C. In B. Midant-Reynes, et al. (eds), Egypt at its Origins 2: 707-740. Leuven: Peeters.

*Hartung, U. 2014. Interconnections between the Nile Valley & the Southern Levant in the 4th Millennium B.C. In F. Hoflmayer & R. Eichmann (eds) Egypt & the Southern Levant in the Early Bronze Age: 107-134. Berlin: Orient-Archäologie, Band 37.

Ilan, O., Goren, Y., 2004. The Egyptianized pottery vessels of Early Bronze Age Megiddo. Tel Aviv 30, 42-53. Joffe, A. 1991. Early Bronze I & the evolution of social complexity in the southern Levant. Journal of

Mediterranean Archaeology, 4(1): 3-58. Joffe, A.H. 2000. Egypt & Syro-Mesopotamia in the 4th millennium. Current Anthropology 41: 113-23. *Levy, T. and Brink, E. vd & 2002. Egypt & the Levant. New York. (Levy & Brink, 3-38; Levy & Kansa, 190-212) Miroschedji, P. d., et al. 2001. Les fouilles de Tell es-Sakan (Gaza). Paléorient, 27(2): 75-104. *Miroschedji, P. d. & Sadeq, M. 2005. The frontier in the Early Bronze Age: preliminary soundings at Tell al-

Sakan (Gaza Strip). In J. Clarke (ed) Archaeological Perspectives on the Transmission and Transformation of Culture in the Eastern Mediterranean: 155-169. Oxford: Oxbow.

Paleorient special issue. 2013. The transition Late Chalcolithic to Early Bronze Age in the southern Levant. Paleorient 39 (1). esp. Braun & Roux, 15-22; Braun et al. 23-46; Hartung 177-191

*Porat, N. & Goren, Y. 2002. Petrography of the Naqada IIIa Canaanite pottery from Tomb U-j in Abydos. In E. C. M. v. d. Brink & T. E. Levy (eds), Egypt and the Levant: 252-270. Leicester.

Rowan, Y. & Levy, T. 2011. Transitions in macehead manufacture in the ancient Levant. In M. Chesson (ed), Daily life, materiality, and complexity in early urban communities of the south Levant: 199-218.


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Winona Lake, Ind.: Eisenbrauns. van der Steen, E. 2005. The sanctuaries of Early Bronze IB Megiddo. Amer. Journ. Archaeology, 109(1): 1-20. *Teeter, E. (ed) 2011. Before the Pyramids: The Origins of Egyptian Civilization. Chicago: Oriental Institute

Publications. (esp. Dreyer on Tomb Uj at Abydos, 131-138; Friedman on Hierakonpolis, 33-44) Wright, K., et al. 1998. The Wadi Faynan 4th-3rd millennia project, 1997. Levant 30: 33-60. The Northern Levant in the 4th millennium Artin, G., 2009. La nécropole énéolithique de Byblos: nouvelles interpretations. Oxford: BAR International. *Ben-Tor, A., 1989, Byblos & the Early Bronze Age I of Palestine. In P. de Miroschedji (ed) L'urbanisation de la

Palestine a L'age du Bronze Ancien. Oxford: BAR, 41-52. *Postgate, J.N. (ed) 2002. Artefacts of Complexity. Warminster: BSAI. (Read either Philip or Wilkinson) Thuesen, I., 1988. Hama I. The Pre- and Proto-Historic Periods. National Museet, Copenhagen. For further reading Egypt and the Levant in the 4th millennium Friedman, R. & F. Fiske (eds) 2011. Egypt at its Origins 3. Leuven: Peeters Press. (Cialowicz on Farkha; Maczynska on Farkha) Levy, T. and Brink, E. van den (eds) 2002. Egypt and the Levant: 130-153. London: Leicester University. (Faltings on Buto, 130-153) Midant-Reynes, B. et al. (eds) 2008. Egypt at its Origins 2: 689-705. Leuven: Peeters. (Chlodnicki; Cichowski; Maczynska 763-782; Hoflmayer, F. & Eichmann, R(eds) . 2014. Egypt and the Southern Levant in the Early Bronze Age. Berlin: Orient-Archaologie, Band 37. Macynszka, A. (ed) 2014. The Nile Delta as a Centre of Cultural Interactions between Upper Egypt and the Southern Levant in the 4th

millennium BC. Poznan: Poznan Archaeological Museum. (Braun, 37-56; Czarnowicz, 95-104; Chlodnicki, 57-72; Golani) Teeter, E. (ed) 2011. Before the Pyramids. Chicago: OIP. (Dreyer on Tomb Uj at Abydos, 131-138; Friedman on Hierakonpolis, 33-44) South Levant Brandl, B. 1989. Observations on the Early Bronze Age strata of Tel Erani. In P. de Miroschedji (ed) L'urbanisation de la Palestine a

L'age du Bronze Ancien. Oxford: BAR, 357-388. DBE 100 Qto MIR Chesson, M. 2011. Daily Life, Materiality, & Complexity in Early Urban Communities of the South Levant. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns. Hauptmann, A. 2007. The Archaeometallurgy of Copper: Evidence from Faynan, Jordan. Heidelberg: Springer. Kempinski, A. & Gilead, I. 1991. New excavations at Tel Erani. Tel Aviv, 18: 164-191. Kroeper, K. 1989. Palestinian ceramic imports in pre- & proto-historic Egypt. In P. de Miroschedji (ed) L'urbanisation de la Palestine.

Oxford: BAR (i-ii), 407-422. DBE 100 Qto MIR Levy, T. E. 2007. Journey to the Copper Age. San Diego: San Diego Museum of Man. DBE 100 LEV Petrie, W.M.F., et al. 1930. Beth-pelet (Tell Fara). London: British School of Archaeology in Egypt. (Site H) Regev, J., et al. 2012. Chronology of the Early Bronze Age in the southern Levant. Radiocarbon, 54(3-4): 525-566. Northern Levant Doumet-Serhal, C., 2004. Decade: a decade of archaeology and history in the Lebanon. Friends of the National Museum, Beirut. Philip, G., Jet al. 2002. Settlement and landscape development in the Homs Region, Syria. Levant, 34: 1-23. Philip, G. 2003. The Early Bronze Age of the southern Levant. Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology, 16(1): 103-132. Philip, G., et al. 2005. Settlement and landscape development in the Homs region, Syria. Levant, 37: 21-42. Site Reports - Egypt Chlodnicki, M., Cialowicz, K., & Maczynska, A. (eds) 2012. Tell el-Farkha l: Excavations 1998-2011. Poznan: Poznan Arch. Museum. Site Reports - Southern Levant Amiran, R. 1978& 2003. Early Arad. Volumes 1-2. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society. DBE 10 Qto AMI Finkelstein, I. & et al. 2006. Megiddo IV: The 1998-2002 Seasons. Tel Aviv: Yass Publications. (EBA data) Gophna, R., Gazit, D., & Ben Tor, A. 1995. Excavations at 'En Besor. Tel Aviv: Tel Aviv University. Greenberg, R. et al. 2006. Bet Yerah: The Early Bronze Age Mound. Jerusalem, Israel Antiquities Authority. Loud, G. 1948. Megiddo II, seasons of 1935-1939. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press. Miroschedji, P. d. 1988. Yarmouth I. Paris: Éditions recherches sur les civilisations. Rast, W. & Schaub, R. 2003. Bab edh-Dhra: Excavations at the Town Site. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns. DBE 10 RAS Schaub, R. & Rast, W. 1989. Bab edh-Dhra': Excavations in the Cemetery. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns. DBE 10 SCH Kenyon, K. & Holland, T. 1962-1983. Excavations at Jericho, Volumes II-V. London: BSAJ. Site Reports - Northern Levant Braidwood, R. & Braidwood, L. 1960. Excavations in the Plain of Antioch I. Chicago. DBC10 QTO BRA Dunand, M. 1973. Fouilles de Byblos V. Paris: Geuthner. Lauffray, J., 2008. Fouilles de Byblos Tome VI. L'urbanism et l'architecture. Beirut: IFAPO. Matthiae, P. and Marchetti, N. 2013. Ebla and its Landscape. Walnut Creek: Left Coast Press. Thuesen, I., 1988. Hama I. The Pre- and Proto-Historic Periods. National Museet, Copenhagen.


