ubiquitous personal content transfer in a hybrid and heterogeneous wireless network environment

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Ubiquitous Personal Content Transfer in a Hybrid and Heterogeneous Wireless Network Environment

Junkang MA, Dr. John Hannah, Dr. Dave Laurenson

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Outline

Introduction and Related Work

Problem Statement and Analysis

PDE-based Scheme details

Performance Analysis

Conclusion and Future Work

PDE = Personal Distributed Environment

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Introduction and Related Work

Two challenges for ubiquitous content transfer:

1. The heterogeneous networking environment with differing network coverage and access technologies.

2. One individual user owns multiple personal devices,

each of which may have multiple wireless interfaces. They can connect to each other with short-range technology. The coexistence of infrastructure-based and infrastructure-less communication leads to a hybrid networking environment

Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) A mobile network with multiple wireless interfaces

accompanying the moving individual user, composed of multiple personal devices

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Introduction and Related Work (IP Layer)

Local short-range communication (infrastructure-less) technology:

Pure Ad-hoc

Global mobile communication (infrastructure-based) technology:

Mobile IP (MIP): for single mobile node (e.g. a PDA)

Network Mobility (NEMO): for a moving network (e.g. a WPAN )

There is a “gap” between the two kinds of communication.

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Problem statement: Scenario A

Scenario A: Intra-WPAN communication without contacting

remote entities (pure ad hoc mode), supporting receiver devices that move from inside to outside the WPAN (from pure ad hoc mode to global transfer mode)

WPAN

IP backbone

WPAN

Receiver device moves

out of WPANPure Ad hoc

content transfer

Global content transfer

[WPAN - Wireless Personal Area Network]

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Problem statement: Scenario A

Pure Ad-hoc mode: does not support mobility MIP/NEMO mode with Routing Optimization (RO):

IP Backbone

NEMO-based WPAN

CN MN

MR

MRHA

MNHA

BS/AP

1. Data Packets

2. Tunnelled by MR

3. Data Packets

4. Tunnelled by MNHA

5. Tunnelled by MRHA

6. Left tunnelled data packets7. BU

8. BACK

Drawbacks: HA dependency High delay and cost MR connectivity

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Problem statement: Scenario B

Scenario B: WPANs of two individual users communicate

with each other directly, without contacting remote entities. Mobility is also required.

Local Area

WPAN1 WPAN2

Close physical

proximity

[WPAN - Wireless Personal Area Network]

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Problem statement: Scenario B

Pure Ad-hoc mode: does not support mobility MIP/NEMO mode with RO:

Drawbacks: HA dependency High delay and cost MR connectivity

closely located

Local Area

IP Backbone

NEMO-based WPAN2

MN

MR2

MR2HA

MNHA

BS/AP

2. Tunnelled by MR1

3. Data Packets

4. Tunnelled by MNHA

5. Tunnelled by MR2HA

6. Left tunnelled data packets

7. BU

8. BACK

NEMO-based WPAN1

CN

MR1

1. Data Packets

10. BACK

BS/AP

MR1HA

8. BU

9. BU

11. BACK

12. BACK

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Problem statement: Analysis

Support “continuous communication”

with mobility

“Home Agent dependency” not required

Delay and Cost

“Mobile Router connectivity” not required

Pure Ad hoc × √ low √

StandardMIP/NEMO

√ × high ×

Integration ofMANET andMIP/NEMO

√ × high ×

MANEMO √ × high ×

Existing schemes are unsuitable when local transfer and 'continuous communication with mobility' are both required in a hybrid networking environment.

[MIP = Mobile IP; NEMO = NEtwork MObility; MANET = Mobile Ad-hoc NETwork; MANEMO = Mobile Ad-hoc NETwork MObility]

The aim of the research:keep communication continuous in such a hybrid networking environment and also keep high performance for local content transfer

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PDE-based Scheme

Personal Distributed Environment

PCM: Personal Content Management DME: Device Management Entity

Fixed Network

Root PAA

Root PCM

Root DME

Personal Area

Local PAA

Local PCM

Local DME

Household

Local PAA

Local PCM

Local DME

Office

Local PAA

Local PCM

Local DME

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PDE-based Scheme

Extended Functions of the DME

Location RegisterEquipment

RegisterSecurity Register

DID and uMNP Mapping Table (in Root DME)