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Session 7 Sumer, Akkad, Elam: Mesopotamia, Iran and Arabia in the 3rd millennium BC Genesis and collapse: recent research indicates that the development of city-states in southern Mesopotamia had a counterpart in northern Mesopotamia and beyond. With the emergence of the Akkadian and Ur empires, we see material cultural influences from distant areas. At the end of the Akkadian period, we see a significant decline in settlement in northern Mesopotamia and perhaps the beginnings of decline in southern Mesopotamia as well. With the spread of major settlements and urban life throughout the Near East by the 3rd millennium BC, Iran, Arabia, and the Gulf began to be affected by both regional trade and their own native social developments. Artefacts: 3rd millennium Mesopotamia & Iran: Kish, Ur, Brak, Nineveh, Agrab, Gawra, Geoy Tepe, Yanik, Sialk, Hissar Essential: read 1-2 from each section Themes Bernbeck, R. 2008. The rise of the state. In Bentley, R. A., Maschner, H. D. G., and Chippendale, C. (eds),

Handbook of Archaeological Theories. Lanham: Altamira Press, pp. 533-545. Forest, J.-D. 2005. The process of state formation. In Pollock, S. and Bernbeck, R. (eds), Archaeologies of the

Middle East: Critical Perspectives. Oxford: Blackwell. Matthews, R.L. 2003. The Archaeology of Mesopotamia: Theories and Approaches. Routledge: London. Smith, A. 2011. Archaeologies of sovereignty. Annual Review of Anthropology, 40: 415-432. *Weiss, H. et al. 1993. The genesis and collapse of third millennium north Mesopotamia civilization. Science

261(5124):995-1004. Ur, J. A. 2010. Cycles of civilization in northern Mesopotamia, 4400-2000 BC. Journal of Archaeological

Research 18 (4): 387-431. Data overview Pollock, S. 1999. Ancient Mesopotamia: the Eden that Never Was. Cambridge: CUP. DBB 100 POL Postgate, J.N. 1992. Early Mesopotamia. London: Routledge. DBB 100 POS Potts, D.T. (e.d.). 2012. A Companion to the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East. Pp. 533-574, 649-667. Third Millennium Southern Mesopotamia Adams, R. M. 1981. Heartland of Cities. University of Chicago Press. Chicago. Adams, R. M. 2008. An interdisciplinary overview of a Mesopotamian city and its hinterlands. Cuneiform

Digital Library Journal 2008 (1). *Baadsgaard, A. and Zettler, R. L. 2015. Royal funerals and ruling elites at Early Dynastic Ur. In Pfälzner, P., et

al. (eds), Contextualising Grave Inventories in the Ancient Near East. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, pp. 105-122.

Delougaz, P. and Lloyd, S. 1942. Pre-Sargonid Temples in the Diyala Region. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago. Frankfort, H. 1933. Tell Asmar, Khafaje and Khorsabad: Second Preliminary Report. Oriental Institute, Chicago. Gibson, McGuire. 1975. Excavations at Nippur: Eleventh Season. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Matthews, R. 1993. Cities, Seals and Writing. Berlin: Gebr. Mann. Matthews, R. 2002. Secrets of the Dark Mound: Jemdet Nasr 1926-1928. London: Aris & Phillips. *Moorey, P.R.S. 1978. What do we know about the people buried in the Royal Cemetery? Expedition 20 (1):

24-40. Moorey, P. R. S. and Woolley, L. 1982. Ur 'of the Chaldees': A Revised and Updated Edition of Sir Leonard

Woolley's 'Excavations at Ur'. Ithaca, New York : Cornell University Press. Moorey, P.R.S. 1978. Kish Excavations 1923-1933. Clarendon Press. Oxford. Pollock, S. 1991. Of priestesses, princes and poor relations: the dead in the Royal Cemetery of Ur. Cambridge

Archaeological Journal 1 (2): 171-189.


23

Woolley, L., et al. 1934. Ur excavations Volume II. The royal cemetery; a report on the predynastic and Sargonid graves excavated between 1926 and 1931. London: Oxford University Press.

Third Millennium Northern Mesopotamia Marchetti, N. 1997. The mature early Syrian glyptic from the Habur region, In: M. Lebeau (ed) About Subartu.

Studies Devoted to Upper Mesopotamia. Subartu 4. Turnhout. Pp. 115-153. Matthews, Donald M. 1997. The Early Glyptic of Tell Brak. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht: Göttingen. McMahon, A. 1998. The Kuyunjik Gully sounding. Nineveh, 1989 and 1990 seasons. Al-Rafidan 19:1-132. Oates, D. and Oates, J. 1989. Akkadian buildings at Tell Brak. Iraq 51:193–211. Oates, D., Oates, J., McDonald, H. 2002. Excavations at Tell Brak Vol. 2: Nagar in the 3rd Millennium. BSAI,

London. Pfälzner, P. 1996. Activity and the social organization of 3rd millennium BC households. In Veenhof, K. R.

(ed), Houses and Households in Ancient Mesopotamia. Leiden: Nederlands Historisch-Archäologisch Institut te Istanbul, pp. 117-128.

Porter, A. 2002. Communities in conflict: death & the contest for social order in the Euphrates River valley. Near Eastern Archaeology, 65(3): 156-173.

Porter, A. 2012. Mobile Pastoralism and the Formation of Near Eastern Civilizations. Cambridge: CUP. Roaf, M. and Killicky, R. 1987. A mysterious affair of styles. Iraq 49:199-230. *Rova, E. and Weiss, H. 2003. The origins of north Mesopotamian civilization: Ninevite 5 chronology,

economy, society. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols. Schneider, G. 1989. A technological study of North-Mesopotamian Stone Ware. World Archaeology 21(1):30-

50. Schwartz, G. M. and Curvers, H. H. 1992. Tell al-Raqa'i 1989 and 1990: Further investigations at a small rural

site of early urban northern Mesopotamia. American Journal of Archaeology 96 (3): 397-419. Weiss, H. 1985. Tell Leilan on the Habur plains of Syria. Biblical Archaeologist 48 (1): 5-34. *Weiss, H. 1986. The Origins of Cities in Dry-Farming Syria and Mesopotamia in the Third Millennium B.C.

Four Quarters Publishing Co.: Guilford, CT. *Weiss, H., et al. 1990. 1985 Excavations at Tell Leilan, Syria. American Journal of Archaeology 94 (4): 529-

581. Wilkinson, T. J. 1994. The structure and dynamics of dry-farming states in upper Mesopotamia [read also

Comments and Reply]. Current Anthropology 35 (5): 483-520. Iran Dyson, R.H. 1987. The relative and absolute chronology of Hissar II and the Proto-Elamite Horizon of

Northern Iran. In: O. Aurenche, et al. (eds), Chronologies du Proche Orient, BAR International Series 379. Oxford. Pp. 647-78.

Potts, D.T. 1999. The Archaeology of Elam. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Potts, D.T. (e.d.). 2012. A Companion to the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East. Pp. 596-606. *Potts, T.F. 1993. Patterns of trade in third-millennium BC Mesopotamia and Iran. World Archaeology

24(3):379-402. Sagona, A.G. 1984. The Caucasian Region in the Early Bronze Age Part I-III. BAR International Series 214.

Oxford. Arabia and the Gulf Eddisford, D. and Phillips, C. 2009. Kalba in the third millennium (Emirate of Sharjah, UAE). Proceedings of the

Seminar for Arabian Studies 39:99-112. McCorriston, J. 2000. Early settlement in Hadramawt: preliminary report on prehistoric occupation at Shi'b

Munayder. Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy 11(2):129-153. Potts, T.F. 2003. Tepe Yahya, Tell Abraq and the chronology of the Bampur sequence. Iranica Antiqua 38:1-24. Wilkinson, T.J. 2003. The organization of settlement in highland Yemen during the Bronze and Iron Ages.

Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies. Archaeopress. Pp. 157-168.


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For further reading Site Reports - Southern Mesopotamia Adams, R. M. 1981. Heartland of Cities. University of Chicago Press. Chicago. Delougaz, P. 1952. Pottery from the Diyala Region. Oriental Institute Publications 63. Univ. of Chicago Press: Chicago. Delougaz, P. and Lloyd, S. 1942. Pre-Sargonid Temples in the Diyala Region. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago. Eichmann, R. 1983. Uruk: die Strateigraphie. Ausgrabungen in Uruk-Warka Endberichte 3. Frankfort, H. 1933. Tell Asmar, Khafaje and Khorsabad: Second Preliminary Report. Oriental Institute. Chicago. Frankfort, H. 1955. Stratified Cylinder Seals from the Diyala Region. Chicago: University of Chicago. Gibson, McGuire. 1975. Excavations at Nippur: Eleventh Season. Oriental Institute, Chicago: University of Chicago. Hall, H. R., et al. 1927. Ur excavations Volume I. Al-'Ubaid; a report on the work carried out at Al-'Ubaid for the British Museum in

1919 and for the Joint expedition in 1922-3. London: Oxford University Press. Langdon, S and Watelin, L.C. 1930. Excavations at Kish IV. Paul Geuthner: Paris. Legrain, L. and Woolley, L. 1936. Ur excavations Volume III. Archaic seal-impressions. London: Oxford University Press. McCown, D. and Haines, R. 1967. Nippur 1. Chicago: University of Chicago. Moon, J. 1987. Catalogue of Early Dynastic Pottery. Abu Salabikh Excavations 3. London. Moorey, P.R.S. 1978. Kish Excavations 1923-1933. Clarendon Press. Oxford. Parrot, A. 1948. Tello: Vingt campagnes de fouilles 1877-1933. A. Michel: Paris. Woolley, L., et al. 1934. Ur excavations Volume II. The royal cemetery; a report on the predynastic and Sargonid graves excavated

between 1926 and 1931. London: Oxford University Press. Woolley, L. 1955. Ur excavations Volume IV. The early periods. London: Oxford University Press. Site Reports - Northern Mesopotamia Mallowan, M.E.L. 1947. Excavations at Brak and Chagar Bazar. Iraq 9:1-259. McMahon, A. 2006. The Early Dynastic to Akkadian Transition: The Area WF Sounding at Nippur. Oriental Institute, Chicago. Oates, D. and Oates, J., McDonald, H. 2002. Excavations at Tell Brak - Vol. 2: Nagar in the Third Millennium BC. BSAI, London. Rothman, M. 2001. Tepe Gawra: the Evolution of a Small, Prehistoric Center in Northern Iraq. Univ. Museum, Philadelphia. Tobler, A. 1950. Excavations at Tepe Gawra 2. Univ. of Pennsylvania Museum, Philadelphia. Weiss, H. 1986. The Origins of Cities in Dry-Farming Syria and Mesopotamia in the Third Millennium B.C. Four Quarters : Guilford, CT. Wilkinson, T.J. and Tucker, D.J. 1995. Settlement Development in North Jazira, Iraq. Aris & Phillips:Warminister. Site Reports - Zagros Mountains and Iran Amiet, P. 1972. Glyptique Susienne des origines à l'époque des perses achéménides. Paris: P. Geuthner. Amiran, R. 1965. Yanik Tepe, Shengavit, and the Khirbet Kerak Ware. Anatolian Studies 15:165-167. Burney, C.A. 1961. Excavations at Yanik Tepe, Northwest Iran. Iraq 23:138-153. Burney, C.A. 1964. The excavations at Yanik Tepe, Azerbaijan, 1962: Third preliminary report. Iraq 26:54-61. Carter, E. 1980. Excavations in Ville Royale I at Susa: The third millennium B.C. occupation. CDAFI 11:11-134. Crawford, R.H. 1975. Geoy Tepe 1903. Iranica Antiqua 11:1-28. Henrickson, R.C. 1986. A regional perspective on Godin III cultural development in Central Western Iran. Iran 24:1-55. Henrickson, R.C. 1986. Craft specialization and pottery production in Bronze Age Central Western Iran. In D. Kingery (ed), Technology

and Style. Ceramics and Civilization 2. Columbus, Ohio. Pp. 53-85. Lamberg-Karlovsky, C.C. 1970. Excavations at Tepe Yahya, Iran, 1967-1969. Cambridge: American School of Prehistoric Research. Le Brun, A. 1971. Recherches stratigraphiques à l'acropole de Suse (1969-1971). Cahiers de la Délégation archéologique française en

Iran 1: 163-216. Le Brun, A. 1971. Suse, Acropole I. Cahiers de la Délégation archéologique française en Iran 1 (1). Le Brun, A. 1978. Le niveau 17B de l'Acropole de Suse (1972). Cahiers de la Délégation archéologique française en Iran 9: 57-154. Le Brun, A. 1978. Suse, chantier Acropole I. Paléorient 4: 47-62. Pigott, V. 1999. The development of metal production on the Iranian plateau, In: V.C. Pigott (ed), The Archaeometallurgy of the Asian

Old World. University Museum Monograph 88. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvanian. Pp. 73-106. Potts, D. T., et al. 2001. Excavations at Tepe Yahya 1967-1975: the 3rd millennium. Cambridge: Harvard University. Smith, A., et al. 2009. The Archaeology and Geography of Ancient Transcaucasian Societies, Vol. 1. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago. Steve, M. J., Gasche, H., and Caisson, A. 1971. L'Acropole de Suse. Leiden: Brill. Arabia and Persian Gulf Blackman, J., et al. 1989. Production & exchange of ceramics on the Oman Peninsula from the perspective of Hili. Journal Field Arch.

16(1):61-77. David, H. 1996. Styles and evolution: Soft stone vessels during the Bronze Age in the Oman Peninsula. Proceedings of the Seminar for

Arabian Studies. 29th Seminar for Arabian Studies, Cambridge, 20-22 July, 1995. Pp. 31-46. Orchard, J. 1994. Third millennium oasis towns and environmental constraints on settlement in the al-Hajar region. Iraq 56:63-100. Potts, D.T. 1991. Further Excavations at Tell Abraq: The Season of 1990. Copenhagen: Munksgaard. Weeks, L. 2003. Early Metallurgy of the Persian Gulf: Technology, Trade, and the Bronze Age World. Boston: Brill Press.


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Ur, south Mesopotamia – Sir Leonard Woolley’s excavations, 1920s (Photo: Moorey and Woolley 1982)

Tell Brak, Syria (Photo: K. Wright, 1996)


26

Session 8 Where Worlds Collide: the Levant in the 3rd millennium BC Was the southern Levant in the 3rd millennium BC characterized by “cities?” Was the northern Levant different? Artefacts: 3rd millennium in the Levant: Jericho, Beth-Yerah/Khirbet Kerak, Hama, Nebi Mend Essential: read 1-2 from each section Themes Chesson, M. & Philip, G. 2003. Tales of the city? Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 16(1): 3-16. Falconer, S. E. & Savage, S. H. 2009. The Bronze Age political landscape of the southern Levant. In S. E.

Falconer & C. L. Redman (eds) Polities & Power: 125-151. Tucson: University of Arizona Press. AH FAL Savage, S. H., et al. 2007. The Early Bronze Age city-states of the southern Levant: neither cities nor states. In

T. E. Levy, et al. (eds) Crossing Jordan: 285-300. London: Equinox. The Southern Levant in the 3rd millennium (EB II-III) Chesson, M. 2007. Remembering & forgetting in Early Bronze Age mortuary practices on the southeastern

Dead Sea plain, Jordan. In N. Laneri (ed) Performing Death: 109-141. Chicago: University of Chicago. Finkelstein, I. 1991. Early Arad: urbanism of the nomads. Zeitschrift für Deutsche Palästina Vereins 106: 34-

50. Finkelstein, I. & Gophna, R. 1993. Settlement, demographic & economic patterns in the highlands of

Palestine in the Chalcolithic & Early Bronze periods & the beginning of urbanism. Bull. Amer. Sch. Oriental Research, 289: 1-22.

Greenberg, R., 2003. Early Bronze Age Megiddo and Bet Shean: discontinuous settlement in sociopolitical context. Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 16 (1), 17-32.

Harrison, T. 1997. Shifting patterns of settlement in the highlands of central Jordan in the EBA. Bull. American Sch. of Oriental Research 306: 1-38.

Harrison, T. 2001. Early Bronze social organization as reflected in burial patterns from the southern Levant. In: Wolff, S.R. (ed), Studies in the Archaeology of Israel and Neighboring Lands. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago, 215-236.