Extended Mapping Table

Personal-based URI (global and

local area)

Personal-device-based URI

DME

Personal Devices

register

Communication Entities (personal and non-personal devices),

PCM and PAA

HAs of MRs

Mapping table:

URI (Universal Resource Identity) ---> Addresses (Home Address and multiple Care-of Address)

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PDE-based Scheme: Scenario A

Scheme procedure for Scenario A1. PCM and DME initiate the Content Transfer

PCM

DME

PAA

required content transfer

URI of the source and destination devices

Extended URI Mapping

Table

Location Register

Multiple CoAs

HoA

Interfaces and routing

selection

request using URI

Initiation Instructions (IBU and HoA)

CN

[PAA = Personal Assistant Agent; URI = Universal Resource Identifier; PCM = Personal Content Manager; Distributed Mobile Environment; HoA = Home Address; CoA = Care off Address; IBU = Initial Binding Update; CN = Correspondent Node]

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PDE-based Scheme: Scenario A

2. Content Transfer: local transfer can be

established immediately using MANET (pure ad-hoc mode)

3. Binding Update: transfer can be kept

continuous when device moves out of MANET (seamless changes from ad-hoc mode to global mobile transfer mode )

[MANET = Mobile Ad-hoc NETwork; MN = Mobile Node; IBU = Initial Binding Update; PCM = Personal Content Manager; CN = Correspondent Node ]

CN MR (Local PCM) MN

1. IBU

2. IBACK

3. Data Packet transferred in the

local area MN moves4. BU

5. BACK

6. Data Packet via MR and then IP backbone

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PDE-based Scheme: Scenario B

MR1 and MR2 can establish the routing between the two mobile networks.

[MR = Mobile Router; MN = Mobile Node; IBU = Initial Binding Update; ACT = ACKnowledgement; IBACK = Initial Binding ACK; BU = Binding Update; Manager; BACK = Binding ACK]

CN MR1 (Local PCM1)

4. IBU5. IBACK

6. Data Packet via MR1 and MR2 in the local area

7. BU

8. BACK9. Data Packet via MR1 and then IP backbone

MNMR2 (Local PCM2)1. address request

2. address reply

3. ACK

MN moves

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PDE-based Scheme

This PDE-based scheme has a number of advantages:

• HA independency. Furthermore, if it is a stand-alone WPAN without

Internet connectivity, local content can also be transferred via the Ad-hoc directly. When the WPAN connects to the Internet, it can change to standard MIP/NEMO mode seamlessly and keep the transfer continuous.

• Low delay and cost. • No MR connectivity is needed for local content

transfer.• Selection of transfer modes. The PCM implements the

selection and change of transfer modes by different pre-set bindings of CoAs.

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Average Establishment delay (ted) and Cost (C): the average delay and cost for a CN to get the

MN’s CoA so as to establish the transfer with Routing Optimization (RO).

Average Establishment Delay

Average Establishment Cost

wl wl w w x-y/ ( / ) ( 1)t P B L P B L d

1

(( ) / (( ) / ) ( 1))m

k k wl wl k k w w kk

t P H B L P H B L d

D BU1 λ E( ) ( )Sn S t t '

'1 1

(( ) ) (( ) )K K

i i i j j ji j K

C n P H d P H d

Wireless bandwidth Wired bandwidthWireless latency Wired latency

Session rate Session length

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Parameter Settings

PD 0~1500 bytes dMR-MRHA 6

PS 100 bytes dMRHA-MNHA 1

Bwl 2 Mbps dMR1-MR1HA 6

Bw 100 Mbps dMR1HA-MNHA 1

Lwl 2 ms dMNHA-MR2HA 1

Lw 0.5 ms dMR2HA-MR2 6

H 40 bytes dMR1HA-MR2HA 1

E(S) 20 dMR1HA-RP 1

λS 2

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Conclusion and Future Work

Conclusion:We have proposed a PDE-based scheme combining the virtues of standard MIP/NEMO mode and the advantages of pure ad hoc mode. This not only can enable a mobile user to achieve ubiquitous personal content transfer but also has a higher performance in such a hybrid networking environment.

Future Work: Hardware experiment for PDE-based Scheme Decision making of PCM

ubiquitous personal content transfer in a hybrid and heterogeneous wireless network environment

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