Levy, T. et al. 2002. Early Bronze Age metallurgy: a newly discovered copper manufactory in southern Jordan. Antiquity 76, 425-437.

Levy, T. & Najjar, M. 2007. Ancient metal production & social change in southern Jordan. In T. Levy, et al. (eds) Crossing Jordan, 97-106. London: Equinox.

*Philip, G. 2003. The Early Bronze Age of the southern Levant: a landscape approach. Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology, 16(1): 103-132.

The Northern Levant in the 3rd millennium (EB II-III) Archi, A. 2012. Cult of the ancestors and funerary practices at Ebla. In Pfälzner, P., Niehr, H., Pernicka, E., and

Wissing, A. (eds), Reconstructing Funerary Rituals in the Ancient Near East. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, pp. 5-32.

Espinal, A., 2002. The role of the temple of Baalat Gebal as intermediary between Egypt and Byblos during the Old Kingdom. Studien zur Altägyptischen Kultur 30, 103-119.

Mazzoni, S. 1985. Elements of the ceramic culture of Early Syrian Ebla in comparison with Syro-Palestinian EB IV. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research,(257): 1-18.

*Mazzoni, S. 2003. Ebla: crafts & power in an emergent state of 3rd millennium Syria. Journ. Mediterr. Arch. 16:173-91.

Philip, G., et al. 2005. Settlement and landscape development in the Homs region, Syria. Levant 37, 21-42. Porter, A. 2002. The dynamics of death: ancestors, pastoralism and the origins of a 3rd millennium city in

Syria. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 325: 1-36. Schwartz, G. M., et al. 2000. Excavation and Survey in the Jabbul Plain, Western Syria: The Umm el-Marra

Project 1996-1997. American Journal of Archaeology 104 (3): 419-462.


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Schwartz, G. M. 2007. Status, ideology and memory in third millennium Syria: the 'royal' tombs at Umm el-Marra. In Laneri, N. (ed), Performing Death: Social Analysis of Funerary Traditions in the Ancient Near East and the Mediterranean. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, pp. 39-68.

Schwartz, G. M. 2006. A third-millennium B.C. elite mortuary complex at Umm el-Marra, Syria: 2002 and 2004 excavations. American Journal of Archaeology 110 (4): 603-641.

*Schwartz, G. M. 2012. Era of the living dead: funerary praxis and symbol in third millennium BC Syria. In P. Pfälzner et al. (eds), Reconstructing Funerary Rituals in the Ancient Near East: 59-78. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.

Thuesen, I., 1988. Hama 1931-38. I. The Pre- and Proto-Historic Periods. National Museet, Copenhagen.

For further reading Site Reports - Southern Levant Amiran, R. 1978& 2003. Early Arad. Volumes 1-2. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society. DBE 10 Qto AMI Finkelstein, I. & et al. 2006. Megiddo IV: The 1998-2002 Seasons. Tel Aviv: Yass Publications. (EBA data) Gophna, R., Gazit, D., & Ben Tor, A. 1995. Excavations at 'En Besor. Tel Aviv: Tel Aviv University. Greenberg, R. et al. 2006. Bet Yerah: The Early Bronze Age Mound. Jerusalem, Israel Antiquities Authority. Loud, G. 1948. Megiddo II, seasons of 1935-1939. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press. Miroschedji, P. d. 1988. Yarmouth I. Paris: Éditions recherches sur les civilisations. Rast, W. & Schaub, R. 2003. Bab edh-Dhra: Excavations at the Town Site. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns. DBE 10 RAS Schaub, R. & Rast, W. 1989. Bab edh-Dhra': excavations in the cemetery. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns. DBE 10 SCH Kenyon, K. & Holland, T. 1962-1983. Excavations at Jericho, Volumes II-V. London: BSAJ. Site Reports - Northern Levant Braidwood, R. & Braidwood, L. 1960. Excavations in the Plain of Antioch I. Chicago. DBC10 QTO BRA Dunand, M. 1973. Fouilles de Byblos V. Paris: Geuthner. Lauffray, J., 2008. Fouilles de Byblos Tome VI. L'urbanism et l'architecture. Beirut: IFAPO. Matthiae, P. and Marchetti, N. 2013. Ebla and its Landscape. Walnut Creek: Left Coast Press. Matthiae, P., et al. 1995. Ebla alle origini della civiltà urbana. Milano: Electa. Thuesen, I., 1988. Hama I. The Pre- and Proto-Historic Periods. National Museet, Copenhagen. Other sources Background Akkermans, P. & Schwartz, G. & 2002. The Archaeology of Syria. Cambridge. DBD 100 AKK Broodbank, C. 2013. The Making of the Middle Sea. London: Thames and Hudson. Doumet-Serhal, C. 2005. Decade. A Decade of Archaeological Research in Lebanon. London. DBD 100 Qto DOU During, B. 2011 The Prehistory of Asia Minor. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Levy, T. (ed) 1995. The Archaeology of Society in the Holy Land. Leicester: Leicester Univ. DBE 100 LEV MacDonald, B., et al. (eds) 2001. The Archaeology of Jordan. Sheffield: Univ. of Sheffield. DBE 100 MAC Sagona, A.G., Zimansky, P.E., 2009. Ancient Turkey. Routledge, London. The Southern Levant in the 3rd millennium (EB II-III) Ben-Tor, A., 1978, Cylinder Seals of Third Millennium Palestine. Cambridge, Mass: ASOR Supplement Series 22. Chesson, M. 2011. Daily Life, Materiality, & Complexity in Early Urban Communities of the Southern Levant. Winona Lake:

Eisenbrauns. Hauptmann, A. 2007. The Archaeometallurgy of Copper: Evidence from Faynan, Jordan. Heidelberg: Springer. Philip, G. & Baird, D. 2000. Ceramics & Change in the Early Bronze Age of the Southern Levant. Sheffield: Sheffield University Press. Regev, J., et al. 2012. Chronology of the Early Bronze Age in the southern Levant. Radiocarbon, 54(3-4): 525-566. The Northern Levant in the 3rd millennium (EB II-III) Curvers, H. et al. 1997. Umm el-Marra, a Bronze Age urban center in the Jabbul Plain, Syria. American Journal of Archaeology,

101(2): 201-239. Dunand, M. 1973. Fouilles de Byblos V. Paris: Geuthner. Lauffray, J., 2008. Fouilles de Byblos Tome VI. L'urbanism et l'architecture. Beirut: IFAPO. Matthiae, P., 1980. Ebla: an Empire Rediscovered. Hodder & Stoughton, London. Chs 3 & 5. DBD 10 MAT Peltenburg, E. J. 2007. Euphrates River Valley Settlement: the Carchemish Sector in the 3rd Millennium BC. London: CBRL. Philip, G., Jet al. 2002. Settlement and landscape development in the Homs Region, Syria. Levant, 34: 1-23. Philip, G., et al. 2005. Settlement and landscape development in the Homs region, Syria. Levant, 37: 21-42. Schwartz, G.M., et al. 2000. Excavation and Survey in the Jabbul Plain. American Journal of Arch. 104 (3), 419-462.


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Session 9 Anatolia in the 3rd millennium BC How similar are the cities of eastern Anatolia to those of central Anatolia? What role did metals play? Why and how did East Transcaucasian Red-Black Burnished Ware spread across the Near East? Artefacts: 3rd millennium Anatolia: Sakçagözü/Cobahöyük, Ahlatlibel, Büyük Güllücek, Alishar, Alacahöyük,

Beycesultan Essential: read 1-2 from each section Eastern Anatolian Civilization in the 3rd Millennium Algaze, G., et al. 1996. Late EBA urban structure at Titrishöyük, SE Turkey. Anatolica 22:129-144. Carter, E. & Parker, A. 1995. Pots, people & the archaeology of death. In Archaeology of Death in the Ancient

Near East (eds. S. Campbell & A. Green). Oxford, 96-116. DBA 100 CAM Conti, A. & Persiani, C., 1993, When worlds collide: cultural developments in eastern Anatolia in the Early

Bronze Age. 361-414 in Between the Rivers & Over the Mountains (ed. M. Frangipane et al.). Rome. *Frangipane, M., 2001. New symbols of new power: a 'royal' tomb from 3000 BC at Arslantepe. Paléorient

27, 105-139. *Frangipane, M. 2007. Red-black ware, pastoralism, trade and Anatolian-Transcaucasian interactions in the

4th-3rd millennium BC. In B. Lyonnet (ed) Les cultures du Caucase (VIème - IIIème millénaires avant notre ère). Leurs relations avec le Proche-Orient: Paris: CNRS Éditions.

Kosay, H., 1976. Keban Project Pulur Excavations 1968-70. Ankara: Keban Project Publications, METU. Matney, T. 2002. Urban planning & the archaeology of society at Early Bronze Age Titriş Höyük. In D. C.

Hopkins (ed) Across the Anatolian Plateau. Boston: ASOR: 19-34. DBE Series ANN Matney, T. & Algaze, G., 1995, Urban development at Titris Höyük in SE Anatolia. BASOR 299:33-54. Nishimura, Y. 2007. The north Mesopotamian neighbourhood. Near Eastern Archaeology, 70(1): 53-56. Peltenburg, E. J. 2007. Euphrates River Valley Settlement. London: CBRL. (Peltenburg on Jerablus) Sang, L. 2012. A potential reconstruction of funerary rituals in the monumental mortuary complex at Tell

Ahmar. In P. Pfälzner, et al. (eds) (Re-)Constructing Funerary Rituals in the Ancient Near East.. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.

Wilkinson, T. J. & Algaze, G. 1990. Town and country in southeastern Anatolia. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago. Central Anatolian Civilization Arik, R. & Türk, T. K. 1937. Les fouilles d'Alaca Höyük. Ankara. (plans & artefacts) DBC10 QTO ARI *Bauer, A. 2011. The Near East, the Black Sea and routes of community in the Early Bronze Age. In T. J.

Wilkinson, S. Sherratt, & J. Bennet (eds) Interweaving Worlds. Oxford: Oxbow. Baird, D., 2005. The history of settlement and social landscapes in the early Holocene in the Çatalhöyük area.

In: Hodder, I. (ed), Çatalhöyük Perspectives. Çatalhöyük Research Project Series 6. Cambridge, 55-74. Goldman, H., 1956, Excavations at Gozlu Kule, Tarsus II. Princeton: Princeton Univ. DBC10 QTO TAR; STORES Korfmann, M., 1983, Demircihüyük Volumes 1-5. Mainz am Rhein: Verlag Philipp von Zabern. Lloyd, S. & Mellaart, J., 1962, Beycesultan, Vol. I. London. DBC 10 QTO LLO; STORE 04 Matthews, R. (ed) 1998. Ancient Anatolia. London: BIAA Mellaart (Beycesultan). DBC 100 MAT Osten, H. von der & Schmidt, E., 1937. Alishar Hüyük, 1930-1932. Chicago. Plans & artifact illustrations of

Mound Levels 19-15M (‘Chalcolithic’); 14-12M (‘Chalcolithic’); 11-10M (‘Copper Age’) DBE 10 QTO ALI Steadman, S., 1995. Prehistoric inter-regional interaction in Anatolia & the Balkans. BASOR 299:13-32. *Steadman, S., et al. 2008. Excavations on the north central plateau: Chalcolithic & EBA occupation at

Çadirhöyük. Anatolian Studies 58:47-86. (chronology, 72-73; compare to Osten & Schmidt & artefacts) Thissen, L. 1993. New insights in Balkan-Anatolian connections in the Late Chalcolithic Anat. Stud. 43:207-

237. Yener, K.A., et al. 1989. Kestel: an EBA source of tin ore in the Taurus Mountains. Science 244:200-203. Yener, K.A. & Vandiver, P., 1993. Tin Processing at Göltepe. American Journal of Archaeology 97:207-238. Yener, K. A. 2000. The Domestication of Metals. Leiden: Brill. DBC 100 YEN *Zimmerman, T. & Yildirim, T. 2007. Land of plenty? New archaeometric insights into Central Anatolian Early


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Bronze Age metal consumption in funeral contexts. Antiquity, 81(314). Comparisons between Eastern, Central and Western Anatolia: Architecture and Site Layouts (Compare plans) Korfmann, M., 1983, Demircihüyük Volumes 1-5. Mainz am Rhein: Verlag Philipp von Zabern. Kosay, H., 1976. Keban Project Pulur Excavations 1968-70. Ankara: Keban Project Publications, METU. Lloyd, S. & Mellaart, J., 1962, Beycesultan, Vol. I. London. DBC 10 QTO LLO; STORE 04

For further reading: Site Reports - Eastern Anatolia Algaze, G., et al. 1990. Town & Country in Southeastern Anatolia, Volume II. Chicago: Oriental Institute Publication 110, University of

Chicago Press. Behm-Blanke, M., 1984. Hassek Höyük. Istanbuler Mitteilungen 34:31-65. Frangipane, M. and Palmieri, A. 1983. A protourban centre of the Late Uruk period: Arslantepe. Origini 12 (2): 287-454. Frangipane, M. 1994. Arslantepe-Malatya, Results of the 1993 Season. Kazi Sonuclari Toplantisi I 1993 (1): 165-178. Frangipane, M. 2001. New symbols of a new power in a 'royal' tomb from 3000 BC at Arslantepe. Paléorient 27: 105-39. Frangipane, M. et al. 2007. Arslantepe Cretulae: An Early Centralized Administrative System Before Writing. Rome. Hoh, M., 1984. Die Keramik von Hassek Höyük. Istanbuler Mitteilungen 34:66-91. Hauptmann, H., 1982. Norsuntepe Kazilari 1974. Keban 1974-1975: Keban Publications Series I No. 7 1(7):15-70. Kosay, H., 1976. Keban Project Pulur Excavations 1968-70. Ankara: Middle East Technical University. Ozgen, E. & Carter, E., 1990. Oylum Höyük. Anatolica 16:21-29. Sasson, J. (ed) 1995. Civilizations of the Ancient Near East. New York: Scribners. Vol. 4: 2639-2660: Vol. 3: 1519-1521. Site Reports - Central and Western Anatolia Arik, R. & Türk, T. K. 1937. Les fouilles d'Alaca Höyük. Ankara. (plans & artefacts) DBC10 QTO ARI Goldman, H., 1956, Excavations at Gozlu Kule, Tarsus II. Princeton: Princeton Univ. Kamil, T. 1982. Yortan Cemetery in the Early Bronze Age of western Anatolia Oxford: BAR International 145. Korfmann, M., 1983, Demircihüyük Volumes 1-5. Mainz am Rhein: Verlag Philipp von Zabern. Kosay, H., 1951, Alaca Höyük Kazisi 1937-1939. Ankara: Turk Tarih Kurumu Yayinlarindan V Seri No. 5. Kosay, H., 1957, Alaca Höyük. Ankara: Turkish Press. Kosay, H. & Akok, M., 1957, Ausgrabungen von Buyuk Gullucek. Ankara: Turk Tarih Yayinlarindan. Kosay, H. & Akok, M., 1966, Alaca Höyük Kazisi 1940-1948. Ankara: Turk Tarih Kurumu Yayinlarindan V Seri No. 6. Kosay, H. & Akok, M., 1973, Alaca Höyük Kazisi 1963-67. Ankara: Turk Tarih Kurumu Yayinlarindan 28. Lloyd, S. & Mellaart, J., 1962, Beycesultan, Volume I: The Chalcolithic & Early Bronze Age Levels. London: BIAA. Mansfield, G. 2001. Die 'Königsgräber' von Alaca Höyük. Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Iran & Turan, 33: 19-61. Mellink, M., 1967, Excavations at Karatas-Semayük in Lycia 1966. American Journal of Archaeology 71:251-267. Osten, H. von der & Schmidt, E., 1937. Alishar Hüyük, 1930-1932. Chicago: Univ. Chicago. Plans & artifact illustrations of Mound

Levels 19-15M (‘Chalcolithic’); 14-12M (‘Chalcolithic’); 11-10M (‘Copper Age’) DBE 10 QTO ALI Roodenberg, J. J. 1995. The Ilipinar excavations I, 1987-91. Istanbul: Nederlands Historisch-Archaeologisch Instituut te Istanbul. DBC

10 ROO Roodenberg, J. J. & Thissen, L. C. 2001. The Ilipinar excavations II. Leiden: Nederlands Instituut voor het Nabije Oosten. University Museum, University of Pennsylvania. 1981. Gordion excavations, 1950-1973. Philadelphia. Warner, J. L. 1994. Elmali-Karatas II: the early Bronze Age village of Karataş. Bryn Mawr: Bryn Mawr College. Yakar, J. 1985. The Later Prehistory of Anatolia: the Late Chalcolithic & Early Bronze Age. Oxford: BAR International Series 285.

Alaca Hoyuk, central Anatolia, 3rd millennium tomb (reconstruction) (Photo by K. Wright)


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Session 10 The Late Third Millennium BC: Cultural Interactions, Climate and the Early Bronze Age “Collapse” The 3rd millennium experiments in urban and state societies came to an end. What triggered the EBA ‘collapse’? Essential: read 1-2 from each section The Akkadian and Ur III Periods: The South *Gibson, M. and McMahon, A. 1995. Investigation of the Early Dynastic-Akkadian Transition: Report of the

18th and 19th Seasons of Excavation in Area WF, Nippur. Iraq 57:1-39 McMahon, A. 2006. The Early Dynastic To Akkadian Transition: The Area WF Sounding At Nippur. Oriental

Institute Press 129. Chicago. Sax, M., Collon, D., Leese, M.N. 1993. The availability of raw materials for Near Eastern cylinder seals during

the Akkadian, Post Akkadian, and Ur III periods. Iraq 55: 77-90. The Akkadian and Ur III Periods: The North Laneri, N., et al. (eds) 2012. Looking North: the Socioeconomic Dynamics of Northern Mesopotamian &

Anatolian Regions, during the Late 3rd and Early 2nd Millennium BC. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. *Oates, D. and Oates, J. 1989. Akkadian buildings at Tell Brak. Iraq 51:193–211. Oates, D., Oates, J., McDonald, H. 2002. Excavations at Tell Brak Vol. 2: Nagar in the 3rd Millennium. BSAI,

London. *Ristvet, L. & Weiss, H. 2005. The Habur region in the late third and early second millennia BC. In W.

Orthmann (ed) The History and Archaeology of Syria, Volume 1: Saarbrucken: Saarbrucken. Schwartz, G. M. 2012. Northern exposures: third to second millennium BC transformations in upper

Mesopotamia. In Laneri, N., et al. (eds), Looking North. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, pp. 255-264. *Ur, J. 2012. Spatial scale and urban collapse at Tell Brak and Hamoukar at the end of the third millennium

BC. In Laneri, N., et al. (eds), Looking North. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, pp. 25-36. Weiss, H. 1986. The Origins of cities in Dry-farming Syria and Mesopotamia in the Third Millennium BC.

Guilford, Conn: Four Quarters Pub. Co. Akkadian Imperialism Blackman, J., Stein, G. J., and Vandiver, P. 1993. The standardization hypothesis and ceramic mass

production: craft specialization at Tell Leilan, Syria. American Antiquity 58 (1): 60-80. *Matthiae, P. 1989. The destruction of Ebla royal palace G. In High, Middle or Low (ed. P. Astrom).

Gothenburg: Univ. of Gothenburg, , 163-169. AJ 10 AST Oates, D., Oates, J., McDonald, H. 2002. Excavations at Tell Brak Vol. 2: Nagar in the 3rd Millennium. BSAI,

London. *Oates, D. and Oates, J. 1989. Akkadian buildings at Tell Brak. Iraq 51:193–211. Weiss, H., et al. 1990. 1985 Excavations at Tell Leilan, Syria. American Journal of Archaeology 94 (4): 529-581. Weiss, H. 1985. Tell Leilan on the Habur plains of Syria. Biblical Archaeologist 48 (1): 5-34. The EBA Collapse: Hypotheses Chew, S. 1999. Ecological relations & the decline of civilizations in the Bronze Age World-System:

Mesopotamia & Harappa 2500-1700 BC. In: W. Goldfrank, et al.(eds) Ecology and World Systems. Westport: Greenwood, 87-106.

Dalfes, H. N., Kukla, G., and Weiss, H. (eds) 1997. Third Millennium B.C.Abrupt Climate Change and Old World Collapse. Berlin: NATO Scientific Affairs Division, ASI Series 149, Springer Verlag.

*Dever, W. 1992. Pastoralism & the end of the Early Bronze Age in Palestine. In Pastoralism in the Levant (eds. O. Bar-Yosef & A. Khazanov). Madison: Prehistory Press, 83-92. DBD 100 BAR


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Riehl, S. and Deckers, K. 2012. Environmental and agricultural dynamics in northern Mesopotamia during the Early and the Middle Bronze Age. In Laneri, N., et al. (eds), Looking North. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, pp. 11-24.

Rosen, A, 1995. The social response to environmental change in EBA Canaan. Journ. Anthrop. Archaeology 14: 26-44.

*Weiss, H. 2000. Causality & chance: late 3rd millennium collapse in southwest Asia. In: O. Rouault & M. Wafler (eds) La Djéziré et l’Euphrate syriens. Turnhout : Brepols, 207-17. DBD 100 QTO ROU

*Weiss, H. & Bradley, R. S. 2001. What drives societal collapse? Science, 291(5504): 609-610. *Weiss, H. 2017. The 4.2ka megadrought and the Akkadian collapse. In Weiss, H. (ed), Megadrought and

Collapse. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 93-159. Oxford Scholarship Online: DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780199329199.001.0001

For further reading The Akkadian and Ur III Periods - General Amie, P. 1976. L'art d'Agadé au Musée du Louvre. Paris. Boheme, R. M. 1965. Die Entwicklung der Glyptik während der Akkad-Zeit. (UAVA 4), Berlin. Hussein, SY and Altaweel, M and Rejeb, Z. 2009. Report on Excavations at Tell al-Wilaya, Iraq. Information on the 1999 and 2000

seasons. Akkadica 130(1):3 - 43. Hussein, SY et al. 2009. Report on Excavations at Tell al-Wilaya, Iraq. Akkadica 130(2):113-166. Site Reports - Akkadian and Ur III Periods Gibson, M. and McMahon, A. 1995. Investigation of the Early Dynastic-Akkadian Transition: Report of the 18th and 19th Seasons of

Excavation in Area WF, Nippur. Iraq 57:1-39 McMahon, A. 2006. The Early Dynastic To Akkadian Transition: The Area WF Sounding At Nippur. Oriental Institute Press 129. Chicago. Oates, D., Oates, J., McDonald, H. 2002. Excavations at Tell Brak Vol. 2: Nagar in the 3rd Millennium. BSAI, London. Woolley, L. 1939. Ur excavations Volume V. The ziggurat and its surroundings. London: Publications of the Joint Expedition of the

British Museum and of the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania to Mesopotamia, Oxford University Press. Woolley, L. 1974. Ur excavations Volume VI. The buildings of the Third Dynasty. London: Publications of the Joint Expedition of the

British Museum and of the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania to Mesopotamia, Oxford University Press. Zettler, R. L. 1992. The Ur III Temple of Inanna at Nippur: the operation and organization of urban religious institutions in

Mesopotamia in the late third millennium B.C. Berlin: Dietrich Reimer Verlag.

Tell Leilan, northern Mesopotamia (Syria), ancient Shekhne/Shubat Enlil, 3rd - 2nd millennia BC. (photo: K. Wright, 1982)


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ASSESSMENTS. For due dates, see schedule. If an assignment is unclear, see the Course Co-ordinator. Essay 1: Book Review (1,900-2,100 words) (50%) Select one book from suggestions shown below & write a review of it. This should a professional book review, as if for a journal (see choices below). The readership would therefore be knowledgeable professionals in Near Eastern archaeology. The emphasis is on critique & assessment of how the work contributes to, or fits in with, recent related research (as revealed by other recent works). For example: if you are reviewing something published in 1995, you want to discuss in what ways later publications render the book out of date. Consider methods of excavation; how the results change the overall picture of the period or problem; whether the data contradict or agree with other recent evidence. You are trying to critique the intellectual substance of the work in the context of the current state of research, with emphasis on methods of research/analysis & quality of data. Do not waste space on critiques of book formats, illustration quality, etc. For examples of reviews, see major journals. Include criticism of problem orientation, aims, methods (how well do they fit the aims?), data analysis, results, interpretations; discuss the strongest or best chapter. Choose one of the following journals: Paleorient; Near Eastern Archaeology. Assume you have been asked to review a book for the journal. IMPORTANT POINT: You may find that someone has already published a review of the book you are reviewing. You do not need others’ reviews to complete this assignment successfully. You should write your own review based on your own engagement with the book & with the wider literature. However, if you do read such a review, you will need to include it in your bibliography & you will need to “review the review” as well as the book itself. In short, you will need to point out explicitly where you agree with or differ from the previous reviewer, stating why, & backing this up with specifics & details. Take extreme care to present this backup, so that you do not inadvertently present another reviewer’s comments or opinions as your own. 1A LEVANT/ ANATOLIA Natufian - Early Neolithic Bar-Yosef, O., et al. 2010. Gilgal: Early Neolithic Occupations in the Lower Jordan Valley. Oxford: Oxbow. DBE

10 BAR Braidwood, R. J. & Braidwood, L. S. 1982. Prehistoric Village Archaeology in Southeastern Turkey: The 8th

Millennium BC Site at Çayönü. Oxford: BAR International Series 138. (methods, results) Byrd, B. F. 2005. Early Village Life at Beidha, Jordan: Neolithic Spatial Organization & Vernacular

Architecture. Oxford: Oxford University Press & the Council for British Research in the Levant. Edwards, P. 2013. Wadi Hammeh 27, an Early Natufian Settlement at Pella in Jordan. Leiden: E.J. Brill Garfinkel, Y., 2012. The Pre-Pottery Neolithic B village of Yiftahel. Ex Oriente, Berlin. Gebel, H.G., et al. 2006. Basta II: the Architecture & Stratigraphy. Ex Oriente, Berlin. Hodder, I., (ed) 2007. Excavating Çatalhöyük. Çatalhöyük Series 3. Cambridge: Univ. of Cambridge. Hodder, I. (ed) 2013. Çatalhöyük Excavations. Çatalhöyük Series 7. Los Angeles: UCLA. Later Neolithic - Chalcolithic Braidwood, R. & Braidwood, L. 1960. Excavations in the Plain of Antioch I. Chicago. DBC10 QTO BRA Garfinkel, Y. & Miller, M. A. 2002. Sha'ar ha-Golan: Neolithic Art in Context. Oxford: Oxbow. (Late Neolithic) Garfinkel, Y. and Ben-Shlomo, D. 2009. Sha'ar Hagolan. Volume 2: The Rise of Urban Concepts in the Ancient

Near East. Jerusalem: Institute of Archaeology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem. (Late Neolithic) Levy, T. 1987. Shiqmim I. Oxford: BAR International Series 356. Levy, T. 2006. Archaeology, Anthropology & Cult: The Sanctuary at Gilat. London: Equinox. DBE10 LEV – Mellaart, J. 1970. Excavations at Hacilar Volumes I-II. Edinburgh.: Edinburgh University Press. Voigt, M. M. 1983. Hajji Firuz Tepe, Iran: The Neolithic Settlement. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania. Early Bronze Age Amiran, R. 2003. Early Arad. Volume 2. Jerusalem: The Israel Museum, Israel Exploration Society. Finkelstein, I. & et al. 2006. Megiddo IV: The 1998-2002 Seasons. Tel Aviv: Yass Publications. (EBA data) Frangipane, M. et al. 2007. Arslantepe Cretulae: An Early Centralized Administrative System Before Writing.

Rome.


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Goldman, H., 1956, Excavations at Gozlu Kule, Tarsus II: From the Neolithic Through the Bronze Age. Princeton: Princeton Univ. DBC 10 QTO TAR; STORES QTO DBC 10 TAR

Greenberg, R. et al. 2006. Bet Yerah: The Early Bronze Age Mound. Volume I. Excavation Reports 1933-1986. Jerusalem, Israel Antiquities Authority. DBE 10 GRE

Lloyd, S. & Mellaart, J., 1962, Beycesultan, Volume I. London: BIAA. DBC 10 QTO LLO; STORE 04 Rast, W. & Schaub, R. 2003. Bab edh-Dhra: Excavations at the Town Site. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns. DBE 10

RAS 1B MESOPOTAMIA / IRAN/ GULF Late Epipalaeolithic - Early Neolithic Braidwood, R. & Howe, B. 1960. Prehistoric investigations in Iraqi Kurdistan. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago. DBB

100 BRA; STORE 02-07092 Matthews, R. et al. 2013. The Earliest Neolithic of Iran: 2008 Excavations at Sheikh e Abad & Jani. Oxford:

Oxbow. Moore, A. 2000. Village on the Euphrates: From Foraging to Farming at Abu Hureyra. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Verhoeven, M. & Akkermans, P. 2000. Tell Sabi Abyad II: the pre-pottery Neolithic B settlement. Nederlands

Historisch-Archaeologisch Instituut te Istanbul. Later Neolithic – Early Chalcolithic Akkermans, P. 1996. Tell Sabi Abyad, the late Neolithic settlement. Istanbul: Nederlands Historisch-

Archaeologisch Instituut te Istanbul. Hijara, I. 1997. The Halaf Period in Northern Mesopotamia. Nabu: London. Nishiaki, Y. & Matsutani, T. 2001. Tell Kosak Shamali: the archaeological investigations on the Upper

Euphrates. Vol. 1, Chalcolithic architecture and the earlier prehistoric remains. Tokyo: Univ. of Tokyo. Pollock, S., et al. 2013. 2003 excavations at Tol-e Baši, Iran. Mainz: Philipp von Zabern. Safar, F., et al. 1981. Eridu, Iraq: Ministry of Culture and Information. Late Chalcolithic - Early Bronze Age Adams, R. M. 1981. Heartland of Cities. Chicago: University of Chicago. Alizadeh, A. 2003. Excavations at the Prehistoric Mound of Chogha Bonut, Khuzestan, Iran, Seasons 1976/77,

1977/78, and 1996. Oriental Institute Publications 120. Chicago. Alizedah, A. 2008. The Development of a Prehistoric Regional Center in Lowland Susiana, Southwestern Iran.

Oriental Institute Publications 130. Chicago. Frankfort, H. 1933. Tell Asmar, Khafaje and Khorsabad: Second Preliminary Report of the Iraq Expedition.

Oriental Institute Publication 16. Chicago. Kantor , H., Delougaz, P. 1996. Chogha Mish, Volume 1. Chicago: University of Chicago. Lamberg-Karlovsky, C.C. 1970. Excavations at Tepe Yahya, Iran, 1967-1969: Progress Report. Cambridge:

American School of Prehistoric Research. McMahon, A. 2006. The Early Dynastic to Akkadian Transition: The Area WF Sounding at Nippur. Oriental

Institute Publications 129. Chicago. Oates, D. and Oates, J., McDonald, H. 2002. Excavations at Tell Brak - Vol. 2: Nagar in the Third Millennium

BC. British School of Archaeology in Iraq: London. Oates, D. and Oates, J. 2009. Excavations at Tell Brak, Vol. 3: The Uruk and Ubaid Periods. McDonald Institute

for Archaeological Research: Cambridge. Potts, D. T., Lamberg-Karlovsky, C. C., Pittman, H., & Kohl, P. L. 2001. Excavations at Tepe Yahya, Iran, 1967-

1975 the third millennium. Cambridge, Mass: Peabody Museum, Harvard University. Rothman, M. 2001. Tepe Gawra: The Evolution of a Small Prehistoric Center in Northern Iraq. Philadelphia:

University Museum Publications. Wilkinson, T.J. and Tucker, D.J. 1995. Settlement Development in North Jazira, Iraq: A Study of the

Archaeological Landscape. Aris & Phillips: Warminister. Woolley, L. 1934. Ur Excavations, Volume 2: The Royal Cemetery- Text and Plates. Joint Expedition of the

British Museum and The Museum of the University of Pennsylvania to Mesopotamia.


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Essay 2: Research Essay (1,900-2,100 words) (50%) The research essay should be an attempt to write an original, short, publishable paper, as if for a journal. Choose one of the following journals, find its website, download & print out the main guidelines for authors. Check what has been published in that journal in the past 10 years, to get a sense of the range of subjects; the audience; the scope. Try to follow the guidelines for authors, in preparing the manuscript. However, keep in mind that your time should be devoted to substantive argument, not formatting. You will not be penalized if your tables, figures, reference formats do not conform to the journal’s guidelines. Include a short abstract (200 words or less). Journals to choose from: Antiquity, World Archaeology, American Journal of Archaeology, Journal of Anthropological Archaeology Be sure to state which journal you have chosen on the first page of the essay, eg after stating your title, add “(For possible submission to Antiquity)” Choose a topic that interests you & see the course coordinator to discuss it. Be sure that the topic you choose does not involve any overlap with what you have written about in Book Reviews (or any other essay for any course). The paper should address what you believe to be a genuine gap in research (and not only the research published in the journal you choose). You should state what this gap is near the beginning of the paper. It is important that the paper not be purely descriptive. It should be analytical & make a sustained argument, backed up by evidence. For examples, see readings in this reading list. Part of the assessment will be on how well you formulate your research question. Research questions should not be too basic, too limited or narrow in scope, or based on unexamined or simplistic theoretical assumptions. The essay should support or refute a position. You should address a research question; decide what your position is; & defend your views on the basis on the evidence. In addressing the topic, your goal is to find artefacts or primary data to work with directly (e.g., in IoA collections or in museums). State the research design at the beginning (in introductory paragraphs), as follows: The research problems/questions The data you have chosen in order to address them A discussion/defense of why you chose those data (For example: scope, type of data, quality of data,

sampling problems, some things are published & others aren’t, etc.) The methodology you will use in order to address the problem. For example: comparisons of certain units

such as features, architecture, sites, regions; what exactly you plan to compare (e.g., site sizes, grave goods, etc.); a defense of that methodology (i.e., why your approach is valid).

Then move on to the analysis. Be sure to include both figures & tables, some of which should present primary data showing patterning that you identify & discuss in the text. Note: it is reasonable to look at some sites in more depth than others, but when using in-depth case studies, you should make it clear that you have not ignored other sites & you should defend your choices of case studies & why you are limiting your scope. Wherever possible emphasize the most recent research. Wherever possible be specific as regards data, references (use page numbers) & so on. Don’t just write a description / critique of what other people say. You are trying to go further into your own creative & original analysis. Get into details of the evidence & its problems or possibilities. Do not confine yourself only to general theory or broad interpretation. Use concrete, specific, detailed examples in the archaeological record to highlight your argument.


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APPENDIX A: UCL and IoA POLICIES ON COURSEWORK PROCEDURES AND EXTENSIONS INSTITUTE OF ARCHAELOGY COURSEWORK PROCEDURES General policies and procedures concerning courses and coursework, including submission procedures, assessment criteria, and general resources, are available in your Degree Handbook and on the following website: http://wiki.ucl.ac.uk/display/archadmin. It is essential that you read and comply with these. Note that some of the policies and procedures will be different depending on your status (e.g. undergraduate, postgraduate taught, affiliate, graduate diploma, intercollegiate, interdepartmental). If in doubt, please consult your course co-ordinator. A summary of these policies is provided in Appendix B, but this is only a summary. Consult the web address above for full information. GRANTING OF EXTENSIONS New UCL-wide regulations with regard to the granting of extensions for coursework have been introduced with effect from the 2015-16 session. Full details will be circulated to all students and will be made available on the IoA intranet. Note that Course Coordinators are no longer permitted to grant extensions. All requests for extensions must be submitted on a new UCL form, together with supporting documentation, via Judy Medrington’s office and will then be referred on for consideration. Please be aware that the grounds that are now acceptable are limited. Those with long-term difficulties should contact UCL Student Disability Services to make special arrangements.

APPENDIX B: SUMMARY OF POLICIES AND PROCEDURES 2015-16 (PLEASE READ CAREFULLY) This appendix provides a short précis of policies and procedures relating to courses. It is not a substitute for the full documentation, with which all students should become familiar. For full information on Institute policies and procedures, see the following website: http://wiki.ucl.ac.uk/display/archadmin For UCL policies and procedures, see the Academic Regulations and the UCL Academic Manual: http://www.ucl.ac.uk/srs/academic-regulations ; http://www.ucl.ac.uk/academic-manual/ GENERAL MATTERS ATTENDANCE: A minimum attendance of 70% is required. A register will be taken at each class. If you are unable to attend a class, please notify the lecturer by email. DYSLEXIA: If you have dyslexia or any other disability, please discuss with your lecturers whether there is any way in which they can help you. Students with dyslexia should indicate it on each coursework cover sheet. COURSEWORK SUBMISSION PROCEDURES: You must submit a hardcopy of coursework to the Co-ordinator's pigeon-hole via the Red Essay Box at Reception (or, in the case of first year undergraduate work, to room 411a) by stated deadlines. Coursework must be stapled to a completed coversheet (available from IoA website; the rack outside Room 411A; or the Library). You should put your Candidate Number (a 5 digit alphanumeric code, found on Portico. Please note that this number changes each year) and Course Code on all coursework. It is also essential that you put your Candidate Number at the start of the title line on Turnitin, followed by the short title of the coursework (example: YBPR6 Funerary practices). LATE SUBMISSION: Late submission is penalized in accordance with UCL regulations, unless permission for late submission has been granted. The penalties are as follows: i) A penalty of 5 percentage marks should be applied to coursework submitted the calendar day after the deadline (calendar day 1); ii) A penalty of 15 percentage marks should be applied to coursework submitted on calendar day 2 after the deadline through to calendar day 7; iii) A mark of zero should be recorded for coursework submitted on calendar day 8 after the deadline through to the end of the second week of third term. Nevertheless, the assessment will be considered to be complete provided the coursework contains material than can be assessed; iv) Coursework submitted after the end of the second week of third term will not be marked and the assessment will be incomplete. GRANTING OF EXTENSIONS: New UCL-wide regulations with regard to the granting of extensions for coursework have been introduced with effect from the 2015-16 session. Full details will be circulated to all students and will be made available on the IoA intranet. Note that Course Coordinators are no longer permitted to grant extensions. All requests for extensions must be submitted on a new UCL form, together with supporting documentation, via Judy Medrington’s office and will then be referred on for consideration. Please be aware that the grounds that are now acceptable are limited. Those with long-term difficulties should contact UCL Student Disability Services to make special arrangements.TURNITIN: Date-stamping is via Turnitin, so in addition to submitting hard copy, you must also submit your work to Turnitin by midnight on the deadline day. If you have questions or problems with Turnitin, contact [email protected]. RETURN OF COURSEWORK AND RESUBMISSION: You should receive your marked coursework within four calendar weeks of the submission deadline. If you do not receive your work within this period, or a written explanation, notify the Academic Administrator. When your marked essay is returned to you, return it to the Course Co-ordinator within two weeks. You must retain a copy of all coursework submitted. WORD LENGTH: Essay word-lengths are normally expressed in terms of a recommended range. Not included in the word count are the bibliography, appendices, tables, graphs, captions to figures, tables, graphs. You must indicate word length (minus exclusions) on the cover sheet. Exceeding the maximum word-length expressed for the essay will be penalized in accordance with UCL penalties for over-length work. CITING OF SOURCES and AVOIDING PLAGIARISM: Coursework must be expressed in your own words, citing the exact source (author, date and page number; website address if applicable) of any ideas, information, diagrams, etc., that are taken from the work of others. This applies to all media (books, articles, websites, images, figures, etc.). Any direct quotations from the work of others must be indicated as such by being placed between quotation marks. Plagiarism is a very serious irregularity, which can carry heavy penalties. It is your responsibility to abide by requirements for presentation, referencing and avoidance of plagiarism. Make sure you understand definitions of plagiarism and the procedures and penalties as detailed in UCL regulations: http://www.ucl.ac.uk/current-students/guidelines/plagiarism MOODLE: Please ensure you are signed up to the course on Moodle.

http://wiki.ucl.ac.uk/display/archadmin

http://wiki.ucl.ac.uk/display/archadmin

http://www.ucl.ac.uk/srs/academic-regulations

http://www.ucl.ac.uk/academic-manual/


http://www.ucl.ac.uk/current-students/guidelines/plagiarism

ucl institute of archaeology arcl 0151 (previously g 269 ... · new encyclopedia of archaeological...

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